S.
Sabīnī, ōrum, pl. m., the Sabines, a race in central Italy, adjoining Latium on the east.
Sabīnus, ī, m., 1. Oppius Sabīnus, a Roman general slain by Dacians during the reign of Domitian. 2. Q. Titūrius (Sabīnus), a lieutenant of Caesar. 3. (Flavius) Sabīnus, brother of the emperor Vespasian.
sacer, cra, crum, adj., holy, sacred; as subst., sacrum, ī, n., a holy thing, sacred vessel; pl. religious rites, sacrifices.
sacerdōs, ōtis [sacer], m. and f., priest, priestess.
sacrāmentum, ī [sacrō], n., an oath.
*sacrō, āre, āvī, ātus, to set apart; bless; curse.
con—cōnsecrō, āre, āvī, ātus, to dedicate, consecrate, devote. ex—exsecror, ārī, ātus sum, to curse, abhor. ob—obsecrō, āre, āvī, ātus, to implore, supplicate.
saepe, adv., frequently, often.
saeviō, īre, īvī (iī), ītus [saevus], to be fierce or cruel, rage; punish cruelly.
saevitia, ae [saevus], f., fury, cruelty.
saevus, a, um, adj., raging, fierce, cruel.
sagāx, ācis, adj., of quick perception, sagacious, keen-scented.
sagitta, ae, f., arrow.
sagittārius, ī [sagitta], m., an archer, bowman.
Saguntīnī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Saguntum.
Saguntum, ī, n., a city on the eastern coast of Spain.
salārius, a, um [sāl, salt], adj., of salt, salty; via Salāria, the road from Rome to Reate.
Salassī, ōrum, pl. m., a people living in the Alps.
Salīnātōr, ōris, m., M. Līvius Salīnātōr, consul 210 B.C.
Sallentīnī, ōrum, pl. m., a people of Calabria in southern Italy.
Salōnae, ārum, pl. f., a city in Dalmatia.
saltō, āre, āvī, ātus, to dance, leap.
salūtō, āre, āvī, ātus [salūs, health], to wish one health, greet, salute, visit.
Salvius, ī, m., see Iūliānus.
salvus, a, um, adj., well, safe, sound.
Samnītēs, um, Gr. acc. pl. Samnītas, pl. m., the Samnites, a branch of the Sabine race inhabiting the mountains southeast of Latium.
Samnium, ī, n., a division of middle Italy.
Samus, ī, f., an island in the Mediterranean Sea, near the coast of Asia Minor.
sanguinārius, a, um [sanguis], adj., bloodthirsty, bloody, sanguinary.
sanguis, inis, m., blood.
Sapōr, ōris, m., the name of several Persian kings. 1. Sapor I., 240-273 A.D. 2. Sapor II., 310-381 A.D.
Sardī, ōrum, pl. m., the Sardinians, inhabitants of the island of Sardinia.
Sardica, ae, f., a city in Lower Moesia.
Sardinia, ae, f., Sardinia, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, west of Italy.
Sardiniēnsēs, ium, pl. m., the Sardinians, inhabitants of the island of Sardinia.
Sarmatae, ārum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Sarmatia.
Sarmatia, ae, f., Sarmatia, now the eastern part of Poland and the southern part of Russia in Europe.
Sāturnīnus, ī, m., one of the Thirty Tyrants.
sauciō, āre, āvī, ātus [saucius], to wound.
Sauromātae, ārum, pl. m., a people of Asia dwelling on the Tanaïs.
Saxonēs, um, pl. m., the Saxons.
saxum, ī, n., a stone, rock, boulder.
*scandō, ere, —, —, to climb, mount. ad—ascendō, ere, ī, scēnsus, to climb up, mount, ascend. con—cōnscendō, ere, ī, scēnsus, to mount, ascend; go on board.
