The Life of John Marshall, Volume 4: The building of the nation, 1815-1835

by Albert J. Beveridge

GENERAL INDEX

Abel, Anne H., monograph on Indian consolidation, 4, [541 n.]
Adair, John, and Burr Conspiracy, 3, [291], [292], [314];
career, [292 n.], [336 n.];
Wilkinson's letter to, [314], [336];
arrested by Wilkinson, [335], [336], [337 n.];
suit against Wilkinson, [336 n.];
brought to Baltimore, released, [344];
statement, [488 n.];
and Green vs. Biddle, 4, [381].
Adams, Abijah, trial, 3, [44-46].
Adams, Henry, on M. in Jonathan Robins case, 2, [458];
on Pickering impeachment, 3, [143];
on isolation of Burr, [280];
on Burr and Merry, [289];
on American law of treason, [401 n.];
on impressment, 4, [8 n.];
on causes of War of 1812, [29 n.]
Adams, John, on drinking, 1, [23 n.];
library, [25];
on Philadelphia campaign, [102];
belittles Washington (1778), [123 n.];
story of expected kingship, [291];
on American and French revolutions, 2, [2 n.];
and title for President, [36];
on Hamilton's financial genius, [61 n.];
and policy of neutrality, [92];
M. on, [214];
on M., [218];
address to Congress on French affairs (1797), French demand of withdrawal of it, [225], [226], [316];
appointment of X. Y. Z. Mission, [226-29];
and X. Y. Z. dispatches, [336], [338];
offers M. Associate Justiceship, [347], [378], [379];
Federalist toast to, [349 n.];
statement of French policy (1798), [351];
and M.'s journal of mission, [366];
M. on foreign policy, [403];
and prosecutions under Sedition Law, [421];
reopening of French negotiations, political result, [422-28];
pardons Fries insurrectionists, political effect, [429-31], 3, [36];
absence from Capital, 2, [431], [493];
address to Congress (1799), [433];
M.'s reply of House, [433-36];
Jonathan Robins case, [458-75];
disruption of Cabinet, [485-88];
temperament contrasted with Washington's, [486], [488];
appointment of M. as Secretary of State, [486], [489-93];
Republican comment on reorganized Cabinet, [491], [494];
pardon of Williams, [495];
and Bowles in Florida, [497];
and British debts dispute, [503], [505];
and possible failure of new French negotiations, [522];
M. writes address to Congress (1800), [530], [531];
eulogy by Washington Federalist, [532 n.];
and enlargement of Federal Judiciary, [547];
and Chief Justiceship, appointment of M., [552-54], [558];
continues M. as Secretary of State, [558];
midnight appointments, [559-62], 3, [57], [110];
magnanimous appointment of Wolcott, 2, [559], [560];
Jefferson and midnight appointments, 3, [21];
Republican seditious utterances, [30], [33], [37], [42 n.];
and subpœna, [33], [86];
and partisan appointments, [81];
on Bayard's Judiciary speech (1802), [82];
on John Randolph, [171];
and Chase, [211 n.];
and M's biography of Washington, [257];
on his situation as President, [258 n.];
biography of Washington on, [263 n.];
on Embargo controversy, 4, [15];
on banking mania, [176], [178];
in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention (1820), [471].
See also Elections (1800).
Adams, John Q., Publicola papers, 2, [15-19];
on vandalism of French Revolution, [32 n.];
on American support of French Revolution, [39];
on economic division on policy of neutrality, [97 n.];
on dangers of war with England (1795), [110 n.], [112 n.];
on necessity of neutrality, [119 n.];
Minister to Prussia, [229 n.];
on France and American politics, [279 n.];
on Washington streets (1818), 3, [5];
on Federalist defeat, [12];
on impeachment plans (1804), [157-60], [173];
on impeachment of Pickering, [166], [167];
on articles of impeachment against Chase, [172];
on Chase trial, [190 n., 191 n.];
on Randolph's speech at trial, [216 n.];
votes to acquit Chase, [218];
on Burr's farewell address, [274 n.];
on Wilkinson, [341 n.];
on Eaton's story on Burr, [345];
on Swartwout and Bollmann trial, [346];
report on Burr conspiracy and trial, [541-44];
report and courtship of administration, [541 n.];
later support of M., [542 n.];
on Giles's speech on report, [544];
and Yazoo claims, attorney in Fletcher vs. Peck, [582], [585], [586];
and Justiceship, 4, [110];
on crisis of 1819, [205];
M. and election of 1828, [462-65];
on Georgia-Cherokee controversy, [543].
Adams, Mrs. John Q., drawing room, 4, [461].
Adams, Samuel, and Ratification, 1, [348].
Adams, Thomas, sedition, 3, [44].
Addison, Alexander, charge on Sedition Act, 2, [385 n.];
and British precedents, 3, [28 n.];
as judge, denounces Republicans, [46];
on the stump, [47];
on declaring acts void, [117];
impeachment, [164].
Admiralty, M. on unfairness of British courts, 2, [511], [512];
Story as authority, 4, [119];
jurisdiction in Territories, [142-44].
See also International law; Prize.
Adventure and Her Cargo case, 4, [119].
Agriculture, M. on French (1797), 2, [267];
M.'s interest, 4, [63].
Albany Plan, 1, [9 n.]
Alexander, James, and Burr conspiracy, arrested, 3, [334];
freed, [343].
Alexandria, Va., tribute to M., 4, [592].
Alexandria Advertiser, campaign virulence (1800), 2, [529 n.]
Alien and Sedition Acts, fatality, 2, [361];
provisions, [381];
Hamilton on danger in, [382];
Federalist attempts to defend, [382];
Republican assaults, unconstitutionality, [383];
Washington's defense, [384], [385];
Addison's charge, [385];
M.'s views of expediency, [386], [388], [389], [577];
Federalists and M.'s views, [389-94], [406];
M. on motives of Virginia Republicans, [394], [407];
Jefferson's plan of attack, [397], [399];
Kentucky Resolutions, [397-99];
Virginia Resolutions, [399], [400];
Madison's address of Virginia Legislature, [400], [401];
M.'s address of the minority of the Legislature, [402-06];
M. on constitutionality, [404];
Virginia military measures, [406], [408];
prosecutions, conduct of Federalist judges, [420], [421], 3, [29-43], [86], [189-96], [202-05], [214];
repeal of section, M.'s vote, 2, [451];
as issue (1800), [520], [521];
State trials, 3, [43-47];
resulting issues, [47-49];
M.'s position quoted by Republicans, [106].
Allbright, Jacob, testimony in Burr trial, 3, [425-27], [465], [488].
Allegiance. See Expatriation; Naturalization.
Allen, Nathaniel, Granville heirs case, 4, [154].
Alston, Aaron Burr, death, 3, [538 n.]
Alston, Joseph, at trial of Burr, 3, [479], [481].
Alston, Theodosia (Burr), and trial of father, 3, [381], [479];
death, [538 n.]
Ambler, Edward, courtship, 1, [150 n.];
country place, [164 n.]
Ambler, Eliza, on Arnold's invasion, 1, [144 n.]
See also Carrington, Eliza.
Ambler, Jacquelin, career, 1, [149], [160];
and M., [170];
and M.'s election to Council of State, [209 n.];
M.'s neighbor, 2, [172].
Ambler, John, wealth, 1, [166];
marries M.'s sister, [166 n.];
grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Ambler, Mary Willis, family, 1, [148-50];
meeting with M., [151], [152];
courtship, [153], [159], [160], [163];
marriage, [165], [166].
See also Marshall, Mary W.
Ambler, Richard, immigrant, 1, [165].
Amelia case, 3, [16], [17].
Amendment of constitutions, M.'s idea, 1, [216].
Amendment of Federal Constitution, demand for previous, 1, [245], [405], [412], [418], [423], [428];
expected, [251];
proposed by Massachusetts, [348];
Randolph's support of recommendatory, [377], [378];
method, in Ratification debate, [389];
Virginia contest over recommendatory, [468-75];
character of Virginia recommendations, [477];
history of first ten amendments, 2, [57-59];
Eleventh, [84 n.], 3, [554], 4, [354], [385], [387-91];
proposals caused by Jay Treaty, 2, [141-43];
Twelfth, [533 n.];
proposed, on removal of judges, 3, [167], [221], [389];
proposed, for recall of Senators, 3, [221];
proposed, to restrict appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court, 4, [323], [325], [371], [378];
proposed, to limit judicial tenure, [517 n.]
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, M.'s membership, 4, [89].
American Colonization Society, M. and, 4, [473-76].
American Insurance Co. vs. Canter, right of annexation, territorial government, 3, [148 n.], 4, [142-44].
American Philosophical Society, M.'s membership, 4, [89].
American Revolution, influence of Bacon's Rebellion and Braddock's defeat, 1, [6], [9];
Virginia and Stamp Act, [61-65];
Virginia Resolutions for Arming and Defense (1775), [65], [66];
preparation in back-country Virginia, [69-74];
Dunmore's Norfolk raid, battle of Great Bridge, [74-79];
condition of the army, militia, [80-88], [92];
effect of State sovereignty, [82], [88-90], [100], [146];
Brandywine campaign, [92-98];
campaign before Philadelphia, [98-102];
Germantown, [102-04];
desperate state, [104], [105];
final movements before Philadelphia, [105-07];
efforts to get Washington to abandon cause, [105], [130], [131];
Philadelphia during British occupation, [108-10];
Valley Forge, [110-20], [131];
treatment of prisoners, [115];
Washington as sole dependence, [121], [124];
Conway Cabal, [121-23];
Washington and weakness of Congress, [124-26], [131];
Jefferson accused of shirking, [126-30];
French alliance, relaxing effect, [133], [138], [143];
Monmouth campaign, [134-38];
Stony Point, [138-42];
Pawles Hook, [142];
Arnold in Virginia, Jefferson's conduct, [143];
depreciated currency and prices, [167-69];
influence on France, 2, [1];
M.'s biography of Washington on, 3, [244], [245], [253-56].
See also Continental Congress.
Ames, Fisher, on democratic societies, 2, [40];
on contest over funding, [61 n.];
on contest over National Capital, [63 n.];
on lack of national feeling, [67], [74];
on Republican discipline, [81];
on British-debts cases, [83 n.];
on crisis with England (1794), [109];
on Giles, [129];
and M. (1796), [198], [199];
on effect of X. Y. Z. dispatches, [341];
attack on M.'s views of Alien and Sedition Acts, [390];
on reopening of French negotiations, [423], [426-28];
on Adams's temperament, [489 n.];
on Adams's advances to Republicans (1800), [519];
on advance of Republicans, [519];
on attack on standing army, [520 n.];
on character of parties, [521 n.];
opposition to Adams, [527];
on campaign virulence of newspapers, [530];
on resumption of European war, 3, [14];
on Jefferson and Judiciary, [53];
and secession, [53 n.], [97], [98 n.];
on repeal of Judiciary Act, [94];
on Louisiana Purchase, [150];
on Chase impeachment, [174];
on Yazoo lands, [568];
as British partisan, 4, [5];
and M.'s logic, [85].
Ames, Nathaniel, attack on Washington, 2, [117 n.]
Amory, Rufus G., practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.]
Amsterdam, decline of trade (1797), 2, [233].
Amusements, in colonial Virginia, 1, [22];
of period of Confederation, [283];
M.'s diversions, 2, [182-85], 4, [66], [76-80].
Anarchy, spirit, 1, [275], [284], [285], [289];
as spirit of Shays's Rebellion, [299], [300];
Jefferson's defense, [302-04].
See also Government.
Ancestry, M.'s, 1, [9-18].
Anderson, John E., pamphlet on Yazoo lands, 3, [573 n.]
Anderson, Joseph, of Smith committee, 3, [541 n.]
Anderson, Richard, and Mary Ambler, 1, [164].
André, John, in Philadelphia society, 1, [110].
Andrews, ——, and Jay Treaty, 2, [132].
Andrews, Robert, professor at William and Mary, 1, [155 n.]
Annapolis Convention, and commercial regulation, 4, [422].
Annexation, constitutionality, 3, [147], 4, [143].
Antelope case, 4, [476].
Antwerp, trade (1797), 2, [233];
M. on conditions, [246], [247].
Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court over State acts, 4, [156-67], [347-57];
proposed measures to restrict or repeal, [323], [325], [371], [379], [380], [514-17].
See also Declaring acts void; Supreme Court.
Aristocracy, of colonial Virginia, 1, [25-27];
after the Revolution, [277].
Armed Neutrality, M.'s biography of Washington on, 3, [255].
Armstrong, John, and Pickering impeachment, 3, [168 n.];
and St. Cloud Decree, 4, [37].
Army, condition of Revolutionary, 1, [80-86], [92];
sickness, [86], [116];
discipline, [87], [120];
lack of training, [88 n.];
lack of equipment, [97], [99];
at Valley Forge, [110-20], [131], [132];
improved commissary, [133];
Steuben's instruction, [133];
size (1778), [138 n.];
light infantry, [139 n.];
arguments during Ratification on standing, [334], [342], [346], [389], [435], [477];
Washington commands (1798), 2, [357], 3, [258 n.];
M. and officers for, 2, [420];
debate on reduction (1800), [436], [439], [476-81];
as issue (1800), [520].
See also Preparedness.
Arnold, Benedict, invasion of Virginia, 1, [143];
M.'s biography of Washington on, 3, [255].
Assumption of State debts, contest, 2, [61-64];
opposition in Virginia, [62], [65-69];
question of constitutionality, [66];
political results, [82].
Atalanta case, 4, [142 n.]
Athletics, M.'s prowess, 1, [73], [118], [132].
Attainder, Philips case, 1, [393], [398], [411].
Attorney-General, M. declines office, 2, [122], [123];
Henry declines, [125];
Breckenridge as, 3, [58 n.];
Wirt as, 4, [239].
Augereau, Pierre F. C., and 18th Fructidor, 2, [246 n.]
Augusta Chronicle, on Yazoo frauds, 3, [561].
Aurora, abuse of Washington, 2, [162], [163];
on M.'s appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, [218], [219];
and X. Y. Z. dispatches, [337], [338];
on M.'s reception, [345], [351];
on Addison's charge on Sedition Act, [385 n.];
Curtius letters on M., [395], [396];
on pardon of Fries, [430 n.];
on M. and powers of territorial Governor, [446 n.];
and Disputed Elections Bill, [454];
on Jonathan Robins case, [460], [471-73];
on M.'s appointment as Secretary of State, [489-91];
on the reorganized Cabinet, [491];
attack on Pickering, [491 n.];
on new French negotiations, [522 n.];
campaign virulence (1800), [529 n.];
on Mazzei letter, [538 n.];
on Judiciary Bill, [549 n.], [555], [561 n.];
on M.'s appointment as Chief Justice, [556];
on Judiciary, 3, [159 n.];
attack on M. during Burr trial, [532-35].
Austen, Jane, M. as reader, 4, [79].
Babcock, Kendric C., on Federalists and War of 1812, 4, [48 n.]
Bache, Benjamin F., attacks on Washington, 2, [93 n.]
See also Aurora.
Bacon, John, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [43];
in Judiciary debate (1802), [91].
Bacon's Rebellion, influence, 1, [6].
Bailey, Theodorus, resigns from Senate, 3, [121 n.]
Baily, Francis, on hardships of travel, 1, [264 n.].
Baker, John, Hite vs. Fairfax, 1, [191], [193];
Ware vs. Hylton, 2, [188];
counsel for Burr, 3, [407].
Balaou. See Exchange.
Baldwin, ——, sedition trial, 3, [42 n.]
Baldwin, ——, and Missouri question, 4, [325].
Baldwin, Abraham, and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129].
Baldwin, Henry, practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.];
appointment to the Supreme Court, [510];
and M., [582];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583];
escort to M.'s body, [588].
Ball, Burgess, on M. at Valley Forge, 1, [120].
Baltimore, in 1794, 1, [263];
and policy of neutrality, 2, [94 n.];
proposed removal of Federal Capital to, 3, [8];
public tumult over Burr trial, [529], [535-40].
Baltimore Marylander, on M. and election of 1828, 4, [463].
Bancroft, George, on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [270];
on M., 4, [90].
Bangs, Edward, on Ratification contest, 1, [341].
Bank of the United States, first, Jefferson and Hamilton on constitutionality, 2, [71-74];
hostility in Virginia, [84];
Virginia branch, [141];
M.'s investment, [199], [200];
as monopoly, 3, [336], [338];
success, 4, [171];
continued opposition, [171-73];
failure of recharter, machinations of State banks, [173-76].
Bank of the United States, second, charter, 4, [179], [180];
and Localism, [191];
early mismanagement, [196];
its demands on State banks and reforms force crisis, [197-99];
early popular hostility, blamed for economic conditions, [198], [199], [206], [312];
movement to destroy through State taxation, [206-08];
attempt to repeal charter (1819), [288], [289];
Bonus Bill, [417], [418];
success and continued hostility to, [528], [529];
Mason affair, [529];
Jackson's war on, veto of recharter, [529-33];
Biddle's conduct, [529 n.];
as monopoly, [531];
as issue in 1832, [532 n.], [533];
M. on Jackson's war, [533], [535];
Jackson's withdrawal of deposits, [535].
See also next title, and M'Culloch vs. Maryland; Osborn vs. Bank.
Bank of the United States vs. Dandridge, 4, [482], [483].
Bank of Virginia, M. and, 2, [174];
political power, 4, [174];
refuses to redeem notes, [194].
Banking, effects of chaos (1818), 4, [170], [171];

mania for State banks, their character and issues, [176-79], [181], [188];
and war finances, [177], [179];
and speculation, [181-84];
frauds, [184], [185];
resulting suits, [185], [198];
lack of regulation, [186];
private, [192];
depreciation of notes, no specie redemption, [192-95];
counterfeits, [195];
Bank of the United States forces crisis, [197-99];
distress, [204-06].
See also preceding titles.
Bankruptcy, M. and National act, 2, [481], [482];
lax State laws and fraud, 4, [200-03].
See also Ogden vs. Saunders; Sturges vs. Crowninshield.
Bannister, John, resigns from Council of State, 1, [209].
Barbary Powers, M. and protection from, 2, [499];
general tribute to, [499 n.];
Eaton and war, 3, [302 n., 303 n.]
Barbecue Club. See Quoit Club.
Barbour, James, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.];
counsel in Cohens vs. Virginia, 4, [346];
on Missouri question, [341].
Barbour, Philip P., in debate on Supreme Court, 4, [395];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484];
in debate on State Judiciary, [494];
in debate on suffrage, [502 n.];
appointment to Supreme Court, [584 n.]
Barlow, Joel, seditious utterances, 3, [30];
to write Republican history of the United States, [228], [229], [265], [266];
and Decree of St. Cloud, 4, [36], [50].
Barrett, Nathaniel, and Ratification, 1, [342], [349].
Barron, James, Chesapeake-Leopard affair, 3, [475].
Bartlett, Ichabod, counsel in Dartmouth College case, 4, [234].
Bassett, Richard, and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129].
Bastrop lands. See Washita.
Batture litigation, 4, [100-16].
Bayard, James A., on hardships of travel, 1, [260];
on French Revolution, 2, [32 n.];
and Jonathan Robins case, [460];
on Adams's temperament, [488 n.];
opposition to Adams, [517 n.];
on Jefferson-Burr contest, [536], [545 n.], [546 n.];
on Washington (1804), 3, [5 n.];
on Federalists and Judiciary debate (1802), [71];
in debate, [72], [79-83];
appearance, [78];
on bill on sessions of Supreme Court, [95], [96];
on test of repeal of Judiciary Act, [123 n.];
on Jefferson and impeachment plan, [160];
on Chase impeachment, [173];
and Chase trial, [185 n.];
and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), [347];
on J. Q. Adams's Burr Conspiracy report, [544].
Bayard vs. Singleton, 3, [611].
Bayly, Thomas M., on M., 4, [489 n.]
Beard, Charles A., on character of Framers, 1, [255 n.]
Beaumarchais, Pierre A. Caron de, mortgage on M.'s land, 2, [173];
American debt to, and X. Y. Z. Mission, [292-94], [310], [314 n.], [317-20], [332], [366 n.];
history of debt, [292 n.]
Bedford, Gunning, Jr., in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 3, [115 n.]
Bee, Thomas, Jonathan Robins case, 2, [458].
Beer Co. vs. Massachusetts, 4, [279 n.]
Begon, Dennis M., Exchange case, 4, [122].
Belknap, Morris P., testimony in Burr trial, 3, [490].
Bell, Samuel, and Dartmouth College case, 4, [234], [253 n.]
Bellamy, ——, as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [261-67], [272], [278], [293], [294].
Bellamy, Joseph, and Wheelock, 4, [227].
Belligerency, of revolting provinces, 4, [126-28].
Bellini, Charles, professor at William and Mary, 1, [155 n.]
Bentham, Jeremy, and Burr, 3, [537 n.]
Benton, Thomas H., duelist, 3, [278 n.];
counsel in Craig vs. Missouri, 4, [512].
Berkeley, Sir William, M. on, 3, [242 n.]
Berlin Decree, 4, [6 n.]
Berrien, John M., practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.]
Beverly, Munford, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Biddeford, Me., and Ratification, 1, [340].
Biddle, Nicholas, management of the Bank, 4, [529];
conduct, [529 n.]
Biddle, Richard. See Green vs. Biddle.
Bill of Rights, and Virginia's extradition act (1784), 1, [238-41];
and National Government, [239];
contest over lack of Federal, [334], [439];
first ten Federal amendments, 2, [57-59].
See also Government.
Bingham, William, wealth, 2, [202 n.]
Binghamton Bridge case, 4, [280 n.]
Biography of Washington, M. undertakes, financial motive, 2, [211 n.], 3, [223], [224];
importance in life of M., [223];
estimate of financial return, negotiations with publishers, [224-27];
agreement, [227], [228];
delay in beginning, [227], [235];
M.'s desire for anonymity, [228], [236], [237];
Jefferson's plan to offset, [228], [229], [265], [266];
solicitation of subscriptions, postmasters as agents, [230], [234];
Weems as agent, popular distrust, [230-34], [252];
small subscription, [235];
list of subscribers, [235 n.];
financial problem, change in contract, [236], [250], [251];
problems of composition, delay and prolixity, [236-39], [241], [246-49], [251];
publication of first two volumes, [239];
M. and praise and criticism, [240], [241], [245-47], [271];
revised edition, [241], [247], [247 n.], [272];
character of first volumes, [242-45], [249];
royalty, [247], [251];
mistake in plan, compression of vital formative years, [249], [250], [258];
volumes on American Revolution, [253-56];
without political effect, [256], [257];
character of final volume (1783-99), [257-65];
Federalists on last volume, [265];
Jefferson on biography, [265-69];
other criticism, [269-71];
edition for school-children, [273 n.]
Bishop, Abraham, pamphlet on Yazoo lands, 3, [570].
Bissel, Daniel, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [361], [462].
Black, George, practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.]
Blackstone, Sir William, M. and Commentaries, 1, [56].
Blackwood's Magazine, on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [271].
Blain, ——, and Attorney-Generalship, 2, [132].
Blair, John, Commonwealth vs. Caton, 3, [611].
Blair, John D., at Barbecue Club, 2, [183].
Bland, Theodoric, on Randolph's apostasy (1788), 1, [378].
Blennerhassett, Harman, beginning of Burr's connection, 3, [291];
joins enterprise, [301], [310], [313];
newspaper letters, [311];
island as center, gathering there, [324], [425-27], [484], [488-91];
attack by militia, flight, [325];
joins Burr, [361];
indicted for treason, [465];
on Martin's intemperance, [501 n.];
attempt to seduce, [514];
nolle prosequi, [515], [524];
on Wilkinson at trial, [523 n.];
on Jefferson's hatred of M., [525];
commitment for trial in Ohio, [527];
on M., [528], [531];
and Baltimore mob, [538];
Wirt's speech on, [616-18].
See also Burr Conspiracy.
Blennerhassett, Mrs. Harman, warns Burr, 3, [316].
Blockade, M.'s protest on paper, 2, [511].
Blomfield, Samuel, 1, [23 n.]
Bloomington, Ohio, bank (1820), 4, [192 n.]
Boarding-houses at Washington (1801), 3, [2], [7].
Bollmann, Justus E., takes Burr's letter to Wilkinson, 3, [307];
career, [307 n.]
arrested, [332], [334];
brought to Washington, [343];
held for trial, [344-46];
discharged by Supreme Court, [346-57];
interview with Jefferson, Jefferson's violation of faith, [391], [392];
question of evidence and pardon, [392], [430], [431], [450-54];
not indicted, [466 n.]
Bonus Bill, Madison's veto, 4, [418];
further attempt, [419].
Boone, Daniel, and British debts, 1, [229 n.]
Boston, Jacobin enthusiasm, 2, [35], [36];
protest on Jay Treaty, [115], [116];
Yazoo land speculation, 3, [567].
Boston Columbian Centinel. See Columbian Centinel.
Boston Commercial Gazette, on obligation of contracts, 3, [558].
Boston Daily Advertiser, on Dartmouth College case, 4, [254 n.], [255 n.]
Boston Gazette, on bribery in Ratification, 1, [353 n.];
on French Revolution, 2, [5].
Boston Gazette-Commercial and Political, on Republican Party (1799), 3, [12].
Boston Independent Chronicle, on the Cincinnati, 1, [293];
on Publicola papers, 2, [19];
seditious utterances, 3, [43-46];
on repeal of Judiciary Act, [94], [99];
on Marbury vs. Madison and impeachment, [112 n., 113 n.]
Boston Palladium, on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [93];
threatens secession, [97].
Botetourt, Lord, fate of Virginia statue, 2, [35].
Botta, Carlo G. G., Jefferson on history, 3, [266].
Botts, Benjamin, counsel for Burr, 3, [407];
and motion to commit Burr for treason, [415], [424];
on subpœna to Jefferson, [438];
on overt act, [497-500];
on popular hatred, [516].
Boudinot, Elias, on Adams for Chief Justice, 2, [554].
Bowles, William A., M. and activity, 2, [497-99].
Bowman vs. Middleton, 3, [612].
Boyce, Robert, suit, 4, [478].
Boyce vs. Anderson, 4, [478].
Brackenridge, Hugh H., and Addison, 3, [47 n.]
Braddock, Edward, defeat, 1, [2-5];
reputation, [2 n.];
effect of defeat on colonists, [5], [6], [9].
Bradford, William, Attorney-General, death, 2, [122], [123].
Bradley, Stephen R., and Pickering impeachment, 3, [168 n.]
at Chase trial, [183 n.];
votes to acquit Chase, [218], [219].
Braintree, Mass., denounces lawyers, 3, [23 n.]
Brandywine campaign, 1, [93-98].
Brearly, David, Holmes vs. Walton, 3, [611].
Breckenridge, John, and Kentucky Resolutions, 2, [398], [398 n.], 3, [58 n.];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, [58], [59], [66], [68-70];
Attorney-General, [58 n.]
Brig Wilson vs. United States, 4, [428], [429].
Bright, Michael, and Olmstead case, 4, [21].
Brightwell, Theodore, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [367].
Brigstock, William, case, 2, [464].
Briscoe vs. Bank of Kentucky, facts, currency of State-owned bank, 4, [582];
equal division of Supreme Court, [583], [584];
State upheld, Story voices M.'s dissent, [584 n.]
British debts, conditions and controversy in Virginia, 1, [215], [223-31];
amount in Virginia, [295 n.];
in Ratification debate, [441], [444], [464];
before Federal courts, Ware vs. Hylton, 2, [83], [186-92];
in Jay Treaty, [114], [121 n.];
disruption of commission on, [500-02];
M. on disruption and compromise, [502-05];
settlement, 3, [103].
Brockenbrough, John, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.];
political control, 4, [174];
and redemption of his bank's notes, [194];
and stock of Bank of the United States, [318].
Brooks, John, and Ratification, 1, [347 n.]
Broom, James M., and Burr conspiracy, 3, [358].
Brown, Adam, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [411].
Brown, Alexander. See Brown vs. Maryland.
Brown, Ethan A., counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [385].
Brown, Francis, elected President of Dartmouth, 4, [229];
and Kent, [258 n.]
Brown, Henry B., on Dartmouth College case, 4, [280].
Brown, John, of R.I., and slave trade (1800), 2, [449].
Brown, John, of Va. and Ky., on lack of patriotism (1780), 1, [157];
on Wythe as professor, [158];
dinner to, 2, [131 n.];
and Pickering impeachment, 3, [168 n.];
Indiana Canal Company, [291 n.];
and Burr conspiracy, [292].
Brown, Noah, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [411].
Brown vs. Maryland, facts, 4, [454];
counsel, [455];
M.'s opinion, [455-59];
State license on importers an import duty, [455-57];
and a regulation of foreign commerce, [457-59];
as precedent, [459], [460].
Bruff, James, testimony in Burr trial, 3, [523 n.]
Bryan, George, and Centinel letters, 1, [335 n.]
Bryan, Joseph, and Randolph, 3, [566].
Buchanan, J., Barbecue Club, 2, [183].
Buchanan, James, and attack on Supreme Court, 4, [515].
Bullitt, William M., book of M.'s possessed by, 1, [186 n.]
Burford, ex parte, 3, [154 n.]
Burgess, John W., on revolutionary action of Framers, 1, [323 n.]
Burke, Ædanus, and the Cincinnati, 1, [293];
shipwrecked, 3, [55 n.]
Burke, Edmund, on French Revolution, 2, [10-12].
Burling, Walter, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [329].
Burnaby, Andrew, plea for reunion with England, 1, [130], [131].
Burr, Aaron, and X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [281];
suppresses Wood's book, [380 n.];
and Hamilton's attack on Adams, [528];
character, and appearance, [535], 3, [371], [372];
presides over Senate, [67];
and repeal of Judiciary Act, personal effect, [67], [68 n.], [279];
and Pickering impeachment, [168 n.];
arranges Senate for Chase trial, [179 n.];
as presiding officer of trial, [180], [183], [218], [219];
effort of Administration to conciliate, [181];
farewell address to Senate, [274];
plight on retirement from Vice-Presidency, [276-78], [285];
Hamilton's pursuit, [277 n.];
the duel, [278 n.];
Jefferson's hostility, isolation, [279], [280];
toast on Washington's birthday, [280];
candidacy for Governor, [281];
and Federalist secession plots, [281];
and Manhattan Company charter, [287 n.];
gratitude to Jackson, [405];
later career, [537 n., 538 n.];
and Martin, [538 n.];
death, monument, [538 n.];
report on Yazoo lands, [570].
See also Burr Conspiracy; Elections (1800).
Burr, Levi, ex parte, 3, [537 n.]
Burr conspiracy, and life of M., 3, [275];
Burr's plight on retirement from Vice-Presidency, [276-78];
Jefferson's hostility and isolation of Burr, [279-81];
Burr and Federalist Secessionists, [281];
West and Union, [282-84];
popular desire to free Spanish America, [284], [286];
expected war with Spain, [285];
West as field for rehabilitation of Burr, [286];
his earlier proposal to invade Spanish America, [286];
Burr's intrigue with Merry, real purpose, [287-90], [299];
first western trip, [290];
conference with Dayton, [290];
Wilkinson's connection, he proposes Mexican invasion, [290], [294], [297], [460];
and Blennerhassett, [291];
conference at Cincinnati, [291];
in Kentucky, [291], [296];
plan for Ohio River canal, [291 n.];
in Tennessee, Jackson's relationship, [292-96];
Burr and Tennessee seat in House, [292];
no proposals for disunion, [292], [297], [303], [312];
invasion of Mexico, contingent on war, [292 n.], [294-96], [298], [301-03], [306-09], [312], [313], [319], [460-62], [523], [527];
settlement of Washita lands, [292 n.], [303], [310], [312], [313], [314 n.], [319], [324 n.], [361 n.], [362], [461], [462], [523], [527];
Burr at New Orleans, [294], [295];
disunion rumors, Spanish source, [296], [298], [299];
Wilkinson plans to abandon Burr, [298], [300 n.], [320];
Casa Yrujo intrigue, purpose, [300], [300 n.];
and Miranda's plans, [300], [301], [306], [308];
hopes, [301], [302];
Wilkinson on frontier, expected to precipitate war, [302], [307], [308], [314];
Burr requests diplomatic position, [302];
Burr's conferences with Truxton and Decatur, [302], [303];
and with Eaton, Eaton's report of it, [303-05], [307], [345];
Jefferson and reports of plans, [305], [310], [315], [317], [323], [338 n.];
Burr's letter to Jackson for military preparation, [306];
Burr begins second journey, [307], [309];
cipher letter to Wilkinson by Swartwout and Bollmann, [307-09], [614], [615];
Morgan visit, report of it to Jefferson, [309], [310];
Blennerhassett's enthusiasm, his newspaper letters mentioning disunion, [310], [311];
gathering at his island, [311], [324], [325], [425-27], [484], [488-91];
recruits, [311], [313], [324], [326], [360];
Wilkinson's letters to Adair and Smith, [314];
renewal of disunion reports, [315], [316];
Burr denies disunion plans, [316], [318 n.], [319], [326];
arrest and release of Burr in Kentucky, [317-19];
Administration's knowledge of Burr's plans, [318 n.];
Wilkinson and Swartwout, [320], [465];
Wilkinson's revelations to Jefferson, [321-23], [334], [341], [352-56];
Jefferson's action on revelations, proclamation against expedition, [324], [327];
seizure of supplies, [324];
militia attack on Blennerhassett's island, flight of gathering there, [325];
Burr afloat, [326], [360-62];
popular belief in disunion plan, [327];
Wilkinson's pretended terror, [328];
his appeal for funds to Viceroy, [329];
and to Jefferson, [330];
his reign of terror at New Orleans, [330-37];
Jefferson's Annual Message on, [337];
mystery and surmises at Washington, [338];
House demand for information, [339];
Special Message declaring Burr guilty, [339-41];
effect of message on public opinion, [341];
Wilkinson's prisoners brought to Washington, [343], [344];
Swartwout and Bollmann held for trial, [344-46];
payment of Eaton's claim, [345 n.];
Supreme Court writ of habeas corpus for Swartwout and Bollmann, [346];
attempt of Congress to suspend privilege of writ, [346-48];
discharge of Swartwout and Bollmann, M.'s opinion, [348-57];
constitutional limitation of treason, [349-51];
necessity of overt act, [351], [442];
presence at overt act, effect of misunderstanding of M.'s opinion, [350], [414 n.], [484], [493], [496], [502], [504-13], [540], [619-26];
lack of evidence of treasonable design, [353-56], [377-79], [388];
Judiciary and Administration and public opinion, [357], [376], [388];
House debate on Wilkinson's conduct, [358-60];
Burr's assembly on island at mouth of Cumberland, [361];
boats, [361 n.];
Burr in Mississippi, grand jury refuses to indict him, [363-65];
release refused, flight and military arrest, [365-68], [374];
taken to Richmond, [368-70];
M.'s warrant for civil arrest, [370];
preliminary hearing before M., [370], [372], [379];
Burr and M. contrasted, [371], [372];
bail question, [372], [379], [380], [423], [424], [429], [516];
Burr's statement at hearing, [374];
M.'s opinion, commits for high misdemeanor only, [375-79];
M.'s conduct and position at trials, [375], [397], [404], [407], [408], [413 n.], [421], [423], [480], [494], [517], [526];

