CHAPTER II.
In a room of moderate height, panelled in oak, but with broad round-paned windows, stood the Kurfürst Frederic III. near an open writing-table ornamented with inlaid work and richly adorned with appropriate mottoes and allegorical figures. A Dutch stove of coarse German manufacture, representing the world's history from the time of Adam and Eve to that of the Emperor Charles V. and Francis I., offered a solid support to that stout gentleman. Pigavetta bowed deeply and said to the Prince: "I introduce to Your Highness the young artist, whom Your Highness empowered me to invite."
A short, thick-set asthmatic figure stept forward towards the young man. A plate-like ruffle surrounded that part of the body known in other men as the neck, but out of this arose a firm, honest face with a fair beard. The smallish features were enlivened by a pair of clear blue eyes, whose gaze a man willingly met. Honesty, truth, and a clear conscience were all more plainly expressed on the features of this short sturdy man than mental aptitude or quickness of thought.
Near the window stood, attired in a dark Spanish costume, the court physician Thomas Liebler, surnamed Erastus, at that time the most influential man in the Palatinate, whose intervention in church matters was not welcomed by the theologians of the town.
"You are well recommended to me, Master Laurenzano," said the Count Palatine in a kindly tone to the young man, pointing at the same time to plans, accounts, and statements piled up before him. "Master Colins considers you in the light of a second Michel Angelo. You are an artist, sculptor and architect, and your black eyes tell me that you are also a poet."
"He who will build, most gracious Lord," answered the young man in broken German, to the evident amusement of the Prince, "must also be able to draw and chisel. In my own country I should not consider myself an architect, did I not understand both."
"Well spoken, young man, and you shall have an opportunity here of doing both. When I succeeded to the throne, I found empty coffers, and instead of money the newly begun gorgeous structure outside there, which robbed me of my rest by night and day, as I knew not how I could manage to finish it without neglecting something more important. That building was a misfortune for the country. Look out into this open court. The homes of my ancestors resemble old barns, in comparison with this glittering Italian mansion, erected by Count Palatine Otto Heinrich, to whose soul may God grant eternal rest. Who for the future will be contented to live in the Ruprecht castle, or in that of Ludwig V., or here in the new court, when at every turn this magic castle meets his eye?"
Without much respect for the growlings of the old Prince, the young man gazed with unconcealed delight through the open window at the beautiful picture which lay spread before him. The sun-shine streamed into the open court, which resembled an enclosed Piazzetta. Gloomy and low castellated buildings stood in irregular confusion on the South and West sides, but as the fairy castle of some fair dream, rose on the Eastern side, bathed in the rays of the setting sun, the building of Count Otto Heinrich, and the dark blue sky caused the red sand-stone to glow, as if all these pillars, pilasters, consoles, shafts and statues had been carved out of some wondrous precious stone, half ruby, half jasper.
"What a material!" said the young artist in an entranced tone.
"It is the same with this confounded castle," continued the Prince, "as with every unsuitable gift. Once my wife sent a Turkish carpet and embroidered curtains, presented to her by the Woywode, to the chamber where sit the Ladies of the Court. Very soon the old furniture no longer contented these Dames, they wanted Flemish hangings, then new chairs and tables, and finally the new carpet kicked out of the door all the old household goods. So will it soon be with this new castle. My wife already finds the old chapel too gloomy and heavy as compared with the new building. Perhaps you will live to see, that my son instead of worshipping in the House of God used by my ancestors, will build here one of those new heathen temples with gable-ends and cupolas; then the palace of the Emperor Ruprecht will find no grace in the eyes of the grandson and will have to give place to some new edifice, in short this building of my predecessor will suck the marrow out of the country; in regal palaces the Counts Palatine and their wives will dream of kings' crowns, and thus bring misfortune to our Pfalz. For the happiness of this country consisted in that the Princes knew their limits. That is the cause of my hating the building, and were I a conscientious man I would myself quietly set fire to it some night, and let the chiselled casket burn to the very ground."