Scaevola, ae, m., Q. Mūcius Scaevola, consul 117 B.C.
scelerātus, a, um [scelus], adj., wicked, infamous.
scelus, eris, n., a sin, crime.
scēna, ae, f., a stage.
scientia, ae [sciō], f., knowledge, skill.
scīlicet [scīre + licet], adv., plainly, of course, doubtless.
sciō, īre, scīvī, scītus, to know, understand.
Scīpiō, ōnis, m., the name of one of the most illustrious families of Rome. 1. Cornēlius Scīpiō, consul 83 B.C. 2. Cn. Cornēlius Scīpiō, consul 222 B.C. 3. L. (Cornēlius) Scīpiō, consul 259 B.C. 4. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō, consul 218 B.C. 5. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō, consul 191 B.C. 6. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō, praetor 94 B.C. 7. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Āfricānus, consul 205 B.C., the conqueror of Hannibal in the First Punic War. 8. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Āfricānus (Minor), consul 147 B.C. He brought the Third Punic War to a close by capturing and destroying Carthage. 9. L. Cornēlius Scīpiō Asiāgenēs, consul 83 B.C. 10. P. (Cornēlius) Scīpiō Nāsīca, consul 91 B.C.
Scordiscī, ōrum, pl. m., a Thracian people.
scrība, ae [scrībō], f., a clerk, secretary.
scrībō, ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus, to write. dē—dēscrībō, ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus, to copy off, sketch, describe. prō—prōscrībō, ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus, to offer for sale; proscribe, outlaw.
Scrībonius, ī, m., see Curiō.
scrīnium, ī, n., a case, box (especially for books and papers).
Scythae, ārum, pl. m., a wandering tribe of Europe and Asia north of the Black and Caspian Seas.
sē, see suī.
sectiō, ōnis, f., a sale at auction of confiscated property.
secundō [secundus], adv., for the second time.
secundus, a, um [sequor], adj., second; favorable, successful.
Secundus, ī, m., Petrōnius Secundus, a partisan of Nerva.
sēcūritās, ātis [sēcūrus, free from care], f., freedom from care, security.
sed, conj., but; yet.
sedeō, ēre, sēdī, sessus, to sit, settle, remain, be encamped. ob—obsideō, ēre, sēdī, sessus, to besiege, occupy; watch closely. re—resideō, ēre, sēdī, —, to sit back, remain sitting, be left behind, remain.
sēdēs, is [cf. sedeō], f., seat, chair; residence, abode.
sēditiō, ōnis [sed + itiō, from eō], f., dissension, rebellion, revolt.
sēditiōsē [sēditiō], adv., seditiously.
Seleucīa, ae, f., 1. A city in Assyria. 2. A city in Cilicia. 3. A city in Syria.
sella, ae [sedeō], f., a seat, chair.
semel, adv., once.
sēmibarbarus, ī, m., semi-barbarian.
semper, adv., always.
Semprōnius, ī, m., P. Semprōnius, consul 268 B.C. See Blaesus, Gracchus.
Sēna, ae, f., a city in Umbria in Italy.
senātor, ōris [senātus], m., a senator.
senātus, ūs [cf. senex], m., council of elders, senate, in the time of the kings a mere advisory body, called together by the king when he desired advice, but later the chief power in the Roman state.
senectūs, ūtis [senex], f., old age.
senēscō, ere, senuī, — [senex], to grow old. con—cōnsenēscō, ere, senuī, —, to grow old.
senex, gen. senis, adj., old; comp. senior, elder; sup. māximus (nātū), eldest. As subst., senex, senis, m., an old man; seniōrēs, um, pl. m., the elders (men over 45).
senior, see senex.
Senonēs, um, pl. m., a people of Celtic Gaul.
Senonēs, um, pl. m., the chief city of the Senones.
sententia, ae [sentiō], f., an opinion, judgment; sense.
sentiō, īre, sēnsī, sēnsus, to discern by sense, feel; see, perceive. ad—adsentor, ārī, ātus sum, to assent, flatter, fawn. con—cōnsentiō, īre, sēnsī, sēnsus, to agree; conspire, plot.