public opinion, appeal to it, Jefferson as prosecutor, [374], [379-91], [395-97], [401], [406], [411], [413], [414], [416-22], [430-32], [435], [437], [439], [441], [471], [476], [477], [479], [480], [497 n.], [499], [499 n.], [503], [516 n.];
M.'s reflection on Jefferson's conduct, [376];
collection of evidence, time question, [378], [385-90], [415], [417], [418], [425], [473];
Wilkinson's attendance awaited, [383], [393], [415], [416], [429], [431], [432], [440];
supposed overt acts, [386 n.];
money spent by Administration, [391], [423];
Jefferson's violation of faith with Bollmann, [391], [392];
pardons for informers, [392], [393];
Dunbaugh's evidence, [393], [427], [462], [463];
development of Burr support at Richmond, [393], [415], [470], [478], [479];
M. and Burr at Wickham's dinner, [394-97];
appearance of court, crowd, [398-400];
M. on difficulty of fair trial, [401];
Jackson's denunciation of Jefferson and Wilkinson, [404], [405], [457];
Burr's conduct and appearance in court, [406], [408], [456], [457], [479], [481], [499], [518];
Burr's counsel, [407], [428];
prosecuting attorneys, [407];
M. and counsel, [408];
selection of grand jury, [408-13], [422];
Burr's demand for equal rights, [413], [414], [418];
instruction of grand jury, [413-15], [442], [451];
Hay's reports to Jefferson, [415], [431];
new motion to commit for treason, [415-29];
Jefferson and publication of evidence, [422], [515];
legal order of proof, [424], [484-87];
conduct of Eaton at Richmond, [429];
Bollmann and pardon, [430], [431], [450-54];
demand for Wilkinson's letter to Jefferson, subpœna duces tecum, [433-47], [450], [454-56], [518-22];
M.'s admonition to counsel, [439];
M.'s statement on prosecution's expectation of conviction, [447-49];
Wilkinson's arrival, conduct and testimony, just escapes indictment, [456], [457], [463], [464];
testimony before grand jury, [458-65];
indictment of Burr and Blennerhassett for treason and misdemeanor, [465], [466];
other indictments, [466 n.];
attacks on Wilkinson, [471-75], [477];
confinement of Burr, [474], [478], [479];
selection of petit jury, [475], [481-83];
M. seeks advice of Justices on treason, [480];
Hay's opening statement, [484];
testimony on Burr's expressions, [487], [488];
on overt act, [488-91];
argument of proof of overt act, [491-504];
unprecedented postponement, [494];
Wirt's famous passage, [497], [616-18];
poison hoax, [499 n.];
irrelevant testimony, [512], [515], [542];
attacks on M., threats of impeachment, Jefferson's Message, [500], [501], [503], [516], [525], [530-35], [540];
judgment of law and fact, [500], [531];
irregular verdict of not guilty, [513], [514];
prosecution's advances to Blennerhassett and others, [514 n.];
nolle prosequi, [515], [524];
reception of verdict in Richmond, [517];
trial for misdemeanor, [522-24];
commitment for trial in Ohio, [524], [527], [528], [531 n.];
Burr's anger at M., [524], [528];
and Daveiss's pamphlet, [525];
Burr on drawn battle, [527];
prosecution dropped, [528];
M. on trial, [530];
Baltimore mob, [535-40];
bibliography, [538 n.];
attempt to amend law of treason, [540];
attempt to expel Senator Smith, Adams's report, [540-44].
Burrill, James, Jr., on bankruptcy frauds, 4, [202].
Burwell, Rebecca, and Jefferson, 1, [149].
Burwell, William A., and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 3, [348].
Butchers' Union vs. Crescent City, 4, [279 n.]
Butler, Elizur, arrest by Georgia, 4, [548];
pardoned, [552 n.]
See also Worcester vs. Georgia.
Byrd, William, library, 1, [25].
Cabell, Benjamin W. S., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [500].
Cabell, Joseph, at William and Mary, 1, [159].
Cabell, Joseph C., grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.];
on Swartwout, [465].
Cabell, William, at William and Mary, 1, [159];
in the Legislature, [203];
and Henry-Randolph quarrel, [407 n.]
Cabell, William H., opinion in Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, 4, [158-60.]
Cabinet, dissensions in Washington's, 2, [82];
changes in Washington's, his offers to M., [122-25], [147];
disruption of Adams's, [485-88];
M.'s appointment as Secretary of State, [486], [489-91], [493];
Republican comment on Adams's reorganized, [491];
salaries (1800), [539 n.]
Cabot, George, on democratic clubs, 2, [38];
on policy of neutrality, [94 n.];
and M. (1796), [198];
on Gerry, [364], [366];
on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, [391-93];
on reopening of French negotiations, [424], [426];
on M. in Congress, [432];
on Adams and Hamiltonians, [488];
on M. as Secretary of State, [492];
opposition to Adams, [517 n.];
in defeat, 3, [11];
on Republican success, [11];
political character, [11 n.];
on attack on Judiciary, [98];
on protest on repeal of Judiciary Act, [123 n.];
on Louisiana Purchase, [150];
and secession, [152];
and Hartford Convention, 4, [52];
and Story, [98].
Calder vs. Bull, 3, [612].
Caldwell, Elisha B., Supreme Court sessions in house, 4, [130].
Calhoun, John C., and War of 1812, 4, [29];
Bonus Bill, [417];
Exposition, [538];
and non-intercourse with tariff States, [538 n.]
Call, Daniel, as lawyer, 1, [173];
M.'s neighbor, 2, [171];
counsel in Hunter vs. Fairfax's Devisee, 4, [151].
Callender, James T., on M.'s address (1798), 2, [405];
on M.'s campaign, [409];
later attacks on M., [541 n.], [556], [560 n.];
trial for sedition, 3, [36-41], [189-96], [202-05], [214];
proposed public appropriation for, [38 n.];
popular subscription, [38 n.];
pardoned, [40 n.]
Camillus letters, 2, [120].
Campbell, Alexander, as lawyer, 1, [173];
and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, 2, [151], [152];
Ware vs. Hylton, [188], [189], [192];
Hunter vs. Fairfax's Devisee, [207];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [501 n.]
Campbell, Archibald, as M.'s instructor, 1, [57];
as Mason, 2, [176].
Campbell, Charles, on frontier (1756), 1, [7 n.]
Campbell, George W., argument in Chase trial, 3, [198];
on Burr conspiracy, [339].
Campbell, William, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [492].
Campo Formio, Treaty of, M. on, 2, [271];
and X. Y. Z. Mission, [272], [273].
Canal, Burr's plan for, on Ohio River, 3, [291 n.]
See also Internal Improvements.
Canning, George, letter to Pinkney, 4, [23].
Capital, Federal, deal on assumption and location, 2, [63], [64];
proposed removal to Baltimore, 3, [8].
See also District of Columbia; Washington, D.C.
Capitol, of Virginia (1783), 1, [200];
Federal, in 1801, 3, [1], [2];
religious services there, [7 n.];
quarters for Supreme Court, [121 n.]
Card playing in Virginia, 1, [177 n.]
Carlisle, Pa., Ratification riot, 1, [334].
Carr, Dabney, and Cherokee Indians controversy, 4, [542].
Carrington, Edward, supports Jay Treaty, 2, [121];
and M.'s advice on Cabinet positions, [124-26], [132];
on Virginia and Jay Treaty, [131], [132], [134], [137], [138 n.], [142], [143];
inaccuracy of reports to Washington, [131 n.];
and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, [149], [154];
M.'s neighbor, [171];
verdict in Burr trial, 3, [513], [514].
Carrington, Eliza (Ambler), on Arnold's invasion, 1, [144 n.];
on first and later impressions of M., [150-54];
on Richmond in, 1780, [165];
M.'s sympathy, [188];
on prevalence of irreligion, [221];
on attacks on M.'s character, 2, [101], [102];
on Mrs. Marshall's invalidism, [371 n.];
M.'s sister-in-law, 4, [67 n.]
Carrington, Paul, as Judge, 1, [173], 4, [148];
candidacy for Ratification Convention, 1, [359].
Carroll, Charles, opposition to Adams, 2, [517 n.];
on Hamilton's attack on Adams, [528 n.]
Carter, John, and tariff, 4, [384 n.], [536].
Carter, Robert, landed estate, 1, [20 n.];
character, [21 n.];
library, [25].
Cary, Mary, courtship, 1, [150 n.]
Cary, Wilson M., on M.'s ancestry, 1, [15].
Casa Yrujo, Marqués de, and Burr, 3, [289], [296 n.], [300];
on Wilkinson, [320 n.]
Cecil County, Md., and Burr trial, 3, [479 n.]
Centinel letters in opposition to Federal Constitution, 1, [335-37];
probable authors, [335 n.]
Centralization. See Nationalism.
Chancery. See Equity.
Chandler, John, case, 3, [130 n.]
Channing, Edward, on Washington, 1, [121];
on origin of Kentucky Resolutions, 2, [398 n.];
on attacks on neutral trade, 4, [7 n.];
on purpose of Orders in Council, [12 n.];
on Minister Jackson, [23 n.];
on causes of War of 1812, [29 n.]
Chapman, H., on opposition to Ratification, 1, [338].
Chapman, Nathaniel, on death of M., 4, [588].
Charleston, S.C., Jacobin enthusiasm, 2, [35].
Charters. See Dartmouth College vs. Woodward.
Chase, Samuel, and Adams, 2, [495 n.];
and common-law jurisdiction, 3, [28 n.];
conduct in sedition trials, [33], [36], [41];
Fries trial, [35];
on the stump, [47];
on declaring acts void, [117], [612];
House impeaches, [169];
anti-Republican charge to grand jury, [169], [170];
arousing of public opinion against, [171];
articles of impeachment, [171], [172];
despair of Federalists, [173];
effect of Yazoo frauds on trial, [174];
opening of trial, [175];
arrangement of Senate, [179], [180];
Burr as presiding officer, efforts of Administration to win him, [180-83];
seat for Chase, [183];
appearance, [184];
career, [184 n., 185 n.];
counsel, [185];
Randolph's opening speech, [187-89];
testimony, [189-92];
M. as witness, [192-96];
Giles-Randolph conferences, [197];
argument of Manager Early, [197];
of Manager Campbell, [198];
of Hopkinson, [198-200];
indictable or political offense, [199], [200], [202], [207-13];
arguments of Key and Lee, [201];
of Martin, [201-06];
trial as precedent, [201];
trial as political affair, [206];
argument of Manager Nicholson, [207-10];
of Manager Rodney, [210-12];
and Chief Justiceship, [211 n.];
argument of Manager Randolph, [212];
Randolph's praise of M., [214-16];
trial and secession, [217];
vote and acquittal, [217-20];
trial as crisis, [220];
effect on Republicans, [220-22];
on M., [222];
Chase and Swartwout and Bollmann case, [349 n.];
and Fletcher vs. Peck, [585 n.];
death, 4, [60].
Chastellux, Marquis de, on William and Mary, 1, [156 n.];
on hardships of travel, [262];
on drinking, 2, [102 n.]
Chatham, Earl of, fate of Charleston statue, 2, [35].
Checks and balances of Federal Constitution, Ratification debate on, 1, [389], [417];
and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, 3, [60], [61], [65].
See also Division of powers; Government; Separation of powers; Union.
Cherokee Indians, power, 3, [553];
origin of Georgia contest, 4, [539], [540];
Jackson's attitude, [540], [541], [547], [548], [551];
first appeal to Supreme Court, [541];
popular interest and political involution, [541], [548];
and removal, [541];
monograph on contest, [541 n.];
Tassels incident, Georgia's defiance of Supreme Court, [542-44];
Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, Georgia ignores, [544];
M.'s opinion, Cherokees not a foreign nation, [544-46];
M.'s rebuke of Jackson, [546];
dissent from opinion, [546 n.];
origin of Worcester vs. Georgia, arrest of missionaries, [547], [548];
Georgia refuses to appear before Court, [548];
counsel, [549];
M.'s opinion, no State control over Indians, [549-51];
mandate of Court ignored, [551];
final defiance of Court, Graves case, [552 n.];
removal of Indians, [552 n.]
Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia. See Cherokee Indians.
Chesapeake-Leopard affair, Jefferson and, 3, [475-77], 4, [9].
Chester, Elisha W., counsel in Worcester vs. Georgia, 4, [549].
Cheves, Langdon, and War of 1812, 4, [29].
Children, M.'s fondness for, 4, [63].
Chisholm vs. Georgia, 2, [83 n.], 3, [554 n.]
Choate, Rufus, on Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [101];
on Webster's tribute to Dartmouth, 4, [248].
Choctaw Indians, power, 3, [553].
Christie, Gabriel, and slavery, 2, [450].
Church ——, and X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [254].
Cincinnati, first steamboat, 4, [403 n.]
Cincinnati, Order of the, popular prejudice against, 1, [292-94].
Cipher, necessity of use, 1, [266 n.]
Circuit Courts, Supreme Court Justices in, 3, [55], [56];
rights of original jurisdiction, 4, [386].
See also Judiciary; Judiciary Act of 1801.
Circuit riders, work, 4, [189 n.]
Citizenship, Virginia bill (1783), 1, [208].
See also Naturalization.
Civil rights, lack, 3, [13 n.]
See also Bill of Rights.
Civil service, M. and office-seekers, 2, [494];
Adams and partisan appointments, 3, [81];
Jefferson's use of patronage, [81 n.], [208].
See also Religious tests.
Claiborne, William C. C., and election of Jefferson, reward, 3, [81 n.];
and Wilkinson and Burr conspiracy, [326], [331], [363], [366];
and Livingston, 4, [102];
and steamboat monopoly, [414].
Clark, Daniel, and Burr, 3, [294], [295];
and disunion rumors, [296].
Clark, Eugene F., acknowledgment to, 4, [233 n.]
Clark, George Rogers, surveyor, 1, [210 n.];
Indiana Canal Company, 3, [291 n.]
Classes, in colonial Virginia, 1, [25-28];
after the Revolution, [277], [278].
Clay, Charles, in Virginia Ratification Convention, 1, [472].
Clay, Henry, duelist, 3, [278 n.];
and Burr conspiracy, [296], [318], [319 n.];
on Daveiss and Burr, [317 n.];
as exponent of Nationalism, 4, [28], [29];
as practitioner before M., [95], [135];
and Green vs. Biddle, [376];
counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, [385];
in debate on Supreme Court, [395];
Kremer's attack, [462 n.];
Randolph duel, [463 n.];
and report on M. and election of 1828, [464];
and American Colonization Society, [474];
and recharter of Bank of the United States, [530];
Compromise Tariff, [574].
Clayton, Philip, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [547], [548].
Clayton, Samuel, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [501 n.]
Clermont, Fulton's steamboat, 4, [401 n.]
Clinton, De Witt, presidential candidacy (1812), 4, [47].
Clinton, George, letter for second Federal convention, 1, [379-81], [477], 2, [49], [57 n.];
elected Vice-President, 3, [197];
defeats recharter of Bank of the United States, 4, [176].
Clopton, John, deserts Congress (1798), 2, [340 n.];
candidacy (1798), [414].
Clothing. See Dress.
Cobbett, William, on American enthusiasm over French Revolution, 2, [5 n.];
as conservative editor, [30 n.]
Cockade, black, 2, [343].
Cocke, William, on Judiciary Act of 1801, 3, [57 n.];
at Chase trial, [194].
Cohens vs. Virginia, conditions causing opinion, its purpose, 4, [342-44], [353];
facts, [344], [345];
as moot case, [343];
counsel, argument, [346];
M.'s opinion on appellate power, [347-57];
statement of State Rights position, [347];
supremacy of National Government, [347-49];
Federal Judiciary as essential agency in this supremacy, [349-52];
resistance of disunion, [352], [353];
State as party, Eleventh Amendment, [354-56];
hearing on merits, [357];
Roane's attack on, [358], [359];
rebuke of concurring Republican Justices, [358], [359];
M. on attacks, [359-62];
other Virginia attacks, [361 n.];
Jefferson's attack on principles, M. on it, [362-66], [368-70];
attack as one on Union, [365];
Taylor's attack on principles, [366-68].
Coleman, vs. Dick and Pat, 2, [180 n.]
Colhoun, John E., and repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [62 n.], [72 n.]
College charters as contracts. See Dartmouth College vs. Woodward.
Collins, Josiah, Granville heirs case, 4, [154].
Collins, Minton, on economic division on Ratification, 1, [313];
on opposition to Ratification, [322].
Colston, Rawleigh, purchase of Fairfax estate, 2, [203 n.], [204], 4, [149], [150 n.];
M.'s debt, 3, [224].
Columbian Centinel, on Republicans (1799), 3, [43];
on Judiciary debate (1802), [65 n.], [72 n.], [99].
Commerce, effects of lack of transportation, 1, [262];
Madison on need of uniform regulation, [312];
Jefferson's dislike, [316];
Federal powers in Ratification debate, [427], [477];
foreign, and South Carolina negro seamen act, Elkison case, 4, [382], [383];
power to regulate, and internal improvements, [417];
power over navigation, Brig Wilson vs. United States, [428], [429];
doctrine of common carrier and transportation of slaves, [478].
See also Bankruptcy; Brown vs. Maryland; Communication; Economic conditions; Gibbons vs. Ogden; Internal improvements; Navigation acts; Neutral trade, New York vs. Miln; Slave trade; Tariff.
Common carrier, doctrine, and transportation of slaves, 4, [478].
Common law, Federal jurisdiction, 2, [549 n.], 3, [23-29], [30 n.], [78], [84], [89].
Commonwealth vs. Caton, 3, [611].
Communication, roads of colonial Virginia, 1, [36 n.];

at period of Confederation and later, hardships of travel, [250], [255-64], 3, [5 n.], [55 n.];
lack as index of political conditions, 1, [251], [255];
sparseness of population, [264];
mails, [264-67];
character of newspapers, [267-70];
conditions breed demagogism, [290-92];
local isolation, 4, [191].
See also Commerce.
Commutable Act of Virginia, 1, [207].
Concurrent jurisdiction of Federal and State courts, 1, [452].
See also Appellate jurisdiction.
Concurrent powers, M.'s exposition in Ratification debate, 1, [436];
and State bankruptcy laws, 4, [208-12];
commercial, [409].
Confederation, Washington on State antagonism, 1, [206 n.];
effect of British-debts controversy, [228], [228 n.];
financial powerlessness, [232], [295-97], [304], [387], [388], [415-17];
effort for power to levy impost, [233];
debt problem, [233-35], [254];
proposed power to pass navigation acts, [234], [235];
social conditions during, [250-87];
popular spirit, [253], [254];
opportunity for demagogism, [288-92], [297], [309];
Shays's Rebellion, [298-304];
impotence of Congress, [305];
prosperity during, [306];
responsibility of masses for failure, [307];
responsibility of States for failure, [308-10];
antagonistic State tariff acts, [310], [311];
economic basis of failure, [310-13];
Jefferson on, [315];
Randolph on, [377];
Henry's defense, [388], [389], [399];
M.'s biography of Washington on, 3, [259-61].
Congress, Ratification debate on character, 1, [344], [416], [419], [422], [423];
M. on discretionary powers (1788), [454];
First: titles, 2, [36];
election in Virginia, [49], [50];
amendments, [58], [59];
funding, assumption, and National Capital, [59-64];
Judiciary, 3, [53-56];
Third: Yazoo lands, [560], [569], [570];
Fourth: Jay Treaty, 3, [148], [155];
Yazoo lands, 3, [570];
Fifth: Adams's address on French depredations, 2, [225], [226];
X. Y. Z. dispatches, [336], [338], [339];
war preparations, [355];
Alien and Sedition Acts, [381];
Georgia's Western claims, 3, [573];
Sixth: M.'s campaign for, 2, [374-80], [401], [409-16];
M.'s importance to Federalists, [432], [436], [437];
Adams's address at first session, [433];
reply of House, [433-36];
and presidential campaign, [438];
and death of Washington, [440-45];
M.'s activity, [445];
cession of Western Reserve, [446];
powers of territorial Governor, [446];
insult to Randolph, [446];
Marine Corps, [446-48];
land grants for veterans, [448];
and slavery, [449];
Sedition Law, [451];
M.'s independence, [451], [452];
Disputed Election Bill, [452-58];
Jonathan Robins case, [460-75];
reduction of army, [476-81];
Bankruptcy Bill, [481], [482];
results of first session, [482];
French treaty, [525];
M. and Adams's address at second session, [530], [531];
Jefferson-Burr contest, [532-47];
Judiciary Bill, [548-52], 3, [53], [56];
reduction of navy, [458 n.];
Georgia cession, [574];
Seventh: Judiciary in Jefferson's Message, [51-53];
repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, [58-92];
Supreme Court, [94-97];
Eighth: impeachment of Pickering, [164-68];
Chase impeachment, [169-222];
electoral vote counting, [197];
Burr's farewell address, [274];
Yazoo claims, [575-82];
Ninth: Jefferson's Annual Message on Burr conspiracy, [337];
demand for information and Special Message, [339];
payment of Eaton's claim, [345 n.];
attempt to suspend habeas corpus, [346-48];
Burr conspiracy debate, [357-60];
non-importation, 4, [9];
Tenth: Chesapeake-Leopard affair, 3, [477];
attempt to amend law of treason, [540];
attempt to expel Senator Smith, [540-44];
Embargo, 4, [11], [13], [14], [22];
Force Act, [16];
non-intercourse, [22];
Eleventh: Yazoo claims, 3, [595-97];
Jackson resolution, 4, [24];
Louisiana, [27];
bank, [173-76];
Twelfth: Yazoo claims, 3, [597-600];
war, 4, [29];
Thirteenth: Yazoo claims, 3, [600];
St. Cloud Decree resolution, 4, [48];
bank, [179];
Fourteenth: bank, [180];
salaries, [231 n.];
Bonus Bill, [417];
Fifteenth: bank, [196 n.], [288], [289];
internal improvements, [418];
Sixteenth: bankruptcy, [201], [302];
Missouri, [340-42];
Seventeenth: Judiciary, [371-79];
Eighteenth: Judiciary, [379], [380], [394], [450], [451];
internal improvements, [418-21];
presidential election, [462 n.];
tariff, [536];
Nineteenth: Supreme Court, [451-53];
Twentieth: tariff, [537];
Twenty-first: Supreme Court, [514-17];
Cherokee Indians, [541];
Hayne-Webster debate, [552-55];
Twenty-second: Judiciary, [517 n.];
recharter of Bank, [529-33];
river and harbor improvement, [534];
tariff, [559], [567], [574].
Conkling, Roscoe, resemblance to Pinkney, 4, [133 n.]
Connecticut, Ratification, 1, [325];
cession of Western Reserve, 2, [446], 3, [578];
and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, [105 n.];
and Embargo, 4, [17];
and War of 1812, [48 n.];
and Livingston steamboat monopoly, [404].
Connecticut Reserve, cession, 2, [446];
Granger's connection, 3, [578].
Conrad and McMunn's boarding-house, 3, [7].
Conscription, for War of 1812, 4, [51].
Conservatism, growth, 1, [252], [253];
M.'s extreme, 3, [109], [265], 4, [4], [55], [93], [479-83], [488].
See also Democracy; Nationalism; People.
Consolidation. See Nationalism.
Constitution, question of amending Virginia's (1784), 1, [216];
attack on Virginia's (1789), 2, [56 n.];
Massachusetts Convention (1820), 4, [471].
See also Federal Constitution; Virginia Constitutional Convention.
Continental Congress, denunciation by army officers, 1, [90];
flight, [102];
and intrigue against Washington, [122], [123];
decline, [124];
Washington's plea for abler men and harmony, [124-26], [131].
See also Confederation.
Contraband, in Jay Treaty and X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [306];
M. on British unwarranted increase of list, [509-11].
Contracts, obligation of, M.'s first connection with legislative franchise, 1, [218];
and with ideas of contract, [223], [224];
in debate on Ratification, [428];
M. on, as political factor under Confederation, 3, [259-61];
M. on (1806), and new National Government, [263];
importance of M.'s expositions, [556], [593-95], 4, [213], [219], [276-81];
legal-tender violation, 3, [557];
origin of clause in Federal Constitution, [557 n., 558 n.];
effect of constitutional clause on public mind, [558];
and repeal of Yazoo land act, [562], [563], [586];
discussions of repeal, [571], [572];
congressional debate on Yazoo claims, [575], [579], [580];
M.'s interest in stability, [582];
M.'s opinion in Fletcher vs. Peck, repeal of Yazoo act as impairment, [586-91];
and corrupt legislation, [587];
involved in Sturges vs. Crowninshield, 4, [209], [212];
meaning in Constitution, [213];
contract of future acquisitions and insolvency laws, [214];
not limited to paper money obligations, [214];
not necessary to enumerate particular subjects, [215];
humanitarian limitations, [215], [216];
broad field without historical limitations, [216-18], [269], [271];
New Jersey vs. Wilson, exemption of lands from taxation, [221-23];
Dartmouth College case, right to change charter of public institution, [230 n.], [235], [243];
limitation to private rights, [234], [263];
colleges as eleemosynary not civil corporations, [241-44], [247], [263], [264];
Terrett vs. Taylor, private rights under grants to towns, [243 n.], [246];
precedents in Dartmouth College case, [245-47];
college charters as contracts, [262];
purpose of college does not make it public institution, [264];
nor does act of incorporation, [265-68];
rights of non-profiting trustees, [268], [269];
and public policy, [270-72];
as element in strife of political theories, [370];
and Kentucky occupying claimant law, [375-77], [380-82];
Ogden vs. Saunders, future, not violated by insolvency laws, [480];
M.'s dissent, [481].
Conway Cabal, 1, [121-23].
Cook, Daniel P., on Missouri question, 4, [342].
Cooke, ——, tavern at Raleigh, 4, [65].
Cooke, John R., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [502 n.]
Cooper, Thomas, sedition trial, 3, [33], [34], [86].
Cooper, William, on Jefferson-Burr contest, 2, [546 n.]
Cooper vs. Telfair, 3, [612].
Corbin, Francis, and calling of Virginia Ratification Convention, 1, [245];
in Ratification Convention; characterized, [396];
in the debate, [396], [435];
on detailed debate, [432];
on badges of aristocracy, 2, [78].
Cornwallis, Earl of, Brandywine, 1, [95].
Corporations, M.'s definition, 4, [265];
M.'s opposition to State regulation, [479];
presumptive authorization of agency, M.'s dissent, [482], [483].
See also Contracts.
Correspondence, M.'s negligence, 1, [183 n.], 4, [203 n.]
Cotton, effect of invention of gin, 3, [555].
Council of State of Virginia, M.'s election to, 1, [209];
as a political machine, [210], [217 n.];
M. forced out, [211], [212].
Counterfeiting, of paper money, 1, [297], 4, [195].
County court system of Virginia, political machine, 4, [146], [147], [485-88];
debate in Constitutional Convention on (1830), [491-93].
Court days, as social event, 1, [284].
See also Judiciary.
Court martial, M. on jurisdiction, 2, [447], [448].
Coxe, Tench, on British depredations on neutral trade, 2, [506 n.]
Craig, Hiram. See Craig vs. Missouri.
Craig vs. Missouri, facts, State loan certificates, 4, [509];
M.'s opinion, certificates as bills of credit, [510-12];
his reply to threat of disunion, [512];
dissenting opinions, [513];
and renewal of attack on Supreme Court, [514-17];
repudiated, [584 n.]
Cranch, William, and trial of Swartwout and Bollmann, 3, [344], [346].
Crawford, Thomas H., and attack on Supreme Court, 4, [515].
Crawford, William H., and Yazoo frauds, 3, [552];
and recharter of first Bank of the United States, 4, [174], [175];
and Treasury portfolio (1825), [462 n.];
and American Colonization Society, [474].
Creek Indians, power, 3, [553].
Crèvecœur, Hector St. John de, on frontier farmers, 1, [30 n.]
Crime, M. on jurisdiction over cases on high seas, 2, [465-67];
Federal punishment of common-law offenses, 3, [23-29].
See also Alien and Sedition Acts; Extradition.
Crisis of 1819, banking and speculation, 4, [176-85];
bank suits to recover loans, [185], [198];
popular demand for more money, [186];
character of State bank notes, [191-96];
early mismanagement of second Bank of the United States, [196];
its reforms and demands on State banks force crisis, [197-99];
popular hostility to it, [198], [199], [206];
lax bankrupt laws and frauds, [200-03];
influence on M., [205];
distress and demagoguery, [206];
movement to destroy Bank of United States through State taxation, [206-08];
M.'s decisions as remedies, [208], [220].
See also Dartmouth College vs. Woodward; M'Culloch vs. Maryland; Sturges vs. Crowninshield.
Crissy, James, publishes biography of Washington, 3, [273 n.]
Crouch, Richard, on M., 4, [67 n.]
Crowninshield, Richard. See Sturges vs. Crowninshield.
Culpeper County, Va., minute men, 1, [69].
Curtius letters on M.'s candidacy (1798), 2, [395], [396];
recalled, 3, [534].
Cushing, William, and Chief Justiceship, 3, [121 n.];
Fletcher vs. Peck, [584], [585 n.];
death, 4, [60], [106].
Cushman, Joshua, on expansion, 4, [342 n.]
Cutler, Manasseh, on Chase trial, 3, [183 n.], [212 n.], [217 n.], [221].
Daggett, David, counsel in Sturges vs. Crowninshield, 4, [209];
on Holmes in Dartmouth College case, [253 n.]
Dallas, Alexander J., in Fries trial, 3, [36];
and Burr, [68 n.];
counsel in Nereid case, 4, [131].
Dana, Edmund P., testimony in Burr trial, 3, [491].
Dana, Francis, and X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [227];
sedition trial, 3, [44-46];
on declaring acts void, [117].
Dana, Samuel W., Jonathan Robins case, 2, [472], [475];
in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [90], [91];
on Chandler case, [130 n.];
and Eaton's report on Burr's plans, [305 n.]
Dandridge, Julius B., case, 4, [482].
Daniel, Henry, attack on Supreme Court, 4, [515].
Daniel, William, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Dartmouth, Earl of, and Dartmouth College, 4, [224].
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward, origin of college, charter, 4, [223-26];
troubles, [226-29];
political involution, [229];
State reorganization and annulment of charter, [230], [231];
rival administrations, [231-33];
Story's relationship, [232], [243 n.], [251], [252], [257], [259 n.], [274], [275];
counsel, [233], [234], [237-40], [259];
case, [233];
story of recruiting Indian students, [233 n.];
State trial and decision, [234-36];
appeal to Supreme Court, lack of public interest there, [236];
argument, [240-55];
effort to place case on broader basis, [244], [251], [252];
Webster's tribute to Dartmouth, [248-50];
continued, [255];
influences on Justices, Kent, [255-58], [258 n., 259 n.];
fees and portraits, [255 n.];
value of Shirley's book on, [258 n., 259 n.];
Pinkney's attempt to reopen, frustrated by M., [259-61], [274];
M.'s opinion, [261-73];
judgment nunc pro tunc, [273];
later public attention, [275];
far-reaching consequences, modern attitude, [276-81];
recent discussions, [280 n.]
See also Contracts.
Daveiss, Joseph Hamilton, Federal appointment, 2, [560 n.];
and Burr conspiracy, 3, [315-19];
middle name, [317 n.];
pamphlet, [525].
Davis, ——, on "Hail, Columbia!" 2, [343 n.]
Davis, David, on Dartmouth College case, 4, [280].
Davis, John, and M.'s candidacy for President, 4, [33];
identity, [34 n.]
Davis, Judge John, United States vs. Palmer, 4, [126].
Davis, Sussex D., anecdote of M., 4, [83 n.]
Davis, Thomas T., in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [74].
Davis, William R., on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54];
Granville heirs case, 4, [154];
report on Supreme Court, [515].
Dawson, Henry B., on bribery in Massachusetts Ratification, 1, [354 n.]
Dawson, John, in Virginia Ratification Convention, 1, [470].
Dawson's Lessee vs. Godfrey, 4, [54 n.]
Dayson, Aquella, sells land to M., 1, [196].
Dayson, Lucy, sells land to M., 1, [196].
Dayton, Jonathan, support of Adams (1800), 2, [518];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [67];
and Pickering impeachment, [167], [168 n.];
and Burr conspiracy, [290], [291], [300], [308];
career, [290 n.];
Indiana Canal Company, [291 n.];
nolle prosequi, [515];
security for Burr, [517].
Deane, Silas, and Beaumarchais, 2, [292 n.]
Dearborn, Henry, and Ogden-Smith trial, 3, [436 n.]
Debating at William and Mary, 1, [158].
Debts, spirit of repudiation of private, 1, [294], [298];
imprisonment for, 3, [13 n.], [15 n.], 4, [215], [216];
and hostility to lawyers, 3, [23 n.];
M. on political factor under Confederation, [259-61].
See also British debts; Contracts; Crisis of 1819; Finances; Public debts.
Decatur, Stephen, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [302], [303];
at trial of Burr, testimony, [452], [458], [488 n.];
career and grievance, [458 n.]
Declaration of Independence, anticipated, 3, [118];
M.'s biography of Washington on, [244].
Declaring acts void, Henry on, 1, [429];
M. on, in Ratification debate, [452], [453], 2, [18];
Jefferson's suppressed paragraph on (1801), 3, [52];
congressional debate on judicial right (1802), [60], [62], [64], [67-71], [73], [74], [82], [85], [87], [91];
M.'s preparation for assertion of power, [104], [109];
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions and State Rights doctrine, [105-08];
effect of this, [108];
necessity of decision on power, [109], [131];
problem of vehicle for assertion, [111], [121-24];
dangers involved in M.'s course, [111-14];
question in Federal Convention, [114-16];
importance of Marbury vs. Madison, unique opportunity, [116], [118], [127], [131], [142];
no new argument in it, M.'s knowledge of previous opinions, [116-20], [611-13];
condition of Supreme Court as obstacle to M.'s determination, [120];
dilemma of Marbury vs. Madison as vehicle, solution, [126-33];
opinion on power in Marbury vs. Madison, [138-42];
effect of decision on attacks on Judiciary, [143], [153], [155];
Jefferson and opinion, [143], [144], [153];
lack of public notice of opinion, [153-55];