Pigavetta listened to the outspoken statements made by the German Prince with a sarcastic smile, and then asked with a tinge of irony: "Then the business of this young man will be to pull down the new building?"
"No," replied the Kurfürst, with a severe glance from under his bushy eyebrows at the impudent Italian. "As we have kept our thumbs on our purse-strings, we have come to such a pass as enables us to finish the building, for connoisseurs tell me that something must be done, or the beauteous work will suffer. For this reason has Master Alexander Colins recommended you to me; for he himself has promised our most gracious Sovereign the Emperor, not to undertake any work till he has erected the monument to the Emperor Max at Innsbruck. You have worked under his orders, and will therefore best carry out his designs."
"It will be a high honour for me," modestly answered the young man, "to work at a building, whose façade the immortal Michel Angelo helped to trace, as I am told, and whose sculptures were chiselled by my master, Colins."
"Yes, yes! these sculptures," puffed out the Prince, throwing himself back in an arm-chair. "Yesterday I had a discussion about them with my Council. A beginning must be made with them. The gentlemen tell me plainly that I am placing heathen Deities on my roof, and that the planetary Gods watch me through my windows, and as the severe Olevianus has heard through you, Herr Pigavetta, that the work is to be begun again, they insist on these idols being removed."
"An impudent set," murmured Pigavetta.
"Not so," answered the Kurfürst, "we will have in the Palatinate no watch-dogs around God's house who cannot bark. Even our predecessor caused his monument to be removed from the Holy Ghost, because Deacon Klebitz told him, he could not permit naked figures, together with the wise Virgins of the Gospels cut in marble, in his church. I will not be more obstinate than my noble cousin. The affair was thus," continued he turning towards the architect: "The Theologians in Jena are now very eagerly exposing the errors of Master Philip Melanchthon, and justly complain, that this pious man laid too much importance on Astrology, a heathen and Jewish science as well as a blasphemous inquisitiveness. Both Luther and Master Calvin reproached him for this very reason. Our great Genevese teacher does not hold images in any esteem, and thus the statues of the planets which you see there, are doubly objectionable to my Church Council."
Felice impatiently shrugged his shoulders, and for a moment it seemed as if the wrath of the hot-blooded Neapolitan must explode.
"I do not mean," said the Kurfürst kindly, "that we must remove all the statues. The male deities and ancient heroes below there can possibly disturb no one, and even if the heathen Hercules looks rather remarkable standing between Samson and King David, he has such a kind genial expression that I cannot help every morning being amused at him. He is also a fitting companion to Samson, who holds the jaw-bone of the ass in his right hand, and has the dead lion at his left side, and was himself the Hercules of the people of Israel. Above them you see the five virtues: strength breaking pillars, justice with sword and balance, faith, hope and charity; charity is the best of them, therefore is she placed over the portal. Against these even Olevianus can say nothing. In the third row higher up are the planetary deities: Saturn, wishing to eat up the child. Mars, Venus, Mercury and Diana, the goddess of the moon, but above them all, there where dwells my physician Erastus and his daughter, who has just withdrawn her pretty fair head from the window, is Jupiter and the Sun-God Serapis with his radiant crown. Against these the spiritual gentlemen are especially spiteful."
"I also," said Erastus for the first time joining in the conversation, "am no friend of astrology, and have, as Your Highness knows, written a book against it. That which makes me however especially take offence at the opinion of my colleagues, is the way in which the gentlemen composing the Church Council, go about Your Highness' Land, spying about with a telescope seeking for some ground of complaint. The figures are so high, that they can scarce be plainly seen with the naked eye, and no straightforward Christian knows that they represent sun, moon and planets, from which constellations the deceased Count Palatine traced all the good or evil fortunes of man, and therefore placed his home under their protection. Were it not known, that Master Philip advised the deceased Count in his choice of the figures, it would never have occurred to the theologians to trouble their heads about the matter. Thus they wish to offer a sacrifice to their hatred of images, and render themselves of importance to their brethren in Geneva and Scotland, as they rule over their princely sovereign and introduce their church regimen even in his household."
