Notes:

[ 1] Vernacular for carrying a load upon the back of a man or animal.

[2] In Mexico, General Twiggs, while applying some preparation to a wound in his head, found it restoring his hair to its natural color. An enterprising nostrum-vender at once placed in market and advertised largely something which he styled the "Twiggs Hair Dye." Dr. Holmes makes the incident a target for one of his Parthian arrows:—

"How many a youthful head we've seen put on its silver crown!
What sudden changes back again, to youth's empurpled brown!
But how to tell what's old or young—the tap-root from the sprigs,
Since Florida revealed her fount to Ponce de Leon Twiggs?"

[ 3] Creole means "native;" but its New Orleans application is only to persons of French or Spanish descent.

[ 4] He never weighed over ninety-six pounds, and, to see his attenuated figure bent over his desk, the shoulders contracted, and the shape of his slender limbs visible through his garments, a stranger would select him as the John Randolph of our time. He has the appearance of having undergone great bodily anguish.—Newspaper Biography of Alexander H. Stephens.

[ 5 ] By the last census report, the whole number of escaping fugitives in the United States, in the year 1860, was eight hundred and three, being a trifle over one-fiftieth of one per cent. upon the whole number of slaves. Of these, it is probable that the greater part fled to places of refuge in the South, the Dismal Swamp, everglades of Florida, southern mountain regions, and the northern States of Mexico.—Everett's New York Oration, July 4, 1861.

[ 6] Dixie's Land is a synonym for heaven. It appears that there was once a good planter named Dixie, who died at some period unknown, to the intense grief of his animated property. They found expression for their sorrow in song, and consoled themselves by clamoring in verse for their removal to the land to which Dixie had departed, and where probably the renewed spirit would be greatly surprised to find himself in their company. Whether they were ill treated after he died, and thus had reason to deplore his removal, or merely desired heaven in the abstract, nothing known enables me to assert. But Dixie's Land is now generally taken to be the Seceded States, where Mr. Dixie certainly is not at the present writing.—Russell's Diary in America.

[ 7] This gentleman went to Charleston openly for The Times, and constantly insisted that a candid and truthful correspondent of any northern paper could travel through the South without serious difficulty. He was daily declaring that the devil was not so black as he is painted, denying charges brought against Charlestonians by the northern press, and sometimes evidently straining a point in his own convictions to say a kind word for them. But, during the storming of Sumter, he was suddenly arrested, robbed, and imprisoned in a filthy cell for several days. He was at last permitted to go; but the mob had become excited against him, and with difficulty he escaped with his life. No other correspondent was subjected to such gross indignities. "Jasper" reached Washington, having obtained a good deal of new and valuable information about South Carolina character.

[ 8] Of course the folly was not all on one side. Few northerners, up to the attack on Sumter, thought the Rebels would do any thing but threaten. And long after this error was exploded, our ablest journals were fond of contrasting the resources of the two sections, and demonstrating therefrom, with mathematical precision, that the war could not last long; that the superiority of the North in men and money would make the subjugation of the South a short and easy task. But they did not commit the egregious blunder of imputing cowardice to any class of native-born Americans.

[ 9] Now (April, 1865), while we are witnessing some of the closing scenes of the war, subscriptions to the popular loan of the Government come pouring in from the West more largely, according to wealth and population, than from any other section.

[10] From the Spanish corral, a yard. Upon our frontier it is used, colloquially, as a verb, to signify surrounded, captured, completely in the power, or at the mercy, of another.

[ 11] Through severest trials, and cruel neglect from our Government, they never swerved a hair's-breadth. Before our troops opened East Tennessee, enough left their homes, coming stealthily through the mountains and enlisting in the Union army, to make sixteen regiments.

[ 12] The leniency of the Government toward these men was remarkable. For many months after the war began, Breckinridge, in the United States Senate, and Burnett, in the House of Representatives, uttered defiant treason, for which they were not only pardoned, but paid by the Government they were attempting to overthrow. As late as August, 1861, after Bull Run, after Wilson Creek, Buckner visited Washington, was allowed to inspect the fortifications, and went almost directly thence to Richmond. When he next returned to Kentucky, it was at the head of an invading Rebel army.

[ 13] So called, though nearly all its members came from Cincinnati.

[ 14] This officer was a native Missourian, deemed trustworthy, and thoroughly familiar with the country. He reported officially to Fremont that the whole Rebel army was within eleven miles of us, when it was really fifty miles away. Then, indeed, much later in the war, accurate information about the enemy seemed absolutely unattainable. Scott, McClellan, Halleck, Grant, all failed to procure it. Rosecrans was the first general who kept himself thoroughly advised of the whereabouts, strength, and designs of the Rebels.

[ 15 ] Commander, not of the tug, whose captain was killed, but of the soldiers guarding it and the barges.

[16 ] A species of Southern oak.

[ 17 ] Our Government, upon learning of this, ordered the commandant at Fortress Monroe, the moment he should learn, officially or otherwise, that Sawyer and Flynn had been executed, to shoot in retaliation two Rebel officers—sons of Generals Lee and Winder. On the reception of this news in the Richmond papers at daylight one morning, the prisoners cheered and shouted with delight. As they supposed, that settled the question. Nothing more was heard about executing our officers; and soon after, Sawyer and Flynn were exchanged, months before their less fortunate comrades.

[ 18 ] Captain Thomas, in the character of a French lady, took passage on the steamer at Baltimore, with several followers disguised as mechanics. Near Point Lookout they overpowered the crew and captured the vessel, converting her into a privateer. Afterward, while attempting to repeat the enterprise, they were made prisoners.

[ 19] Nameless no more. The substantial closing of the war, while these pages are in press, renders it safe to give her name—Miss Melvina Stevens.

[ 20 ] Knoxville, Tennessee, January 13, 1865.

"Out of the jaws of Death; out of the mouth of Hell."

Albert D. Richardson.
Tribune, January 14, 1865.

Transcriber's Notes [To top]

Spelling has not been modernized, and inconsistent hyphenation is as in the original.

Two illustrations have been added to the List of Illustrations on page 5.

The cover image was created by the transcriber and is dedicated to the public domain.

Apparent printer's errors have been corrected. The following table lists changes made by the transcribers.

Page	As printed	Changed to
9	People	People.
10	Freedom.	Freedom.—
29	'	"
46	interesting	interesting.
49	sieze	seize
50	gentleman	gentlemen
82	Sargeant	Seargeant
110	reply	reply.
110	'	"
123	Tribune?	Tribune?"
171	Gu rie	Guthrie
211	Parlia-liament	Parliament
223	IIer	Her
228	feels	Feels
230	care lessly	carelessly
238	briddle	bridle
240	shubbery	shrubbery
267	whose	Whose
267	satis faction	satisfaction
280	have'nt	haven't
300	'	"
311	Douglass	Douglas
312	Douglass	Douglas
313	Douglass	Douglas
314	Douglass	Douglas
336	cortége	cortège
370	Gaurds	Guards
375	attraced	attracted
378	curreny	currency
501	suposed	supposed