M. suggests legislative reversal of judicial opinions, [177], [178];
bibliography, [613];
M.'s avoidance in Federal laws, 4, [117], [118];
his caution in State laws, [261];
Supreme Court action on State laws, [373], [377];
proposed measures to restrict it, [378-80].
See also Judiciary; and, respecting State laws, Appellate jurisdiction; Contracts; Eleventh Amendment, and the following cases: Brown vs. Maryland; Cohens vs. Virginia; Craig vs. Missouri; Dartmouth College vs. Woodward; Fletcher vs. Peck; Gibbons vs. Ogden; Green vs. Biddle; M'Culloch vs. Maryland; Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee; New Jersey vs. Wilson; Osgood vs. Bank; Sturges vs. Crowninshield; Terrett vs. Taylor; Worcester vs. Georgia.
Dedham, Mass., denounces lawyers, 3, [23 n.]
Delaware, Ratification, 1, [325].
Delaware Indians, New Jersey land case, 4, [221-23].
Demagogism, opportunity and tales under Confederation, 1, [290-92], [297], [309];
J. Q. Adams on opportunity, 2, [17];
and crisis of, 1819, 4, [206].
See also Government.
Democracy, growth of belief in restriction, 1, [252], [253], [300-02], [308];
union with State Rights, 3, [48];
M.'s extreme lack of faith in, [109], [265], 4, [4], [55], [93], [479-83], [488];
chaotic condition after War of 1812, 4, [170].
See also Government; People; Social conditions.
Democratic Party, as term of contempt, 2, [439 n.], 3, [234 n.]
See also Republican Party.
Democratic societies, development, 2, [38];
opposition and support, [38-41];
decline, [41];
and Whiskey Insurrection, [88];
and Jay's negotiations, [113].
Denmark, and Barbary Powers, 2, [499].
Dennison, ——, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [547].
De Pestre, Colonel, attempt to seduce, 3, [515 n.]
Despotism, demagogic fear, 1, [291];
feared under Federal Constitution, [333];
in Ratification debate, [352], [398], [400], [404], [406], [409-11], [417], [427], [428].
Dexter, Samuel, and M. (1796), 2, [198];
Secretary of War, [485], [493], [494];
Aurora on, [492];
seals M.'s commission, [557];
and M.'s logic, 4, [85];
as practitioner before M., [95];
counsel in Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [161];
as court orator, [133].
Dickinson, John, in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 3, [115 n.]
Dickinson, Philemon, and intrigue against Adams, 2, [529 n.]
Diligente, Amelia case, 3, [16].
Dinners, as form of social life in Richmond, 3, [394];
of Quoit Club, 4, [77];
M.'s lawyer, [78], [79].
Direct tax, Fries's Insurrection and pardon, 2, [429-31], [435], 3, [34-36].
See also Taxation.
Directory, M. declines mission to, 2, [144-46];
18th Fructidor, [230], [245 n., 246 n.];
M. on it, [232], [236-44];
M.'s analysis of economic conditions, [267-70];
English negotiations (1797), [295];
preparations against England (1798), [321], [322];
need of funds, [322], [323].
See also Franco-American War; French Revolution; X. Y. Z. Mission.
Discipline, in Revolutionary army, 1, [87], [120].
Disestablishment, Virginia controversy, 1, [221], [222];
in New Hampshire, 4, [227], [230 n.]
Disputed Elections Bill (1800), 2, [452-58].
District-attorneys, United States, plan to remove Federalist, 3, [21].
District of Columbia, popular fear of, 1, [291], [438], [439], [456], [477].
See also Capital; Washington, D.C.
Divina Pastora case, 4, [128].
Division of powers, arguments on, during Ratification, 1, [320], [334], [375], [382], [388], [405], [438];
supremacy of National powers, 4, [293], [302-08], [347-49], [438].
See also Nationalism.
Divorce, by legislation, 2, [55 n.]
Doddridge, Philip, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [502 n.];
on attack on Supreme Court, [515].
Domicil in enemy country, enemy character of property, 4, [128], [129].
Dorchester, Lord, Indian speech, 2, [111].
Drake, James, and sedition trial, 3, [32].
Dred Scott case, and declaring Federal acts void, 3, [132 n.]
Dress, frontier, 1, [40];
of Virginia legislators, [59], [200];
contrast of elegance and squalor, [280];
of early National period, 3, [396], [397].
Drinking, in colonial and later Virginia, 1, [23];
rules of William and Mary College on, [156 n.];
extent (c. 1800), [186 n.], [281-83], 2, [102 n.], 3, [400], [501 n.];
M.'s wine bills, 1, [186];
distilleries, 2, [86 n.];
at Washington, 3, [9];
frontier, 4, [189 n.]
Duane, William, prosecution by Senate, 2, [454 n.];
trial for sedition, 3, [46 n.];
advances to Blennerhassett, [514].
See also Aurora.
Duché, Jacob, beseeches Washington to apostatize, 1, [105].
Duckett, Allen B., and Swartwout and Bollmann, 3, [346].
Dueling, prevalence, 3, [278 n.]
Dunbar, Thomas, in Braddock's defeat, 1, [5].
Dunbaugh, Jacob, and trial of Burr, evidence, 3, [393], [459], [462], [463];
credibility destroyed, [523].
Dunmore, Lord, Norfolk raid, 1, [74-79].
Dutrimond, ——, and X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [326].
Duval, Gabriel, appointed Justice, 4, [60];
and Dartmouth College case, [255];
dissent in Ogden vs. Saunders, [482 n.];
resigns, [582], [584];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583].
Dwight, Theodore, on Republican rule (1801), 3, [12].
Early, Peter, argument in Chase trial, 3, [197].
Eaton, John H., on Supreme Court, 4, [451].
Eaton, William, on Jefferson, 3, [149 n.];
antagonism to Jefferson, [302];
career in Africa, [302 n., 303 n.];
conference with Burr, report of it, [303-05], [307];
affidavit on Burr's statement, [345], [352];
claim paid, [345 n.];
at trial of Burr, testimony, [429], [452], [459], [487];
loses public esteem, [523].
Economic conditions, influence on Federal Convention and Ratification, 1, [241], [242], [310], [312], [429 n.], [441 n.];
prosperity during Confederation, [306];
influence on attitude towards French Revolution, 2, [42];
and first parties, [75], [96 n.], [125 n.]
See also Banking; Commerce; Contracts; Crisis of 1819; Land; Prices; Social conditions.
Edinburgh Review, on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [271];
on United States (1820), 4, [190 n.]
Education, of colonial Virginia women, 1, [18 n.], [24 n.];
in colonial Virginia, [24];
M.'s, [42], [53], [57];
condition under Confederation, [271-73];
M. on general, 4, [472].
See also Dartmouth College vs. Woodward; Social conditions.
Eggleston, Joseph, grand juror on Burr, 3, [412].
Egotism, as National characteristic, 3, [13].
Eighteenth Fructidor coup d'état, 2, [230], [245 n., 246 n.];
M. on, [232], [236-44];
Pinckney and, [246 n.]
Elections, Federal, in Virginia (1789), 2, [49], [50];
(1794), [106];
State, in Virginia (1795), [129-30];
Henry and presidential candidacy (1796), [156-58];
M.'s campaign for Congress (1798), [374-80], [401], [409-16];
issues in 1798, [410];
methods and scenes in Virginia, [413].
1800:
Federalist dissensions, Hamiltonian plots, 2, [438], [488], [515-18], [521], [526];
issues, [439], [520];
influence of campaign on Congress, [438];
Federalist bill to control, M.'s defeat of it, [452-58];
effect of defeat of bill, [456];
effect of Federalist dissensions, [488];
Adams's attack on Hamiltonians, [518], [525];
Adams's advances to Jefferson, [519];
Republican ascendancy, [519], [521];
and new French negotiations, [522], [524];
M.'s efforts for Federalist harmony, [526];
Hamilton's attack on Adams, [527-29];
campaign virulence, [529];
size of Republican success, [531];
Federalist press on result, [532 n.];
Jefferson-Burr contest in Congress, [532-47];
Jefferson's fear of Federalist intentions, [533];
reasons for Federalist support of Burr, [534-36];
Burr and Republican success, [535 n.];
M.'s neutrality, [536-38];
his personal interest in contest, [538], [539];
influence of his neutrality, [539];
Burr's refusal to favor Federalist plan, [539 n.];
Washington Federalist's contrast of Jefferson and Burr, [541 n.];
question of deadlock and appointment of a Federalist, [541-43];
Jefferson's threat of armed resistance, [543];
Federalists ignore threat, [544], [545 n.];
effect of Burr's attitude and Jefferson's promises, [545-47], 3, [18];
election of Jefferson, 2, [547];
rewards to Republican workers, 3, [81 n.]
1804:
Campaign and attacks on Judiciary, 3, [184].
1812:
M.'s candidacy, 4, [31-34];
Clinton as candidate, [47];
possible victory if M. had been nominated, [47].
1828:
M. and, [462-65].
1832:
Bank as issue, [532 n.], [533];
M.'s attitude, [534].
Electoral vote, counting in open session, 3, [197].
Eleventh Amendment, origin, 2, [84 n.], 3, [554];
purpose and limitation, 4, [354];
and suits against State officers, [385], [387-91].
Elkison, Henry, case, 4, [382].
Elliot, James, on Wilkinson's conduct, 3, [358].
Elliot, Jonathan, inaccuracy of Debates, 1, [388 n.]
Ellsworth, Oliver, and presidential candidacy (1800), 2, [438];
on Sedition Law, [451];
resigns Chief Justiceship, [552];
and common-law jurisdiction on expatriation, 3, [27], 4, [53];
and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [53], [128];
on obligation of contracts, [558 n.]
Ellsworth, William W., and attack on Supreme Court, 4, [515].
Emancipation, as involved in Nationalist development, 4, [370], [420], [536].
Embargo Act, 4, [11];
effect, opposition, [12-16];
M.'s opinion, [14], [118];
Force Act, [16];
repeal, [22].
See also Neutral trade.
Emmet, Thomas A., as practitioner before M., 4, [95], [135 n.];
counsel in Nereid case, [131];
appearance, [133];
counsel in Gibbons vs. Ogden, [424], [427].
Eppes, John W., and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 3, [348];
and amendment on Judiciary, 4, [378 n.]
Eppes, Tabby, M.'s gossip on, 1, [182].
Equality, demand for division of property, 1, [294], [298];
lack of social (1803), 3, [13].
Equity, M. and Virginia act on proceedings (1787), 1, [218-20].
See also Judiciary.
Erskine, David M., non-intercourse controversy, 4, [22].
Everett, Edward, and Madison's views on Nullification, 4, [556].
Exchange case, 4, [121-25].
Excise, unpopularity of Federal, 2, [86];
New England and, [86 n.]
See also Taxation; Whiskey Insurrection.
Exclusive powers, and State bankruptcy laws, 4, [208-12].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Expatriation, Ellsworth's denial of right, 3, [27];
and impressment, [27 n.]
See also Impressment.
Exterritoriality of foreign man-of-war, 4, [122-25].
Extradition, foreign, Virginia act (1784), 1, [235-41];
Jonathan Robins case, 2, [458-75].
"Faction," as a term of political reproach, 2, [410 n.]
Fairfax, Baron, career and character, 1, [47-50];
influence on Washington and M.'s father, [50].
See also Fairfax estate.
Fairfax, Denny M., M.'s debt, 3, [223];
and Hunter's grant, 4, [147];
sale of land to M.'s brother, [150 n.]
Fairfax estate, M.'s argument on right, 1, [191-96];
M.'s purchase and title, [196], 2, [100], [101], [203-11], [371], [373], 3, [582];
in Reconstruction debate, 1, [447-49], [458];
Jay Treaty and, 2, [129];
controversy over title, Virginia Legislature and compromise, [206], [209], 4, [148-50];
and Judiciary Bill (1801), 2, [551];
M.'s children at, 4, [74];
M.'s life at, [74].
See also Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee.
Fairfax's Devisee vs. Hunter's Lessee. See Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee.
Falls of the Ohio, Burr's plan to canalize, 3, [291 n.]
Farmicola, ——, tavern in Richmond, 1, [172].
Farrar, Timothy, Report of Dartmouth College case, 4, [250 n.]
Fauchet, Jean A. J., and Randolph, 2, [146].
Fauquier County, Va., minute men, 1, [69].
Faux, William, on frontier inhabitants, 4, [188], [189 n.], [190], [190 n.]
Federal Constitution, constitutionality of assumption, 2, [66];
Bank, [71-74];
and party politics, [75];
excise, [87];
neutrality proclamation, [95];
treaty-making power, [119], [128], [133], [134-36], [141];
Alien and Sedition Acts, [383], [404].
See also Amendment; Federal Convention; Government; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); Nationalism; Ratification; State Rights.
Federal Convention, economic mainspring, 1, [241], [242], [310], [312];
demand for a second convention, [242], [248], [355], [362], [379-81], [477], 2, [49], [57 n.];
class of Framers, 1, [255 n.];
secrecy, [323], [335], [405];
revolutionary results, [323-25], [373], [375], [425];
and declaring acts void, 3, [114-16];
M.'s biography of Washington on, [262];
and treason, [402];
on obligation of contracts, [557 n., 558 n.];
commerce clause, 4, [423].
See also Ratification.
Federal District. See District of Columbia.
Federalist, influence on Marbury decision, 3, [119], [120].
Federalist Party, use, 2, [74-76];
economic basis, [125 n.];
leaders impressed by M. (1796), [198];
effect of X. Y. Z. Mission, [355], [358];
fatality of Alien and Sedition Acts, [361], [381];
issues in 1798, [410];
French hostility as party asset, [422], [424], [427];
and Adams's renewal of negotiations, [422-28];
and pardon of Fries, [429-31];
M.'s importance to, in Congress, [432], [436];
M. and breaking-up, [514], [515], [526];
hopes in control of enlarged Judiciary, [547], [548];
in defeat, on Republican rule, 3, [11-15];
Jefferson on forebodings, [14];
Judiciary as stronghold, Republican fear, [20], [21], [77];
and plans against Judiciary, [22];
and perpetual allegiance, [27 n.];
and Louisiana Purchase, [148-53];
and impeachment of Chase, [173];
moribund, [256], [257];
M. on origin, [259-61];
secession plots and Burr, [281], [298];
intrigue with Merry, [281], [288];
as British partisans, 4, [1], [2], [9], [10];
and Chesapeake-Leopard affair, [9];
and Embargo, [12-17];
and Erskine, [22];
and War of, 1812, [30], [45], [46], [48].
See also Congress; Elections; Politics; Secession.
Fenno, John, on troubles of conservative editor, 2, [30].
Fertilizing Co. vs. Hyde Park, 4, [279 n.]
Few, William, and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129].
Fiction, M.'s fondness, 1, [41], 4, [79].
Field, Peter, 1, [11 n.]
Filibustering, first act against, 1, [237].
Finances, powerlessness of Confederation, 1, [232], [295-97], [304], [387], [388], [415-17].
See also Banking; Bankruptcy; Debts; Economic conditions; Money; Taxation.
Finch, Francis M., on treason, 3, [401].
Findley, John, on Yazoo claims, 3, [579].
Finnie, William, relief bill, 1, [215].
Fisher, George, M.'s neighbor, 2, [172];
and Bank of Virginia, 4, [194].
Fiske, John, on Dartmouth College case, 4, [277].
Fitch, Jabez G., and Lyon, 3, [31], [32].
Fitch, John, steamboat invention, 4, [399 n.], [409 n.]
Fitzhugh,——, at William and Mary, 1, [159].
Fitzhugh, Nicholas, and Swartwout and Bollmann, 3, [346].
Fitzhugh, William H., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [501 n.]
Fitzpatrick, Richard, in Philadelphia society, 1, [110].
Fleming, William, of Virginia Court of Appeals, 4, [148].
"Fletcher of Saltoun," attack on M., 4, [361 n.]
Fletcher, Robert. See Fletcher vs. Peck.
Fletcher vs. Peck, decision anticipated, 3, [88];
importance and results, [556], [593-95], [602];
origin, [583];
before Circuit Court, [584];
before Supreme Court, first hearing, [585];
collusion, Johnson's separate opinion, [585], [592], [601];
second hearing, [585];
M.'s opinion, [586-91];
congressional denunciation of decision, [595-601].
Fleury, Louis, Stony Point, 1, [140].
Flint, James, on newspaper abuse, 4, [175 n.];
on bank mania, [187], [188], [192 n.], [193];
on bankruptcy frauds, [202].
Flint, Timothy, on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [270].
Florida, Bowles's activity, 2, [497-99];
M. on annexation and territorial government, 4, [142-44].
See also West Florida.
Floyd, Davis, Indiana Canal Company, 3, [291 n.];
Burr conspiracy, [361].
Floyd, John, and Nullification, 4, [567].
Folch, Visente, on Wilkinson, 3, [284 n.], [337 n.]
Food, frontier, 1, [39];
of period of the Confederation, [280-82].
Foot, Samuel A., resolution and Hayne-Webster debate, 4, [553 n.]
Force Act (1809), 4, [16].
Fordyce, Captain, battle of Great Bridge, 1, [77].
Foreign relations, policy of isolation, 2, [235], [388], 3, [14].
See also Neutrality.
Forsyth, John, attack on Supreme Court, 4, [395].
Foster, Thomas F., attack on Supreme Court, 4, [516].
Foushee, William, Richmond physician, 1, [189 n.];
candidacy for Ratification Convention, [364];
and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, 2, [152];
grand juror on Burr, 3, [413].
Fowler, John, on Judiciary Act of 1801, 2, [561 n.]
France, American alliance, 1, [133], [138];
hatred of Federalists, 4, [2-5], [15].

See also Directory; Franco-American War; French and Indian War; French Revolution; Napoleonic Wars; Neutral trade; X. Y. Z. Mission.
Franco-American War, preparations, 2, [355], [357], [403];
Washington on, [357];
Jefferson and prospect, [358];
French hostility as Federalist asset, [422], [424], [427];
political result of reopening negotiations, [422-28], [433], [436];
naval exploits, [427];
M. and renewal of negotiations, [428];
M. on need of continued preparedness, debate on reducing army (1800), [436], [439], [476-81];
army as political issue, [439];
Sandwich incident, [496];
England and renewal of negotiations, [501];
negotiations and presidential campaign, [522], [524];
M. and prospects of negotiations, [522], [523];
treaty, [524];
treaty in Senate, [525];
Amelia case, 3, [16], [17].
See also X. Y. Z. Mission.
Franklin, Benjamin, Albany Plan, 1, [9 n.];
on newspaper abuse, [268], [269], 3, [204];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, [115 n.]
Franklin, Jesse, and Pickering impeachment, 3, [168 n.];
of Smith committee, [541 n.]
Franks, Rebecca, on British occupation of Philadelphia, 1, [109].
Fraud, and obligation of contracts, 3, [587], [598], [599].
Frederick County, Va., Indian raids, 1, [1 n.]
Fredericksburg, Va., as Republican stronghold (1798), 2, [354].
Free ships, free goods, Jay Treaty and, 2, [114], [128];
and X. Y. Z. Mission, [303-05];
and neutral goods in enemy ships, 4, [137-41].
"Freeholder," queries to M. (1898), M.'s reply, 2, [386-89], [574-77].
Freeman, Constant, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [330].
French and Indian War, raids, 1, [1], [30 n.];
Braddock's march and defeat, [2-5];
effect of defeat on colonists, [5], [6], [9].
French decrees on Neutral trade, 4, [6], [7], [26], [36-39].
French Revolution, influence of American Revolution, 2, [1];
influence on United States, [2-4], [42-44];
universality of early American approval, [4], [9];
Morris's unfavorable reports, [6-9], [248];
first division of American opinion, [10], [15], [22];
Burke's warning, [10-12];
influence of Paine's Rights of Man, [12-15];
Adams's Publicola papers, [15-18];
replies to them, [18], [19];
American enthusiasm and popular support, [19], [22], [23], [27-31];
influence on politicians, [20];
influence of St. Domingo rising, [20-22];
conservative American opinion, [23], [32], [40];
Jefferson on influence, [24], [39];
Jefferson's support of excesses, [24-26];
Short's reports, [24 n., 25 n.];
popular reception of Genêt, his conduct, [28], [29], [301];
humors of popular enthusiasm, [34-36];
and hostility to titles, [36-38];
American democratic clubs, [38-40], [88], [89];
economic division of opinion, [42];
policy of American neutrality, [92-107];
British depredations on neutral trade, question of war, [108-12];
Jay Treaty, [112-15];
support of Republican Party, [131 n.], [223];
Monroe as Minister, [222], [224];
Henry's later view, [411].
See also Directory.
Freneau, Philip, on country editor, 1, [270 n.];
on frontiersman, [275];
defends French Revolution, 2, [30 n.];
on Lafayette, [33];
as Jefferson's mouthpiece, [81];
attacks on Washington, [93 n.];
on Jay Treaty, [118].
Fries's Insurrection, pardons, 2, [429-31], 3, [36 n.];
M. on, 2, [435];
trial, [8], [34-36].
Frontier, advance after French and Indian War, 1, [38];
qualities of frontiersmen, [28-31], [235], [274-77], 4, [188-90];
conditions of life, 1, [39-41], [53], [54 n.];
and Virginia foreign extradition act (1784), [236-41].
See also West.
Frontier posts, retention and non-payment of British debts, 1, [225], [227], [230], 2, [108], [111];
surrender, [114].
Fulton, Robert, steamboat experiments, Livingston's interest, 4, [397-99];
partnership and success, grant of New York monopoly, [400];
and steamboats on the Mississippi, monopoly in Louisiana, [402], [414].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Fulton Street, New York, origin of name, 4, [402 n.]
Funding. See Public debt.
Fur-trade, and retention of frontier posts, 2, [108].
Gaillard, John, votes to acquit Chase, 3, [218].
Gaines, Edward P., and Burr conspiracy, 3, [367], [456 n.]
Gallatin, Albert, and M. in Richmond (1784), 1, [183];
on Murray and French negotiations, 2, [423 n.];
and cession of Western Reserve, [446];
and Jonathan Robins case, [464], [474];
on Jefferson-Burr contest, [547];
on Washington (1802), 3, [4];
commission on Georgia's cession, [574 n.]
Gamble, John G., Burr's security, 3, [429 n.]
Garnett, James M., grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Garnett, Robert S., on Nationalism and overthrow of slavery, 4, [536].
Gaston, William, and Granville heirs case, 4, [156 n.]
Gates, Horatio, Conway Cabal, 1, [121-23].
Gazette of the United States, lack of public support, 2, [30];
on M.'s reception (1798), [344];
on Republican success (1800), [532 n.]
Gazor, Madame de, actress, 2, [232].
General welfare, clause feared, 1, [333];
M. on protection (1788), [414];
and internal improvements, 4, [418].
See also Implied powers.
Georgetown in 1801, 3, [3].
Genêt, Edmond C., popular and official reception, 2, [28], [29];
M.'s review of conduct, [301].
Georgia, Ratification, 1, [325];
conditions (1795), 3, [552];
western claim and cession, [553], [569], [570], [573];
tax on Bank of the United States, 4, [207];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [334];
steamboat monopoly, [415].
See also Cherokee Indians; Yazoo.
Georgia Company, Yazoo land purchase, 3, [550].
See also Yazoo.
Georgia Mississippi Company, Yazoo land purchase, 3, [550].
See also Yazoo.
Germantown, Pa., battle, 1, [102].
Germantown, Va., on frontier, 1, [7].
Gerry, Elbridge, on revolutionary action of Framers, 1, [324];
and Ratification, [352], [353];
on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54];
accident (1790), [55 n.];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, [115 n.];
and on obligation of contracts, [558 n.]
See also X. Y. Z. Mission.
Gettysburg Address, M. and, 4, [293 n.]
Gibbons, Thomas, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [409-11].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Gibbons vs. Ogden, steamship monopoly in New York, 4, [401];
claim to monopoly in interstate voyages, opposition, retaliatory acts, [403], [404], [415];
early suits on monopoly, avoidance of Federal Constitution, [405];
Kent's opinion on monopoly and power over interstate commerce, [406-12];
concurrent or exclusive power, [409], [426], [427], [434-38], [443-45];
early history of final case, [409-12];
importance and effect of decision, [413], [423], [429], [446], [447], [450];
counsel before Supreme Court, [413], [423], [424];
continuance, [413];
increase of State monopoly grants, [414], [415];
great development of steamboat transportation, [415], [416];
suit and internal improvements controversy, [416-21];
and tariff controversy, [421];
political importance, [422];
specific question, [422];
origin of commerce clause in Constitution, [422];
argument, [424-37];
confusion in State regulation, [426];
M.'s earlier decision on subject, [427-29];
M.'s opinion, [429-33];
field of term commerce, navigation, [431], [432];
power oversteps State boundaries, [433];
supremacy of National coasting license over State regulations, [438-41];
effect of strict construction, [442];
Johnson's opinion, [443];
popularity of decision, [445];
later New York decision upholding, [447-51].
Gibson, John B., and M., 4, [82].
Gilchrist vs. Collector, 3, [154 n.]
Giles, William B., attack on Hamilton, 2, [84 n.];
on Jay Treaty and Fairfax estate, [129];
accuses M. of hypocrisy, [140];
on Washington, [165 n.];
deserts Congress (1798), [340 n.];
and Judiciary Bill (1801), [551];
and assault on Judiciary, repeal of Act of 1801, 3, [22], [76-78], 4, [490], [491];
as House leader, 3, [75];
appearance, [76];
and M., [76 n.];
accident (1805), [55 n.];
on spoils, [157];
leader in Senate, [157 n.], [159 n.];
on right of impeachment, [158], [173];
attempt to win Burr, [182];
and Chase trial, [197];
vote on Chase, [218], [219];
and bill to suspend habeas corpus (1807), [346];
and Judiciary and Burr trial, [357], [382], [507];
and grand jury on Burr, [410], [422];
and attempted expulsion of Senator Smith, [544];
on Yazoo claims, [581];
on Federalists as Anglicans, 4, [10];
and recharter of first Bank of the United States, [174];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484];
conservatism there, [489], [507];
in debate on State Judiciary, [490-492], [496], [499];
reflects on Jefferson, [491].
Gilmer, Francis W., on M. as a lawyer, 2, [178], [193-95];
character, [396 n.]
Gindrat, Henry, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [546], [547].
Goddard, Calvin, in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [74 n.], [87].
Goode, Samuel, and slavery, 2, [450].
Goodrich, Chauncey, on Federalist confusion (1800), 2, [516];
and new French negotiations, [522];
on Dartmouth College case, 4, [237 n.], [248].
Goodrich, Samuel G., on state of education (c. 1790), 1, [271].
Gordon, William F., and bill on Supreme Court, 4, [515], [516].
Gore, Christopher, argument for Ratification, 1, [343].
Gorham, Nathaniel, on Constitutionalist leaders in Massachusetts, 1, [347 n.]
Government, general dislike after Revolution, 1, [232], [275], [284], [285], [289];
effect of Paine's Common Sense, [288].
See also Anarchy; Bill of Rights; Confederation; Congress; Continental Congress; Crime; Demagogism; Democracy; Despotism; Division of powers; Federal Constitution; Judiciary; Law and order; Legislature; Liberty; License; Majority; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); Monarchy; Nationalism; Nobility; Nullification; People; Police powers; Politics; President; Religious tests; State Rights; Secession; Separation of powers; Treason; Suffrage.
Governor, powers of territorial, 2, [446].
Grace, brig, 2, [219].
Graham, Catharine M., on American and French revolutions, 2, [2 n.]
Graham, John, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [323], [324], [326], [456 n.]
Grand jury, character of early Federal charges, 3, [30 n.];
in Burr trial, [408-15], [422], [442], [451].
Granger, Gideon, and drinking, 3, [9 n.];
and Yazoo claims, Randolph's denunciation, [576 n.], [577], [578], [581];
and Connecticut Reserve, [578];
and Justiceship, 4, [109], [110].
Granville heirs case, 4, [154], [155], [155 n.], [156 n.]
Graves, James, case, 4, [552 n.]
Gravier, John, New Orleans batture controversy, 4, [102].
Gray, William F., on M., 4, [67 n.]
Graydon, Alexander, on Ratification in Pennsylvania, 1, [327 n.];
on military titles, [328 n.];
on reception of Genêt, 2, [29].
Grayson, William, in the Legislature, 1, [203];
on Ratification in Virginia, [402], [403 n.];
characterized, [423];
in debate in Ratification Convention, [424-27], [431], [435], [436], [438], [461], [470];
appeal to fear, [439 n.];
on prospect of Ratification, [442], [444];
on Washington's influence on it, [475];
chosen Senator, 2, [50];
on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54].
Great Bridge, battle of, 1, [76-78].
Great Britain, Anti-Constitutionalist praise of government, 1, [391], [405], [426];
M.'s reply, [418];
depredations on neutral trade (1793-94), 2, [107], [108];
retention of frontier posts, [108];
unpreparedness for war with, [108-10];
courts war, [110-12];
Jay Treaty, [112-15];
American and French relations and X. Y. Z. Mission, [271], [283], [312], [321], [322];
French negotiations (1797), [295];
French preparations to invade (1798), [321], [322];
and Bowles in Florida, [498];
disruption of commission on British debts, compromise, [500-05];
and renewal of American negotiations with France, [501];
M.'s protest on depredations on neutral trade, [506-14];
Federalists as partisans, 4, [2-5], [9], [10];
Jefferson's hatred, [8], [11 n.], [26 n.]
See also American Revolution; British debts; Jay Treaty; Napoleonic Wars; Neutral trade; War of 1812.
Green, John. See Green vs. Biddle.
Green vs. Biddle, 4, [375], [376], [380].
Greene, Nathanael, on state of the army (1776), 1, [81];
intrigue against, [122];
as Quartermaster-General, [133];
Johnson's biography, 3, [267 n.]
Greene, Mrs. Nathanael, and Eli Whitney, 3, [555].
Gregg, Andrew, and reply to President's address (1799), 2, [436].
Grenville, Lord, and British debts, 2, [502].
Grey, Sir Charles, in Philadelphia campaign, 1, [100].
Greybell, ——, evidence in Burr trial, 3, [451].
Griffin, Cyrus, Ware vs. Hylton, 2, [188];
and trial of Burr, 3, [398];
Jefferson's attempt to influence, [520];
question of successor, 4, [100], [103-06];
career, [105 n.]
Grigsby, Hugh B., on hardships of travel, 1, [260];
on prosperity of Virginia, [306 n.];
on importance of Virginia in Ratification, [359];
value of work on Virginia Ratification Convention, [369 n.];
on Giles, 3, [75 n.]
Griswold, Roger, Judiciary Bill (1801), 2, [548];
in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [74 n.], [89];
on bill on sessions of Supreme Court, [96];
on secession, [152];
and Burr and secession, [281], [289].
Grundy, Felix, and War of 1812, 4, [29].
Gunn, James, on enlargement of Federal Judiciary, 2, [548];
on Chief Justiceship, [553];
and Yazoo lands, 3, [549], [550], [555];
character, [550 n.];
burned in effigy, [559].
Gurley, R. R., and M. and American Colonization Society, 4, [474].
Habeas corpus, attempt of Congress to suspend privileges of writ (1807), 3, [346-48].
Hague, The, M. on, 2, [231].
"Hail, Columbia!" origin, historic importance, 2, [343].
Hale, Benjamin, and Dartmouth College case, 4, [239 n.]
Hale, Joseph, on Republican rule (1801), 3, [12];
on plans against Judiciary, [22].
Hall, John E., and Jefferson's attack on Judiciary, 4, [364].
Hamilton, Alexander, in Philadelphia campaign, 1, [101];
army intrigue against, [122];
on revolutionary action of Framers, [323 n.];
and organization of Constitutionalists, [357], [358];
on importance of Ratification by Virginia, [358];
compared with Madison, [397 n.];
financial aid to Lee, [435 n.];
and aid for Fenno, 2, [30 n.];
financial measures, [60];
deal on Assumption and Capital, [63], [64];
on Virginia's protest on Assumption, [68];
on constitutionality of Bank, [72-74];
and antagonism in Cabinet, [82];
congressional inquiry, [84];
and Whiskey Insurrection, [87];
on constitutionality of Neutrality Proclamation, [95];
on mercantile support of Jay Treaty, [116], [148];
mobbed, [116];
defense of Jay Treaty, Camillus letters, [120];
and Henry's presidential candidacy (1796), [157 n.];
and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, [227];
on Alien and Sedition Acts, [382];
on Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, [408];
control over Adams's Cabinet, [486-88];
attack on Adams, [516], [517 n.], [527-29];
on new French treaty, [524];
and Jefferson-Burr contest, [533], [536];
statement in Federalist on judicial supremacy, 3, [119], [120];
Adams on, and French War, [258 n.];
M.'s biography of Washington on, [263];
pursuit of Burr, [277 n.], [281];
duel, [278 n.];
and army in French War, [277 n.];
and Spanish America, [286 n.];
opinion on Yazoo lands, [568], [569];
and Harper's opinion, [572 n.]
Hamilton, James, Jr., on Tariff of 1824, 4, [537];
and of 1828, [537];
and Nullification, [560], [574].
Hammond, Charles, counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [385].
Hampton, Wade, and Yazoo lands, 3, [548], [566 n.]
Hancock, John, and Ratification, 1, [339], [344], [347];
Madison on, [339 n.]
Handwriting, M.'s, 1, [211].
Hanson, A. C, on Embargo and secession, 4, [17].
Harding, Chester, portraits of M., on M., 4, [76], [85].
Harding, Samuel B., on bribery in Massachusetts Ratification, 1, [354 n.]
Hare, Charles W., on Embargo, 4, [17 n.]
Harper, John L., Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [329], [330].
Harper, Robert G., on French and Jefferson (1797), 2, [279 n.];
mob threat against, [355];
cites Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [154 n.];
counsel for Chase, [185];
argument, [206];
counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, [345];
and Yazoo lands, pamphlet and debate, [555], [571], [572], [573 n.];
counsel in Fletcher vs. Peck, [585];
and Story, 4, [98];
on Pinkney, [131 n.];
counsel in Fairfax's Devisee vs. Hunter's Lessee, [156];
counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, [385].
Harper, William, Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [110].
Harrison, Benjamin, and British debts, 1, [231];
in the Legislature, [203];
in Ratification Convention: and delay, [372];
characterized, [420];
in the debate, [421];
and amendments, [473].
Harrison, Thomas, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Harrison, William Henry. Wilkinson's letter introducing Burr, 3, [298].
Hartford Convention, 4, [51].
Harvard University, M.'s sons attend, 4, [73];
honorary degree to M., [89].
Harvey, ——, and Jay Treaty, 2, [121].
Harvie, Emily, acknowledgment to, 4, [528 n.]
Harvie, Jacquelin B., and Callender trial, 3, [192];