Master Felix had not only listened to the speaker with sympathy, but had also taken the opportunity to examine more closely the statesman so well known in the Palatinate. He saw a tall stately man of an energetic commanding appearance. Even outwardly the scholar formed a wonderful contrast to the true-hearted, undersized, strong-built Kurfürst, and this contrast would have been entirely in Erastus' favour, had not nature herself spoilt this her masterpiece of mankind. Erastus' right arm hung dead and stiff at his side. He had been thus crippled from birth, and still more remarkable and singular was the fact that the physician's hair was lighter than the swarthy face which it surrounded, so that he resembled a black man turned gray. His friends called him the Moor, his opponents, of whom he had many, the black devil. "The Almighty writes a plain hand," said his enemy Olevianus, if he even saw him from afar. "Yes, yes," replied the more gentle Ursinus, "he has been marked by God."
The Prince heard smilingly his friend's speech, then said good-naturedly: "You are angry with the Church Council, Erastus, because you lay under the ban. I have however always heard Otto Heinrich praised for altering his tomb-stone, when it became a rock of offence, as he did not wish these theological gentlemen to fight over his grave. I will not be behind him in forbearance for weaknesses. Let us take away the figures, Master Felix," turning towards Laurenzano. "Methought we could insert in the empty niches our heraldic quartering, the Lion of the Palatinate." The young Italian crossed himself and murmured something between his teeth which sounded like "Gesummaria." The stout gentleman however continued quite unconcerned. "I meant something in this style, you stick in the first niche the Lion of the Palatinate holding a sword, as protector of the land, in the second the same animal as if reading an open book, as it is very necessary that the inhabitants of the Pfalz should study their Catechism more, which is so richly supplied with arguments taken from Holy Scripture that no sophistry of the papists has been able to prove any error in its contents." Again the catholic artist crossed himself. "In the third niche he might be holding a tumbler as a remembrance of the most noble production of this land." "Dio mio!" shrieked the Italian in dire indignation. "It is all the same to me should Your Highness wish to set fire to the Otto Heinrich Castle, but I will rather hack off my own hand than thus disgrace the creations of Michel Angelo and Colins."
"Respect, young man," said the Kurfürst knitting his brows, "you speak to a Prince."
"Oh! most gracious Prince," said the Italian, "respect for a Prince, when speaking of the realm of the Beautiful. Do you know why I left Rome? The Pope had been told that the naked figures carved on the great Altar in his private chapel shocked all pious women, and the Pope believing this caused all the beautiful bodies in Michel Angelo's great picture to be fitted out with aprons and breeches. The man who gave himself up to this is known to the present day in Italy as il bracatore, the breeches painter. I turned my back at the time in a rage with the Holy city, therefore all the less do I thirst for the fame to be known as the cat-painter of the Palatinate."
"The young man is right," said Erastus. "I warn Your Highness most earnestly not to give way to these theological gentlemen. They begin with the outside wall of the house, as they cannot permit what they term 'a public scandal,' then come the private scandals within the house, and finally they will stick their noses in every pot or kettle as did the gentlemen of the Consistorium at Geneva, so as to prescribe what people should eat or drink. This pretended scandal has no other object. These images are no idols, no one worships them, no one has ever taken offence at them. They stand within the enclosed court of my most gracious Lord, and only Olevianus' parson's love of meddling dictated the unseemly representation on the part of the Church Council, so that he might essay the Church regimen on the sovereign's own household."
"So you will chisel no lions?" asked the Kurfürst turning towards the young man.
"No! mai," was the reply, and the artist seized his hat as if to depart, but a sign from his companion reminded him before whom he stood. With a courtly bow he added: "Master Colins was my teacher, my Lord, were I not a scoundrel to destroy the work of part of his life-time, when even a man like Raphael suffered the pictures by Sodoma to remain in the rooms of the Popes, when he himself could have done so much better, only because he had a regard for the work of a man, from whom he had learnt something?"