Sentius, ī, m., Cn. Sentius, a Roman general during the reign of the emperor Claudius.
sepeliō, īre, īvī (iī), sepultus, to bury, inter.
septem, indecl. num. adj., seven.
September, bris, m., September, the seventh month of the year beginning with March.
septendecim [septem + decem], indecl. num. adj., seventeen.
septennium, ī [septem + annus], n., the space of seven years.
Septimius, ī, m., see Sevērus.
septimus, a, um [septem], num. adj., seventh.
septingentēsimus, a, um [septingentī, seven hundred], num. adj., seven hundredth.
septuāgenārius, a, um [septuāgintā], num. adj., of or belonging to the number seventy.
septuāgēsimus, a, um [septuāgintā], num. adj., seventieth.
septuāgintā [septem], indecl. num. adj., seventy.
sepultūra, ae [sepeliō], f., burial, funeral.
Sēquanī, ōrum, pl. m., an important tribe in eastern Gaul north of the Rhone.
sequor, ī, secūtus sum, to follow, pursue; ensue. con—cōnsequor, ī, secūtus sum, to pursue, overtake; arrive; obtain. in—īnsequor, ī, secūtus sum, to pursue, follow up. ob—obsequor, ī, secūtus sum, to submit to, indulge in, assist. per—persequor, ī, secūtus sum, to pursue, prosecute; relate. prō—prōsequor, ī, secūtus sum, to follow after, pursue, address.
Serāpīum, ī, n., Serāpīum, the temple of Serapis.
Serdica, ae, f., a town in Upper Moesia, the modern Sofia.
Sergius, ī, m., see Catilīna.
sēricus, a, um, adj., of silk, silken.
sermō, ōnis, m., talk, conversation, discourse.
*serō, ere, —, tus, to bind together.
ad—adserō, ere, uī, tus, to claim, lay claim to.
con—cōnserō, ere, uī, tus, to join in battle; cōnserere manūs, to fight hand to hand.
dē—dēserō, ere, uī, tus, to leave, abandon, desert.
in—īnserō, ere, uī, tus, to fasten into; insert.
Sertōrius, ī, m., Q. Sertōrius, an officer in the army of Marius. He went to Spain as propraetor in 82 B.C. and maintained an independent command until his death in 72 B.C.
Servīlius, ī, m., Q. Servīlius, consul 365 B.C. See Caepiō, Casca, Vatia.
serviō, īre, īvī (iī), ītus, to be the slave of, devote one’s self to; have regard to.
Servius, ī, m., see Tullius.
servitium, ī [servus], n., slavery; slaves.
servitūs, ūtis [servus], f., slavery.
servō, āre, āvī, ātus, to save, preserve, watch.
con—cōnservō, āre, āvī, ātus, to keep safe, preserve.
re—reservō, āre, āvī, ātus, to keep back, reserve, preserve.
servus, ī, m., a slave, servant.
sēsē, see suī.
sēstertius, ī [sēmis, half, + tertius], m., (sc. nummus), a sesterce, a small silver coin equivalent originally to two and one-half asses, but later worth about four cents. In naming large sums the Romans spoke of “so many times a hundred thousand sestertii” (centēna mīlia sēstertium).
sevērē [sevērus], adv., sup. sevērissimē; strictly, severely.
sevērissimē, see sevērē.
sevēritās, ātis [sevērus], f., strictness, severity, sternness.
sevērus, a, um, adj., serious, strict, harsh.
Sevērus, ī, m., 1. (L.) Septimius Sevērus, Roman emperor 193-211 A.D. 2. (Flavius Valerius) Sevērus, Roman emperor 306-307 A.D.
sex, indecl. num. adj., six.
Sex., abbreviation of the praenomen Sextus.
sexāgenārius, a, um [sexāgintā], num. adj., belonging to sixty; māior sexāgenāriō, older than sixty years.
sexāgēsimus, a, um [sexāgintā], num. adj., sixtieth.
sexāgintā [sex], indecl. num. adj., sixty.
sexcentēsimus, a, um [sexcentī], num. adj., six hundredth.
sexcentī, ae, a [sex + centum], num. adj., six hundred.
sexdecim or sēdecim [sex + decem], indecl. num. adj., sixteen.
sexiēs [sex], num. adv., six times.