M.'s son-in-law, [192 n.], 4, [73].
Harvie, Mary (Marshall), 3, [192 n.], 4, [73].
Haskell, Anthony, trial, 3, [31], [32].
Hauteval, ——, as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [276].
Hay, George, attack on M. in Jefferson-Burr contest, 2, [542];
career, [542 n.];
in Callender trial, 3, [38], [40];
as witness in Chase trial, [189];
and preliminary hearing on Burr, [370], [372], [373], [379], [380];
and pardon for Bollmann, [392], [450], [452], [453];
prosecutes Burr, [407];
and M., [408], 4, [78];
and instruction of grand jury, 3, [413];
and new commitment for treason, [415-17], [423-25];
on incitation of public opinion at trial, [420 n.];
and subpœna to Jefferson, [434], [435], [440], [518], [520];
reports to Jefferson, instructions from him, [430-32], [434], [448-51], [483], [484];
on M.'s statement of prosecution's expectation of conviction, [448], [449];
on Jackson at trial, [457 n.];
and confinement of Burr, [477];
on M. and Burr, [483], [484];
opening statement, [484];
on overt act, [500];
threat against M., [500], [501];
and further trials, [515], [521], [523], [524], [527];
on conduct of trial, [526];
fee, [530 n.];
pamphlet on impressment, 4, [52].
Hayburn case, 3, [612].
Hayne, Robert Y., on Tariff of 1828, 4, [537];
Webster debate, [552];
counter on Jackson's Nullification Proclamation, [564], [565].
Haywood, John, on M., 4, [66].
Haywood, M. D., anecdote on M., 4, [64 n.]
Hazard, ——, and Henry Lee, 1, [435 n.]
Haze, Samuel, and Dartmouth College troubles, 4, [226].
Health, conditions in Washington, 3, [6].
Heath, John, on Jay Treaty and Fairfax grant, 2, [129];
as witness in Chase trial, 3, [191], [192].
Heath, William, and Ratification, 1, [347].
Henderson, Archibald, in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [73].
Henderson, Archibald, acknowledgments to, 4, [63 n.], [64 n.], [66 n.]
Henderson, Richard H., on M., 4, [489 n.]
Henfield, Gideon, trial, 3, [25], [26].
Henry, Patrick, as statesman, 1, [32];
and Robinson's loan-office bill, [60];
Stamp-Act Resolutions, [62-65];
Resolutions for Arming and Defense, [66];
and Conway Cabal, [121];
in the Legislature, [203], [208];
and Council of State as a machine, [210];
and amendment of Virginia Constitution, [217];
and chancery bill (1787), [219];
and British debts, [226], [229 n.], [230], [441];
and Confederate navigation act, [235];
and extradition bill (1784), [239];
plan for intermarriage of Indians and whites, [240 n.];
and calling of Ratification Convention, [245];
fear of the Federal District, [291], [439 n.];
on popular majority against Ratification, [321];
feared by Constitutionalists, [358];
in campaign for Ratification delegates, [365];
in Ratification Convention: on revolutionary action of Framers, [373], [375];
and Nicholas, [374];
characterized, [375];
in the debate, [375], [388-91], [397-400], [403-06], [428-30], [433], [435], [438], [440], [441], [449], [464];
on consolidated government, [375], [388], [389], [433];
on power of the President, [390];
effect of speeches, [392], [403];
and Philips case, [393 n.], [398];
on Randolph's change of front, [398], [406];
defense of the Confederation, [388], [389], [399];
on Federal Government as alien, [389], [399], [428], [439 n.];
on free navigation of the Mississippi, [403], [430], [431];
on obligation of contracts, [428];
on payment of paper money, [429];
on declaring acts void, [429];
on danger to the South, [430];
on standing army, [435];
and M., [438], [464];
on need of a Bill of Rights, [440];
on Federal Judiciary, [449], [464];
on Indian lands, [464];
assault on, speculation, [465-67], 2, [203 n.];
in contest over recommendatory amendments, 1, [469-71], [474];
threat to secede from Convention, [472];
submits, [474], [478];
effect of French Revolution on, 2, [41], [411];
and opposition after Ratification, [48-50], [57 n.];
and Federal Convention, [60 n.];
and assumption of State debts, [65];
on Jefferson and Madison, [79];
and offer of Attorney-Generalship, [124-26];
Federalist, [124 n.];
and presidential candidacy (1796), [156-58];
on abuse of Washington, [164];
Ware vs. Hylton, [188];
champions M.'s candidacy for Congress (1798), [411-13];
on Virginia Resolutions, [411];
Jefferson on support of M., [419], [420];
and Chief Justiceship, 3, [121 n.];
in M.'s biography of Washington, [244];
and Yazoo lands, [554].
Herbert, George, on War of 1812, 4, [51 n.]
Heyward, Mrs. ——, M. and, 2, [217].
Higginson, Stephen, on Gerry, 2, [364].
High seas, M. on jurisdiction over crimes on, 2, [465-67];
as common possession, 4, [119].
Hill, Aaron, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [43].
Hill, Jeremiah, on Ratification contest, 1, [341];
on importance of Virginia in Ratification, [358].
Hillard, George S., on M., 4, [61 n.]
Hillhouse, James, and Burr, 3, [281];
and secession, [281], [289];
on Adams's report on Burr conspiracy, [544];
and Embargo, 4, [13].
Hinson, ——, and Burr, 3, [367].
Hitchcock, Samuel, Lyon trial, 3, [31 n.]
Hite vs. Fairfax, 1, [191-96].
Hobby, William J., pamphlet on Yazoo lands, 3, [573 n.]
Hoffman, J. Ogden, counsel in Nereid case, 4, [131].
Hollow, The, M.'s early home, 1, [36-38].
Holmes, John, in Ratification Convention, 1, [346].
Holmes, John, counsel in Dartmouth College case, 4, [239], [253].
Holmes vs. Walton, 3, [611].
Holt, Charles, trial, 3, [41].
Hooe, Robert T., Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [110].
Hopkinson, Joseph, "Hail, Columbia!" 2, [343];
counsel for Chase, 3, [185];
argument, [198];
on Embargo, 4, [12 n.];
as practitioner before M., [95];
counsel in Sturges vs. Crowninshield, [209];
counsel in Dartmouth College case, [238], [254], [258], [259];
and M., [238 n.];
appointment as District Judge, [238 n.];
appearance, [254];
fee and portrait in Dartmouth case, [255 n.];
and success in case, [274];
counsel in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [285].
Horatius articles, 2, [541 n., 542 n.]
Horses, scarcity, 1, [162 n.]
Hortensius letter, 2, [542].
Hottenguer, ——, and M.'s purchase of Fairfax estate, 2, [205];
as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, [259-65], [272-78], [281].
House of Burgesses, M.'s father as member, 1, [58];
control by tide-water aristocracy, [59];
Robinson case, [60];
Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions, sectional divergence, [61-65].
See also Legislature of Virginia.
Houses, M.'s boyhood homes, 1, [37], [55];
of period of Confederation, [280], [281].
Hovey, Benjamin, Indiana Canal Company, 3, [291 n.]
Howard, Samuel, steamboat monopoly, 4, [415].
Howe, Henry, on frontier illiteracy, 1, [272 n.]
Howe, Sir William, Pennsylvania campaign, 1, [92-106].
Hudson River. See Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Hulme, Thomas, on frontiersmen, 4, [189 n.]
Humor, M.'s quality, 1, [73], 4, [62], [78], [83].
Humphries, David, on Shays's Rebellion, 1, [299].
Hunter, David. See Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee.
Hunter, William, counsel in Sturges vs. Crowninshield, 4, [209].
Hunter vs. Fairfax's Devisee, 2, [206-08].
See also Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee.
Huntingdon, Countess of, on M. as orator, 2, [188].
Huntington, Ebenezer, on Republican ascendancy (1800), 2, [521].
Hutchinson, Thomas, and declaring acts void, 3, [612].
Illinois, prohibits external banks, 4, [207];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [334].
Illiteracy, at period of Confederation, 1, [272];
later prevalence, 3, [13 n.]
See also Education.
Immigration. See New York vs. Miln.
Immunity of foreign man-of-war, 4, [122-25].
Impeachment, proposed amendment on, 2, [141];
as weapon against Federalist judges, 3, [21];
Monroe's suggestion for Justices (1802), [59];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, [73], [80], [81];
expected excuse in Marbury vs. Madison opinion, [62 n.], [112], [113];
as second phase of attack on Judiciary, [111];
Pickering case, [111], [164-68];
State case of Judge Addison, [112], [163], [164];
and opinion in Marbury vs. Madison, [143], [153], [155];
M.'s fear, [155], [176-79], [192], [196];
for political or indictable offense, [158], [164], [165], [168 n.], [173], [198-200], [202], [207], [206-12];
of all Justices planned, [159], [160], [173], [176], [178];
Marshall as particular object, [161-63];
of Chase voted, [169];
Jefferson and attitude of Northern Republicans, [170], [221];
House manager, [170];
public opinion prepared for trial of Chase, [171];
articles against Chase, [171], [172];
despair of Federalists, [173];
and Yazoo frauds, [174];
arrangement of Senate, [179], [180];
Burr as presiding officer, [180], [183];
efforts of Administration to placate Burr, [181-83];
seat for Chase, [183];
his appearance, [184];
his counsel, [185];
Randolph's opening speech, [187-89];
testimony, [189-92];
M. as witness, [192-96];
conferences of Giles and Randolph, [197];
argument by Manager Early, [197];
by Manager Campbell, [198];
by Hopkinson, [198-201];
Chase trial as precedent, [201];
argument by Key, [201];
by Lee, [201];
by Martin, [201-06];
by Manager Nicholson, [207-10];
by Manager Rodney, [210-12];
by Manager Randolph, [212];
Randolph's praise of M., its political importance, [214-16];
Chase trial and secession, [217];
vote, acquittal, [217-20];
importance of acquittal, [220];
programme abandoned, [222], [389];
M. and acquittal, [222];
threat against M. during Burr trial, [500], [501], [503], [512], [516];
Jefferson urges it, [530-32];
foreign affairs prevent, [545].
Implied powers, in contest over Assumption, 2, [66], [67];
in Bank controversy, [71-74];
M. upholds (1804), 3, [162];
interpretation of "necessary and proper laws," 4, [285], [286], [294-301], [316], [337].
See also Nationalism.
Import duties, unconstitutionality of State license on importers, 4, [455-57].
See also Tariff.
Impressment, by British, 2, [107], 4, [8];
M.'s protest, 2, [513];
and perpetual allegiance, 3, [27 n.];
Chesapeake-Leopard affair, [475-77], 4, [9];
discussion of right, [52], [53];
M.'s later opinion, [53-55].
See also Neutral trade.
Imprisonment for debt, 3, [13 n.], [15 n.];
M. on, and obligation of contracts, 4, [215], [216].
Independence, germ in Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions, 1, [63];
anticipation of Declaration, 3, [118];
M.'s biography of Washington on Declaration, [244].
Indian Queen, boarding-house, 3, [7].
Indiana, prohibition on external banks, 4, [207];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [334].
Indiana Canal Company, 3, [291 n.]
Indians, frontier raid, 1, [1], [30 n.];
Virginia's attempt to protect (1784), [236-41];
Henry's plan for intermarriage with whites, [240 n.], [241];
in Ratification debate, [465];
fear of, and Ratification, [476];
and British relations (1794), 2, [110], [111];
Bowlee's intrigue, [497-99];
and Yazoo lands, 3, [552], [553], [569], [570];
M. and policy toward, 4, [542 n.]
See also Cherokee Indians.
Individualism, as frontier trait, 1, [29], [275];
rampant, [285].
Ingersoll, Charles J., practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.]
Ingersoll, Jared, Hunter, vs. Fairfax, 2, [207].
Ingraham, Edward D., escort for M.'s body, 4, [588].
Inman, Henry, portrait of M., 4, [522 n.]
Innes, Harry, and Burr, 3, [318].
Innes, James, as lawyer, 1, [173];
characterized, [473];
in Ratification Convention, [474];
and Cabinet office, 2, [124];
Ware vs. Hylton, [188].
Insolvency. See Ogden vs. Saunders; Sturges vs. Crowninshield.
Inspection laws, State, and commerce clause, 4, [436].
See also Police powers.
Internal improvements, Potomac River (1784), 1, [217];
Burr's plan for Ohio River canal, 3, [291 n.];
M. and Virginia survey, 4, [42-45];
demand, [416];
Bonus Bill, Madison's veto, [417];
later debate, Randolph's speech on Nationalism, [418-21];
Jackson's pocket veto of River and Harbor Bill, [534].
International law, Jonathan Robins case, 2, [465-71];
Amelia case and law of prize, 3, [16], [17];
Adventure case, ocean as common property, 4, [119];
M.'s contribution, [121];
Exchange case, immunity of foreign man-of-war, [121-25];
United States vs. Palmer, Divina Pastora, belligerency of revolted province, [126-28];
Venus case, domicil and enemy character, [128], [129];
Nereid case, neutral property in enemy ship, [130], [135-42];
recognition of slave trade, [476], [477].
Iredell, James, Ware vs. Hylton, 2, [188];
on Virginia Resolutions, [399];
on Fries's Insurrection, [429], 3, [35];
and common-law jurisdiction, [25];
and declaring acts void, [117];
and constructive treason, [403].
Iron Hill engagement, 1, [93], [94].
Irving, Washington, on trial of Burr, 3, [400], [416], [432], [435], [456], [457 n.], [464 n.], [477], [478 n.]
Irwin, Jared, and Yazoo frauds, 3, [562].
Isham, Mary, descendants, 1, [10].
Isham family, lineage, 1, [10].
Isolation, M. and policy, 2, [235], [388], 3, [14 n.];
need in early Federal history, 4, [6];
local, [191].
See also Neutrality.
Iturrigaray, José de, and Wilkinson, 3, [329].
Jackson, Andrew, and Washington, 2, [165 n.];
duelist, 3, [278 n.];
and Burr conspiracy, [292], [295], [296], [305], [326], [361];
prepares for war with Spain, [313];
and rumors of disunion, [326];
at trial of Burr, denounce Jefferson and Wilkinson, [404], [429], [457], [471];
appearance, [404];
Burr's gratitude, [405];
battle of New Orleans, 4, [57];
M. and candidacy (1828), [462-65];
contrasted with M., [466];
M. on inauguration, [466];
appointments to Supreme Court, [510], [581], [582], [584], [584 n.];
war on the Bank, veto of recharter, [529-33];
pocket veto of River and Harbor Bill, [534];
place in M.'s inclination to resign, [519], [521];
M. and election of 1832, [534];
withdraws deposits from the Bank, [535];
Kent's opinion, [535 n.];
and Georgia-Cherokee controversy, [540], [541], [547], [548], [551];
M. rebukes on Cherokee question, [546];
Union toast, [557];
warning to Nullifiers, [558];
Nullification Proclamation, its debt to M., [562], [563];
M.'s commendation, [563];
reply of South Carolina, his inconsistency with attitude on Cherokee question, [564], [565];
recommends tariff reduction, [567];
Virginia and attitude on Nullification, [570];
character of Southern support, [578].
Jackson, Francis James, as Minister, 4, [23-26].
Jackson, James, on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54];
journey (1790), [55 n.];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, [61];
and Chase trial, [220], [221];
and Yazoo frauds, [560-62], [565];
resigns from Senate, [561].
Jackson vs. Clarke, 4, [165 n.]
James River Company, 2, [56].
Jameson, J. Franklin, acknowledgments to, 4, [63 n.], [68 n.]
Jarvis, Charles, in Ratification Convention, 1, [348].
Jarvis, William C, attack on M., 4, [362].
Jay, John, on frontiersmen and Indians, 1, [236], [237];
on demand for equality in all things, [295];
distrust of democracy, [300], [308];
on failure of requisitions, [305];
on decline of Continental Congress, [305 n.];
on ability to pay public debt, [306], [306 n.];
on extravagance, [306 n.];
Jay Treaty, 2, [113-15];
Ware vs. Hylton, [188];
refuses reappointment as Chief Justice, [552], 3, [120 n.];
and common-law jurisdiction, [24], [25];
on defective Federal Judiciary, [55];
and declaring acts void, [117];
and Manhattan Company, [287 n.];
and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [407].
Jay Treaty, cause of negotiations, 2, [108-13];
unpopularity of negotiation, [113];
humiliating terms, [114];
popular demonstrations against, [115-18], [120];
commercial and financial support, [116], [148];
Jefferson on, [118], [121];
question of constitutionality, [119], [128], [133-36];
Hamilton's defense, Camillus letters, [120];
attitude of Virginia, [120];
protests, [126];
typical address against, [126-29];
M.'s defense, [126], [129 n.];
and free ships, free goods, [128], [303-05];

resolutions of Virginia Legislature, [131-37];
indirect legislative censure of Washington, [137-40];
proposed constitutional amendments caused by, [141-13];
contest in Congress, petitions, [148], [149], [155];
Richmond meeting and petition favoring, [149-55];
M. and commissionship under, [200-02];
France and, [223];
and X. Y. Z. Mission, [303-08];
submitted to French Minister, [305];
and contraband, [306];
Jonathan Robins case under, [458-75];
disruption of commission on British debts, [500-02];
M. and disruption and compromise, [502-05];
Federal common-law trials for violating, 3, [24-29];
divulged, [63 n.];
settlement of British debts, [103];
and land grants, 4, [148], [153], [157]
Jefferson, Jane (Randolph), 1, [10], [11].
Jefferson, Peter, similarity to M.'s father, 1, [11];
ancestry, [11 n.]
Jefferson, Thomas,
pre-presidential years:
relations with M., 1, [9], [10];
similarity in conditions of M.'s birth, [11 n.];
Randolph and Isham ancestry, [10], [11];
Jefferson ancestry, [11], [12];
landed estate, [20 n.];
on Virginia society, [21], [22];
as statesman, [32];
accused of shirking duty during Revolution, [126-30];
in service of State, [128];
as Governor, [143];
and Arnold's invasion, [143-45];
and Rebecca Burwell, [149];
on William and Mary, [156];
licenses M. to practice law, [161];
as letter writer, [183 n.];
in Legislature, [203];
use of Council of State as a machine, [210];
chancery act (1777), [219];
on British debts, [223 n.], [228 n.], [295 n.];
debts for slaves, [224 n.];
cause of retained faith in democracy, [253];
on hardships of travel, [259];
use of cipher, [266 n.];
on license of the press, [270];
on sectional characteristics, [278-80];
inappreciative of conditions under Confederation, [286], [314-16];
on the Cincinnati, [292];
defense of Shays's Rebellion, preparation to lead radicalism, [302-04], 2, [52];
dislike of commerce, 1, [316];
on Randolph and Ratification, [378];
favors amendment before Ratification, [478];
influence of French Revolution on, 2, [4], [44];
on first movements of it, [5];
approbation of Rights of Man, [14], [15], [16 n.];
on Publicola papers, [19 n.];
on St. Domingo negro insurrection, [21];
on influence of French Revolution on American government, [24], [39];
upholds excesses of French Revolution, [25], [26];
on reception of Genêt, [29];
development of Republican Party, [46], [81-83], [91], [96];
political fortunes broken (1785), [46 n.];
first attitude toward Federal Constitution, [47];
cold reception (1789), [57];
deal on Assumption and Capital, [63], [64], [82 n.];
tardy views on unconstitutionality of Assumption, [70];
opinion on Bank of United States, [71];
converts Madison, [79];
attempt to sidetrack M. (1792), [79-81];
and antagonism in Cabinet, [82];
on results of funding, [85];
and Whiskey Insurrection, [90], [91];
opposition to Neutrality, [94];
resignation from Cabinet, [96];
and drinking, [102 n.];
attacks Jay Treaty, [118], [121];
accuses M. of hypocrisy (1795), [139], [140];
and abuse of Washington, [164];
growth of feud with M., [165];
on M.'s reason for accepting French mission, [211];
and Monroe's attack on Washington, [222 n.];
and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, [227];
and Gerry's appointment, [227];
experience in France contrasted with M.'s, [289];
and news of X. Y. Z. Mission, [335];
and X. Y. Z. dispatches, [336], [339-41];
and M.'s return and reception, [345], [346];
call on M., [346], [347];
and expected French War, [358];
open warfare on M., [358];
attempt to undo effect of X. Y. Z. Mission, [359-63], [368];
and Langhorne letter, [375 n.];
and Alien and Sedition Acts, hysteria, method of attack, [382], [384], [397], [399];
Kentucky Resolutions, [397];
expects M.'s defeat (1798), [411];
and M.'s election, [419];
on Henry's support of M., [419], [420];
on general election results (1798), [420];
and M.'s visit to Kentucky, [421];
on renewal of French negotiations, [428];
on M. and Disputed Elections Bill, [456];
and Jonathan Robins case, [459], [475];
blindness to M.'s merit, [475];
on Burr and Republican success (1800), [535 n.];
M.'s opinion (1800), [537];
Mazzei letter, [537 n., 538 n.];
and Judiciary Bill, [549], [550];
on Chief Justiceship (1801), [553 n.];
on midnight appointments, [561 n.], [562];
inappreciative of importance of M.'s Chief Justiceship, [562];
in Washington boarding-house, 3, [7];
on common-law jurisdiction of National Judiciary, [29];
on Lyon trial, [31];
on right of judges to declare acts void (1786), [117];
merits of Declaration of Independence, [118].
See also Elections (1800).
As President and after:
Wines, 3, [9];
M. on, as terrorist, [11];
on Federalist forebodings, [14];
on renewal of European War, [14];
policy of isolation, [14 n.];
and bargain of election, [18];
M. on inaugural, [18];
programme of demolition, caution, [18-20];
and popularity, [19 n.];
plans against National Judiciary, suppressed paragraph of message (1801), [20-22], [51-53], [57], [605], [606];
on Judiciary as Federalist stronghold, [21];
and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, [21 n.];
and subpœna in Burr trial, [33], [86 n.], [323], [433-47], [450], [454-56], [518-22];
and Callender, [36], [38];
on Giles, [75 n.];
partisan rewards by, [81 n.], [208];
Morris on, [90 n.];
as following Washington's footsteps, [100 n.];
and settlement of British debt controversy, [103];
and Adams's justices of the peace, [110];
desires to appoint Roane Chief Justice, [113];
and opinion in Marbury vs. Madison, [143-45], [154 n.], [431], [432];
branches of the Bank and practical politics, [145];
and New Orleans problem, [145], [146];
dilemma of Louisiana Purchase, [147-49];
secretiveness, [149];
scents Republican misgivings of assault on Judiciary, [155];
and Aurora's condemnation of Judiciary, [159 n.];
head of impeachment programme, [160];
and impeachment of Pickering, [164 n.], [165], [166];
and impeachment of Chase, [170];
break with Randolph, [174];
advances to Burr during Chase trial, [181], [182];
reward of Pickering trial witnesses, [181];
reëlected, [197];
Rodney's flattery, [212];
abandons impeachment programme, [221], [389];
plan to counteract M.'s biography of Washington, [228], [229];
preparation of Anas, [229];
M. on, in the biography, [244], [259], [263], [263 n.];
on the biography, [265-69];
on Botta's History, [266];
hostility to Burr, [279], [280];
and secession of New England, [283], 4, [15 n.], [30 n.];
and war with Spain, 3, [285], [301], [313], [383 n.];
and Miranda, [300], [301];
receives Burr (1806), [301];
hostility of naval officers, [302], [458 n.], [459 n.];
and Eaton, [302];
Eaton's report to, of Burr's plans, [304];
and other reports, [305], [310], [315], [317], [323], [338 n.];
Wilkinson's revelation of Burr's plans, [321], [322];
action on Wilkinson's revelation, proclamation, [324], [327];
Annual Message on Conspiracy, [337];
Special Message declaring Burr guilty, [339-41];
its effect, [341];
and Swartwout and Bollmann, [344], [391], [392], [430];
on arrest of Burr, [368 n.];
M.'s reflection on conduct in conspiracy, [376];
as prosecutor, prestige involved, on the trial, [383-91], [406], [417], [419], [422], [430-432], [437], [451], [476], [477], [499];
continued hostility to Judiciary, [384], [388], 4, [339], [362], [363], [368-70], [538];
on making stifled evidence at Burr trial public, 3, [422], [515];
pardons to obtain evidence, [392], [393];
M.'s defiance at trial of Burr, [404];
Jackson's denunciation, [404], [457 n.];
Hay's reports on Burr trial, [415];
on Martin, [450], [451];
bolsters Wilkinson, [472];
and Chesapeake-Leopard affair, [475-77], 4, [9];
orders further trials of Burr, 3, [515], [522];
and Daveiss's pamphlet, [525];
and attacks on M. during trial, [526], [535];
Message on trial, hints at impeachment of M., [530-32];
on Georgia's western claim, [553];
and Yazoo claims, [592];
prejudice-holding, 4, [2];
love of France, [3];
and attacks on neutral trade, [7 n.], [8], [9], [11];
hostility to England, [8], [11 n.], [26 n.];
on Federalist defense of British, [10];
toast on freedom of the seas, [23];
and Hay's pamphlet on impressment, [53];
on M.'s control over Supreme Court, [59];
and M.'s integrity, [90 n.];
enmity to Story, [98-100];
Livingston case and Madison's judicial appointments, [100-16];
control of Virginia politics, [146];
and Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [160];
and first Bank of the United States, [172];
and second Bank, [180 n.];
on Niles' Register, [183 n.];
on financial madness (1816), [186];
on crisis of 1819, [204];
on Nathaniel Niles, [227];
on charters and obligation of contracts, [230 n.];
and Taylor's exposition of State Rights, [339];
M. on Jefferson's later attacks, [363-66];
advocates resistance by States, [368];
and amendment on Judiciary (1821), [371], [378];
and demand for revision of Virginia Constitution, [468], [469], [502 n.], [508];
called theoretical by Giles, [491];
M.'s attitude toward, [579], [580].
Jenkinson, Isaac, account of Burr episode, 3, [538 n.]
Jennings, William H., Cohens vs. Virginia, 4, [345].
Johnson, James, and second Bank of the United States, 4, [196 n.], [288].
Johnson, Reverdy, counsel in Brown vs. Maryland, 4, [455 n.]
Johnson, Richard M., on Missouri question, 4, [341];
proposed amendment and attack on Judiciary, [371-79], [450].
Johnson, William, opinion on common-law jurisdiction, 3, [28 n.];
appointed Justice, [109 n.], [159 n.];
and mandamus, [154 n.];
biography of Greene, [266];
and release of Swartwout and Bollmann, [349];
opinion in Fletcher vs. Peck, [592];
character, 4, [60];
appearance, [132];
dissent in Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [157], [165], [166];
and Dartmouth College case, [255], [256], [258 n.];
dissent in Green vs. Biddle, [381 n.];
Nationalist opinion in Elkison case, [382], [383];
opinion in Osborn vs. Bank, [394];
opinion in Gibbons vs. Ogden, [443-45];
opinion in Ogden vs. Saunders, [481 n.];
dissent in Craig vs. Missouri, [513];
ill, [582];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583];
death, [584].
Johnson, William S., and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129].
Johnson, Zachariah, in Virginia Ratification Convention, 1, [474].
Johnson vs. Bourn, 2, [181 n.]
Johnston, Josiah S., on Nullification, 4, [555].
Johnston, Samuel, on hardships of travel, 1, [255].
Jonathan Robins case, facts, 2, [458];
Republican attacks, [459];
before Congress, proof that Nash was not American, [460];
basis of debate in House, [460], [461];
Republican attempts at delay, [461-64];
M.'s speech, [464-71];
exclusive British jurisdiction, [465], [466];
not piracy, [467];
duty to deliver Nash, [467];
not within Federal judicial powers, [468-70];
incidental judicial powers of Executive, [470];
President as sole organ of external relations, [470];
comments on M.'s speech, its effect, [471-75].
Jones, James, and slavery, 2, [450].
Jones, Walter, counsel in Fairfax's Devisee vs. Hunter's Lessee, 4, [156];
counsel in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [285], [286].
Joynes, Thomas R., on M., 4, [489 n.]
Judge-made law, and Federal assumption of common-law jurisdiction, 3, [23];
Johnson on, 4, [372].
See also Declaring acts void.
Judiciary, Federal, arguments on, during Ratification debate, 1, [334], [426], [444], [461], [464];
expected independence and fairness, [430], [451], [459];
and gradual consolidation, [446];
jury trial, [447], [449], [456], [457];
M. on, in Convention, [450-61];
inferior courts, [451];
extent of jurisdiction, [452], [454-56], 2, [468-70];
concurrent jurisdiction, 1, [452];
as a relief to State courts, [453];
proposed amendment on, [477];
British-debts cases, 2, [83];
suits against States, Eleventh Amendment, [83 n.], [84 n.], 3, [554], 4, [354], [385], [387-91];
proposed amendment against pluralism, 2, [141];
incidental exercise of powers by Executive, [470];
M. favors extension (1800), [531];
Federalist plans to retain control, [547], [548];
Republican plans against, 3, [19-22];
as Federalist stronghold, [21], [77];
Federalist expectation of assault, [22];
assumption of common-law jurisdiction, [23-29], [78], [84], 4, [30 n.];
conduct of sedition trials, 3, [29-43];
lectures from the bench, [30 n.];
results on public opinion of conduct, [47], [48];
defects in act of 1789, [53-56], [81], [117];
effect of Marbury vs. Madison on Republican attack, [143], [153], [155];
and campaign of 1804, [145];
assault and Federalist threats of secession, [151], [152];
Republican misgivings on assault, [155];
Aurora on, [159 n.];
removal on address of Congress, [167], [221], [389];
political speeches from bench, [169], [206];
M. suggests legislative reversal of judicial decisions, [177], [178];
stabilizing function in a republic, [200];
necessity of independence, [200], [204], [373];
Jefferson's continued hatred, [384], [388], 4, [339], [362-66], [368-70];
Federalist attacks, [30 n.];
effort for court of appeals above Supreme Court, [323], [325];
right of original jurisdiction, [385-87];
proposed amendment for limited tenure, [517 n.];
as interpreter of Constitution, [554].
See also Contracts; Declaring acts void; Impeachment; Judiciary Act of 1801; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); Supreme Court.
Judiciary, State, equity, 1, [218-20];
popular antagonism during Confederation, [297-99], 3, [23 n.];
conduct of sedition trials, [43-47];
conduct of Republican judges, [48 n.];
Virginia, as political machine, 4, [146], [485-88];
controversy over, in New Hampshire, [229], [230];
M.'s report on, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [485];
tenure of judges and discontinued offices, [485], [490], [493-501];
removal of judges, [485];
extent of reform demanded in Virginia, [488];
debate in her Convention, [489-501].
Judiciary Act of 1801, bill, 2, [548];
character of first Republican opposition to it, [549], [550], [555 n.];
Federalist toast, [548 n.];
debate and passage of bill, [550-52];
Fairfax estate in debate, [551];
midnight appointments, [559-62];
importance of repeal debate, 3, [50], [75];
Jefferson and attack, last hour changes in Message, [51-53], [605];
character of act, [53], [56];
extravagance as excuse for repeal, [57], [58], [64];
repeal debate in Senate, [58-72];
tenure of judge and abolition of office, [59], [63], [607-10];
and declaring acts void, [60], [62], [64], [67-71], [73], [74], [82], [85], [87], [91];
independence versus responsibility of Judiciary, [60], [61], [65], [68], [74], [88];
fear of Judiciary, [61];
Marbury vs. Madison in debate, [61 n.], [63], [78], [80], [86], [90];
select committee and discharge of it, [67], [68], [279];
indifference of mass of Federalists, [71];
vote in Senate, [72];
attempt to postpone in House, [72];
Federalist threats of secession, [72], [73], [82], [89], [93], [97], [98];
debate in House, [73-91];
and impeachment of Justices, [73], [80], [81];
Republican concern, [76 n.];
Republicans on origin of act, [76-78];
Supreme Court and annulment of repeal, [85], [91], [92], [95-97], [122], [123], 4, [489], [490];
predictions of effect of repeal, 3, [88];
Federal common-law jurisdiction, [78], [84], [89];
vote in House, [91];
reception of repeal, [92-94], [97-100];
act on disability of judges, [165 n.]
Jury trial, Reconstruction debate on Federal, 1, [447], [449], [456], [457], [464];
juries in sedition cases, 3, [42].
Kamper vs. Hawkins, 3, [612].
Keith, James, M.'s grandfather, career, 1, [17], [18].
Keith, James, on M., 4, [67 n.]
Keith, Mary Isham (Randolph), M.'s grandmother, 1, [10], [17].
Keith, Mary Randolph, M.'s mother, 1, [10].
See also Marshall, Mary Randolph (Keith).
Kendall, Amos, as Jackson's adviser, 4, [532 n.]
Kent, James, on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [265];
on Livingston vs. Jefferson, 4, [114];
standing as judge, [256];
and Dartmouth College case, [256], [258 n.];
and Supreme Bench, [256 n.], [369 n.];
on Livingston's steamboat monopoly and interstate commerce, [406-12], [430], [441];
on Jackson, [535 n.];
on M.'s decline, [586].
Kent, Joseph, votes for war, 4, [29 n.]
Kent, Moses, letters, 4, [84 n.]
Kenton, Simon, birth and birthplace, 1, [9 n.]
Kentucky, delegates in Ratification Convention, influences on, 1, [384], [399], [403], [411], [420], [430-32], [434], [443];

Virginia act for statehood, 2, [55];
land case, 3, [17];
and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, [58 n.];
Burr in, [291], [296], [313-19];
bank mania and distress, 4, [187], [204], [205];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [314], [334];
Green vs. Biddle, occupying claimant law, [375-77], [380-82].
See also next title.
Kentucky Resolutions, purpose, 2, [397];
Taylor's suggestion of nullification doctrine, [397];
production, [397];
importance, [398];
Hamilton on, [408];
consideration in Massachusetts, 3, [43];
Dana on, [45];
as Republican gospel, [105-08];
resolutions in Federalist States on, [105 n., 106 n.]
See also State Rights.
Kercheval, Samuel, and Jefferson's letter on Virginia Constitution, 4, [468], [469].
Key, Francis S., counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, 3, [345].
Key, Philip B., counsel for Chase, 3, [185];
argument, [201].
King, Rufus, on Ratification in Massachusetts, 1, [340], [347], [348 n.], [351];
and organization of Constitutionalists, [357];
and Henry's presidential candidacy (1796), 2, [156];
on M. as lawyer, [191];
and M. (1796), [198];
conciliatory letter to Talleyrand (1797), [252], [253];
and X. Y. Z. Mission, [286], [295], [364];
and presidential candidacy (1800), [438];
and British-debts dispute, [502-05], 3, [103];
on fever in Washington, [6];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, [115 n.];
and on obligation of contracts, [557 n.];
on Adams's Burr conspiracy report, [543 n.];
and Yazoo lands, [570];
on bank mania and crisis of 1819, 4, [181], [206 n.];
and American Colonization Society, [475].
Knox, Henry, army intrigue against, 1, [122];
on spirit of anarchy, [275];
on demand for division of property, [298];
on Shays's Rebellion, [300];
on Henry as Anti-Constitutionalist, [358];
support of Adams (1800), 2, [518];
enmity toward Hamilton, [518 n.]
Knox, James, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [473].
Kremer, George, attack on Clay, 4, [462 n.]
Labor, attitude toward, in colonial Virginia, 1, [21];
price (c. 1784), [181];
M. and problem, 4, [472].
Lafayette, Marquis de, on Washington at Monmouth, 1, [136];
on French indifference to reforms (1788), 2, [6];
value of letters on French Revolution, [7 n.];
and key of the Bastille, [9];
M. and imprisonment, [32-34];
and American Colonization Society, 4, [474], [476 n.]
Lamb, John, on Washington and Federal Constitution, 1, [331 n.]
Lamballe, Madame de, executed, 2, [27 n.]
Land, M. on colonial grants, 1, [191-96];
Virginia grants and Ratification, [445], [447-49], [458];
Indian purchases, [464], [465];
speculation, 2, [202];
M. on tenure in France (1797), [268-70];
Kentucky case, 3, [17];
importance in early National history, [556];
Kentucky occupying claimant law, 4, [375-77], [380-82].
See also Fairfax estate; Public lands; Yazoo.
Langbourne, William, Burr's security, 3, [429 n.], [517].
Langdon, John, on Ratification in New Hampshire, 1, [354].
Langhorne letter to Washington, 2, [375 n.]
Lanier, Clem, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [546], [547].
Lansing, John, decision on Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [405].
La Rochefoucauld Liancourt, Duc de, on Virginia social conditions, 1, [20 n.];
on frontiersmen, [275 n.], [276 n.], [281 n.];
on social contrasts, [280 n.];
on drinking, [282];
on court days, [284 n.];
on speculation and luxury in Philadelphia, 2, [85 n.];
on M. as a lawyer, [171];
on M.'s character, [196], [197].
Latrobe, B. H., and Burr, 3, [311 n.]
Law and lawyers, Virginia bar (1780), 1, [173];
extent of M.'s studies, [174-76];
M.'s argument in Hite vs. Fairfax, colonial land grants, [191-96];
M. as pleader, 2, [177-82], [192-96];
M.'s argument in Ware vs. Hylton, [186-92];
practice and evidence, 3, [18];
popular hostility, [23 n.];
M.'s popularity with, 4, [94];
character of practitioners before him, [94], [95], [132-35];
oratory and woman auditors, [133], [134];
as publicists, [135];
fees, [345 n.]
See also Judiciary.
Law and order, frontier license, 1, [29], [235], [239], [274];
M. on, 3, [402].
See also Government.
Lear, Tobias, on Ratification in New Hampshire, 1, [354], [354 n.];
and Eaton, 3, [303 n.]
Lecompte, Joseph, and Supreme Court, 4, [517 n.]
Lee, Arthur, and Beaumarchais, 2, [292 n.]
Lee, Gen. Charles, on militia, 1, [86];
Monmouth, [135-37].
Lee, Charles, of Va., and Jay Treaty, 2, [132], [133];
and legislative implied censure of Washington, [138];
and Federal office for M., [201];
Hunter vs. Fairfax, [207], 4, [156];
on M. and new French negotiations, 2, [428];
Aurora on, [492];
counsel in Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [126], [130 n.];
counsel for Chase, [185];
counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, [345];
counsel for Burr, on overt act, [500];
report on Yazoo lands, [570].
Lee, Henry, Randolph ancestry, 1, [10];
in charge of light infantry, [142];
Pawles Hook, [142];
in the Legislature, [208];
in Ratification Convention: and haste, [372];
characterised, [387];
in the debate, [387], [423], [430], [467];
taunts Henry, [406];
on prospects, [434];
Hamilton's financial aid, [435 n.];
on threat of forcible resistance, [467];
and Whiskey Insurrection, 2, [87];
and Fairfax estate, [100], [204];
and enforcement of neutrality, [104], [106];
and Jay Treaty, [132];
and Henry's presidential candidacy, [157];
candidacy (1798), [416];
and "first in war" description, [443-45];
and powers of territorial Governor, [446 n.];
and slavery, [449];
and Adams's advances to Jefferson, [519 n.];
and Jefferson, 4, [579].
Lee, Richard Henry, lease to M.'s father, 1, [51];
in the Legislature, [203], [208];
on distance as obstacle to Federal Government, [256];
on revolutionary action of Framers, [324];
in campaign for Ratification delegates, arguments, [366];
and title for President, 2, [36];
chosen Senator, [50].
Lee, Robert E., Randolph ancestry, 1, [10].
Lee, S., on Ratification contest, 1, [341].
Lee, Thomas Ludwell, lease to M.'s father, 1, [51].
Leggett, William, hostile criticism of M.'s career, 4, [591].
Legislature of Virginia, M.'s elections to, 1, [164], [202], [211], [212], [228], [242], 2, [54], [130], [159];
aspect and character after the Revolution, 1, [200-02], [205-08];
M.'s colleagues (1782), [203];
organisation (1782), [203];
M.'s committee appointments, [204], [213];
regulation of elections, [207];
commutable act, [207];
citizenship bill, [208];
relief bill for Thomas Paine, [213];
loyalists, [214];
insulted, [215];
avoids just debt, [215];
and amendment of State Constitution, [216];
Potomac River improvement, [217], [218];
chancery act, [218-20];
religious freedom, [221], [222];
British debts, [224-31];
and Confederate impost, [233];
and Continental debt, [234], [235];
and Confederate navigation acts, [234], [235];
foreign extradition act, [235-41];
calling of Ratification Convention, [244-48];
hope of Anti-Constitutionalists in, [462], [463], [468];
and Clinton's letter for second Federal Convention, [477];
attempt to undo Ratification, 2, [48-51], [57 n.];
measures (1789), [55-57];
ratifies first ten Federal amendments, [57], [58];
on assumption of State debts, [65-69];
and Federal suits on British debts, [83];
and suits against States, [83];
hostility to Bank of United States, [84];
and investigation of Hamilton, [84];
resolutions on Jay Treaty, [131-37];
virtual censure of Washington, [137-40];
Federal constitutional amendments proposed by, [141-43];
cold address to Washington (1796), [149-52];
and compromise on Fairfax estate, [208];
M. foretells Virginia Resolutions, [395];
passage of the Resolutions, [399];
Madison's address of the majority, [400], [401];
M.'s address of the minority, [402-06];
military measures, [406], [408];
proposed appropriation to defend Callender, 3, [38 n.];
Olmstead case and Nationalism, 4, [21 n.];
censure of M'Culloch vs. Maryland and restrictions on Missouri, [324-27];
proposed amendment on Federal Judiciary, [371], [378];
and Nullification, [558], [567-73].
See also House of Burgesses.
Leigh, Benjamin Watkins, practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [502 n.];
Virginia commission to South Carolina, [573];
tribute to M., [590];
and Quoit Club memorial to M., [592].
Leigh, Nicholas, practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.]
Leipzig, battle of, 4, [51].
Leopard-Chesapeake affair, 3, [475-77], 4, [9].
Letcher, Robert P., attack on Supreme Court, 4, [394].
Lewis, B., sells house to M., 1, [189].
Lewis, Morgan, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [409 n.]
Lewis, William, in Fries trial, 3, [35].
Lewis, William B., as Jackson's adviser, 4, [532 n.]
Lewis, William D., on opinion in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, 4, [289 n.]
Lex Mercatoria, as a vade mecum, 1, [186 n.]
Lexington, Ky., and Jay Treaty, 2, [118].
Liberty, J. Q. Adams on genuine, 2, [17], [18].
See also Government.
Libraries, in colonial Virginia, 1, [25].
License, unconstitutionally of State, of importers, 4, [454-59].
Lincoln, Abraham, resemblance to M., 4, [92], [93];
M.'s M'Culloch vs. Maryland opinion and Gettysburg Address, [293 n.];
as expounding M.'s doctrines, [344];
and Union and slavery, [473].
Lincoln, Benjamin, and the militia, 1, [86];
on Shays's Rebellion and Ratification, [343], [347 n.];
and Embargo, 4, [16].
Lincoln, Levi, midnight-appointments myth, 2, [561], [562];
and Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [126];
commission on Georgia cession, [574 n.];
and Justiceship, 4, [108], [109].
Lindsay vs. Commissioners, 3, [613].
Linn, James, and election of Jefferson, reward, 3, [81 n.]
Liston, Robert, and Bowles, 2, [498].
Literature, in colonial Virginia, 1, [24], [25], [43];
M.'s taste and reading, [41], [44-46], 4, [79], [80];
M.'s book-buying, 1, [184-86], 2, [170];
Weems's orders for books (c. 1806), 3, [252 n.], [253 n.]
Little vs. Barreme, 3, [273 n.]
Livermore, Samuel, on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54].
Livingston, Brockholst, on Fletcher vs. Peck, 3, [585];
appearance, 4, [132];
and Dartmouth College case, [255-57], [258 n.], [275];
death, [256 n.]
Livingston, Edward, and Jonathan Robins case, 2, [461], [474];
and Wilkinson's reign of terror, 3, [335];
Jefferson's hatred, [335 n.];
Batture litigation, Jefferson case, 4, [100-16];
later career, [115 n.];
Jackson's Nullification Proclamation, [562].
Livingston, John R. See North River Steamboat Co. vs. Livingston.
Livingston, Robert R., and steamboat experiments, 4, [398], [399];
grants of steamboat monopoly in New York, [399];
and steamboats on the Mississippi, monopoly in Louisiana, [402], [414];
monopoly and interstate voyages, [403], [404];
suits, [405-09].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Livingston, William, on militia, 1, [86];
on evils of paper money, [296].
Livingston vs. Jefferson, 4, [100-16].
Livingston vs. Van Ingen, 4, [405-09].
Loan certificates. See Craig vs. Missouri.
Localism, and isolation, 4, [191].
See also Nationalism; State Rights.
Logan, ——, on Ratification in Virginia, 1, [445].
London, John, and Granville heirs case, 4, [155 n., 156 n.]
Longstreet, William, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [546-48].
Lord, John K., acknowledgment to, 4, [233 n.]
Lotteries, popularity, 2, [56 n.];
for public funds, 4, [344 n.]
See also Cohens vs. Virginia.
Louis XVI and early French Revolution, 2, [31 n.]
Louisiana, admission as reason for secession, 4, [27];
grant of steamship monopoly, [402], [414].
Louisiana Purchase, retrocession to France, 3, [146];
Jefferson and problem of New Orleans, [146];
treaty, [147];
Jefferson's dilemma, [147-49];
attitude of Federalists, [148-53].
Louisville, first steamboat, 4, [403 n.]
Love, William, testimony in Burr trial, 3, [488].
Lovejoy, King, and Ratification, 1, [341].
Lovell, Sarah (Marshall), 1, [485].
Lowell, John, on Adams's Burr conspiracy report, 3, [543 n.];
as British partisan, 4, [9];
opposition to War of 1812, [45], [46];
on impressment, [53].
Lowdermilk, Will H., on Braddock's defeat, 1, [2 n.-6 n.]
Lowndes, William, and War of 1812, 4, [29];
on Bank of the United States, [289].
Lowrie, Walter, on Missouri question, 4, [342].
Loyalists, Virginia post-Revolutionary legislation, 1, [214];
support Ratification, [423 n.];
attitude (1794), 2, [110];
Federalists accused of favoring, 3, [32];
in M.'s biography of Washington, [245].
Lucas, John C. B., and Addison, 3, [47 n.]
Lucius letters, 2, [543 n.]
Luckett, John R. N., and Adair, 3, [336].
Lumpkin, Wilson, defies Supreme Court in Cherokee question, 4, [548], [551], [552 n.]
Lusk, Thomas, in Ratification Convention, 1, [346].
Lynch, Charles, and Burr, 3, [313].
Lynchburg, Va., tribute to M., 4, [591].
Lyon, Matthew, conviction for sedition, 3, [30], [31];
lottery to aid, [32];
Jefferson's favor, [81 n.];
and Burr, [292].
Lyons, Peter of Virginia Court of Appeals, 4, [148].
McAlister, Matthew, and Yazoo lands, 3, [555].
McCaleb, Walter F., on isolation of Burr, 3, [280 n.];
on Burr-Merry intrigue, [289 n.];
on Burr-Casa Yrujo intrigue, [290 n.], [300 n.];
on Morgans, [309 n.];
study of Burr conspiracy, [538 n.]
M'Castle, Doctor, in Burr conspiracy, 3, [491].
Maclay, Samuel, on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54];
of Smith committee, [541 n.]
McCleary, Michael, witness against Pickering, reward, 3, [181 n.]
McClung, James, professor at William and Mary, 1, [155 n.]
McClurg, James, Richmond physician, 1, [189 n.]
M'Culloch, James W. See M'Culloch vs. Maryland.
M'Culloch vs. Maryland, importance and underlying conditions, 4, [282], [290], [304], [308];
agreed case, facts, [283], [331];
public interest, [283];
counsel, [284];
argument, [285-88];
acquiescence in power to establish bank, [285], [291];
scope of implied powers, [285], [286], [294-301], [316], [337];
M.'s opinion, [289-308];
preparation of opinion, [290];
Federal government established by the people, [292];
supremacy of National laws, [293];
sources of power to establish bank, [295];
Federal freedom of choice of instruments, [301];
Federal instruments exempt from State taxation, [304-07];
and National taxation of State banks, [307], [308];
National powers paramount over State power of taxation, [302-04];
attack on opinion in Niles' Register, [309-12];
bank as monopoly, [310], [311], [338];
opinion as political issue, union of attack with slavery and secession questions, [311], [314], [325-27], [338], [339];
opinion as opportunity for Virginia attack on M., [312];
Roane's attack, [312-17];
M. and attacks, his reply, [314], [315], [318-23];
attack on concurring Republican Justices, [317];
Roane buys and M. sells bank stock, [317], [318];
demand for another court, [323], [325];
censure by Virginia Legislature, [324-27];
denunciation by Ohio Legislature, [330-33];
action by other States, [333-35];
denial of power to erect bank, [334], [336], [337];
Taylor's attack, [335-39];
Jefferson's comment, [339];
Jackson denies authority of decision, [530-32].
McDonald, Anthony, as teaching hatter, 1, [272].
McDonald, Joseph E., on M. as a lover, 1, [163 n.]
McDuffie, George, and non-intercourse with tariff States, 4, [538].
McGrane, R. C., acknowledgment to, 4, [318 n.]
McHenry, James, forced resignation, 2, [485];
on M. and State portfolio, [489];
on Adams's temperament, [489 n.];
on Federalist dissensions, [521];
and sedition trial, 3, [32].
M'Ilvaine vs. Coxe's Lessee, 4, [54 n.]
M'Intosh, Lachlan, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [547].
McKean, Thomas, in Ratification Convention, 1, [330], [332];
and pardon of Fries, 2, [429].
Mackie, ——, Richmond physician, 1, [189 n.]
M'Lean, John, relief bill, 1, [204].
McLean, Justice John, appointment, 4, [510];
dissent in Craig vs. Missouri, [513];
and M., [582];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583], [584 n.]
Macon, Nathaniel, and Chase impeachment, 3, [170].
MacRae, Alexander, prosecutes Burr, 3, [407];
on subpœna to Jefferson, [437];
on M.'s statement of prosecution's expectation of conviction, [448];
on overt act, [494];