Frederic III. shook his head in great displeasure and stepping to the window gazed up at the pediment above bathed in the golden splendor of a setting sun. Now that the upper row of images shone out in the clear golden light, whilst the lower portion of the building lay in a bluish shadow, the planetary Deities looked across so pleasantly at the old gentleman, that a feeling came over him, that his Palatinate Lions would besport themselves in a manner less genial. "This building," sighed he, "will always be a beauteous stranger in my Pfalz, what can I do with a castle that is too beautiful even to bear my coat-of-arms."
Laurenzano had also stept up to the window and once more looked over the rows of images. "The home of this artistic workmanship is not unknown to me," said he. "Master Gherardo Doceno has painted almost the same series, as the frieze of a patrician's house at Florence. The façade is not without serious faults, but it is impossible, even to do away with one of the figures, without sinning against the idea in its entirety. The glory of a princely house is built upon Strength and Heroism. That is shown by the giants and heroes which support the whole. Virtues adorn a princely house, they stand there the chief ornaments in the middle. Above the house rules a higher Power, to whom the members must all look up, this is represented by the Planets and Lights, through whom the Godhead rules the Day and the Night. Does Your Grace think, it would be less of an idolatry should the descendants of this noble House see in the highest place nothing but their own heraldic Lion?"
This last argument which appealed to the religious mind of the Count Palatine, made its impression. The old Prince looked with his big astonished eyes straight at the bold Youth, and it was evident, he had been touched.
"Do it not," now prayed the young artist with the touching fervor of a southerner. "How many works of art have been destroyed in Germany within the last fifty years. You have broken some to pieces because they were popish, others because they were heathen or immoral--what remains besides? In Augsburg I wished to see the pictures of Albrecht Dürer, and was told that they have been dispersed since the Reformation. In Basel I asked about Holbein's pictures of the Saints: they have been whitewashed, was the answer given, so none can worship the idols. Shall this continue, noble Sir? The Churches look sad since robbed of their images, shall the castles of the Great also look as bare? Wherefore have you brought me from Innsbruck, where I was the right hand of the Master, if I am to do him here a deadly injury? Of what use is your sculptor, when you desire no image or allegory?"
"Of what is in Heaven, young Man," said the Prince.
"By the blood of the Saviour," cried the Italian, "shall we paint all our lives long, like Master Lucas Cranach of Weimar, instead of Angels and Saints only the square cut faces of Theologians, or the pumpkin-shaped heads of the Dukes of Saxony?"
"Stop, stop, young Fanatic," laughed the old Prince, "let not my daughter hear what you say about Johann Frederic's beauty. Nevertheless I see by your rudeness, that you are an honest fellow, as it is always said in Germany, that the Italians are all smooth-tongued scoundrels. You have convinced me. We shall leave the Planets where they are, and you, Erastus, shall write to the Church Council, that their Prince also knows what causes offence, and prefers reforming his own house himself; let the gentlemen do the same at home."
At this order the physician smiled in such a contented manner that his white teeth gleamed in contrast to his dark complexion. "Master Felix," added the Prince, "shall have from to-day a front apartment in the Ruprechtsbau, where he can have the new building ever before his eyes, and be able to satisfy himself as to the necessary repairs, for whatever we have inherited from our ancestors be it of much or little value shall remain. You shall however paint in the University building the Palatinate Lion reading the Catechism. Receive our thanks for your intervention," said the Kurfürst turning to Pigavetta, "I am contented with your choice."
As the doors of the audience-chamber closed on the two, Pigavetta clapt his companion on the shoulder, and the foxy smile came once more to his lips. "You did that well, my young friend," said he.
"Did I?" answered Felix, "I little thought about that."