Sextus, ī, m., Sextus Chaeronēnsis, a teacher of Antoninus Pius.
sextus, a, um [sex], num. adj., sixth.
sī, conj., if whether; quod sī, but if.
sīc, adv., so, thus; sīc … ut, just as.
Sicilia, ae, f., the island of Sicily.
Siculī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Sicily.
sīcut [sīc + ut], adv., just as.
sīdō, ere, —, —, to seat one’s self, sit down. con—cōnsīdō, ere, sēdī, sessus, to sit down; settle, encamp, take a position.
sīgnificō, āre, āvī, ātus [sīgnum + faciō], to make signs, show; point out, indicate.
sīgnum, ī, n., sign, signal; military standard, ensign; statue, image.
Sīlānus, ī, m., a celebrated Roman family. 1. D. Iūnius Sīlānus, consul 62 B.C. 2. M. Iūnius Sīlānus, consul 109 B.C.
Silvānus, ī, m., a Roman who revolted in Gaul during the reign of the emperor Constantius.
Silvia, see Rhēa.
similis, e, adj., sup. simillimus; like, similar.
simul, adv., at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as.
sine, prep. with abl., without.
Singara, ae, f., a city in Mesopotamia, on the Tigris.
singulāris, e [singulī], adj., one by one, single, individual; remarkable, singular, unparalleled.
singulī, ae, a, adj., one at a time, one apiece, single.
sinister, tra, trum, adj., left.
sinō, ere, sīvī, situs, to put, place; permit, let. dē—dēsinō, ere, sīvī (iī), situs, to cease, stop.
Sinōpē, ēs, f., a city in Paphlagonia, on the Black Sea.
Sipylus, ī, m., a mountain in Lydia.
Sirmium, ī, n., a city in Lower Pannonia.
*sistō, ere, stitī, status, to cause to stand, place, set; stand. con—cōnsistō, ere, stitī, —, to stand, take position (of an army); stop, halt; be firm, endure, continue. ex—exsistō, ere, stitī, —, to make come out; appear, arise, project, exist. re—resistō, ere, stitī, —, to oppose, withstand, resist.
situs, a, um [orig. part. of sinō], adj., placed, situate, lying.
Smyrna, ae, f., one of the most flourishing and important sea-ports of Asia Minor.
socer, erī, m., father-in-law.
sociālis, e [socius], adj., social.
socius, ī, m., a comrade, ally, confederate.
sōcordia, ae, f., dullness, carelessness; laziness, indolence.
sōl, sōlis, m., the sun; Sōl, Sōlis, m., the Sun-god.
sōlitūdō, inis [sōlus], f., loneliness; lonely place, wilderness.
sollers, ertis, adj., skillful, expert.
sollicitō, āre, āvī, ātus [sollicitus, agitated], to urge, incite, tempt, solicit.
sollicitūdō, inis [sollicitus, agitated], f., uneasiness of mind, care, anxiety.
solum, ī, n., the ground, soil.
sōlum [sōlus], adv., only.
sōlus, a, um, gen. sōlīus, dat. sōlī, adj., only, alone.
solvō, ere, solvī, solūtus, to loose; set sail; annul; pay; unseal, open.
Sophanēnē, ēs, f., or Sophene, a division of Armenia Maior.
soror, ōris, f., a sister.
Sp., abbreviation of the praenomen Spurius.
Spartacus, ī, m., a Roman gladiator who led an insurrection of gladiators and slaves, 73 B.C.
spatiōsus, a, um [spatium, space], adj., roomy, of great extent, ample, extensive.