in trial for misdemeanor, [522].
Madison, Bishop James, as professor at William and Mary, 1, [155].
Madison, James, as statesman, 1, [32];
in the Legislature, [203];
on post-Revolutionary Legislature, [205], [206];
on amendment of constitutions, [216];
and British debts, [226], [228];
and payment of Continental debt, [235], [440];
and extradition bill, [236], [239];
loses faith in democracy, [252], [300];
on state of trade (1785), [262];
use of cipher, [266 n.];
on community isolation, [285];
on demand for division of property, [294];
on spirit of repudiation, [295], [306];
fear of paper money, [297 n.];
on failure of requisitions, [305 n.];
on economic basis of evils under Confederation, [310], [311];
on need of uniform control of commerce, [312];
on need of negative on State acts, [312];
on opposition in Pennsylvania to Ratification, [338];
change of views, [338], [401], 2, [46], [50], [79];
on Ratification contest in Massachusetts, 1, [339];
on Hancock, [339 n.];
on Massachusetts amendments, [349];
on contest in New Hampshire, [355];
and Randolph's attitude on Ratification, [362], [363], [377];
on delegates to the Virginia Convention, [367];
in Ratification Convention: and detailed debate, [370];
and offer of conciliation, [384];
on prospects of Convention, [384], [434], [462];
participation in debate deferred, [384];
characterized, [394];
in the debate in Convention, [394], [395], [397], [421], [428], [430-32], [440], [442], [449], [470];
compared with Hamilton, [397 n.];
on Oswald at Richmond, [402];
on opposition's policy of delay, [434];
on treaty-making power, [442];
and gradual consolidation, [446];
on Judiciary, [449];
on Judiciary debate, [461], [462];
in contest over recommendatory amendments, [473];
on personal influence in Ratification, [476];
on Publicola papers, 2, [15 n.], [19];
influence on, of popularity of French Revolution, [20], [27];
on opposition after Ratification, [45];
defeated for Senate, [49], [50];
elected to the House, [50 n.];
attacks M. (1793), [99], [100];
and M.'s integrity, [140];
and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, [227], [281];
on X. Y. Z. dispatches, [340];
on Alien Act, [382];
Virginia Resolutions, [399];
address of the Legislature, [400], [401];
and Adams's Cabinet, [487];
on Washington's and Adams's temperaments, [487 n.];
on champagne, 3, [10 n.];
and Marbury vs. Madison, [110], [111], [126];
on declaring acts void, [115 n.], [120 n.];
and Judiciary Act of 1789, [129];
and M.'s biography of Washington, [228], [229];
and Miranda, [300], [301];
and trial of Burr, [390-92];
and Andrew Jackson, [405];
and Ogden-Smith trial, [436 n.];
and J. Q. Adams, [541 n.];
on obligation of contracts, [558 n.], 4, [245];
commission on Georgia cession, 3, [574 n.];
inauguration, [585];
and Fletcher vs. Peck, [593];
and Olmstead case, 4, [21];
Erskine incident, [22];
and Minister Jackson, [23];
and Napoleon's pretended revocation of decrees, [26], [36-39], [48-50];
War Message, [29];
M. proposed as opponent for Presidency (1812), [31-34];
dismisses Smith, [34];
and Hay's pamphlet on impressment, [53];
Jefferson and appointment of Tyler as District Judge, [103-06];
and successor to Justice Cushing, [106-10];
and first Bank of the United States, [172];
and second Bank, [180];
and attack on Judiciary, [371], [378];
veto of Bonus Bill, [417];
Randolph's arraignment, [419];
on commerce clause, [423 n.];
and American Colonization Society, [474], [476 n.];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484];
conservatism there, [489], [507];
and tenure of judges of abolished court, [496], [500];
on Nullification, [556];
M. on it, [557];
later explanation of Virginia Resolves, [557].
Mail, conditions (c. 1790), 1, [264-66];
secrecy violated, [266].
Maine, Sir Henry S., on Dartmouth College case, 4, [277].
Maine, and Nullification, 4, [559].
Majority, decrease in faith of rule by, 1, [252], [253];
rights, 2, [17];
M. on rule, [402].
See also Democracy; Government.
Malaria, in Washington, 3, [6].
Mandamus jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Judiciary Act of 1789, M.'s opinion of unconstitutionality, 3, [127], [128], [132], [133];
general acceptance of jurisdiction, [128-30].
Manhattan Company, Burr and charter, 3, [287 n.]
Manufactures, M. on conditions in France (1797), 2, [267], [268];
effect of War of 1812, 4, [57].
Marbury, William, Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [110].
Marbury vs. Madison, underlying question, 3, [49], [50], [75], [104-09], [116], [118], [127], [131], [142];
references to, in Judiciary debate (1802), [61 n.], [63], [78], [80], [86];
expected granting of mandamus, [62 n.], [90 n.], [112];
arguments anticipated, M.'s knowledge of earlier statements, [75], [116-20], [611-13];
facts of case, [110], [111];
as vehicle for assertion of constitutional authority of Judiciary, dilemma and its solution, [111], [126-33];
dangers in M.'s course, [111-14];
M.'s personal interest, [124], [125];
practical unimportance of case, [125];
hearing, [125], [126];
M.'s opinion, [133-42];
right to commission, [133-35];
mandamus as remedy, [135];
unconstitutionality of Court's mandamus jurisdiction, [136-38];
declaring acts void, [138-42];
opinion and assault on Judiciary, [143], [153], [155];
Jefferson and opinion, [143], [144], [153], [431], [432], 4, [363];
little notice of decision, 3, [153-55];
first citation, [154 n.]
Marietta, Ohio, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [312], [324].
Marine Corps, debate in Congress (1800), 2, [446-48].
Markham, Elizabeth, 1, [14], [16].
Markham, Lewis, 1, [16].
Marriage, Henry's plan for intermarriage of whites and Indians, 1, [240 n.], [241].
Marryat, Frederick, on newspaper abuse, 4, [175 n.];
on Localism, [191].
Marsh, Charles, and Dartmouth College case, 4, [256], [258].
Marshall, Abraham, M.'s uncle, 1, [485].
Marshall, Alexander, M.'s brother, birth, 1, [38 n.]
Marshall, Ann, Mrs. Smith, 1, [485].
Marshall, Charles, M.'s brother, birth, 1, [38 n.]
Marshall, Charlotte, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [56 n.]
Marshall, Edward C, M.'s son, birth, 4, [73 n.];
education, [73].
Marshall, Elizabeth (Markham), M.'s grandmother, 1, [14], [16];
bequest in husband's will, [485], [486].
Marshall, Elizabeth, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [34 n.]
Marshall, Elizabeth, acknowledgment to, 4, [528 n.]
Marshall, Hester (Morris), 2, [203].
Marshall, Humphrey, as delegate to Ratification Convention, 1, [320];
on popular fear of Constitution, [321 n.];
votes for ratification, [411 n.];
and Jay Treaty, 2, [118];
and Burr conspiracy, 3, [315], [317];
on Embargo and secession, 4, [17].
Marshall, Jacquelin A., M.'s son, birth, 1, [190 n.], 4, [73 n.];
education, [73].
Marshall, James K., M.'s son, birth, 2, [453], 4, [73 n.];
education, [73];
M.'s home with, [528].
Marshall, James M., M.'s brother, birth, 1, [38 n.];
M. helps, [197];
and imprisonment of Lafayette, 2, [33];
and Fairfax estate, [100], [203-11];
and M.'s business affairs, [173 n.];
marriage to Morris's daughter, [203];
and M. in Europe, [232 n.];
staff office in French War, [357];
Federal appointment as nepotism, [560 n.];
witness in Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [126].
See also Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee.
Marshall, Jane, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [56 n.];
M. and love affair, 2, [174], [175];
marriage, [175 n.]
Marshall, John, M.'s grandfather, career, 1, [12], [13];
will, [485];
deed from William Marshall, [487], [488].
Marshall, John, M.'s uncle, 1, [485].
Marshall, John,
early years and private life:
birth, 1, [6];
Randolph and Isham ancestry, [10];
similarity in conditions of Jefferson's birth, [11 n.];
Marshall ancestry, real and traditional, [12-16];
Keith ancestry, [16];
boyhood homes and migrations, [33-37], [55];
boyhood life, [38-41];
education, [42], [53], [57];
and his father, [42];
reading, Pope's poems, [44-46];
training in order, [45];
influence of Lord Fairfax on training, [49 n.];
influence of James Thompson, [54];
reads Blackstone, [56];
to be a lawyer, [56];
military training, [56];
training from father's service as burgess, [65], [66];
drilling master for other youths, [70];
patriotic speeches (1775), [72];
at battle of Great Bridge, [76], [78];
lieutenant in the line, [79], [91];
on militia during the Revolution, [85], [100];
military promotions, [91], [138];
spirit as army officer, [91];
in Brandywine campaign, [93-97];
in the retreat, [99];
in battle of Germantown, [102];
cheerful influence at Valley Forge, [117-19], [132];
Deputy Judge Advocate, [119];
judicial training in army, [119];
in Monmouth campaign, [135], [137];
on Lee at Monmouth, [137];
Stony Point, [139], [140];
Pawles Hook, [142];
inaction, awaiting a command, [143], [161];
and Arnold's invasion, [144];
meeting with future wife, courting, relations with Ambler family, [152-54], [159-61], [163];
at William and Mary, extent of law studies, [154], [155], [160], [161], [174-76];
in Phi Beta Kappa, [158];
in debating society, [159];
licensed to practice law, [161];
resigns commission, [162];
walks to Philadelphia to be inoculated, [162];
marriage, [165], [166];
financial circumstances at time of marriage, [166-69];
slaves, [167], [180];
social effect of marriage, [170];
first Richmond home, [170];
lack of legal equipment, [173], [176];
early account books, [176-81], [184-90], [197];
early fees and practice, [177], [181], [184], [187], [190], [196];
children, [179], [190], 2, [370 n.], [453], 4, [72-74];
and Gallatin (1784), 1, [183];
buys military certificates, [184];
Fauquier land from father, [186];
as a Mason, [187], 2, [176];
City Recorder, 1, [188];
later Richmond home and neighbors, [189], 2, [171];
first prominent case, Hite vs. Fairfax, 1, [191-96];
employed by Washington, [196];
buys Fauquier land, [196];
Robert Morris's lawyer, [401 n.];
list of cases, [567-70];
and James River Company, 2, [56];
profits from legal practice, [169-71], [201];
and new enterprises, [174];
method as pleader, [177-82], [192-96];
extent of legal knowledge, [178];
neglect of precedents, [179];
statement of cases, [180], [181];
character of cases, [181];
in Ware vs. Hylton, on British debts, [186-92];
and Robert Morris, investments, [199], [200];
Fairfax estate, [203-11], [371], [372], 3, [223], [224], 4, [148-50], [150 n.], [152], [157];
financial reasons for accepting X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [211-13];
biography of Washington (see Biography);
as Beaumarchais's attorney, [292];
interest in stability of contracts, 3, [582];
life in Washington, 4, [80], [81];
illness, operation for stone, [518], [520-24], [528];
will, [525 n.];
later residence, [527];
decline, [586], [587];
death, [587];
escort of body to Richmond, [588];
funeral, [588];
inscription on tomb, [593].
Virginia Legislature, Ratification, and later State affairs:
elections to Legislature, 1, [164], [202], [211], [212], [228], [242], 2, [54], [130], [159];
character as legislator, 1, [202];
committee appointments and routine work, [204], [213], [218], [368], 2, [54-56], [141];
first votes, 1, [204];
on character of Legislature, [206-08];
elected to Council of State, [209];
election resented, forced out, [209], [211], [212];
political importance of membership in Council, [209 n.], [210];
and Revolutionary veterans, [213];
and relief for Thomas Paine, [213];
and loyalists, [214];
on amendment of Constitution, [216];
and Potomac Company, [218];
and chancery bill (1787), [218-20];
indifference to religious freedom question, [220], [222];
and British debts, [222], [225-31];
and Continental debt and navigation acts, [234], [235];
and extradition bill, [240];
and intermarriage of whites and Indians, [240 n.], [241];
and calling of Ratification Convention, [242], [246], [247];
on Shays's Rebellion, [298], [299], [300 n.], [302];
practical influences on stand for Ratification, [313], [314];
on opposition to Ratification, [356];
candidacy for Ratification Convention, [364];
importance in the Convention, [367];
in the Convention: study, [391];
on Philips attainder case, [393 n.], [411];
social influence in Convention, [409];
in the debate, [409-20], [436-38], [450-61];
on necessity of well-ordered government, [409-11];
on navigation of the Mississippi, [411];
on necessity of delegated powers, [412], [413];
on Federal taxation, [413-16], [419];
on amendments, [412], [418];
on control of militia and preparedness, [436-38];
on concurrent powers, [436];
and Henry, [438], [464];
on Federal Judiciary, [450-61];
on independence of Judiciary, [451], [459];
on declaring acts void, [452], [453], 2, [18];
on suits against States, 1, [454];
on discretion in Congress, [454];
on other jurisdiction, [455];
on jury trial, [456], [457];
of committee on amendments, [477];
on opposition after Ratification, 2, [45 n.];
survey and report on Virginia internal improvements, 4, [42-45];
and Bank of Virginia incident, [194];
election to Constitutional Convention, [467];
attitude on issues there, [468], [470], [471], [488], [507], [508];
standing there, [489];
in debate on Judiciary, [489-501];
and on suffrage, [502];
anticipates split of Virginia, [571].
Federal affairs:
relationship with Jefferson, 1, [9];
on early approbation of French Revolution, 2, [4];
on St. Domingo negro insurrection, [20], [21];
on popular enthusiasm for French Revolution, [22], [23];
on conservative American opinion, [23];
and imprisonment of Lafayette, [32-34];
and democratic societies, [41];
on origin of State Rights contest, [48];
and Madison's candidacy for Senate, [50];
declines Federal appointments, [53];
and first amendments, [58];
and attack on assumption, [65], [66];
continued popularity, [78];
Jefferson's attempt to sidetrack him (1792), [79-81];
refuses to stand for Congress (1792), [81];
on opposition to Federal excise, [87];
and Whiskey Insurrection, [89], [90];
Brigadier-General of Militia, [90];
on assault on Neutrality Proclamation, [93], [94], [96];
support of policy of neutrality, [97-99], [235], [387], [402], [403], [507-09];
first Republican attacks on, [98-103];
and post at New Orleans (1793), [99];
attacks on character, [101-03], [409], [410];
military enforcement of neutrality, [103-06];
on British depredations on neutral trade (1794), [108];
on retention of frontier posts, [111];
leader of Virginia Federalists, [122];
refuses Cabinet offers, [122], [123], [147];
advises on Cabinet appointments, [124-26], [132];
defense of Jay Treaty, [126], [129 n.];
and Jay Treaty resolutions of Legislature, [133-37];
on treaty-making power (1795), [134-36];
and Legislature's indirect censure of Washington, [138], [140];
Jefferson's accusation of hypocrisy (1795), [139], [140];
and proposed amendments, [141];
declines French mission (1796), [144-46];
and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, [149-55];
sounds Henry on presidential candidacy (1796), [156-58];
and Virginia address to Washington (1796), [159-62];
growth of the Jefferson feud, [165];
and Federalist leaders (1796), [198];
declines Jay Treaty commissionship, [200-02];
X. Y. Z. Mission [see this title];
on John Adams (1797), [214];
Adams on, [218];
on The Hague, [231];
on 18th Fructidor, [232], [236-44];
on conditions in Holland (1797), [233-35];
on conditions at Antwerp, [246], [247];
on French economic conditions, [267-70];
on Treaty of Campo Formio, [271];
on French military and financial conditions, [321-23];
on liberty and excess of press, [331];
refuses Associate Justiceship, [347], [378], [379];
beginning of Jefferson's open warfare, [358];
Washington persuades him to run for Congress (1798), [374-78];
Republican attacks on candidacy, M. on attacks, [379], [395], [396], [407], [409], [410];
on expediency of Alien and Sedition Acts, [386], [388], [389], 3, [106];
answers to queries on principles, 2, [386-89], [574-77];
Federalists on views on Alien and Sedition Acts, [389-94], [406];
on motives of Virginia Republicans, [394], [407];
address of minority of Virginia Legislature, [402-06];
on rule of the majority, [402];
on preparedness, [403], [476-80], [531];
attack on Virginia Resolutions, [404];
on constitutionality of Alien and Sedition Acts, [404];
electioneering, [409];
defeat expected, [410];
effect of Henry's support, [410-13];
at the polls, [413-16];
elected, [416];
Washington's congratulations, [416];

apology to Washington for statements of supporters, [416], [417];
Federalists on election, their misgivings, [417-19];
Jefferson on election, [419];
and officers for army (1799), [420];
visit to father in Kentucky, Jefferson's fear of political mission, [421], [422];
and French hostility as Federalist asset, [422];
approves reopening of French negotiations, [428], [433], [436];
importance to Federalists in Congress, [432], [436], [437];
of committee to notify President, [432];
reply of House to Adams's address, [433-36];
on question of reducing army (1800), [436], [439], [476-81];
on campaign plots and issues, [438-40];
addresses on death of Washington, [440-43];
and phrase "first in war," [443-45];
use of term "American Nation," [441];
activity in Congress, [445];
and cession of Western Reserve, [446];
and powers of territorial Governor, [446];
and army officers' insult of Randolph, [446];
and Marine Corps Bill, debate with Randolph, [446-48];
and land grants for veterans, [448];
attitude towards slavery (1800), [449], [450];
votes to repeal Sedition Act, [451];
political independence, [451], [452];
kills Disputed Elections Bill, [455-58];
and delay in Jonathan Robins case, [462], [463];
importance and oratory of speech on case, [464], [473];
arguments in speech, [465-71];
on jurisdiction on high seas, [465-67];
on basis of piracy, [467];
on limitation to jurisdiction of Federal Courts, [468-70];
on incidental judicial powers of Executive, [470];
on President as sole organ in external relations, [470];
comments and effect of speech, [471-75];
Jefferson's blindness to merit, [475];
and Bankruptcy Bill, [481], [482];
refuses War portfolio, [485];
appointment as Secretary of State, [486], [489], [491];
Republican comment on appointment, [490], [492];
Federalist comment, [492];
as Secretary, incidents of service, [493], [494], [499];
and office-seekers, [494];
and pardon of Williams, [495];
and continued depredations on neutral trade, [496];
and Sandwich incident, [496];
and Bowles's activity in Florida, [497-99];
and Barbary Powers, [499];
and disruption of British-debts commission and proposed compromise, [502-05];
instructions to King on British depredations, [506-14];
on unwarranted increase of contraband list, [509-11];
on paper blockade, [511];
on unfairness of British admiralty courts, [511], [512];
on impressment, [513];
and breaking-up of Federalist Party, [514], [515], [526];
loses control of district, [515];
and prospects of new French negotiations, [522], [523];
and French treaty, [525];
writes Adams's address to Congress, [530], [531];
on need of navy, [531];
and extension of Federal Judiciary, [531], [548];
and Washington Federalist, [532 n.], [541], [547 n.];
neutrality in Jefferson-Burr contest, [536-38];
personal interest in it, [538], [539];
effect of his neutrality, [539];
opinion of Jefferson (1800), [537];
and threatened deadlock, [541-43];
Fairfax estate and Judiciary Bill (1801), [551];
continues as Secretary of State, [558];
and judgeship for Wolcott, [559], [560];
and midnight appointments, myth concerning, [559], [561], [562];
and accusation of nepotism, [560 n.];
in defeat of party, 3, [11];
and Republican success, [15];
on Jefferson's inaugural, [18];
and Callender trial, [39];
on trials for violating Neutrality Proclamation, [26];
on settlement of British debts controversy, [103];
on political conditions (1802), [104];
opposition to War of 1812 and hatred of France, 4, [1-3], [15], [35-41], [49], [50], [55], [125];
opposition to Embargo, [14], [15];
on Jackson incident and Federalist defeat (1809), [24], [25];
proposed for President (1812), [31-34], [46], [47];
and Richmond Vigilance Committee, [41 n.];
refrains from voting, [462], [465];
incident of election of 1828, [462-65];
on House election of Adams, [462 n.];
on Jackson's inauguration, [466];
and American Colonization Society, [473-76];
and Jackson's war on the Bank, [528], [533], [535];
on Virginia and Jackson's veto of Harbor Bill, [534];
and election of 1832, [534];
and Indian policy, [542 n.]
Chief Justice:
Appointment, 2, [553];
Adams on qualifications, [554]:
reception of appointment, [555-57];
acceptance, [557], [558];
Jefferson and appointment, [652], 3, [20];
general inappreciation of appointment, 2, [563];
change in delivery of opinions, 3, [16];
Amelia case, law of prize, [16], [17];
Wilson vs. Mason, Kentucky land case, [17];
United States vs. Peggy, treaty as supreme law, [17];
Turner vs. Fendall, practice and evidence, [18];
influence of Alien and Sedition Acts on career, [49];
and assault on the Judiciary (1802), [50], [75];
Judiciary Act of 1801 and acceptance of Chief Justiceship, [58];
and Giles, [76 n.];
Giles's sneer at and Bayard's reply, [77];
and annulment of repeal of Judiciary Act, [85], [91], [92], [93 n.], [95-97], [122], [123], 4, [489], [490];
on circuit, 3, [101-03], 4, [63-66];
preparation for assertion of constitutional authority of Judiciary, [104], [109];
Marbury vs. Madison [see this title];
American Insurance Co. vs. Canter, annexation and territorial government, 3, [148], 4, [143], [144];
removal by impeachment planned, his fear of it, 3, [155], [161-63], [176-79], [192], [196];
United States vs. Fisher, implied powers, [162];
importance of Chase trial to, [175-79], [191], [192], [196], [220], [222];
suggests legislative reversal of judicial opinions, [177], [178];
Randolph's tribute to, in Chase trial, its political importance, [188], [214-16];
as witness in trial, [192-96];
early opinions, [273];
and rumors on Burr Conspiracy, [338];
and habeas corpus for Swartwout and Bollmann, [346];
opinion on their discharge, effect of misunderstanding of statement on presence at overt act, [349-57], [414 n.], [484], [493], [496], [502], [506-09];
rebukes of Jefferson's conduct, [351], [376];
warrant for Burr's arrest, [370];
preliminary hearing and opinion, [370], [372-79];
conduct and position during Burr trial, [375], [397], [404], [407], [408], [413 n.], [421], [423], [480], [483], [484], [494], [517], [526];
Jefferson's criticism of preliminary hearing, [386-89];
at dinner with Burr, [394-97];
on difficulty of fair trial, [401];
and counsel at trial, [408];
and selection of grand Jury 409, [410], [413];
instructions to grand jury, [413-15], [442], [451];
and new motion to commit for treason, [415], [416], [421], [422], [424], [425], [428];
and subpœna to Jefferson, [434], [443-17], [455], [518-22];
admonition to counsel, [439];
opinion on overt act, [442], [504-13], [619-26];
on prosecution's expectation of conviction, [447-49];
and pardon for Bollmann, [452], [453];
and attachment against Wilkinson, [473], [475];
and confinement of Burr, [474], [478];
and selection of petit jury, [475], [482];
seeks advice of associates, [480];
on preliminary proof of overt act, [485-87];
and threat of impeachment, [500], [501], [503], [512], [516];
on testimony not on specified overt act, [512], [542];
and irregular verdict, [514];
denies further trial for treason, [515];
and bail after treason verdict, [516];
and commitment for trial in Ohio, [524], [527], [528], [531 n.];
Burr's anger at, [524], [528];
and Daveiss's pamphlet, [525];
attacks on for trial, [526], [532-35], [540];
on trial and Baltimore tumult, [529];
Jefferson urges impeachment, [530-32];
Baltimore mob burns him in effigy, [535-40];
J. Q. Adams's report on Burr trial, [542], [543];
later relations with Adams, [542 n.];
foreign affairs prevent efforts to impeach, [545];
importance of Fletcher vs. Peck opinion, [556], [593], [602];
knowledge of Granger's memorial on Yazoo claims, [576 n.];
and of congressional debate on it, [582];
administers oath to Madison, [585];
hearings and opinion in Fletcher vs. Peck, Yazoo claims and obligation of contract, [585-91];
congressional denunciation of opinion, [595-601];
rebukes resistance of National authority by State, opinion in Olmstead case, 4, [18-20];
checks reaction against Nationalism, [58];
period of creative labor, [59];
influence over associates, causes, [59-61], [444];
conduct on the bench, [82];
life and consultation of Justices, [86-89];
character of control over Supreme Court, [89], [90];
popularity with the bar, [94];
encourages argument, [94 n.], [95];
Story as supplementing, [96], [119], [120], [523];
Story's devotion, [99], [523];
Livingston vs. Jefferson, Jefferson's manipulation of colleague, [104-16];
Nationalism and upholding of doubtful acts of Congress, suppression of personal feelings, [117], [546];
Adventure case, interpretation of Embargo, [118];
obiter dicta, [121], [369];
and international law, [121];
Exchange case, immunity of foreign man-of-war, [121-25];
United States vs. Palmer, Divina Pastora, international status of revolted province, belligerency, [126-28];
dissent in Venus case, domicil during war and enemy character, [128], [129];
Nereid case, neutral property in enemy ship, [136-42];
and Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [145], [148-50], [150 n.], [152-155], [157], [161], [164];
Granville heirs case, [154], [155];
private letter on Hunter decision, [164 n., 165 n.];
decisions of 1819 as remedies for National ills, [168], [169], [203], [208], [220];
Sturges vs. Crowninshield, State insolvency laws and obligation of contracts, [209-19];
New Jersey vs. Wilson, exemption from taxation and obligation of contracts, [221-23];
and Dartmouth College case, [251], [252], [255], [259 n.], [261], [273], [274];
opinion in case, charters and obligation of contracts, [261-73];
consequences of opinion, [276-81];
importance and aim of M'Culloch vs. Maryland opinion, [282], [308];
on Pinkney, [287];
tribute to argument of case, [288];
opinion in case, [289-308];
debt of Webster and Lincoln to, [293 n.], [553], [554];
attacks on opinion, [309-17], [323-27], [330-39];
and change in reputation of Supreme Court, [310];
on attacks reply to them, [312], [314], [315], [318-23];
sells bank stock, [318];
importance and purpose of Cohens vs. Virginia, [342];
opinion in case, [347-57];
on attacks on opinion, [359-62];
Jefferson's attack (1821), [363-66];
Taylor's attack on Nationalist doctrine, [367];
as center of strife over political theories, [370];
on Johnson's Elkison opinion, [383];
opinion in Osborn vs. Bank, [385-94];
satisfying disposition of cases, [393], [394];
importance and effect of Gibbons vs. Ogden, [413], [423], [429], [446], [447], [450];
opinion in Brig Wilson vs. United States, navigation, [428], [429];
opinion in Gibbons vs. Ogden, control over commerce, [429-43];
tribute to Kent, [430], [441];
reception of opinion, [445];
change in congressional attitude toward, [452], [454];
opinion in Brown vs. Maryland, foreign commerce, [455-59];
warning to Nullifiers, [459];
survival of opinions, [460];
character of last decade, [461], [518], [581], [582];
Antelope case, slave trade and international law, [476], [477];
Boyce vs. Anderson, common carriers and transportation of slaves, [478];
dissent in Ogden vs. Saunders, insolvency laws and future contracts, [481];
opinion in Craig vs. Missouri, State bills of credit, [510];
on Supreme Court and threats of disunion, [512], [513];
anticipates reaction in Supreme Court, [513], [514], [582], [584];
on proposed repeal of appellate jurisdiction, [514];
question of resignation, [519-21];
and homage of Philadelphia bar, [521];
Jackson's denial of authority of opinions, [530-32];
and Georgia-Cherokee contest, [542];
opinion in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, Indians not foreign nation, [544-46];
rebukes Jackson's attitude toward contest, [546];
opinion in Worcester vs. Georgia, control over Indians, [549-51];
mandate ignored, [551];
opinions and Jackson's Nullification Proclamation, [562], [563];
on Story's article on statesmen, [577];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583], [584 n., 585 n.];
in last term, [585];
last opinion, [585].
Characteristics, opinions and their development:
idea of Union in early training, 1, [9];
motto, [17];
filial and brotherly affection and care, [39], [196], 2, [174], [175];
influence of early environment, 1, [33], [41], [42];
poetry and novels, [41], 4, [79], [80];
appearance at nineteen, 1, [71];
at twenty-six, [151];
in middle age, 2, [166-69];
fighter, 1, [73];
humor, [73], 2, [111], [146], [181], [182], 4, [61], [62], [78], [82];
athletic ability, 1, [73], [118], [132];
nickname, [74], [132];
first lessons on need of organization, [78];
influence of army experience, [89], [90], [100], [126], [145-47], [244], [420];
sociability, generosity, conviviality, [152], [180], [187], [188], 2, [102], [483], 4, [78], [79];
as reader, 1, [153];
book-buying, [184-86], 2, [170];
negligent dress, 1, [163], 4, [61];
gossip, 1, [182], [183];
as letter-writer, negligent of correspondence, [183 n.], 4, [203 n.];
and drinking, 1, [186], 2, [102 n.], [332 n.], 4, [79];
sympathy, 1, [188];
and wife's invalidism, [198], 4, [66-71];
reverence for woman, 1, [198], 4, [71], [72];
handwriting, 1, [211];
early self-confidence, [211];
influence of service in Legislature, [216], [223], [231], [232], [244];
growth of Nationalism, [223], [231], [240], [242-44], [286], [287], 2, [77], [91], 4, [1], [55];
loses faith in democracy, 1, [252], [254], [294], [302], 3, [109], [265], 4, [4], [55], [93], [479-83], [488], [507];
characterized at Ratification Convention, 1, [408], [409];
as speaker, [409 n.], [420], 2, [188], [464];
argument by questions, 1, [457 n.];
influence of Ratification, [479];
influence of French Revolution, 2, [3], [4], [7-9], [20], [32], [34], [44];
preparation for Nationalistic leadership, [52];
integrity, [140], [563], 4, [90];
effect on, of abuse of Washington, 2, [163];
appreciation of own powers, [168];
and French language, [170 n.], [219];
trust, [173];
diversions, [182-85], 4, [66], [76-78];
La Rochefoucauld's analysis of character, 2, [196], [197];
ambitiousness, [197];
indolence, [197], [483];
domesticity, [214], [215], [217], [219], [220], [231], [284-86], [369-71], 4, [461], [532];
love of theater, 2, [217], [231];
influence of experiences in France, [287-89], 4, [2], [3], [15], [125];
peacefulness, 2, [369];
Sedgwick on character, [483], [484];
and popularity, [483];
good nature, [483], [484];
charm, [483], [484], [563], 4, [81], [90];
independence, 2, [484];
fearlessness, [484];
unappreciated masterfulness, [563];
and policy of isolation, 3, [14 n.];
light-heartedness, [102];
and honors, [271], 4, [89];
appearance in maturity, 3, [371];
and Burr contrasted, [371], [372];
on right of secession, [430];
impressiveness, [447];
prejudice-holding, 4, [2];
denies right of expatriation, [53-55];
not learned, [60];
simplicity of daily life, [61-63];
marketing, [61];
deliberateness, [62];
fondness for children, [63];
interest in agriculture, [63];
habits of thought and writing, [64], [67], [169], [220], [290];
abstraction, [64], [85];
religion, [69-71];
life at Fairfax estate, [74];
kindness, [75];
conscientiousness, [76];
lack of personal enemies, [78];
dislike of Washington formal society, [83-85];
as conversationalist, [85];
portraits, [85 n.], [522 n.];
dislike of publicity, [89];
character in general, [90];
resemblance to Lincoln, [92], [93];
and imprisonment for debt, [215], [216];
Roane's tribute, [313];
and criticism, [321];
humanness, [321];
contrasted with Jackson, [466];
on uplift and labor problem, [471];
and slavery, [472-79];
and death of wife, tribute to her memory, [524-27];

