SECT. X.—ON CATOCHUS, OR COMA VIGIL.
We have already, in treating of phrenitis, mentioned the formation of this disease, the symptoms whereof in general are the same as those of phrenitis and lethargy, being modified according to the prevailing matter. The peculiar symptoms are these: The patients remain fixedly stretched in a supine posture, having sometimes their countenance somewhat swelled and livid like those in lethargy, and sometimes with a florid redness in it; the upper eyelid seems drawn upwards and projecting, so that they cannot wink. They seem also not to breathe, but to be as dead. The pulse is small, indistinct, and very dense. The discharges from the bowels and bladder are suppressed, or in small quantities. When the attack is moderate, they drink whatever fluid is poured into the mouth; but those who are overpowered by it reject the same by the nose. Those, therefore, in whom the phlegm prevails over the bile, we distinguish from those affected with lethargy by this, that there is no swelling present, nor is the colour livid like lethargics, except to a very small degree; and that they perspire moderately. The cases are dangerous in which there is much watchfulness, the urine is suppressed, the difficulty of breathing is intense, when they have sweats, and the drink regurgitates by the nose. If it be a woman that is affected, the complaint may be distinguished from uterine suffocation by the circumstance that she lies in a natural state, is sensible when spoken to, can be roused, but sinks again into a state of sopor. Some say that catochus is a different complaint from the coma vigil, for that it has not a compound, but a simple cause; namely, a cold and dry matter which obstructs the posterior ventricles of the brain, and occasions the disease; in which case, the patient being suddenly seized with it, remains in the same posture as when taken with it, that is to say, standing or lying, with his eyes open or shut. The ancients, therefore, called such patients catochi, which signifies detained, but the moderns call the complaint catoche and catalepsy. The cure resembles that which is already described, but is to be varied according to the difference of the symptoms.
The cure of catochus. Wherefore we must have recourse to venesection, more especially when the face is ruddy, or if the strength does not contra-indicate, we must use clysters, sometimes stimulant, when phlegm prevails; and sometimes emollient when bile prevails. In like manner we are to apply other remedies, and give food sometimes every day, and sometimes only every alternate one. The affection is very dangerous when produced by an error of the food or drink, in which case the patient is to be made to vomit without delay, and kept upon a restricted diet; and the bowels are to be stimulated, and an embrocation with cumin or rue applied to the belly. They who have been seized with the complaint from intoxication, after their surfeit has passed off, must be cured by using a more liquid diet, such as the juice of ptisan. And the head is to be smeared with suitable ointments, which, if in summer, may be cold, but tepid, if in winter. If the surfeit do not pass off, nor the patient recover his senses, it will be time to give up the case as hopeless, and pack off.
Commentary. Most of the authors referred to in [the preceding Section] may be consulted on catochus, or catalepsy. It is called by the Arabians subet alsari. On the characters of the pulse in catochus, see Galen (de Causis Puls. iv, 16.) Nonnus and other authorities remark that it is accompanied with fever. Their general treatment consists of venesection; clysters of the decoctions of rue and cumin, with nitre and honey; epithemes applied to the belly; and fomentations of water and oil to the head. Haly says that the disease arises from a collection of phlegm on the brain; from pressure in cases of fracture of the skull; or from the projection of the internal plate of the cranium. His treatment is judiciously modified according to the nature of the exciting cause. He approves of sinapisms to the head, friction of the feet, and so forth. Alsaharavius recommends venesection when the exciting cause is a bilious humour, but forbids it when the disease arises from a collection of phlegm. His treatment is judicious, but not much different from our author’s. (Pract. i, 2, 13.) Rhases’ general remedies are clysters, purgatives, restricted diet, and, if indicated, bleeding at the arm or ancles.
Cælius Aurelianus describes the disease with his usual accuracy. He says it occurs in cases of continual, intermittent, and ephemeral fevers. The symptoms, as detailed by him, are acute fever, loss of speech, dulness of the senses, pulse large, strong, and full, and the eyes fixed. With regard to his treatment, he says nothing of venesection, but approves of fomentations to the head of sweet tepid oil; and mentions common clysters, cataplasms to the loins, in order to relieve the retention of urine; shaving the head, and applying cupping-instruments to it, scarifications along the occiput, baths, fomentations of oil, &c. He disapproves of the practice of Chrysippus and Themison, who recommended stimulant ointments to the head, shaving the head, and applying sinapisms to it with sternutatories and acrid clysters.