*speciō, ere, spēxī, —, (obsolete), to look. ad—adspiciō, ere, spēxī, spectus, to look at, examine, inspect. con—cōnspiciō, ere, spēxī, spectus, to catch sight of, spy; see.
spectāculum, ī [spectō, to look at], n., a show, spectacle.
spectō, āre, āvī, ātus [freq. of *speciō], to look at, watch, behold. ex—exspectō, āre, āvī, ātus, to look out for, wait for, await.
speculātor, ōris, m., a spy.
spēs, eī, f., hope, expectation.
spolium, ī, n., spoil, booty.
spondeō, ēre, spopondī, spōnsus, to promise. re—respondeō, ēre, ī, spōnsus, to answer, reply; correspond to, agree with.
sponte [abl. of spōns, obs.], f., voluntarily; with meā, tuā, or suā, of my, your, or his own free will.
stadium, ī, n., a stade, stadium, furlong, 606¾ English feet; a course for foot races; race course; Stadium, the race course built by Domitian.
statim [stō], adv., instantly, at once.
statiō, ōnis [stō], f., a picket, guard.
statīvus, a, um [stō], adj., permanent, stationary; castra statīva, a permanent camp.
statua, ae [stō], a statue, image.
*statuō, ere, ī, ūtus [stō], to cause to stand, set up, place; determine; determine on; arrange, appoint. con—cōnstituō, ere, ī, ūtus, to set up, erect; set in order, organize; arrange, appoint; resolve. dē—dēstituō, ere, ī, ūtus, to set down, deposit. in—īnstituō, ere, ī, ūtus, to set in place, arrange; found, establish; determine, undertake, begin; train, teach. prō—prōstituō, ere, ī, ūtus, to set forth in public, expose; dishonor, prostitute, offer for sale. re—restituō, ere, ī, ūtus, to set up again, replace, restore, reinstate; repair, remedy, save.
status, ūs [stō], m., state, position, rank.
stella, ae, f., a star.
stercus, oris, n., dung, excrement, manure.
sternō, ere, strāvī, strātus, to lay low, scatter; pave.
stilus, ī, m., stilus, pen.
stīpendiārius, a, um [stīpendium], adj., tributary, paying tribute.
stīpendium, ī [stips, gift + pendō], n., a payment; salary, pay; campaign.
stīpes, itis, m., a log, stock, post, trunk.
*stō, āre, stetī, status, to stand, take the part of, stand firm; continue. ad—astō, āre, stitī, —, to stand at, be at hand. in—īnstō, āre, stitī, statūrus, to draw near, be present; press on, pursue. prae—praestō, āre, stitī, stitus, to show; bestow, supply; surpass; be preferable; do, perform.
Stoicus, a, um, adj., Stoic.
stolidē, adv., stupidly, stolidly.
strangulō, āre, āvī, ātus, to strangle, throttle, kill.
Stratonīcē, ēs, f., a city in Caria in Asia Minor.
strēnuē [strēnuus], adv., sup. strēnuissimē, vigorously.
strēnuissimē, see strēnuē.
strēnuus, a, um, adj., brisk, active, vigorous.
strictim, adv., superficially, summarily, briefly.
studeō, ēre, uī, —, to be eager, take pains about, pay attention to; wish, try; favor.
studiōsē [studiōsus, eager], adv., eagerly, zealously.
studium, ī [studeō], n., zeal, enthusiasm; desire, pursuit, study; good will, affection.
stuprō, āre, āvī, ātus [stuprum], to debauch, dishonor.
stuprum, ī, n., debauchery, defilement, dishonor.
suādeō, ēre, suāsī, suāsus, to advise, urge, exhort.
sub, prep. with acc., under, towards, until, after; with abl., under, beneath, at the foot of, close to; in the reign of.
subiciō, see *iaciō.
subigō, see agō.
subitō [subitus], adv., suddenly.
subitus, a, um [subeō], adj., sudden, unexpected.
subiugō, āre, āvī, ātus [sub + iugum], to bring under the yoke; subject, subjugate.
sublātus, see tollō.
submoveō, see moveō.
subtīlis, e, adj., nice, precise, accurate, subtle.
suburbānus, a, um [urbs], adj., near the city, suburban.
subveniō, see veniō.
succēdō, see cēdō.
successor, ōris [succēdō], m., a follower, successor.
successus, ūs [succēdō], m., favorable outcome, success.
sūdor, ōris [sūdō, to sweat], m., sweat; fatigue.