country's esteem, [578], [581 n.];
Story on green old age, [579];
on attitude toward Jefferson, [579], [580];
and Story's Commentaries and dedication to himself, [569], [576], [580], [581];
on Nullification, [556-59], [562], [569-72], [574], [575];
despondent over state of country, [575-78];
tributes at death, [589-92];
hostile criticism, [591];
Story's verses on, [592], [593].
Marshall, John, M.'s son, M. on, as baby, 2, [370];
birth, [370 n.], 4, [73 n.];
education, [73].
Marshall, John, New England skipper, 4, [223].
Marshall, Judith, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [38 n.]
Marshall, Louis, M.'s brother, birth, 1, [56 n.]
Marshall, Lucy, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [38 n.];
marriage, [166 n.];
M. helps, [197].
Marshall, Martha, M.'s putative great-grandmother, 1, [483].
Marshall, Mary, M.'s aunt, 1, [486].
Marshall, Mary, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [34 n.]
Marshall, Mary, M.'s daughter, Mrs. Jacquelin B. Harvie, 3, [192 n.], 4, [73];
birth, [73 n.]
Marshall, Mary Randolph (Keith), M.'s mother, ancestry and parents, 1, [10], [16-18];
education and character, [18], [19];
children, [19], [34], [38 n.], [56 n.]
Marshall, Mary W. (Ambler), courtship, 1, [148-54], [159], [160], [163];
marriage to M., [165], [166];
children, [179], [190], 2, [370 n.], [453], 4, [73 n.];
religion, 1, [189 n.], 4, [69];
items in M.'s account book, 1, [197];
invalid, M.'s devotion, [198], 2, [371 n.], 4, [66-69];
independent means, [524 n.];
death, M.'s tribute, [524-27].
Marshall, Nancy, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [56 n.]
Marshall, Peggy, M.'s aunt, 1, [486].
Marshall, Sarah, Mrs. Lovell, 1, [485].
Marshall, Susan, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [56 n.]
Marshall, Thomas, M.'s putative great grandfather, 1, [14];
will, [483], [484].
Marshall, Thomas, father of M., and Washington, 1, [7], [46];
and Braddock's expedition, [8];
similarity to Jefferson's father, [11];
birth, [13];
character, [19];
children, [19], [34], [38 n.], [56 n.];
as a frontiersman, [31];
settlement in Fauquier County, [33], [34];
migration to "The Hollow," [34-37];
appearance, [35];
slaves, [37 n.];
education, [42];
and M., [42];
influence of Lord Fairfax, [47], [50];
offices, [51], [58 n.], [170 n.];
leases land, [51];
vestryman, [52];
acquires Oak Hill, [55];
in House of Burgesses, [58], [61], [64];
in Virginia Convention (1775), [65], [66];
prepares for war, [67];
major of minute-men, [69];
at battle of Great Bridge, [76], [77];
enters Continental service, [79];
in crossing of the Delaware, [91];
promotions, [95];
in Brandywine campaign, [95];
colonel of State Artillery, [96 n.], [117 n.];
source on military services, [148 n.], [489];
not at surrender of Charleston, [148 n.];
property, [166];
financial stress, moves to Kentucky, [167-69];
gives M. land, [186];
and M.'s election to Legislature, [202];
and M.'s election to Council of State, [209 n.];
and British debts, [229], [231];
in Virginia Legislature from Kentucky, [229];
bequest from father, [485];
on Kentucky and National Government (1791), 2, [68 n.];
resignation as Supervisor of Revenue, on trials of office, [212 n., 213 n.];
M.'s visit to (1799), [421], [422].
Marshall, Thomas, M.'s brother, birth, 1, [34 n.];
in Revolutionary army, [117 n.]
Marshall, Thomas, M.'s son, birth, 1, [179 n.], 4, [73 n.];
education, [73];
home, [74];
killed, [588].
Marshall, William, putative great uncle of M., 1, [12], [14], [483];
deed to M.'s grandfather, [487], [488].
Marshall, William, M.'s uncle, 1, [485].
Marshall, William, M.'s brother, birth, 1, [38 n.];
and Chase impeachment, 3, [176], [191], [192].
Marshals, United States, plan to remove Federalist, 3, [21];
conduct in sedition trials, [42].
Martin, Luther, and Callender trial, 3, [37];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, [115 n.];
counsel for Chase, [186];
career and character, [186 n., 187 n.], [538 n.];
argument, [201-06];
counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, [348];
counsel for Burr, [407], [428];
security for Burr, [429 n.];
on subpœna to Jefferson, [436], [437], [441], [451];
Jefferson's threat to arrest, [451];
on pardon for Bollmann, [452-54];
and confining of Burr, [474];
public hostility, [480 n.];
on preliminary proof of overt act, [485];
intemperance, [501 n.], [586 n.];
on overt act, [501-04];
on the verdict, [513];
and Baltimore mob, [535-40];
Burr's friendship, [538 n.];
counsel in Fletcher vs. Peck, [585], [586];
as practitioner before M., 4, [95];
and Dartmouth College case, [238 n.];
counsel in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [284], [286].
Martin, Philip, sale of Fairfax estate, 2, [203 n.], 4, [149], [150 n.]
See also Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee.
Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, early case, 2, [206-08];
importance, 4, [144], [166], [167];
M.'s connection with decision, [145], [153], [161], [164];
interest of M.'s brother in case, [145], [150], [153 n.], [160];
Virginia's political organization, [146];
Hunter's grant, Fairfax's State case against it, [147];
Marshall syndicate compromise on Fairfax lands, [148];
compromise and Hunter's claim, [149], [150 n.], [152], [157], [163];
decision for Hunter in State court, [151], [152];
Hunter's social position, [151 n.];
appeal to Supreme Court involving treaties, [153];
Federal statute covering appeal, [153 n.];
M. and similar North Carolina case, [154], [155];
Story's opinion, treaty protects Fairfax rights, [156];
Johnson's dissent, [157];
Virginia court denies right of Supreme Court to hear appeal, [157-60];
second appeal to Supreme Court, [160];
Story's opinion on right of appeal, [161-63];
M.'s private letter on appellate power, [164 n., 165 n.];
Johnson's dissent on control over State courts, [165], [166].
Martineau, Harriet, on M.'s attitude toward women, 4, [72].
Maryland, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [105 n.];
tax on Bank of the United States, 4, [207].
See also Brown vs. Maryland; M'Culloch vs. Maryland.
Mason, George, as statesman, 1, [32];
in the Legislature, [203];
on character of post-Revolutionary Legislature, [205 n.];
and amendment of Virginia Constitution (1784), [217];
and chancery bill (1787), [219];
on loose morals, [220];
and British debts, [229 n.], [230 n.], [231];
and Confederate navigation acts, [235];
and calling of Ratification Convention, [245];
in Ratification Convention: characterized, [369];
motion for detailed debate, [369];
and delay, [372];
on consolidated government, [382];
on conciliation, [383];
in the debate, [421-23], [435], [438-40], [445], [448], [467];
appeal to class hatred, [422], [439 n.], [467];
denounces Randolph, [423];
fear of the Federal District, [438], [439];
on payment of public debt, [440], [441];
on Judiciary, [445-47];
on suppression of Clinton's letter, [478];
and M., 2, [78];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 3, [115 n.];
and on obligation of contracts, [558 n.]
Mason, Jeremiah, as practitioner before M., 4, [95];
counsel in Dartmouth College case, [233], [234], [250], [251];
fee and portrait, [255 n.];
Bank controversy, [529].
Mason, Jonathan, on X. Y. Z. dispatches, 2, [338], [342];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [60].
Mason, Stevens T., divulges Jay Treaty, 2, [115], 3, [63 n.];
on Virginia and Jay Treaty, 2, [151 n.];
appearance, 3, [62];
in debate on repeal of the Judiciary Act, [63-65].
Masonry, M.'s interest, 1, [187], 2, [176];
first hall at Richmond, 1, [188].
Massac, Fort, Burr at, 3, [294].
Massachusetts, drinking in colonial, 1, [23 n.];
Shays's Rebellion, [298-303];
policy of Constitutionalists, [339];
character of opposition to Ratification, [339], [340], [344-47];
strength and standpoint of opposition, [344];
influence of Hancock, [347];
recommendatory amendments and Ratification, [348], [349];
soothing the opposition, [350-53];
question of bribery, [353 n., 354 n.];
and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [43], [105 n.];
and Embargo, 4, [12], [15], [17];
and War of 1812, [48 n.];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [334];
steamboat monopoly, [415];
Constitutional Convention (1820), [471].
Massachusetts Historical Society, makes M. a corresponding member, 3, [271].
Massie, Thomas, buys land from M.'s father, 1, [168].
Mattauer divorce case in Virginia, 2, [55 n.]
Matthews, George, journey (1790), 3, [55 n.];
and Yazoo lands bill, [549-51].
Matthews, Thomas, and chancery bill (1787), 1, [219];
presides in Ratification Convention, [468].
Maxwell, William, Brandywine campaign, 1, [93].
Mayo, John, defeat and duel, 2, [515].
Mazzei letter, 2, [537 n., 538 n.]
Mead, Cowles, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [362], [363].
Meade, William, on drinking, 1, [23];
on irreligion, [221 n.];
on M.'s daily life, 4, [63], [63 n.], [69].
Mellen, Prentice, on bankruptcy frauds, 4, [202].
Mercer, Charles F., on M., 4, [489 n.]
Mercer, John, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Mercer, John Francis, in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 3, [115 n.]
Meredith, Jonathan, counsel in Brown vs.
Maryland, 4, [455].
Merlin de Douai, Philippe A., election to Directory, 2, [243].
Merry, Anthony, intrigue with Federalist Secessionists, 3, [281];
and Burr, [287-90], [299].
Mexican Association, 3, [295].
Mexico. See Burr Conspiracy.
Midnight appointments, 2, [559-62];
ousted, 3, [95].
Milan Decree, 4, [7].
Military certificates, M. purchases, 1, [184].
Military titles, passion for, 1, [327 n., 328 n.]
Militia, in the Revolution, 1, [83-86], [100];
debate in Ratification Convention on efficiency, [393], [406 n.];
on control, [435-38];
uniform in Virginia (1794), 2, [104 n.];
M. on unreliability, [404].
Milledge, John, on Yazoo lands, 3, [573 n.]
Miller, James, and Yazoo lands, 3, [566 n.]
Miller, Stephen D., and Nullification, 4, [555].
"Millions for defense," origin of slogan, 2, [348].
Minor, Stephen, Spanish agent, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [256], [329 n.]
Mirabeau, Comte de, on the Cincinnati, 1, [293].
Miranda, Francisco de, plans, knowledge of Administration, 3, [286], [300], [301], [306];
and Burr conspiracy, [306], [308];
Ogden-Smith trial, [436 n.]
Mississippi River, free navigation in Virginia debate on Ratification, 1, [399], [403], [411], [420], [430-32];
first steamboat 4, [402], [402 n., 403 n.];
steamboat monopoly, [402], [414].
Mississippi Territory, powers of Governor, 2, [446];
Burr, 3, [362-68].
Missouri. See next title, and Craig vs. Missouri.
Missouri Compromise, Virginia resolutions against restriction, 4, [325-29];
struggle and secession, [340-42].
Mitchel vs. United States, M.'s last opinion, 4, [585].
Mitchell, Samuel L., votes to acquit Chase, 3, [219], [220].
Monarchy, fear, 1, [290 n.], [291], [334], [391], 2, [383].
See also Government.
Money, varieties in circulation (1784), 1, [218 n.];
debased, [297];
scarcity (c. 1788), 2, [60 n.]
See also Finances; Paper money.
Monmouth campaign, 1, [134-38].
Monopoly, Bank of the United States as, 4, [310], [311], [336], [338], [531].
Monroe, James, Stirling's aide, 1, [119];
and selling of land rights, [168];
and realizing on warrants, [181], [212];
and chancery bill (1787), [219];
and British debts, [229 n.], [231];
use of cipher, [266 n.];
in debate in Ratification Convention, [407], [408], [431];
candidacy for House (1789), 2, [50 n.];
on service in Legislature, [81 n.];
on M.'s support of policy of neutrality, [98];
and M.'s integrity, [140];
as Minister to France, [144], [222], [224];
attack on Washington, [222];
and movement to impeach Justices, 3, [59];
and J. Q. Adams, [541 n.];
and M., 4, [40];
report on St. Cloud Decree, [48];
M.'s review of it, [49], [50];
and Hay's pamphlet on impressment, [53];
and Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [160];
and second Bank of the United States, [180 n.];
and internal improvements, [418 n.];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484];
conservatism there, [489].
Montgomery, John, and Chase, 3, [170];
as witness in Chase trial, [189 n.]
Moore, Albert, resigns Justiceship, 3, [109 n.]
Moore, John B., on M. and international law, 4, [117], [121 n.]
Moore, Richard C., at M.'s funeral, 4, [589].
Moore, Thomas, on Washington, 3, [9].
Moore, William, on election of Ratification delegates, 1, [360].
Moravians, during American Revolution, 1, [110 n.], [116].
Morgan, Charles S., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [501 n.]
Morgan, George, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [309], [465], [488].
Morgan, James, votes for war, 4, [29 n.]
Morrill, David L., resolution against dueling, 3, [278 n.]
Morris, Gouverneur, and Ratification in Virginia, 1, [401], [433];
on American and French revolutions, 2, [2 n.];
unfavorable reports of French Revolution, [6-9], [26 n.], [248];
recall from French Mission, [221];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [60], [61], [65], [66], [70], [71];
Mason's sarcasm, [64];
on reporting debates, [67 n.];
on Jefferson's pruriency, [90 n.];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, [115 n.];
and on obligation of contracts, [557 n.];
and Judiciary Act of 1789, [128];
on Napoleon, 4, [2].
Morris, Hester, marries J. M. Marshall, 2, [203].
Morris, Robert, as financial boss, 1, [335];
as a peculator, [336];
and Ratification in Virginia, [401], [402 n.];
and M., [401 n.];
and Cabinet position, 2, [63];
and M.'s purchase of Fairfax estate, [101], [203], [206], [209], [211];
and M.'s investments, [199], [200];
land speculation, [202], [205 n.];
connection with M.'s family, [203];
and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129];
and Yazoo lands, [555].
Morris, Thomas, in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [74 n.]
Morse, Jedediah, on secession, 3, [152].
Morton, Perez, and Yazoo claims, 3, [576 n.]
Motto, M.'s, 1, [17].
Mumkins, Betsy, M.'s domestic, 1, [190].
Murch, Rachel, and Dartmouth College troubles, 4, [226].
Murdock, T. J., on Story and Dartmouth College case, 4, [257 n.]
Murphey, Archibald D., on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [272].
Murray, William Vans, on Gerry in X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [258 n.], [363];
on memorial of X. Y. Z. envoys, [309];
on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, [394], [406];
on M.'s election (1799), [419];
and reopening of French negotiations, [423];
on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [94].
Murrell, John, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [362].
Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia, M. and origin, 2, [174].
Napoleon I., and 18th Fructidor, 2, [230], [246];
Treaty of Campo Formio, [271];
and Talleyrand, [272];
reception in Paris (1797), [287], [288];
and American negotiations, [524];
and Burr, 3, [537 n.];
Morris on, 4, [2];
decrees on neutral trade, [6];
and Embargo Act, [12 n.];
pretended revocation of decrees, [26], [36-39], [48-50];
battle of Leipzig, [51];
and Fulton's steamboat experiments, [397].
Napoleonic Wars, peace and resumption, 3, [14];
and American politics, 4, [2-5].
See also Neutral trade.
Nash, Thomas. See Jonathan Robins case.
Nashville, Burr at, 3, [292], [296], [313].
Nason, Samuel, and Ratification, 1, [342], [345].
Natchez, first steamboat, 4, [403 n.]
Natchez Press, on M'Culloch vs. Maryland, 4, [311 n.]
National Gazette, as Jefferson's organ, 2, [81].
See also Freneau.
National Government, M. on start, 3, [263].
Nationalism, growth of M.'s idea, 1, [223], [231], [232], [240], [242-44], [286], [287], 2, [77];
lack of popular conception under Confederation, 1, [232], [285];
Washington's spirit during Confederation, [243];
fear of consolidation, [320], [375], [382], [388-390], [405], [433], 2, [69];

fear of gradual consolidation, 1, [446];
lesson of Ratification contest, [479];
influence of French Revolution on views, 2, [42-44];
M. on origin of contest, [48];
made responsible for all discontents, [51-53];
M.'s use of "Nation," [441];
centralization as issue (1800), [520];
union with reaction, 3, [48];
importance of M.'s Chief Justiceship to, [113];
M. on, as factor under Confederation, [259-61];
M. on Washington's, [259 n.];
influence of Fletcher vs. Peck, [594], [602];
as M.'s purpose in life, 4, [1], [55];
assertion in Embargo controversy, [12], [16];
Olmstead case, M.'s opinion, [18-21];
moves westward, [28];
M. on internal improvements and, [45];
M. as check to reaction against, [58];
and M.'s upholding of doubtful acts of Congress, [117-19];
of Story, [145];
in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [292];
forces (c. 1821), [370];
original jurisdiction of National Courts, [386];
Randolph's denunciation in internal improvements contest, [419-21];
importance of Gibbons vs. Ogden, [429];
and tariff and overthrow of slavery, [536];
M.'s opinions and Webster's reply to Hayne, [552-55];
M. anticipates reaction in Supreme Court, [582], [584].
See also Declaring acts void; Division of powers; Federalist Party; Government; Implied powers; Kentucky Resolutions; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); Nullification; Secession; State Rights; Virginia Resolutions.
Naturalization, Madison on uniform regulation, 1, [312].
See also Impressment.
Navigation, power over, under commerce clause, 4, [428], [432], [433].
Navigation acts, proposed power for Confederation, 1, [234], [235].
See also Commerce.
Navy, M. on need (1788), 1, [419];
French War, 2, [427];
M.'s support (1800), [531];
reduction, 3, [458 n.];
in War of 1812, 4, [56];
immunity in foreign ports, [122-25].
Naylor, William, on Virginia County Courts, 4, [487].
Necessary and proper powers. See Implied powers.
Negro seamen law of South Carolina, Johnson's opinion, 4, [382], [383].
Nelson, William, Jr., decision in Hunter vs. Fairfax, 4, [148 n.]
Nereid case, neutral goods in enemy ship, 4, [135-42].
Netherlands, M. on political conditions (1797), 2, [223-26].
Neufchatel, François de, election to Directory, 2, [243].
Neutral trade, British seizures in 1793-94, 2, [107];
question of war over, [108-12];
French depredations, [223], [224], [229], [257], [270], [271], [277], [283], [284], [403], [496];
French rôle d'équipage, [294 n.];
free ships, free goods, [303-05];
Spanish depredations, [496];
British depredations after Jay Treaty, [506];
Tench Coxe on them, [506 n.];
M.'s protest on contraband, [509-11];
on paper blockade, [511];
on unfair judicial proceedings, [511], [512];
on impressment, [513];
moderation of French depredations, [523];
and new French treaty, [524 n.];
renewal of British and French violations, 4, [6-8], [122];
Non-Importation Act (1806), [9];
partisan attitude, [9-11];
Embargo, [11];
its effect, opposition, [12-16];
M.'s opinion, [14];
non-intercourse, [22];
Erskine incident, [22];
Jackson incident, [23-26];
Napoleon's pretended revocation of decrees, [26], [36-39], [48-50];
M.'s interpretation of Jefferson's acts, [118], [125];
Nereid case, neutral property in enemy ship, [135-42].
See also Jay Treaty; Neutrality.
Neutrality, as Washington's great conception, 2, [92];
proclamation, [93];
unpopularity, [93];
opposition of Jefferson and Republicans, [94], [95];
mercantile support, [94 n.], [96];
constitutionality of proclamation, [95];
M.'s support, [97-99], [298-301], [387], [388], [402], [403], [507-09];
M.'s military enforcement, [103-06];
as issue in Virginia, [106];
J. Q. Adams on necessity, [119 n.];
Federal common-law trials for violating, 3, [24-29];
M.'s biography of Washington on policy, [264].
See also Isolation; Neutral trade.
New England, hardships of travel, 1, [256];
type of pioneers (c. 1790), [276];
and excise on distilleries, 2, [86 n.];
and secession, 3, [97];
escapes crisis of 1819, 4, [170].
See also States by name.
New England Mississippi Company, Yazoo claims, 3, [576-83], [595-602].
See also Fletcher vs. Peck.
New Hampshire, Ratification contest, 1, [354], [355], [478];
and disestablishment, 4, [227], [230 n.];
denounces congressional salary advance (1816), [231 n.];
Judiciary controversy, [229], [230];
steamboat monopoly, [415];
branch bank controversy, [529];
and Nullification, [559].
See also Dartmouth College vs. Woodward.
New Jersey, hardships of travel, 1, [259];
and State tariff laws, [311];
Ratification, [325];
and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [403], [404].
See also next title.
New Jersey vs. Wilson, exemption of land from taxation and obligation of contracts, 4, [221-23].
New Orleans, reception of Burr, 3, [294], [295];
Wilkinson's reign of terror, [330-37];
battle, 4, [56];
first steamboat, [403 n.]
New York, hardships of travel, 1, [257];
Jefferson on social characteristics, [279];
and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [105 n.], [106];
bank investigation (1818), 4, [184];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [334].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden; Sturges vs. Crowninshield.
New York City, Jacobin enthusiasm, 2, [35].
See also New York vs. Miln.
New York Evening Post, on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [270];
on Adams's report on Burr Conspiracy, [544];
on Gibbons vs. Ogden, 4, [445];
hostile criticism on M., [591].
New York vs. Miln, facts, State regulation of immigration, 4, [583];
division of Supreme Court on, [583], [584];
decision, proper police regulation, [584 n.];
Story voices M.'s dissent, [584 n.]
Newspapers, character at period of Confederation, 1, [267-70];
virulence, 2, [529], 4, [175 n.];
development of influence, 3, [10];
and first Bank of the United States, 4, [175].
See also Press.
Nicholas, George, in the Legislature, 1, [203];
citizen bill, [208];
and chancery bill (1787), [219];
and calling of Ratification Convention, [245];
on popular ignorance of draft Constitution, [320];
in Ratification Convention: characterized, [374];
in debate, [395], [421], [432], [440], [465], [471], [472];
assault on Henry, [466];
in contest over recommendatory amendments, [472].
Nicholas, John, deserts Congress (1798), 2, [340 n.];
on the crisis (1799), [434];
in Jonathan Robins case, [475];
and reduction of army, [476];
and Judiciary Bill, [551].
Nicholas, Wilson C., and M., 2, [100];
sells land to Morris, [202 n.];
and Kentucky Resolutions, [398], [398 n.];
and Pickering impeachment, 3, [167];
and Burr conspiracy, [381];
and grand jury on Burr, [410-12], [422].
Nicholson, Joseph H., in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [89];
on bill on sessions of Supreme Court, [95];
and Chase impeachment, [170];
argument in Chase trial, [207-10];
and acquittal of Chase, [221];
releases Alexander, [343];
on Jefferson's popularity, [404].
Nickname, M.'s, 1, [74], [132].
Nightingale, John C., and Yazoo lands, 3, [566 n.]
Niles, Hezekiah, on banking chaos after War of 1812, 4, [181 n.], [182], [183], [186 n.], [192], [194], [196];
on bankruptcy frauds, [201];
on Sturges vs. Crowninshield, [218];
and Dartmouth College case, [276 n.];
value of his Register, [309];
attack on M'Culloch vs. Maryland opinion, [309-12];
on Elkison case, [383], [384 n.];
and Gibbons vs. Ogden, [445];
on Virginia and Nullification, [568], [572];
tribute to M., [590].
Niles, Nathaniel, and Burr, 3, [68 n.];
and Dartmouth College troubles, 4, [227];
Jefferson on, [227].
Niles' Register, value, 4, [309].
See also Niles, Hezekiah.
Nimmo, James, Cohens vs. Virginia, 4, [345].
Nobility, fear from Order of the Cincinnati, 1, [292].
See also Government.
Non-Importation Act (1806), 4, [9];
M. and constitutionality, [118].
See also Neutral trade.
Non-intercourse, act of 1809, 4, [22];
Erskine incident, [22];
M. and constitutionality, [118];
South Carolina's proposed, with tariff States, [459], [538].
See also Neutral trade.
Norbonne, Philip, practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.]
Norfolk, Va., Dunmore's burning, 1, [78];
tribute to M., 4, [592].
North Carolina, hardships of travel, 1, [263];
and State tariff acts, [311];
Granville heirs case, 4, [154], [155];
tax on Bank of the United States, [207].
North River Steamboat Co. vs. Livingston, 4, [448-51].
Norton, George F., and British debts, 1, [226].
Norton, J. K. N., M.'s books possessed by, 1, [186 n.];
acknowledgment to, 4, [528 n.]
Nullification, first hints, 4, [384];
M.'s rebukes, [389], [459], [513];
movement, [555];
M. on movement, [556], [557];
Madison on, [556];
Jackson's Union toast, [557];
and warning, [558];
M. on doctrine and progress, [558], [559], [562];
and Tariff of 1832, [559], [560];
Convention and Ordinance, [560], [561];
popular excitement, [561];
Jackson's Proclamation, its debt to M.'s opinions, [562], [563];
M. on it, [563];
South Carolina and the proclamation, Jackson's inconsistencies, [564], [565];
military preparations, [566];
Jackson's recommendation of reduction of tariff, [567];
Virginia and mediation, M. on it, [567-73];
M. on Webster's speech against, [572];
suspension of ordinance, [573];
compromise Tariff, [574];
M. on virtual victory for, [574], [575];
M.'s resulting despondency on state of the country, [575-78].
See also State Rights.
Oak Hill, acquired by M.'s father, 1, [55];
as home for M.'s son, 4, [74].
Oakley, Thomas J., counsel in Gibbons vs. Ogden, 4, [423], [424], [427].
Obiter dicta, M.'s use, 4, [121], [369].
Obligation of contracts. See Contracts.
Occom, Samson, visit to England, 4, [223].
Office. See Civil service.
Ogden, Aaron, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [409-411].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Ogden, David B., counsel in Sturges vs. Crowninshield, 4, [209];
practitioner before M., [237 n.];
fees, [345 n.];
counsel in Cohens vs. Virginia, [346], [376].
Ogden, George M. See Ogden vs. Saunders.
Ogden, Peter V., and Burr conspiracy, arrested, 3, [333], [334].
Ogden, Samuel G., trial, 3, [436 n.]
Ogden vs. Saunders, obligation of future contracts not impaired by insolvency laws, 4, [480];
M.'s dissent, [481].
Ohio, cession of Western Reserve, 2, [446];
tax on Bank of the United States, 4, [207], [328];
legislative denunciation of M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [330-33];
and New York steamboat monopoly, [415 n.]
See also Osborn vs. Bank.
Ohio River, Burr and plan for canal, 3, [291 n.];
first steamboat, 4, [403 n.];
development of steam transportation, [416].
Old Field Schools, 1, [24].
Olmstead case, State defiance of Federal mandate, 4, [18-21].
Opinions, M.'s rule on delivering, 3, [16].
Orange County, Va., minute men, 1, [69].
Oratory, court, and woman auditors, 4, [133], [134].
Orders in Council on neutral trade, 4, [6], [7].
See also Neutral trade.
Orr, Thomas, Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [329], [330].
Orr vs. Hodgson, 4, [165 n.]
Osborn, Ralph. See Osborn vs. Bank.
Osborn vs. Bank of the United States, facts, 4, [327-30];
compromise proposed by Ohio, [332];
defiance of Ohio, [333];
argument, [385];
M.'s opinion, [385-94];
original jurisdiction of National Courts, [385-87];
and Eleventh Amendment, protection of Federal agents from State agents, [387-91];
tax on business of bank void, [391], [392];
courts and execution of law, [392];
general satisfaction of parties on the record, [393];
Johnson's opinion, [394];
resulting attack on Supreme Court, [394-96];
Jackson denies authority, [530-32].
Osmun, Benijah, and Burr, 3, [365], [366].
Oswald, Eleazer, and Centinel letters, 1, [335 n.], [338];
and Ratification in Virginia, [402], [434], [435].
Otis, Harrison Gray, and slavery (1800), 2, [449];
on Washington streets (1815), 3, [4];
on traveling conditions, [5 n.];
on speculation, [557 n.];
and Story, 4, [98];
and bankruptcy laws, [201].
Otsego, N.Y., conditions of travel (1790), 1, [257].
Paine, Robert Treat, on X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [356].
Paine, Thomas, on militia, 1, [84];
relief bill, [213];
on government as an evil, [288];
popularity of Common Sense, [288 n.];
on American and French revolutions, 2, [2 n.];
and key of the Bastille, [10];
Rights of Man, influence in United States, [12-14];
Jefferson's approbation, [14], [15], [16 n.];
J. Q. Adams's reply, [15-19];
disapproves of excesses, [25 n.], [27];
on the King and early revolution, [31 n.];
on Republican Party and France, [223];
and X. Y. Z. Mission, [254].
Palmer, William P., anecdote on M., 4, [63 n.]
Paper money, depreciation and confusion during Revolution and Confederation, 1, [167], [168], [295-97];
counterfeiting, [297], 4, [195];
post-bellum demand, 1, [297], [299];
Continental, in debate on Ratification, [429], [440], [441];
and impairment of obligation of contracts, 3, [557], [558 n.], 4, [214];
flood and character of State bank bills, [176-79], [181], [184], [187], [192];
popular demand for more, [186], [199];
local issues, [187];
depreciation, [192];
endless chain of redemption with other paper, [193];
reforms by second Bank of the United States, [197-99].
See also Briscoe vs. Bank; Craig vs. Missouri money.
Paris, in 1797, 2, [247].
Parker, Richard E., verdict in Burr trial, 3, [514].
Parsons, Theophilus, Ratification amendments, 1, [348].
Parton, James, on Administration's knowledge of Burr's plans, 3, [318 n.];
on Jefferson and trial of Burr, [390 n.];
biography of Burr, [538 n.]
Partridge, George, accident, 3, [55 n.]
"Party," as term of political reproach, 2, [410 n.]
Paterson, William, and Chief Justiceship, 2, [553];
charge to grand jury, 3, [30 n.];
sedition trials, [31], [32];
and declaring acts void, [117], [611], [612];
and Judiciary Act of, 1789, [128];
Ogden-Smith trial, [436 n.]
Paulding, James K., on M., 4, [77].
Pawles Hook, Lee's surprise, 1, [142].
Peace of 1783, and land titles, 4, [147], [148], [153].
See also British debts; Frontier posts; Slaves.
Pearsall vs. Great Northern Railway, 4, [279 n.]
Peck, Jedediah, trial, 3, [42 n.]
Peck, John. See Fletcher vs. Peck.
Peele, W. J., on M., 4, [66 n.]
Pegram, Edward, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Pendleton, Edmund, as judge, 1, [173];
on M.'s election to Council of State, [209];
candidacy for Ratification Convention, [359];
in the Convention: President, [368];
and impeachment of authority of Framers, [373];
characterized, [385];
on failure of Confederation, [386];
in debate, [427], [428], [445];
on Judiciary, [445].
Pendleton, Nathaniel, and Yazoo lands, 3, [549], [555].
Pennsylvania, during the Revolution, 1, [85];
hardships of travel, [258], [259];
Jefferson on social characteristics, [279];
tariff, [310 n., 311 n.];
calling of Ratification Convention, [326];
election of delegates, [327-29];
precipitancy in Ratification Convention, [329-32];
address of minority, [333], [334], [342];
continued opposition after Ratification, [334-38];
and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [105 n.];
Olmstead case, 4, [18-21];
legislative censure of M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [333].
Pennsylvania, University of, honorary degree to M., 4, [89].
People, character of masses under Confederation, 1, [253], [254];
community isolation, [264], 4, [191];
responsible for failure of Confederation, 1, [307];
basis of Federal Government, 4, [292], [352].
See also Democracy; Government; Nationalism.
Perkins, Cyrus, and Dartmouth College case, 4, [260 n.]
Perkins, Nicholas, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [367-69], [372].
Peters, Richard [1], and common-law jurisdiction, 3, [25], [28 n.];
sedition trial, [33];
impeachment contemplated, [172 n.];