"That is the very blessing attending a good disposition, it anticipates of itself, what the advantage of the Holy Church demands. Observe closely the rule of crossing everywhere the path of the heretics. I have already told you, that nothing must be allowed to take root here. Who wins, who loses, is in itself a matter of indifference to us, so long as none remain fast in the saddle. To-morrow," added he, "there will be long drawn faces in the Church Council, when they receive Erastus' answer, for the learned pedant is not sparing of his pepper and salt. I knew at once that my worthy Olevianus would swallow the bait, when I spoke to him of the splendid opportunity of putting a stop to those abominations. The Court-preacher Boquin will pitch into him finely, and Zuleger the President will say: 'Now we have it.'"
The triumphant Jesuit was about to leave the ante-chamber, when he heard Erastus' voice behind him: "Dr. Pigavetta, His Highness wishes to give you other commands for Speyer." Pigavetta hastened back to the room, whilst Erastus descended the staircase towards the court together with Felix.
"You have rendered to-day an important service to all friends of divine art, to the memory of my gracious master; as well as to myself, young Master, and as thanks I will give you a piece of advice."
"And that is?"
"You are in bad company. How came you to know this so-called surgeon?"
The Artist hesitated for a moment, but double-dealing was not his forte. "I made the acquaintance of the doctor in the College at Venice. He procured an entry into the College of the Sapientia for my brother, and the invitation to Colins, which has brought me here, was also owing to his intervention. I owe him thanks, as you see."
"We have experienced in the University but few proofs of his honesty, and he likes to stick his finger in every pie. That this gentleman is connected with the Society of Jesus, is something new to me. The brothers of Ignatius do not usually indulge in such grandiloquence, as does this remarkable statesman. Were you also brought up in the Collegium?"
"The Laurenzanos are of noble race, but poor. So after the death of our parents the family were talked over into trusting my brother to the care of the Society. I followed him to Venice, where I worked in the atelier of Master Jacopo Sansovino, and the Rector gave me the permission to attend certain lectures which were useful to me. I shall never forget with what care the College instructed me in mathematics, languages, and philosophy, requiring no other return but that I should paint pictures for the Chapel. Nowhere have I seen greater sacrifice, greater diligence in getting out of the pupils, anything that might be in them."
"For the use and benefit of the Pope," said Erastus coldly.
"All our gifts are given to us to honor the Holy Church," rejoined Felix. "Besides you knew me to be a Catholic when you called me here."
"Certainly, Master Felix. We cannot permit Otto Heinrich's statues to be repaired by Ursinus' Bachelors, or the Doctors of the Sapientia, and the Heidelberg artists are so busy with politics and church questions, that soon none will understand his handicraft. Therefore must we turn to the Papists. You will be allowed to carry on the exercises of your faith in your chamber, as you please. How comes it however that your brother Paul fills a protestant pulpit, when inwardly he appears to me as Roman as yourself?"
Felix looked up in surprise at his quick-witted interlocutor. Then composing himself, said: "I have not seen my brother for two years."
Erastus shook his head: "In such a time great changes certainly often take place. I am interested in the young man, yea more, as often as I see him I have compassion on him. He is as handsome as you are, perhaps handsomer, but his expression does not exhibit happiness and contentment of mind. Can I help you, we are now neighbours. I dwell in the 'new building' as the Kurfürst often requires my medical advice. For a lame man my quarters are rather high up between Jupiter and Serapis, and I look down on the heads of all the planets and christian virtues. You have a claim upon me, in that you spared me a daily sight of seven lions' tails. I am also indebted to all Italians. I spent nine years in Bologna and Padua, and experienced much kindness at the hands of your countrymen. Visit me soon; Erastus' advice will be of use to you in this Heidelberg where everything is war and partizanship, since in twenty years the religion has been four times changed."
"Bachmann," he now called out to the old servant, who was leaning against a well-house supported by high pillars, "this gentleman is to have the two rooms near the pages' apartment. Look to it that his property is brought up from the Hirsch." With a friendly shake of the hand he left the young artist who looked after his new patron in wonderment. "Model for a Regulus," he murmured, and then followed the broad-shouldered Bachmann who preceded him jingling his bunch of keys.