Suessa, ae, f., Suessa Pōmētia, a city of the Volsci, in Latium.
Suēvī, ōrum, pl. m., a confederacy of German tribes.
Suēvia, ae, f., Suēvia, the land of the Suevi, modern Bavaria and Wurtemberg.
suī, gen., sibi, dat., sē (sēsē), acc. and abl., reflex. pron., sing. and pl., himself, herself, itself, themselves.
Sulla, ae, m., L. Cornēlius Sulla, surnamed Felix, consul 88 B.C.
Sulpicius, ī, m., 1. C. Sulpicius, dictator 304 B.C. 2. P. Sulpicius, consul 279 B.C. 3. P. Sulpicius, consul 211 B.C. See Rūfus.
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus, to be, exist, live; with gen., belonging to, be a part of; be true, be so; happen, take place; with dat., have, possess.
ab—absum, esse, āfuī, —, to be away or absent, be far from; prope abesse, to be at no great distance, be near. in—īnsum, īnesse, īnfuī, —, to be in or on; belong to. inter—intersum, esse, fuī, —, to be present at, take part in. prae—praesum, praeesse, fuī, —, to be over or before; rule, govern, be in command of. prō—prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, —, to benefit, profit, aid. super—supersum, esse, fuī, —, to be over and above, remain; survive, outlive.
summus, see superus.
sumō, ere, sūmpsī, sūmptus, to use up, spend.
con—cōnsūmō, ere, sūmpsī, sūmptus, to use up; devour, waste; destroy; spend, pass; use, employ.
re—resūmō, ere, sūmpsī, sūmptus, to take up again, take back, resume.
sūmptus, ūs [sūmō], m., outlay, expense.
supellex or supellectilis, is, f., household stuff, furniture.
super, prep. with acc., over, above, upon, in addition to; with abl., over, above, upon, on; about, of, concerning.
superbia, ae [superbus], f., haughtiness, pride.
superbus, a, um, adj., haughty, proud, august.
superfluus, a, um [super + fluō], adj., running over, superfluous; unnecessary.
superior, see superus.
superō, āre, āvī, ātus [super], to pass over or around, overcome, conquer; survive.
supersum, see sum.
superus, a, um [super], adj., above, on high; comp. superior, ius, upper, higher, earlier, superior; victorious; elder; sup. summus, a, um, highest, chief, utmost.
superveniō, see veniō.
supplicium, ī [supplex, a suppliant], n., punishment, execution, torture.
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc., above, over, before, on.
Surēna, ae, m., a general of the Parthians who defeated Crassus in 54 B.C.
suscipiō, see capiō.
suspectus, a, um [orig. part. of suspiciō], adj., mistrusted, suspected.
suspīciō, ōnis [suspiciō, to suspect], f., distrust, suspicion.
sustineō, see teneō.
sustulī, see tollō.
Sutrinī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Sutrium, a city in Etruria in Italy.
suus, a, um [suī], pron. adj., his own, her own, its own, their own; his, her, its, their; as subst., suī, ōrum, pl. m., his (their) friends, followers, soldiers or fellow-citizens.
Symiasera, ae, f., the mother of Heliogabalus.
Syphāx, ācis, m., a king of Numidia.
Syrācūsānī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Syracuse, a Greek city in Sicily.
Syrācūsānus, a, um, adj., belonging to Syracuse; urbs Syrācūsāna, the city of Syracuse.
Syria, ae, f., Syria, a country of Asia, on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
Syriacus, a, um, adj., belonging to Syria, Syrian; Syriacum bellum, Syro-Aetolian war, 192-189 B.C.