on United States and Napoleonic War, 4, [6 n.];
Olmstead case, [18-21];
death, [238 n.]
Peters, Richard [2], escort for M.'s body, 4, [588].
Phi Beta Kappa, M. as member, 1, [158];
Jacobin opposition, 2, [37].
Philadelphia, march of Continental army through (1777), 1, [92];
capture by British, [98-102];
during British occupation, [108-10];
Jacobin enthusiasm, 2, [31];
luxury, [85 n.];
and M.'s return from X. Y. Z. Mission, [344-51];
tributes to M. as Chief Justice, 4, [521], [588].
Philadelphia Aurora. See Aurora.
Philadelphia Federal Gazette, on Publicola papers, 2, [19].
Philadelphia Gazette of the United States. See Gazette.
Philadelphia General Advertiser, on French Revolution, 2, [28 n.];
on Neutrality Proclamation, [94 n.]
Philadelphia Independent Gazette, and Ratification, 1, [328].
Sec also Oswald.
Philadelphia National Gazette. See National Gazette.
Philips, Josiah, attainder case, 1, [393], [398], [411].
Phillips, Isaac N., on treason, 3, [403 n.]
Physick, Philip S., operates on M., 4, [520];
and M.'s final illness, [587].
Pichegru, Charles, and 18th Fructidor, 2, [240], [241], [245 n.]
Pickering, John, impeachment, 3, [111], [143], [164-68];
witnesses against, rewarded, [181].
Pickering, Timothy, on hardships of travel, 1, [257 n.];
on Jefferson and Madison, 2, [79];
and Gerry at Paris, [366], [369];
on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, [394];
on M.'s election (1799), [417];
on M. in Jonathan Robins case, [471];
dismissed by Adams, [486], [487];
Aurora's attack, [489 n.], [491 n.];
on M. as his successor, [492];
on M. and Jefferson-Burr contest, [539];
and secession, 3, [98], [151], [281], [289], 4, [13 n.], [30], [49];
on Giles, 3, [159 n.];
on impeachment programme, [160];
on Pickering impeachment, [168 n.];
on Chase impeachment, [173];
at trial of Chase, [183 n.];
on M.'s biography of Washington, [233];
on Adams's Burr Conspiracy report, [543 n.];
as British partisan, 4, [2 n.];
on Embargo, [13], [14];
and M., [27], [473];
on election of 1812, [47];
and Story, [98];
and Story and Dartmouth College case, [257 n.];
on Massachusetts Constitutional Convention (1820), [471];
on slavery, [473].
Pickett, George, bank stock, 2, [200].
Pinckney, Charles, on campaign virulence (1800), 2, [530];
reward for election services, 3, [81 n.];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, [116 n.]
Pinckney, Charles C., appointment to French mission, 2, [145], [146], [223];
not received, [224];
at The Hague, [231];
accused of assisting Royalist conspiracy, [246 n.];
and "millions for defense" slogan, [348];
toast to, [349 n.];
candidacy (1800), [438];
Hamiltonian intrigue for, [517], [528 n., 529 n.];
and Chief Justiceship, [553].
See also Elections (1800); X. Y. Z. Mission.
Pinckney, Thomas, on Gerry, 2, [364].
Pindall, James, on Bank of the United States, 4, [289].
Pinkney, William, Canning's letter, 4, [23];
as practitioner before M., [95];
counsel in Nereid case, [131], [140];
character, [131-33];
influence of woman auditors on oratory, [133], [134], [140 n.];
Conkling's resemblance, [133 n.];
M. on, [141], [287];
Story on Nereid argument, [142 n.];
counsel in Dartmouth College case, [259-61], [274];
counsel in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [284];
argument, [287];
fees, [345 n.];
argument in Cohens vs. Virginia, [346];
counsel in Gibbons vs. Ogden, [413];
death, [423].
Pinto, Manuel, Nereid case, 4, [135].
Piracy, M. on basis, 2, [467].
Pitt, William, and Burr, 3, [289].
Pittsburgh, first steamboat, 4, [403 n.]
Platt, Jonas, opinion in Gibbons vs. Ogden, 4, [412].
Pleasants, James, grand juror on Burr, 2, [413 n.]
Plumer, William, on Washington (1805), 3, [6];
on drinking there, [9];
on Jefferson and popularity, [19 n.];
on Bayard, [79 n.];
on Randolph, [83 n.];
on repeal of Judiciary Act, [93];
on Louisiana Purchase, [148 n.], [150];
on Giles, [159 n.];
on impeachment plan, [160];
on Pickering impeachment, [167 n.], [168 n.];
on Chase impeachment and trial, [171 n.], [173], [179 n.], [181 n.], [192 n.], [205 n.], [217 n.], [220];
on Burr, [180], [182 n.], [183 n.], [219 n.], [274 n.], [279 n.], [470];
on M. as witness, [196];
on not celebrating Washington's birthday, [210 n.];
joins Republican Party, [222 n.];
on M.'s biography of Washington, [269];
on Swartwout, [321 n.], [333 n.];
on Burr conspiracy, [338 n.], [341];
on arrest of Bollmann, [343 n.];
on Jefferson's personal rancor, [384 n.];
on trial of Burr, [526];
on Adams's Burr conspiracy report, [543 n.];
on Embargo and secession threats, 4, [24 n.];
on Federalists as aristocracy, [55];
Governor of New Hampshire, and Dartmouth College affairs, [230], [232].
Pocket veto, Randolph on, as impeachable offense, 3, [213].
Poetry, M. and, 1, [41], 4, [79], [80].
Police power, as offset to obligation of contracts, 4, [279];
and commerce clause, [436], [437], [457], [459].
See also New York vs. Miln.
Politics, machine in Virginia, 1, [210], [217 n.], 2, [56 n.], 4, [146], [147], [485-88];
share in Ratification in Virginia, 1, [252], [356], [357], [381], [402];
Federal Constitution and parties, 2, [75];
abuse, [396];
influence of newspapers, 3, [10];
period of National egotism, [13];
effect of Republican rule, [15 n.];
Randolph on government by, [464 n.]
See also Elections, Federalist Party; Republican Party.
Poole, Simeon, testimony in Burr trial, 3, [490].
Poor whites of colonial Virginia, 1, [27].
Pope, John, M. and his poems, 1, [44], [45].
Pope, John, of Smith committee, 3, [541 n.]
Popularity, Jefferson's desire, 3, [19 n.]
Population, density (c. 1787), 1, [264];
character of Washington, 3, [8].
Portraits of M., 4, [85 n.], [522 n.]
Posey, Thomas, and Ratification, 1, [392 n.]
Potomac River, company for improvement, 1, [217], [218].
Potter, Henry, Granville heirs case, 4, [154].
Powell, Levin, slandered, 1, [290 n.];
on House's reply to Adams's address (1799), 2, [434];
on M. in Jonathan Robins case, [475 n.]
Practice and evidence, M.'s opinion on, 3, [18].
Precedents, M.'s neglect of legal, 2, [179], 4, [409].
Preparedness, M. on need, 1, [414], [415], [437], 2, [403], [476-80], [531];
ridiculed, 1, [425];
utter lack (1794), 2, [109].
See also Army.
Prescott, William, on Dartmouth College case, 4, [275 n.]
President, Ratification debate on office and powers, 1, [390], [442];
question of title, 2, [36];
M. on, as sole organ of external relations, [470].
See also Elections; Subpœna; and Presidents by name.
Press, freedom of, Franklin on license, 1, [268-70];
M. on liberty and excess, 2, [329-31];
Martin on license, 3, [204], [205].
See also Alien and Sedition Acts; Newspapers.
Prices, at Richmond (c. 1783), 1, [177-81];
board in Washington (1801), 3, [7].
Priest, William, on speculation, 3, [557].
Princeton University, honorary degree to M., 4, [89].
Prisoners of war, treatment, 1, [115].
Privateering, Genêt's commissions, 2, [28];
Unicorn incident in Virginia, [103-06].
Prize law, Amelia case, 3, [16], [17].
See also Admiralty; International law.
Property, demand for equal division, 1, [294], [298];
M.'s conservatism on rights, 4, [479], [503].
Prosperity, degree, at period of Confederation, 1, [273], [274], [306].
Public debt, problem under Confederation, 1, [233-35];
unpopularity, [254];
spirit of repudiation, [295], [298], [299];
resources under Confederation, [306];
in Ratification debate, [396], [416], [425], [440];
funding and assumption of State debts, 2, [59-64];
financial and political effects of funding, [64-68], [82], [85], [127].
See also Debts; Finances; Paper money.
Public lands, Jefferson on public virtue and, 1, [316];
State claims, 3, [553];
Foot resolution, 4, [553 n.]
See also Yazoo; Land.
Publicists, lawyers as, 4, [135].
Publicola papers, 2, [15-18];
replies, [18], [19].
Punch, recipe, 4, [77].
Punishments, cruel, 3, [13 n.]
Putnam, ——, arrest in France, 2, [283].
Quarterly Review, on insolvency frauds, 4, [203 n.]
Quincy, Josiah, on Jefferson and popularity, 3, [19 n.];
on resolution against Minister Jackson, 4, [24];
on admission of Louisiana and secession, 4, [27];
and Localism, [28].
Quoit (Barbecue) Club, M. as member, 2, [182-85], 4, [76-78];
memorial to M., [592].
Railroads, influence of Dartmouth College case and Gibbons vs. Ogden on development, 4, [276], [277], [446].
Raleigh, M. on circuit at, 3, [101], [102], 4, [65], [66].
Rambouillet Decree, 4, [122].
Ramsay, David, biography of Washington, 3, [225 n.]
Ramsay, Dennis, Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [110].
Randall, Benjamin, in Ratification Convention, 1, [340].
Randall, Henry S., on M. as Secretary of State, 2, [494];
on M., 4, [154].
Randolph, David M., as witness in Chase trial, 3, [191], [192].
Randolph, Edmund, ancestry, 1, [10];
as lawyer, [173];
transfers practice to M., [190];
Hite vs. Fairfax, [191], [192];
in the Legislature, [203];
importance of attitude on Ratification, [360-63], [378-82];
secret intention to support it, [363];
in the Convention: characterized, [376];
disclosure of support of Ratification, [376-79];
suppresses Clinton's letter, [379-81], [477];
effect on reputation, [382];
ascription of motives, in Washington's Cabinet, [382 n.];
in Convention debate, [392], [393], [397], [406], [461], [470];
and Philips case, [393 n.];
personal explanations, [393 n.], [476];
Henry on change of front, [398];
answers Henry's taunt, [406];
Mason's denunciation, [423];
on Fairfax grants, [458 n.];
on opposition after Ratification, 2, [46 n.];
and first amendments, [59];
Fauchet incident, resignation from Cabinet, [146], [147];
on Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, [151], [152];
as orator, [195];
on weakness of Supreme Court, 3, [121 n.];
counsel for Burr, [407];
on motion to commit Burr for treason, [417];
on subpœna to Jefferson, [440], [441];
on overt act, [494].
Randolph, George, ancestry, 1, [10].
Randolph, Isham, 1, [10].
Randolph, Jacob, operates on M., 4, [522].
Randolph, Jane, 1, [10], [11].
Randolph, John, of Roanoke, ancestry, 1, [10];
insult by army officers, 2, [446];
debate with M. on Marine Corps, [447], [448];
in Jonathan Robins case, [474];
appearance, 3, [83];
as House leader, [83 n.];
in Judiciary debate (1802), [84-87];
manager of Chase impeachment, [171];
and articles of impeachment, [172];
break with Jefferson over Yazoo frauds, [174];
opening speech at Chase trial, [187-89];
references to M., political significance, [187], [188], [214-16];
examination of M. at trial, [194];
conferences with Giles, [197];
argument, [212-16];
and acquittal, [220];
duelist, [278 n.];
and Burr conspiracy, [339];
and Eaton's claim, [345 n.];
on Wilkinson's conduct, [359], [464];
on Burr as military captive, [369];
and removal of judges on address, [389 n.];
grand juror on Burr, [413];
on government by politics, [464 n.];
and Chesapeake-Leopard affair, [476];
and Yazoo frauds, [566], [575], [577-79], [581], [595], [596], [600];
on Localism, 4, [191];
on dangers in M.'s Nationalist opinions, [309], [420];
in debate on Supreme Court (1824), [395];
on internal improvements and Nationalism, [419-21];
absorption in politics, [461];
Clay duel, [463 n.];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484];
on M. in convention, [489 n.]
Randolph, Mary (Isham), descendants, 1, [10].
Randolph, Mary Isham, 1, [10].
Randolph, Peyton, and Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions, 1, [64].
Randolph, Richard, of Curels, estate, 1, [20 n.]
Randolph, Susan, on Jefferson and Rebecca Burwell, 1, [150 n.]
Randolph, Thomas, 1, [10].
Randolph, Thomas M., on Jay Treaty resolutions in Virginia Legislature, 2, [134], [135], [137].
Randolph, William, descendants, 1, [10].
Randolph, William, and Peter Jefferson, 1, [12 n.]
Randolph family, origin and characteristics, 1, [10], [11].
Rappahannock County, Va., loyal celebration, 1, [23 n.]
Ratification, opposition in Virginia, 1, [242];
contest over call of Virginia Convention, previous amendment question, [245-48];
effort for second framing convention, [248], [317], [355], [362], [379-81];
practical politics in, [252], [356], [357], [381], [402];
economic division, [312];
division in Virginia, [317];
importance of Virginia's action, [318], [358], [359];
gathering of Virginia delegates, [319];
popular ignorance of draft Constitution, [320], [345], [354];
popular idea of consolidated government, [320];
popular majority against, [321], [322], [356], [391], [469], 4, [554 n.];
Virginia Convention as first real debate, 1, [322], [323], [329], [355];
influence of revolutionary action of Framers, [323-25], [373], [425];
unimportance of action of four early States, [325];
calling of Pennsylvania Convention, [326];
election there, [327-29];
Pennsylvania Convention, precipitancy, [329-32];
address of Pennsylvania minority, [333], [334], [342];
post-convention opposition in Pennsylvania, [334-38];
policy of Constitutionalists in Massachusetts, [339];
character of opposition there, [339], [340], [344-47];
election there, [340];
general distrust as basis of opposition, [340], [347], [356], [371], [372], [422], [428], [429 n.], [439 n.], [467];
condensed argument for, [343];
and Shays's Rebellion, [343];
strength and standpoint of Massachusetts opposition, [344];
influence of Hancock, [347];
Massachusetts recommendatory amendments and ratification, [348], [349];
soothing the opposition there, [350-53];
question of bribery in Massachusetts, [353 n., 354 n.];
contest in New Hampshire, adjournment, [354], [355];
character of Virginia Convention, [356], [367];
effect of previous, on Virginia, [356], [399];
election of delegates in Virginia, [359-67];
importance and uncertainty of Randolph's attitude, [360-64], [378-82];
M.'s candidacy, [364];
campaign for opposition delegates, [365-67];
opposition of leaders in State politics, [366 n.];
maneuvers of Constitutionalists, [367], [374], [384], [385], [392];
officers, [368], [432];
tactical mistakes of opposition, [368], [383];
detailed debate as a Constitutionalist victory, [369-72], [432];
characterizations, [369], [373-76], [385], [387], [394], [396], [408], [420], [423], [465], [473];
attempts at delay, [372], [434], [461], [462];
authority of Framers, [373], [375];
Nicholas's opening for Constitutionalists, [374];
Henry's opening for opposition, [375];
disclosure of Randolph's support, [376-79];
organization of Anti-Constitutionalists, [379], [434];
Clinton's letter for a second Federal Convention, Randolph's suppression of it, [379], [477], 2, [49 n.];
Mason's speeches, 1, [382], [383], [421-23], [438], [439], [446-48], [467];
untactful offer on "conciliation," [383];
prospects, ascendancy of opposition, [384], [433-35], [442];
influences on Kentucky delegates, navigation of Mississippi River, [384], [403], [411], [420], [430-32], [434], [443];
Pendleton's speeches, [385-87], [427], [428];
Lee's speeches, [387], [406], [423], [467];
Henry's speeches, [388-92], [397-400], [403-06], [428], [433], [435], [440], [441], [449], [464], [469-71];
Federal Government as alien, [389], [399], [428], [439 n.];
Randolph's later speeches, [392], [393], [397], [406];
Madison's speeches, [394], [395], [397], [421], [428], [430], [440], [442], [449];
Nicholas's later speeches, [395], [421], [432];
Corbin's speech, [396];
political managers from other States, [401], [402], [435];
question of use of money in Virginia, [402 n.];
demand for previous amendment, [405], [412], [418], [423], [428];
Monroe's speech, [407], [408];
inattention to debate, [408];
M.'s social influence, [409];
M.'s speeches, [409-20], [436-38], [450-61];
Harrison's speech, [421];
Grayson's speech, [424-27];
slight attention to economic questions, [429 n.], [441 n.];
and Bill of Rights, [439];
slavery question, [440];
payment of public debt, [440];
British debts, [441];
executive powers, [442];

Judiciary debate, [449-61], [464];
Anti-Constitutionalists and appeal to Legislature, [462], [463], [468];
assault on Henry's land speculations, [465-67];
threats of forcible resistance, [467], [478];
contest over recommendatory amendments, [475];
vote, [475];
Washington's influence, [476];
other personal influences, [476 n.];
and fear of Indians, [476];
character of Virginia amendments, [477];
influence of success in New Hampshire, [478];
Jefferson's stand on amendments, [478];
influence on M., [479];
as a preliminary contest, [479], 2, [45], [46];
attempt of Virginia Legislature to undo, [48-51];
Virginia reservations, 4, [324 n.]
Rattlesnakes, as medicine, 1, [172].
Ravara, Joseph, trial, 3, [24].
Rawle, William, escort for M.'s body, 4, [588].
Read, George, and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129].
Rebecca Henry incident, 2, [496].
Reed, George, as witness in Chase trial, 3, [189 n.]
Reeves, John, and Burr, 3, [537 n.]
Reeves, Tapping, on Louisiana Purchase, 3, [150].
Reid, Robert R., on Missouri question, 4, [341].
Religion, state in Virginia (1783), 1, [220], [221];
conditions in Washington, 3, [6];
revival, [7 n.];
M.'s attitude, 4, [69-71];
frontier, [189 n.];
troubles and disestablishment in New Hampshire, [226], [227].
See also next titles.
Religious freedom, controversy in Virginia, 1, [221], [222].
Religious tests, debate during Ratification, 1, [346].
Representation, basis in Virginia, 1, [217 n.];
debate on slave, in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830), 4, [501-07].
Republican Party, Jefferson's development, 2, [46], [74-76], [81-83], [91], [96];
as defender of the Constitution, [88 n.];
assaults on Neutrality Proclamation, [95];
economic basis, [125 n.];
and French Revolution, [131 n.], [223];
and X. Y. Z. dispatches, [336-42], [355], [358-63];
M. on motives in attack on Alien and Sedition Acts, [394], [407];
issues in 1798, [410];
and name "Democratic," [439 n.], 3, [234 n.];
Federalist forebodings (1801), [11-15];
social effects of rule, [15 n.];
plans against Judiciary, cause, [19-22], [48];
union of democracy and State Rights, [48];
Chase's denunciations, [169], [170], [206];
and M.'s biography of Washington, [228-30];
treatment in biography, [256], [259-61];
Justices as apostates, [317], [358], [359], [444].
See also Congress; Elections; Jefferson, Thomas; State Rights.
Republicans, name for Anti-Constitutionalists (1788), 1, [379].
Repudiation, spirit, 1, [294], [295], [298], [299].
See also Debts.
Requisitions, failure, 1, [232], [304], [305], [413];
proposed new basis of apportionment, [234], [235].
Rhoad, John, Juror, 3, [35].
Rhode Island, declaration of independence, 3, [118 n.]
Richardson, William M., votes for war, 4, [29 n.];
opinion in Dartmouth College case, [234-36].
Richmond, Va., social and economic life (1780-86), 1, [176-90];
in 1780, [165], [171-73];
hospitality, [183];
M. City Recorder, [188];
fire (1787), [190], 2, [172];
meeting on Jay Treaty, [149-55];
growth, [172];
Quoit Club, [182-85], 4, [76-78], [592];
reception of M. on return from France, 2, [352-54];
M.'s reply to address, [571-73];
later social life, 3, [394];
Vigilance Committee, 4, [41 n.];
M.'s lawyer dinners, [78], [79];
city currency, [187];
and Jackson's veto of River and Harbor Bill (1832), [534];
M.'s funeral, [588];
tributes to him, [589].
Richmond Enquirer, on M. and Burr at Wickham's dinner, 3, [396];
and subpœna to Jefferson, [450];
attack on M. during Burr trial, [532-35];
on Yazoo claims, [581];
attack on M'Culloch vs. Maryland, 4, [312-17], [323];
tribute to M., [589].
See also Ritchie, Thomas.
Richmond Examiner, attacks on M. (1801), 2, [542], [543 n.]
Richmond Light Infantry Blues, punch, 4, [78 n.]
Richmond Society for Promotion of Agriculture, M.'s interest, 4, [63].
Richmond Whig and Advertiser, on M. and election of 1828, 4, [463];
tribute to M., [589].
Ritchie, Thomas, Council of State as his machine, 1, [210];
and trial of Burr, 3, [450];
on Federalists as traitors, 4, [10 n.];
control over Virginia politics, [146];
and first Bank of the United States, [174];
attack on M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [309];
and Taylor's attack on M.'s opinions, [335], [339];
attack on Cohens vs. Virginia, [358].
See also Richmond Enquirer.
Rittenhouse, David, Olmstead case, 4, [19].
River and Harbor Bill, Jackson's pocket veto, 4, [534].
River navigation, steamboat and internal improvements, 4, [415-17].
Roads. See Communication.
Roane, Spencer, as judge, 1, [173];
Council of State as his machine, [210];
Anti-Constitutionalist attack on Randolph (1787), [361 n.];
accuses M. of hypocrisy, 2, [140];
and Chief Justiceship, 3, [20], [113], [178];
and Nationalism, [114];
M.'s enemy, 4, [78];
and M.'s integrity, [90 n.];
and Livingston vs. Jefferson, [111];
control of Virginia politics, [146];
decision in Hunter vs. Fairfax's Devises, [148], [152];
denies right of Supreme Court to hear case, [157], [160];
and first Bank of the United States, [174];
attack on M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [309], [313-17], [323];
inconsistent purchase of Bank stock, [317];
tribute to M., [313];
M.'s reply to attack, [318-23];
attack on Cohens vs. Virginia, [358], [359];
M. on it, [359], [360];
and amendment on Judiciary, [371], [378].
Robertson, David, report of Virginia Ratification debates, 1, [368];
stenographer and linguist, 3, [408].
Robin, M.'s servant, 4, [525 n.]
Robins, Jonathan. See Jonathan Robins case.
Robinson, John, loan-office bill and defalcations, 1, [60].
Rodney, Cæsar A., and Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [154 n.];
argument in Chase trial, [210-12];
and holding of Swartwout and Bollmann, [345], [349 n.];
and trial of Burr, [390].
Rodney, Thomas, and Burr, 3, [365].
Rôle d'équipage, and French depredations on neutral trade, 2, [294 n.]
Ronald, William, as lawyer, 1, [173];
in Virginia Ratification Convention, [472];
Ware vs. Hylton, 2, [188].
Roosevelt, Nicholas J., and steamboat experiments, 4, [400];
and steamboat navigation of the Mississippi, [402], [402 n., 403 n.]
Roosevelt, Theodore, on British naval power, 4, [7 n.];
on impressment, [8 n.]
Ross, James, and Disputed Elections Bill, 2, [453].
Rowan, John, on Green vs. Biddle, 4, [381];
on Supreme Court, [453].
Rush, Benjamin, Conway Cabal, 1, [121-23].
Rutgers vs. Waddington, 3, [612].
Rutledge, Edward, on spirit of repudiation, 1, [307].
Rutledge, John [1], and Supreme Court, 3, [121 n.];
in Federal Convention, on obligation of contracts, [558 n.]
Rutledge, John [2], and slavery, 2, [449]:
on Judiciary Bill (1801), [550];
on French treaty, [525 n.];
in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [87-89];
as British partisan, 4, [5].
S. (? Samuel Nason), and Ratification, 1, [342].
St. Cloud Decree, 4, [36-39], [48-50].
St. Tammany's feast at Richmond, 1, [189].
Salaries, Federal (1800), 2, [539 n.]
Sandwich incident, 2, [496].
Sanford, Nathan, opinion on steamboat monopoly and interstate commerce, 4, [448].
Sanford, Me., and Ratification, 1, [342].
Santo Domingo, influence in United States of negro insurrection, 2, [20-22].
Sargent, Nathan, on esteem of M., 4, [581 n.]
Saunders, John. See Ogden vs. Saunders.
Savage, John, opinion on steamboat monopoly, 4, [449].
Savannah Gazette, on Yazoo frauds, 3, [561].
Schmidt, Gustavus, on M. as a lawyer, 2, [178].
Schoepf, Johann D., on Virginia social conditions, 1, [21 n.];
on irreligion in Virginia, [221 n.];
on shiftlessness, [278].
Schuyler, Philip, dissatisfaction, 1, [86];
and Burr, 3, [277 n.]
Scott, John, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [490].
Scott, John B., and Yazoo lands, 3, [566 n.]
Scott, Joseph, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [370].
Scott, Sir Walter, and Burr, 3, [537 n.]
Scott, Sir William, on slave trade and law of nations, 4, [477].
Scott, Winfield, on irreligion in Washington, 3, [7];
on Jefferson and trial of Burr, [406];
and Nullification, 4, [566];
escort for M.'s body, [588].
Secession, Federalist threats over assault on Judiciary (1802), 3, [73], [82], [89], [93], [97], [98], [151];
Louisiana Purchase and threats, [150];
and Chase trial, [217];
New England Federalist plots and Burr, [281], [298];
Merry's intrigue, [281], [288];
sentiment in West, [282], [297], [299];
of New England thought possible, [283];
Burr and Merry, [288-90];
no proposals in Burr's conferences, [292], [297], [303], [312];
rumors of Burr's purpose, Spanish source, [296], [299], [315];
Burr denies such plans, [316], [318 n.], [319], [326];
M. and Tucker on right, [430];
threats over neutral trade controversy, 4, [13 n.], [15], [17], [25];
M.'s rebuke, [17];
and admission of Louisiana, [27];
War of 1812 and threats, [30];
Hartford Convention, [51];
threats in attacks on M.'s Nationalist opinions, [314], [326], [338], [339], [381];
and Missouri struggle, [340-42];
M. on resistance to, [352], [353];
Jefferson's later threats, [368], [539];
South Carolina threat over Elkison case, [382];
threat on internal improvement policy, [421];
M. on Supreme Court and threats, [512], [513].
See also Nationalism; Nullification; State Rights.
Secretary of State, M. and (1795), 2, [147];
M.'s appointment, [486], [489-93];
M. remains after Chief Justiceship, [558].
Secretary of War, M. declines, 2, [485].
Sedgwick, Theodore, and M. (1796), 2, [198];
on effect of X. Y. Z. dispatches, [341];
on Gerry, [364];
on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, [391], [394], [406];
on M.'s election (1799), [417];
on M.'s importance to Federalists in Congress, [432];
on M. and Disputed Elections Bill, [457], [458];
on results of session (1800), [482];
on M. as man and legislator, [483], [484];
on M.'s efforts for harmony, [527];
on Republican rule, 3, [12];
on plans against Judiciary, [22];
on repeal of Judiciary Act, [94];
and secession, [97];
on Burr, [279 n.]
Sedition Act. See Alien and Sedition Acts.
Senate, arguments on, during Ratification, 1, [345];
opposition to secrecy, 2, [57].
See also Congress.
Separation of powers, M. on limitation to judicial powers, 2, [468-70];
incidental executive exercise of judicial powers, [470];
M. on legislative reversal of judicial decisions, 3, [177], [178].
See also Declaring acts void.
Sergeant, John, counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [385];
and in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, [541], [544], [547];
and in Worcester vs. Georgia, [549];
escort for M.'s body, [588].
Sergeant, Thomas, practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.]
Sewall, David, on demagoguery, 1, [290 n.];
on Ratification contest, [341].
Seward, Anna, as Philadelphia belle, 1, [100].
Sewell, T., and French War, 2, [424].
Shannon, Richard C., witness against Pickering, reward, 3, [181 n.]
Shays's Rebellion, M. on causes, 1, [298], [299], 3, [262 n.];
taxation not the cause, 1, [299], [300];
effect on statesmen, [300-02];
Jefferson's defense, [302-04];
as phase of a general movement, [300 n.];
and Ratification, [343].
Shephard, Alexander, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Shepperd, John, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [547].
Sherburne, John S., witness against Pickering, reward, 3, [181 n.]
Sherman, Roger, and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129];
on obligation of contracts, [558 n.]
Shippen, Margaret, as Philadelphia belle, 1, [109].
Shirley, John M., work on Dartmouth College case, 4, [258 n.]
Short, Payton, at William and Mary, 1, [159].
Short, William, at William and Mary, 1, [159];
on French Revolution, 2, [24];
Jefferson's admonitions, [25], [26];
on Lafayette, [34 n.]
"Silver Heels," M.'s nickname, 1, [74], [132].
Simcoe, John G., and frontier posts, 2, [111].
Sims, Thomas, on slander on Powell, 1, [290 n.]
Singletary, Amos, in Ratification Convention, 1, [344], [346].
Skipwith, Fulwar, on X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [336];
on probable war, [358].
Slaughter, Philip, on M. at Valley Forge, 1, [117], [118].
Slave representation, debate in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830), 4, [501-07].
Slave trade, Northern defense (1800), 2, [449];
act against engaging in, [482];
M. on international recognition, 4, [476], [477].
Slavery, effect in colonial Virginia, 1, [20-22];
in debate on Ratification, [440];
attitude of Congress (1800), 2, [449];
acquiescence in, 3, [13 n.];
Nationalism and overthrow, 4, [370], [420], [536];
M.'s attitude, [472-79].
See also adjoining titles; and Missouri Compromise.
Slaves, of M.'s father, 1, [37 n.];
owned by M., [167], [180];
Jefferson's debts for, [224 n.];
provision in Peace of 1783, controversy, [230], 2, [108], [114], [121 n.];
in Washington (1801), 3, [8];
common carriers and transportation, 4, [478].
Sloan, James, and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 3, [348].
Smallpox, in Revolutionary army, 1, [87];
inoculation against, [162].
Smallwood, William, in Philadelphia campaign, 1, [100].
Smilie, John, in Ratification Convention, 1, [330].
Smith, Ann (Marshall), 1, [485].
Smith, Augustine, M.'s uncle, 1, [485].
Smith, Israel, of New York, in Burr conspiracy, 3, [466 n.], [491].
Smith, Senator Israel, of Vermont, and impeachment of Chase, 3, [158], [159];
votes to acquit, [219], [220].
Smith, Jeremiah, on Republican hate of M., 3, [161];
counsel in Dartmouth College case, 4, [233], [234], [250];
fee and portrait, [255 n.];
on M.'s decline, [586].
Smith, John, M.'s uncle, 1, [485].
Smith, John, of New York, votes to acquit Chase, 3, [219], [220].
Smith, John, of Ohio, votes to acquit Chase, 3, [219];
and Burr conspiracy, [291], [312];
Wilkinson's letter to, [314];
and rumor of disunion plan, [316], [319];
indicted for treason, [466 n.];
nolle prosequi, [524], [541 n.];
attempt to expel from Senate, [540-44].
Smith, John Blair, on Henry in campaign for Ratification delegates, 1, [365].
Smith, John Cotton, and Eaton's report on Burr's plans, 3, [305 n.]
Smith, Jonathan, in Ratification Convention, 1, [347].
Smith, Lize (Marshall), 1, [485].
Smith, Melancthon, on prosperity during Confederation, 1, [306];
on revolutionary action of Framers, [324].
Smith, R. Barnwell, on Nullification, 4, [560].
Smith, Robert, dismissal, 4, [34];
vindication, and M., [35].
Smith, Sam, on English interest in Ratification, 1, [313].
Smith, Samuel, on Pickering impeachment, 3, [167];
votes to acquit Chase, [220];
and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), [347];
and Ogden-Smith trial, [436 n.];
of committee on expulsion of Smith of Ohio, [541 n.]
Smith, Samuel H., on drinking at Washington, 3, [10 n.]
Smith, Mrs. Samuel H., on Washington social life (1805), 3, [8 n.];
on Pinkney in court, 4, [134].
Smith, Thomas M., anecdote of M., 4, [83 n.]
Smith, Judge William, of Georgia, and Yazoo lands, 3, [549].
Smith, Representative William, of South Carolina, on French agents in United States (1797), 2, [281];
on travel (1790), 3, [55 n.]
Smith, Senator William, of South Carolina, on Missouri question, 4, [341].
Smith, William S., trial, 3, [436 n.]
Smith vs. Maryland, 4, [165 n.]
Sneyd, Honora, as Philadelphia belle, 1, [109].
Snowden, Edgar, oration on M., 4, [592].
Soane, Henry, 1, [11 n.]
Social conditions, in later colonial Virginia, 1, [19-28];
drinking, [23], [156 n.], [186 n.], [281-83], 2, [86], [102 n.], 3, [9], [400], [501 n.], 4, [189 n.];
qualities and influence of backwoodsmen, 1, [28-31], [235], [236], [274-77];
frontier life, [39-41], [53], [54 n.], 4, [188-90];
dress, 1, [59], [200], [208], 3, [396], [397];
Richmond in 1780, 1, [165];
degree of prosperity at period of Confederation, [273], [274];
classes in Virginia, [277], [278];
Jefferson on sectional characteristics, [278-80];
contrasts of elegance, [280];
food and houses, [280], [281];
amusements, [283];
Washington boarding-houses, 3, [7];
lack of equality (1803), [13];
state then, [13 n.];
advance under Republican rule, [15 n.];
later social life at Richmond, [394].
See also Bill of Rights; Communication; Economic conditions; Education; Government; Law and order; Literature; Marriage; Religion; Slavery.
Society, M.'s dislike of official, at Washington, 4, [83-85].
"Somers," attack on M., 4, [360 n., 361 n.]
South Carolina, and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, 4, [334];
Elkison negro seaman case, attack on Johnson's decision, [382], [383];
and Tariff of 1828, [537];
effect of Georgia-Cherokee contest on, [552].
See also Nullification.
South Carolina Yazoo Company, 3, [553 n.]
See also Yazoo.
Spain, attitude toward United States (1794), 2, [109];
depredations on American commerce, [496];

intrigue in West, Wilkinson as agent, 3, [283], [284];
resentment of West, expectation of war over West Florida, [284], [285], [295], [301], [306], [312], [383 n.];
treaty of 1795, [550 n.];
intrigue and Yazoo grant, [554].
Spanish America, desire to free, 3, [284], [286];
Miranda's plans, [286], [300], [301], [306];
revolt and M.'s contribution to international law, 4, [126-28].
See also Burr Conspiracy.
Speculation, after funding, 2, [82], [85];
in land, [202];
as National trait, 3, [557];
after War of 1812, 4, [169], [181-84].
See also Crisis of, 1819.
Speech, freedom, and sedition trials, 3, [42].
See also Press.
Stamp Act, opposition in Virginia, 1, [61-65].
Standing army. See Army.
Stanley, John, in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [74 n.], [75].
Stark, John, Ware vs. Hylton, 2, [188].
State Rights and Sovereignty, effect on Revolutionary army, 1, [82], [88-90], [100];
in American Revolution, [146];
and failure of the Confederation, [308-10];
union with democracy, 3, [48];
and declaring Federal acts void, [105];
M. on, as factor under Confederation, [259-62];
compact, 4, [316];
strict construction and reserved rights, [324 n.];
Taylor's exposition, [335-39];
forces (c. 1821), [370];
M. on effect of strict construction, [442];
and Georgia-Cherokee contest, [541];
incompatible with federation, [571].
See also Contracts; Eleventh Amendment; Implied powers; Government; Kentucky Resolutions; Nationalism; Nullification; Secession; Virginia Resolutions.
States, Madison on necessity of Federal veto of acts, 1, [312];
suits against, in Federal courts, [454], 2, [83].
See also Government.
Stay and tender act in Virginia, 1, [207 n.]
See also Debts.
Steamboats, Fulton's experiments, Livingston's interest, 4, [397-99];
Livingston's grants of monopoly in New York, [399];
first on the Mississippi, grant of monopoly in Louisiana, [402], [402 n., 403 n.], [414];
other grants of monopoly, [415];
interstate retaliation, [415];
great development, [415], [416].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Steele, Jonathan, witness against Pickering, reward, 3, [181 n.]
Stephen, Adam, in Ratification Convention, characterized, 1, [465];
on Indians, [465].
Steuben, Baron von, on Revolutionary army, 1, [84];
training of the army, [88 n.], [133].
Stevens, Edward, officer of minute men, 1, [69].
Stevens, Thaddeus, as House leader, 3, [84 n.]
Stevens vs. Taliaferro, 2, [180 n.]
Stevenson, Andrew, resolution against M'Culloch vs. Maryland, 4, [324];
and repeal of appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court, [379].
Stewart, Dr. ——, and Jay Treaty, 2, [121].
Stirling, William, Lord, intrigue against, 1, [122].
Stith, Judge, and Yazoo lands, 3, [555].
Stoddert, Benjamin, Aurora on, 2, [492];
at Burr trial, 3, [458];
as Secretary of the Navy, [458 n.];
proposes M. for President, 4, [31-34].
Stone, David, and Granville heirs case, 4, [155 n.]
Stone vs. Mississippi, 4, [279 n.]
Stony Point, assault, 1, [138-42].
Story, ——, on Ratification in Virginia, 1, [445].
Story, Elisha, Republican, 4, [96];
children, [97];
in Revolution, [97 n.]
Story, Joseph, on M. and his father, 1, [43];
on M. in Jonathan Robins case, 2, [473];
on Washington (1808), 3, [6];
and common-law jurisdiction, [28 n.], 4, [30 n.];
on Chase, 3, [184 n.];
on Jefferson's Anas, [230 n.];
and Yazoo claims, [583], [586];
on conduct of Minister Jackson, 4, [23];
on conduct of Federalists (1809), [23 n.];
on Federalists and War of 1812, [30], [40];
on Chief Justiceship, [59 n.];
appointed Justice, history of appointment, [60], [106-10];
compared and contrasted with M., [60];
on M.'s attitude toward women, [71];
and poetry, [80];
on M.'s charm, [81];
on life of Justices, [86], [87];
on M.'s desire for argument of cases, [94 n.], [95 n.];
character, [95];
as supplement to M., [96], [120], [523];
Republican, [96];
birth, education, [97];
antipathy of Federalists, [97];
in Congress, Jefferson's enmity, [97], [99];
cultivated by Federalists, [98];
devotion to M., [99], [523];
authority on law of real estate, [100];
and Nationalism, [116], [145];
on constitutionality of Embargo, [118 n.];
authority on admiralty, [119];
United States vs. Palmer, [126];
appearance, [132];
on oratory before Supreme Court, [133], [135 n.];
dissent in Nereid case, [142];
opinions in Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [144], [145], [156], [161-64];
assailed for opinion, contemplates resignation, [166];
and Dartmouth College case, [232], [243 n.], [251], [255], [257], [259 n.], [274], [275];
opinion in Terrett vs. Taylor, [243];
on Dartmouth decision, [277];
on M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [284], [287];
and M.'s reply to Roane, [322];
omnivorous reader, [363];
and Jefferson's attack on Judiciary, [363], [364];
opinion in Green vs. Biddle, [376];
on Todd's absence, [381 n.];
in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, [471];
on slave trade and law of nations, [476];
opinion in Bank vs. Dandridge, [482];
dissent in Ogden vs. Saunders, [482 n.];
on proposed repeal of appellate jurisdiction, [514];
and M.'s suggested resignation, [520];
on M.'s recovery, [528];
dissent in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, [546 n.];
on Worcester vs. Georgia, [551];
on Nullification movement, [559];
on Jackson's Proclamation, [563];
M. and Commentaries and its dedication, [569], [576], [580], [581];
on Webster's speech against Nullification, [572];
article on statesmen, [577];
on M.'s green old age, [579];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583], [584 n.];
and M.'s decline, [586], [587];
epitaph for M., [592], [593].
Strict construction. See Nationalism; State Rights.
Strong, Caleb, and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129].
Stuart, David, and chancery bill (1787), 1, [219];
on title for President, 2, [36];
on Virginia's hostility to National Government (1790), [68 n.]
Stuart, Gilbert, and engraving for M.'s Washington, 3, [236 n.];
portraits of Dartmouth College case counsel, 4, [255 n.]
Stuart vs. Laird, 3, [130].
Sturges vs. Crowninshield, case, 4, [209];
M.'s opinion, [209-18];
right of State to enact bankruptcy laws, [208-12];
New York insolvency law as impairing the obligation of contracts, [212-18];
reception of opinion, [218], [219].
Sturgis, Josiah. See Sturges vs. Crowninshield.
Subpœna duces tecum, to President Adams, 3, [33], [86];
to Jefferson in Burr trial, [433-47], [450], [518-22];
Jefferson's reply, [454-56];
of Cabinet officers in Ogden-Smith case, [436 n.]
Suffrage, limitation, 1, [217 n.], [284], 3, [13 n.], [15 n.];
problem in Virginia, M.'s conservatism on it, 4, [468-71];
in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention (1820), [471];
debate in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830), [501-07].
Sullivan, George, counsel in Dartmouth College case, 4, [234].
Sullivan, John, dissatisfaction, 1, [86];
Brandywine campaign, [95];
Germantown, [102];
intrigue against, [122].
Sullivan, John L., steamboat monopoly, 4, [415].
Sullivan, Samuel, Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [331].
Sumter, Thomas, on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54];
and Yazoo claims, [583].
Supreme Court, Ware vs. Hylton, M.'s argument, 2, [189-92];
Hunter vs. Fairfax, [206-08];
M. declines Associate Justiceship, [347], [378], [379];
salaries (1800), [539 n.];
question of Chief Justice (1801), [552];
Jefferson's attitude and plans against, 3, [20-22];
United States vs. Hudson, no Federal common-law jurisdiction, [28 n.];
influence of Alien and Sedition Acts on position, [49];
Justices on circuit, [55];
act abolishing June session, purpose, [94-97];
low place in public esteem, [120];
first room in Capitol, [121 n.];
mandamus jurisdiction, [127-32];
plan to impeach all Federal Justices, [159-63], [173], [176], [178];
release of Swartwout and Bollmann on habeas corpus, [346], [348-57];
renewal of attack on, during Burr trial, [357];
becomes Republican, 4, [60];
under M. life and consultations of Justices, [86-89];
character on M.'s control, [89];
practitioners in M.'s time, [94], [95], [131-35];
appointment of successor to Cushing, Story, [106-10];
quarters after burning of Capitol, [130];
appearance in Nereid case, [131];
Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, right of appeal from State courts, [156-67];
salary question (1816), [166];
change in repute, [310];
apostacy of Republican Justices, [317], [358], [359], [444];
Wirt on, [369 n.];
attack in Congress, movement to restrict power over State laws (1821-25), [371-80], [394-96], [450];
renewal of attempt (1830), [514-17];
proposed Virginia amendment, [371], [378];
Green vs. Biddle, protest of Kentucky, [375-77], [380-82];
alarm in, over attacks, [381];
reversal of attitude toward, causes, [450-54];
personnel (1830), [510];
becomes restive under M.'s rule, [510], [513];
M. anticipates reaction in, against Nationalism, [513], [514], [582], [584];
Jefferson's later denunciation, [538];
Jackson's denial of authority of opinions, [530-32];
rule of majority on constitutional questions, [583].
See also Commerce; Contracts; Declaring acts void; Implied powers; International law; Judiciary; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); Nationalism; Story, Joseph; cases by title.
Swartwout, Samuel, takes Burr's letter to Wilkinson, 3, [307];
and Wilkinson, [320], [332 n.], [354 n.];
denial of Wilkinson's statement, [320 n.];
character then, later fall, [321 n.], [465];
arrested, mistreatment, [332], [334];
brought to Washington, [343];
held for trial, [344-46];
discharged by Supreme Court, [346-57];
testifies at Burr trial, [465];
not indicted, [466 n.];
insults and challenges Wilkinson, [471];
as Jackson's adviser, 4, [532 n.]
Sweden, and Barbary Powers, 2, [499].
Talbot, Isham, on Supreme Court, 4, [451].
Talbot, Silas, Sandwich affair, 2, [496];
Amelia case, 3, [16].
Talbot vs. Seeman, 3, [16], [17], [273 n.]
Taliaferro, Lawrence, colonel of minute men, 1, [69].
Talleyrand Périgord, Charles M. de, on narrow belt of settlement, 1, [258];
on Baltimore, [264];
on food and drink, [282];
rise, 2, [249], [250];
opinion of United States, [250], [251];
and Bonaparte, [272], [288];
and reopening of American negotiations, [423].
See also X. Y. Z. Mission.
Tallmadge, Benjamin, on War of 1812, 4, [40 n.]
Talmadge, Matthias B., Ogden-Smith trial, 3, [436 n.]
Taney, Roger B., as practitioner before M., 4, [135 n.];
counsel in Brown vs. Maryland, [455];
career, [455 n.];
later opinion on Brown vs. Maryland, [460];
Chief Justice, [584 n.]
Tariff, antagonistic State laws during Confederation, 1, [310], [311];
Taylor's attack on protection, 4, [338 n.], [366-68];
as element in strife of political theories, [370], [536];
threatened resistance, reference to by M. and Johnson, [384], [388 n.], [394 n.], [459], [536], [537], [555];
debate (1824) and Gibbons vs. Ogden, [421];
Compromise, [574].
See also Import duties; Nullification; Taxation.
Tarleton, Banastre, in Philadelphia society, 1, [109];
in Virginia, [144 n.]
Tarring and feathering, practice, 1, [214 n.]
Tassels, George, trial and execution, 4, [542], [543].
Tavern, Richmond (1780), 1, [172];
at Raleigh, 4, [65].
Taxation, Virginia commutable act, 1, [207 n.];
not cause of Shays's Rebellion, [299], [300];
opposition to power in Federal Constitution, [334];
Ratification debate, [342], [366], [390], [404], [413], [416], [419], [421];
proposed amendment on power, [477];
Federal, as issue (1800), 2, [520], [530 n.];
exemption of lands as contract, 4, [221-23];
M'Culloch vs. Maryland, Osborn vs. Bank, State taxation of Federal instruments, [302-08];
State power and commerce clause, [435], [454-59].
See also Directory; Excise; Finances; Requisitions; Tariff.
Taylor, George Keith, and privateer incident, 2, [106];
courtship and marriage, M.'s interest, [174], [175];
Federal appointment as nepotism, [560 n.]
Taylor, John, of Caroline, Hite vs. Fairfax, 1, [191], [192];
attack on Hamilton's financial system, 2, [69];
suggests idea of Kentucky Resolutions, [397];
and Callender trial, 3, [38 n.], [39], [176], [177], [190], [214];
and repeal of Judiciary Act, [58 n.], [607-10];
control of Virginia politics, 4, [146];
attack on M.'s Nationalist opinions, [309], [335-39];
attack on protective tariff, [338 n.], [366-68].
Taylor, John, of Mass., on travel, 1, [257];
in Ratification Convention, [345].
Taylor, Peter, testimony in Burr trial, 3, [425], [426], [465], [488].
Taylor, Robert, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Taylor, Thomas, security for Burr, 3, [429 n.]
Tazewell, Littleton W., grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.];
on Swartwout, [465 n.];
M. soothes, 4, [88];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484];
in debate on State Judiciary, [489], [490].
Tennessee, Burr in, his plan to represent in Congress, 3, [292-96], [312], [313];
tax on external banks, 4, [207];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [334].
Tennessee Company, 3, [550], [553 n.]
See also Yazoo.
Terence, on law and injustice, 3, [1].
Terrett vs. Taylor, 4, [243 n.], [246 n.]
Territory, powers of Governor, 2, [446];
M. on government, 4, [142-44].
Thacher, George, and slavery, 2, [450].
Thatcher, Samuel C., on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [269], [270].
Thayer, James B., on M. at Wickham's dinner, 3, [396 n.]
Theater, M. and, 2, [217], [231].
Thibaudeau, Antoine C. de, and 18th Fructidor, 2, [240].
Thomas, Robert, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [547].
Thompson, James, as M.'s instructor, 1, [53];
parish, [54];
political opinions, [54];
and military preparation, [70].
Thompson, John, address on Jay Treaty, 2, [126-29];
Curtius letters on M., [395], [396], 3, [354];
character, 2, [396 n.]
Thompson, John A., arrest by Georgia, 4, [574].
Thompson, Lucas P., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [496], [500].
Thompson, Philip R., in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [74];
and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), [347].
Thompson, Samuel, in Ratification Convention, 1, [345], [346], [348].
Thompson, Smith, on Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [406];
dissents from Brown vs. Maryland, [455];
on slave trade and law of nations, [476];
opinion in Ogden vs. Saunders, [481 n.];
dissent in Craig vs. Missouri, [513];
dissent in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, [546 n.];
and M., [582];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583].
Thompson, William, attack on M., 3, [525], [533-35].
Thruston, Buckner, of Smith committee, 3, [541 n.]
Ticknor, George, on M., 4, [91 n.];
on Supreme Court in Nereid case, [131].
Tiffin, Edward, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [324].
Tilghman, Tench, on luxury in Philadelphia, 1, [108 n.]
Titles, influence of French Revolutions, 2, [36-38].
Toasts, typical Federalist (1798), 2, [349 n.];
Federalist, to the Judiciary, [548 n.];
Burr's, on Washington's birthday, 3, [280];
Jefferson's, on freedom of the seas, 4, [23];
Jackson's "Union," [557].
Tobacco, characteristics of culture, 1, [19];
universal use, 3, [399].
Todd, Thomas, and Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, 4, [153];
and Dartmouth College case, [255];
and Green vs. Biddle, [381 n.];
on regulating power to declare State acts void, [396 n.]
Tompkins, Daniel D., and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [411].
Tories. See Loyalists.
Townsend, Henry A., and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [409 n.]
Tracy, Uriah, and reopening of French negotiations, 2, [425];
on pardon of Fries, [430 n.];
on Republican ascendancy (1800), [521 n.];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [61];
on Louisiana Purchase, [150];
at Chase trial, [217];
and Burr, [281].
Transportation. See Commerce; Communication; Internal improvements.
Travel, hardships, 1, [250], [255-64];
conditions as an index of community isolation, [251], [255];
conditions (c. 1815), 3, [4 n., 5 n.];
stage time between Richmond and Raleigh (c. 1810), 4, [63 n.]

