Transcriber's Notes
The following changes have been made to the text as printed.
1. Illustrations and footnotes have been located in appropriate paragraph breaks.
2. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
3. Where a word is used repeatedly in the same way, hyphenation has been made consistent, preferring the form most often used in the printed work, or failing that the more usual form in general use at the time of publication. No typographical change has been made within direct quotes from other works.
4. [Page 8]: "Vasco de Gama" has been changed to "Vasco da Gama".