Treason, Jefferson's views in 1794 and 1807, 2, [91];
Fries trial, 3, [34-36];
basis of constitutional limitation, [349-51], [402-04];
necessity of actual levy of war, what constitutes, [350], [351], [377-79], [388], [442], [491], [505-09], [619];
presence of accused at assembly, [350], [484], [493-97], [502], [509-12], [540], [620-26];
legal order of proof, [424], [425], [484-87];
attempt to amend law, [540].
Treaties, M. on constitutional power of execution, Jonathan Robins case, 2, [461-71];
supreme law, 3, [17], 4, [156].
See also next title.
Treaty-making power, in Ratification debate, 1, [442], [444];
in contest over Jay Treaty, 2, [119], [128], [133-36], [141-43].
Trevett vs. Weeden, 3, [611].
Trimble, David, attack on Supreme Court, 4, [395].
Trimble, Robert, opinion in Ogden vs. Saunders, 4, [481 n.]
Triplett, James, and Callender trial, 3, [37].
Tronçon, ——-, and 18th Fructidor, 2, [240].
Troup, George M., and Yazoo claims, denunciation of M., 3, [596-601].
Troup, Robert on Republicans and X. Y. Z. dispatches, 2, [339], [342];
on M.'s return, [344];
on war preparations, [357], [363];
on Adams's absence, [431];
on disruption of British-debts commission, [501];
on Federalist dissensions, [526];
on Hamilton's attack on Adams, [528 n.];
on Morris in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [71];
on isolation of Burr, [279 n.], [280 n.]
Trumbull, Jonathan, and pardon of Williams, 2, [496 n.]
Truxtun, Thomas, and Burr Conspiracy, 3, [302], [303], [614];
at trial, testimony, [451], [458-62], [488];
career and grievance, [458 n.], [462].
Tucker, George, on social conditions in Virginia, 1, [23 n., 24 n.]
Tucker, Henry St. George, and internal improvements, 4, [418];
counsel in Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [161].
Tucker, St. George, on British debts, 1, [441 n.];
and right of secession, 3, [430];
and Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, 4, [148 n.], [151 n.]
Tucker, Thomas T., journey (1790), 3, [55 n.]
Tunno, Adam, and Yazoo lands, 3, [566 n.]
Tupper, Edward W., and Burr conspiracy, 3, [427].
Turner, Thomas, sale to M.'s father, 1, [55].
Turner vs. Fendall, 3, [18].
Turreau, Louis M., on secession threats, 4, [25 n.]
Twelfth Amendment, origin, 2, [533 n.]
Tyler, Comfort, in Burr conspiracy, 3, [324], [361], [489], [491];
indicted for treason, [466 n.]
Tyler, John [1], in Ratification Convention: Vice-President, 1, [432];
in the debate, [440];
and amendments, [473], [474];
on Judiciary, 3, [28];
on speculation, [557 n.];
on M. and neutral trade controversy, 4, [25];
appointment as District Judge, Jefferson's activity, [103-06];
Livingston vs. Jefferson, [111-13].
Tyler, John [2], on Bank of the United States, 4, [289];
and American Colonization Society, [474], [476 n.];
tribute to M., [476 n.];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484].
Unicorn incident, 2, [103-06].
Union, M.'s early training in idea, 1, [9];
lack of popular appreciation, [285].
See also Confederation; Continental Congress; Federal Constitution; Government; Nationalism; Nullification; State Rights; Secession.
United States Oracle of the Day, on Paterson's charge, 3, [30 n.]
United States vs. Fisher, 3, [162].
United States vs. Hopkins, 3, [130 n.]
United States vs. Hudson, 3, [28 n.]
United States vs. Lawrence, 3, [129 n.]
United States vs. Palmer, 4, [126], [127].
United States vs. Peters, 3, [129 n.], 4, [18-21].
United States vs. Ravara, 3, [129 n.]
United States vs. Schooner Peggy, 3, [17], [273 n.]
United States vs. Worral, 3, [28 n.]
Upper Mississippi Company, Yazoo land purchase, 3, [550].
See also Yazoo.
Upshur, Abel P., and American Colonization Society, 4, [474];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484], [502 n.]
Valentine, Edward V., on M., 4, [67 n.]
Valley Forge, army at, 1, [110-17], [131], [132];
M.'s cheerful influence, [117-20], [132];
discipline, [120].
Van Buren, Martin, on revolutionary action of Framers, 1, [323 n.];
on Supreme Court, 4, [380], [452];
as Jackson's adviser, [532 n.]
Van Horne's Lessee vs. Dorrance, 3, [612].
Van Ingen, James, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, suits, 4, [405-09].
Varnum, James M., on army at Valley Forge, 1, [115].
Varnum, Joseph B., and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 3, [348].
Vassalborough, Me., and Ratification, 1, [341].
Venus case, M.'s dissent, 4, [128], [129].
Vermont, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [105 n.], [106];
steamboat monopoly, 4, [415].
Vestries in colonial Virginia, 1, [52].
Veto of State laws, Madison on necessity of Federal, 1, [312].
See also Declaring acts void.
Villette, Madame de, as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [290];
M.'s farewell to, [333].
Virginia, state of colonial society, 1, [19-28];
character and influence of frontiersmen, [28-31];
as birthplace of statesmen, [32];
colonial roads, [36 n.];
vestries, [52];
Convention (1775), [65], [66];
preparation for the Revolution, [69-74];
battle of Great Bridge, [74-78];
Norfolk, [78];
Jefferson's services during the Revolution, [128];
M. in Council of State, [209-12];
political machine, [210], 2, [56 n.], 4, [146], [174], [485-88];
suffrage and representation under first Constitution, 1, [217 n.];
religious state and controversy, [220-22];
and British debts, [223-31];
hardships of travel, [259-62];
classes, [277], [278];
houses and food, [280], [281];
drinking, [281-83];
paper money, [296];
prosperity during Confederation, [306];
tariff, [310];
attack on Constitution of 1776 (1789), 2, [56 n.];
and assumption of State debts, [62-69];
hostility to new government (1790), [68 n.];
and Whiskey Insurrection, [88-90];
Unicorn privateer incident, [103-06];
election on neutrality issue (1794), [106];
and Jay Treaty, [120], [126], [129];
Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, [149-55];
Marshall's campaign for Congress (1798), [374-80], [401], [409-16];
election methods and scenes, [413-15];
survey for internal improvements (1812), 4, [42-45];
M. anticipates split, [571].
See also following titles; and Bank of Virginia; Cohens vs. Virginia; House of Burgesses; Legislature; Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee; Ratification.
Virginia Constitutional Convention (1829-30), M. and election to, 4, [467];
need, Jefferson and demand, [468], [469];
suffrage problem, M.'s conservatism on in, [469-71];
prominent members, [484];
petition on suffrage, [484];
M.'s report on Judiciary, [484], [485];
existing oligarchic system, [485-88];
extent of demand for judicial reform, [488];
M. as reactionary in, [488], [507], [508];
M.'s standing, [489];
debate on Judiciary, [489-501];
debate on suffrage, [501-07];
justification of conservatism, [508].
Virginia Resolutions, M. foretells, 2, [394];
framing and adoption, [399];
Madison's address of the majority, [400], [411];
M.'s address of the minority, [402-06];
military measure to uphold, [406], [408];
Henry on, [411];
consideration in Massachusetts, 3, [43];
Dana on, [45];
as Republican gospel, [105-08];
resolutions of Federalist States on, [105 n., 106 n.];
Madison's later explanation, [557];
as continued creed of Virginia, [576], [577].
See also State Rights.
Virginia Yazoo Company, 3, [553 n.]
See also Yazoo.
Visit and search, by British vessels, 2, [229].
See also Impressment; Neutral trade.
Wadsworth, Peleg, and M. (1796), 2, [198].
Wait, Thomas B., on Ratification in Pennsylvania, 1, [331 n.], [342].
Waite, Morrison R., on Dartmouth College case, 4, [280].
Waldo, Albigence, on army at Valley Forge, 1, [112-14], [124];
on prisoners of war, [115].
Walker, David, on Bank of the United States, 4, [289].
Walker, Freeman, on Missouri question, 4, [341].
War. See Army; Militia; Navy; Preparedness; and wars by name.
War of 1812, M.'s opposition, 4, [1], [35-41];
bibliography, [8 n.];
demanded by second generation of statesmen, [28], [29];
declaration, [29];
causes, [29 n.], [52-55];
opposition of Federalists, [30], [45], [46], [48];
and M.'s candidacy for President, [31-34];
dependence on European war, [50], [51];
Hartford Convention, [51];
direct and indirect results, [56-58];
finances, [177], [179].
Warden, John, offends Virginia House, 1, [215].
Ware vs. Hylton, M.'s connection and arguments, 2, [186-92].
Warrington, James, and Yazoo lands, 3, [566 n.]
Warville, Jean P. Brissot de, on tobacco culture, 1, [20 n.];
on drinking, [282 n.]
Washington, Bushrod, on Madison in Ratification Convention, 1, [395];
and Jay Treaty, 2, [121];
and M. (1798), [375];
appointment to Supreme Court, [378], [379];
appearance, 4, [131], [249];
and Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [156];
and Dartmouth College case, [255];
and M.'s reply to attack on M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [318];
opinion in Green vs. Biddle, [380];
opinion in Ogden vs. Saunders, [481 n.];
death, [581].
See also Biography.
Washington, George,
pre-presidential years:
in Braddock's march and defeat, 1, [2-5];
reported slain, [5];
and M.'s father, [7], [46];
landed estate, [20 n.];
as statesman, [32];
early reading, [46 n.];
influence of Lord Fairfax, [50];
on frontier discomforts, [53 n., 54 n.];
in Virginia Convention (1775), [66];
on military preparedness, [69];
on state of the army, [80-83], [86], [92], [131], [132];
on militia, [83-86], [100];
smallpox, [87 n.];
Brandywine campaign, [92-98];
campaign before Philadelphia, [98-102];
as sole dependence of the Revolution (1778), [101], [121], [124];
Germantown, [102-04];
besought to apostatize, [105], [130], [131];
final movements before Philadelphia, [105-07];
fears at Valley Forge, [114];
discipline, [120];
intrigue against, [121-23];
plea for a better Continental Congress, [124-26], [131];
distrust of effect of French alliance, [134];
Monmouth, [134-38];
and Stony Point, [139];
and light infantry, [139 n.];
and military smartness, [140 n.];
and Mary Cary, [150 n.];
and purchase of land from M.'s father, [167];
employs M.'s legal services, [196];
on post-Revolutionary Assembly, [206];
and relief for Thomas Paine, [213];
and internal improvements, [217];
hot-tempered Nationalism during Confederation, [342];
loses faith in democracy, [252];
on unreliability of newspapers, [268];
on drinking, [282 n.], [283];
on chimney-corner patriots, [286];
on debased specie, [297];
despair (1786), [301], [307];
on requisitions, [305];
on responsibility of States for failure of Confederation, [308], [309];
on influence in Virginia of previous ratifications, [356];
and Randolph's attitude on Ratification, [362], [377 n.], [382 n.];
on campaign for Anti-Constitutionalist delegates, [366], [367];
on opposition of leaders in State politics, [366 n.];
on detailed debate in Virginia Convention, [370 n.];
influence on Ratification Convention, [476];
on the contest in Virginia, [478];
and opposition after Ratification, [248];
as distiller, 2, [86 n.];
on West and Union, 3, [282 n.]
As President and after:
hardships of travel, 1, [255], [259];
influence of French Revolution, 2, [3];
and beginning of French Revolution, [10];
and Genêt, [28];
and imprisonment of Lafayette, [33];
on democratic clubs, [38], [88], [89];
Virginia address (1789), [57];
on Virginia's opposition (1790), [68 n.];
opposes partisanship, [76];
and antagonism in Cabinet, [82];
and Whiskey Insurrection, [87], [89];
and neutrality, [92];
on attacks, [93 n.], [164];
and attacks on M.'s character, [102], [103];
and British crisis (1794), [112];
attacks on, over Jay Treaty, [116-18];
J. Q. Adams on policy, [119 n.];
on attacks on treaty, [120];
M. refuses Cabinet offices, [122], [123], [147];
M. advises on Cabinet positions, [124-26], [132];
virtual censure by Virginia Legislature, [137-40];
offers French mission to M., [144-46];
and support of Jay Treaty, [149], [150];
final Republican abuse, [158], [162-64];
address of Virginia Legislature (1796), [159-62];
and M.'s appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, [216];
Monroe's attack, [222];
M.'s letters during X. Y. Z. mission, [229], [233-44], [267-72], [320-23];
on hopes for X. Y. Z. Mission, [244];
on X. Y. Z. dispatches and French partisans, [340], [359], [360];
Federalist toast to (1798), [349 n.];
accepts command of army, [357];
does not anticipate land war, [357];
on Gerry, [365];
persuades M. to run for Congress (1798), [374-78];
Langhorne letter, [375 n.];
and M.'s election, [416];
and M.'s apology for statement by supporters, [416], [417];
death, M.'s announcement in Congress, [440-43];
House resolutions, authorship of "first in war" designation, [443-45];
and slavery petitions, [450 n.];
temperament contrasted with Adams's, [487 n.];
Jefferson's Mazzei letter on, [537 n.];
Weems's biography, 3, [231 n.];
and French War, [258 n.];
M.'s biography on Administration, [263-65];
and Yazoo lands, [569].
See also Biography.
Washington, D.C., Morris's land speculation, 2, [205 n.];
condition when first occupied, [494 n.];
aspect (1801), 3, [1-4];
lack of progress, [4-6];
malaria, [6];
absence of churches, [6];
boarding-houses, [7];
population, [9];
drinking, [9];
factions, [10];
Webster on, 4, [86].
See also District of Columbia.
Washington Federalist, on Hamilton's attack on Adams, 2, [528];
campaign virulence, [530 n.];
eulogism of Adams, [532 n.];
M.'s reputed influence over, [532 n.], [541], [547 n.];
and Jefferson-Burr contest, [534 n.], [540];
on Hay's attack on M., [543 n.];
on Republican armed threat, [544 n., 545 n.];
sentiment after Jefferson's election, [547 n.];
on Judiciary debate (1802), and secession, 3, [72];
on Bayard's speech on Judiciary, [82];
on Randolph's speech, [87 n.];
on repeal of Judiciary Act, [92], [93];
on Burr's farewell address, [274 n.]
Washington's birthday, celebration abandoned (1804), 3, [210 n.];
Burr's toast, [280].
Washita lands, Burr's plan to settle, 3, [292 n.], [303], [310], [312], [313], [314 n.], [319], [324 n.], [361 n.], [362], [461], [462], [523], [527];
Water travel, hardships, 1, [259], 3, [55 n.]
See also Steamboat.
Watkins, John, and Burr, 3, [295];
and Wilkinson and Adair, [337 n.]
Watson, Elkanah, on army at Valley Forge, 1, [111 n.];
on hardships of travel, [263 n.];
on Virginia social conditions, [277 n.];
on dissipation, [283 n.]
Wayne, Anthony, discipline, 1, [88];
in Brandywine campaign, [93], [95], [96];
in Philadelphia campaign, [100];
Germantown, [102];
Monmouth campaign, [135];
Stony Point, [139-41];
and supplies, [139 n.];
on military smartness, [139 n.]
Wayne, C. P., negotiations to publish M.'s biography, 3, [225-27];
agreement, [227], [228];
and political situation, [230];
solicitation of subscriptions, [230], [235];
and M.'s delays and prolixity, [235], [236], [239], [241];
and financial problem, [236], [250];
payment of royalty, [247], [248], [251];
and revised edition, [272].
Wayne, James M., appointment to Supreme Court, 4, [584].
Webb, Foster, and Tabby Eppes, 1, [182].
Webster, Daniel, on Yazoo claims, 3, [602];
opposes new Western States, 4, [28 n.];
and War of 1812, [48];
opposes conscription, [51 n., 52 n.];
on M., [59 n.];
on Washington, [86];
as practitioner before M., [95], [135];
on bank debate, [180];
counsel in Dartmouth College case, [233], [234], [260], [273];
and story of Indian students, [233 n.];
on the trial, [237], [240 n.], [250 n.], [253 n.], [254 n.], [261 n.], [273], [274];
argument in case, [240-52];
tribute to Dartmouth, [248-50];
fee and portrait, [255 n.];
and success in case, [273];
counsel in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, appearance, [284];
argument, [285];
on the case, [288];
debt to M. in reply to Hayne, [293 n.], [552-55];
counsel in Cohens vs. Virginia, [357];
in and on debate on Supreme Court, [379], [380], [395], [395 n.], [452 n.];
counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, [385];
resolution on regulating power to declare State acts void, [396], [451];
counsel in Gibbons vs. Ogden, [413], [424];
argument, [424-27];

fanciful story on it, [424 n.];
overlooks M.'s earlier decision on question, [427-29];
and American Colonization Society, [474];
and recharter of the Bank, [530];
on Nullification, M.'s commendation, [572].
Webster, Ezekiel, on War of 1812, 4, [46 n.]
Webster, Noah, on Jacobin enthusiasm, 2, [35 n.];
on license of the press, [530];
and biography of Washington, 3, [225 n.]
Weems, Mason L., biography of Washington, 3, [225 n.], [231 n.];
character, [231];
career, [231 n.];
soliciting agent for M.'s biography of Washington, [231-34], [252];
his orders for books, [252 n.], [253 n.]
Weld, Isaac, on hardships of travel, 1, [250];
on William and Mary, [272];
on lack of comforts, [274];
on drinking, [281];
on passion for military titles, [328 n.];
on attacks on Washington, 2, [117 n.]
Wentworth, John, charter for Dartmouth College, 4, [224].
West, and attitude toward Union, Spanish intrigue, 3, [282-85], [297], [299], [554];
Burr turns to, [286];
M. on internal improvements and (1812), 4, [43-45];
War of 1812 and migration, [57];
See also Burr conspiracy; Frontier; Yazoo lands.
West Florida, expected war with Spain over, 3, [284], [285], [295], [301], [306], [312], [383 n.]
West Virginia, M. anticipates formation, 4, [571].
Western claims, Georgia claim and cession, 3, [553], [569], [570], [573].
Western Reserve, cession, 2, [446];
Granger's connection, 3, [578].
Westmoreland County, Vs., slave population (1790), 1, [21 n.]
Wharton, Colonel, and Swartwout and Bollmann, 3, [344].
Wheaton, Joseph, and Burr, 3, [304 n.]
Wheelock, Eleazer, and origin of Dartmouth College, 4, [223-26];
and Bellamy, [227].
Wheelock, John, President of Dartmouth College, 4, [226];
in Revolution, [226 n.];
troubles and removal, [227], [228];
reëlected under State reorganization, [232].
Whiskey Insurrection, opposition to Federal excise, 2, [86], [87];
outbreak, [87];
democratic societies and, [88], [89];
M. and, [89], [90];
Jefferson's support, [90];
political effect, [91].
Whitaker, Nathaniel, and Dartmouth College, 4, [223].
White, Abraham, in Ratification Convention, 1, [345].
White, Samuel, and Pickering impeachment, 3, [167], [168 n.]
White House, in 1801, 3, [2].
Whitehill, Robert, in Ratification Convention, 1, [329].
Whitney, Eli, cotton gin, 3, [555].
Whittington vs. Polk, 3, [612].
Wickham, John, as lawyer, 1, [173];
mock argument with M., 2, [184];
Ware vs. Hylton, [188];
and Chase impeachment, 3, [176];
Burr's counsel, at preliminary hearing, [373], [379], [407];
Burr and M. at dinner with, [394-97];
on motion to commit Burr for treason, [416], [418], [424];
and subpœna to Jefferson, [435];
on preliminary proof of overt act, [485];
on overt act, [491-94];
counsel in Hunter vs. Fairfax's Devisee, 4, [151];
practitioner before M., [237 n.]
Wickliffe, Charles A., bill on Supreme Court, 4, [380].
Widgery, William, in Ratification Convention, 1, [344], [345], [350].
Wilkins, William, and Burr, 3, [311 n.]
Wilkinson, James, Conway Cabal, 1, [121-23];
as Spanish agent, 3, [283], [284], [316], [320 n.], [337 n.];
and Burr's plans, proposes Mexican invasion, [290], [294], [297], [460];
and rumors of disunion plans, [297];
plans to abandon Burr, [298], [300 n.], [320];
at Louisiana frontier, expected to bring on war, [302], [308], [314];
Burr's cipher letter, [307-09], [614], [615];
letters to Adair and Smith, [314];
and Swartwout, [320], [354 n.], [465];
revelation to Jefferson, [321-23], [433], [518-22];
ordered to New Orleans, [324];
pretended terror, [328];
appeal for money to Viceroy, [329];
and to Jefferson, [330];
reign of terror in New Orleans, [330-37];
sends Jefferson a version of Burr's letter, [334];
Jefferson's message on it, [339], [341];
affidavit and version of Burr's letter in Swartwout case, [341], [352-56];
House debate on conduct, [358-60];
and Burr in Mississippi, denounced there, [364], [365];
attendance awaited at trial of Burr, [383], [393], [415], [416], [429], [431], [432], [440];
arrival and conduct, [456], [457];
Jackson denounces, [457];
before grand jury, barely escapes indictment, [463], [464];
swallows Swartwout's insult, [471];
fear, Jefferson bolsters, [472], [477];
attachment against, [473-75];
and Chesapeake-Leopard affair, [476];
personal effect of testimony, [523];
Daveiss's pamphlet on, [525].
William and Mary College, M. at, 1, [154];
conditions during period of M.'s attendance, [155-58], [272];
Phi Beta Kappa, [158];
debating, [159];
fees from surveys, [179 n.]
Williams, ——, counsel for Bollmann, 3, [453].
Williams, Isaac, trial and pardon, 2, [495], 3, [26].
Williams, Robert, in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [73].
Williamsburg, and frontier minute men, 1, [75];
"Palace," [163 n.]
Williamson, ——, loyalist, mobbed, 1, [214].
Williamson, Charles, and Burr, 3, [288], [289].
Wills, of M.'s putative great-grandfather, 1, [483], [484];
of M.'s grandfather, [485];
M.'s, 4, [525 n.]
Wilson, James, and Ratification in Pennsylvania, 1, [329], [332];
and in Virginia, [401];
and common-law jurisdiction, 3, [24-26];
and British precedents, [28 n.];
on declaring acts void, [115 n.], [117];
and Yazoo lands, [548], [555];
in Federal Convention, on obligation of contracts, [558 n.]
Wilson vs. Mason, 3, [17 n.]
Wine, M. as judge, 4, [79].
See also Drinking.
Wirt, William, on William and Mary, 1, [156 n.];
on frontiersmen, [236 n.];
on M.'s appearance, 2, [168], [169];
on M. as lawyer, [192], [193], [195], [196];
on social contrasts (1803), 3, [13];
Letters of a British Spy, [13 n.];
in Callender trial, [38-40], [190], [203];
prosecutes Burr, [407];
dissipation, [407 n.];
on motion to commit Burr for treason, [417];
on subpœna to Jefferson, [438], [439];
on preliminary proof of overt act, [485];
on overt act, [495-97], [616-18];
on M. at trial, [517], [521];
in trial for misdemeanor, [522];
on M.'s personality, 4, [91 n.];
as practitioner before M., [95], [135 n.];
on long arguments, [95 n.];
on Pinkney, [131 n.], [134 n.];
counsel in Dartmouth College case, [239], [253];
and Kent, [256 n.];
counsel in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [284];
and in Cohens vs. Virginia, [357];
on importance of Supreme Court, [369 n.];
on Oakley, [424];
counsel in Gibbons vs. Ogden, [424], [427];
and in Brown vs. Maryland, [455];
and in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, [541], [544], [547];
and in Worcester vs. Georgia, [549].
Wolcott, Alexander, and Justiceship, 4, [110].
Wolcott, Oliver [1], on Giles, 2, [84 n.]
Wolcott, Oliver [2], on support of new government (1791), 2, [61 n.], [148];
on French Revolution, [92];
on M. and new French mission, [433];
on M.'s reply to Adams's address (1799), [434];
on M.'s position in Congress, [436], [437];
underhand opposition to Adams, [488 n.], [493], [517 n.];
Aurora on, [491];
on M. as Secretary of State, [492], [493];
on Federalist defeat in M.'s district, [515];
on Republican influence over Adams, [518];
and Hamilton's attack on Adams, [527 n.];
and M. and Jefferson-Burr contest, [536];
banquet to, [548];
on enlargement of Federal Judiciary, [548];
appointment as Circuit Judge, [559], [560];
on Washington (1800), 3, [4], [8], [8 n.];
on Jefferson and popularity, [19 n.];
on M.'s biography of Washington, [233].
Women, education in colonial Virginia, 1, [18 n.], [24 n.];
M.'s attitude, [198], 4, [71], [72].
Wood, John, attacks on Federalists, 2, [379], [409];
book suppressed by Burr, [380 n.];
character, 3, [316 n.]
Woodbridge, Dudley, testimony in Burr trial, 3, [489].
Woodbury, Levi, hears Dartmouth College case, 4, [234].
Woodford, William, battle of Great Bridge, 1, [76];
in battle of Germantown, [103].
Woodward, William H., and Dartmouth College case, 4, [233], [239 n.], [273].
Woodworth, John, opinion on Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [449].
Worcester, Samuel A., arrest by Georgia, 4, [547];
pardoned, [552 n.]
See also Cherokee Indians.
Worcester, Mass., and Ratification, 1, [341].
Worcester vs. Georgia. See Cherokee Indians.
Workman, James, and Burr, 3, [295];
and Wilkinson's reign of terror, [335].
Wright, John C., counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [385].
Wright, Robert, at Chase trial, 3, [183 n.];
on Yazoo claims, [600].
Wylly, Thomas, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [546], [547].
Wythe, George, M. attends law lectures, 1, [154];
as professor, [157];
as judge, [173];
candidacy for Ratification Convention, [359];
in the Convention: Chairman, [368];
appearance, [373];
and recommendatory amendments, [469];
and Judiciary Act of, 1789, 3, [129];
Commonwealth vs. Caton, [611].
X. Y. Z. Mission, M.'s financial reason for accepting, 2, [211-13], [371-73];
Aurora on M.'s appointment, [218], [219];
M. in Philadelphia awaiting voyage, [214-18];
Adams on M.'s fitness, [218];
M.'s outward voyage, [219-21], [229];
as turning point in M.'s career, [221];
task, [221];
French depredations on neutral trade, [223-25];
Pinckney not received as Minister, [224];
Adams's address to Congress, French demand for withdrawal, [225], [226], [255], [262], [316];
wisdom of appointment, [226];
selection of envoys, Gerry, [226-29];
envoys at The Hague, Gerry's delay, [230], [231];
influence of 18th Fructidor, [244];
Washington on expectations, [244];
journey to Paris, [245];
M.'s pessimistic view of prospects, [246];
venality of French Government, [247-49];
and victims of French depredations, [249];
Talleyrand's opinion of United States, [250];
Talleyrand's position and need of money, [251];
Gerry's arrival, [251];
Talleyrand's informal reception, meeting visualized, [251], [253];
Talleyrand's measure of the envoys, [252];
Talleyrand and King's conciliatory letter, [252], [253];
Church's hint, [254];
Paine's interference, [254];
American instructions, [255];
origin of name, [256], [339];
depredations continue, protests of envoys, [257], [258], [270], [271-277], [283], [284], [310], [313], [331];
Gerry's opposition to action, [258];
Federalist opinions of Gerry, [258 n.], [295], [296], [363-65];
first unofficial agent's proposal of loan and bribe, [259-61];
division of envoys on unofficial negotiations and bribe, [260], [261], [264], [314-17];
second unofficial agent, [261];
other French demands, [262];
further urging of loan and bribe, [263], [265-67], [273-76], [291], [313], [314], [315], [317], [318];
proposed return for instructions, [265];
and British-American and British-French relations, [271], [283], [295], [312], [321], [322];
and treaty of Campo Formio, [271-73];
third unofficial agent, [276];
intrigue and private conferences with Gerry, [276-78], [287], [294], [295], [310], [311], [313], [333];
intimidation, [278], [311];
threat of overthrowing Federalists, [278-81], [283], [286], [311];
decision against further unofficial negotiations, [281];
threat to asperse envoys in United States, [281], [312], [318-20], [327];
division on addressing Talleyrand directly, [282];
newspaper calumny, [282], [331];
Talleyrand's refusal to receive envoys, [284];
female agent to work on Pinckney, [290];
attempt to use debt to Beaumarchais, [292-94];
desire of M. and Pinckney to terminate, demand for passports, [296], [309], [310], [314], [326], [327], [331], [332];
preparation of American memorial, [296], [297];
its importance, [297];
its contents, [297-309];
necessity of American neutrality, [298-301];
review of Genêt's conduct, [301-03];
free ships, free goods, and Jay Treaty, [303-05];
defense of Jay Treaty, [305-08];
memorial ignored, [310];
French plan to retain Gerry, [312], [315], [317], [320], [323], [324], [326], [331];
meetings with Talleyrand, [315], [317];
dissension, [316], [328];
M.'s assertion of purely American attitude, [319];
M. on loan as ultimatum, [321];
Talleyrand's reply to memorial, [323-26];
complaint against American newspaper attacks, [324];
insult to M. and Pinckney, [325], [332];
American rejoinder, [326], [328-31];
Gerry stays, [327], [328], [333], [363];
reply on complaint about newspapers, [329-31];
departure of M. and Pinckney, [332];
M.'s farewell to friends, [333];
Pinckney on Gerry and M., [333], [365];
conditions in United States during, [335];
French reports in United States, [335];
arrival of first dispatches, Adams's warning to Congress, [336];
Republican demand for dispatches, [336-38];
effect of publication, war spirit, Republican about face, [338-43], [363];
M.'s return and reception, [343-55];
Jefferson's call on M., [346], [347];
origin of "millions for defense" slogan, [348];
M.'s addresses on, [350], [352], [353], [571-73];
Adams's statement of policy, [351];
effect on Federalist Party, [355-57], [361];
Jefferson's attempt to undo effect, [359-61], [368];
effect of dispatches in Europe, [363];
Talleyrand's demand on Gerry for the X. Y. Z. names, [364], [366];
M.'s fear of Gerry's stay, [365];
Adams and M.'s journal, [366];
Gerry's defense, M. and question of rejoinder, [367-69];
Giles's sneer and Bayard's answer (1802), 3, [77], [80].
Yates, Joseph C., on Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [406].
Yazoo lands, Rutledge on (1802), 3, [88];
and Chase impeachment, [174];
sale act (1795), graft, [546-50];
provisions, [550], [551];
popular denunciation of act, [551], [559-62];
and Indian titles, [552], [569], [570], [592];
earlier grant, [554];
character of second companies, [554];
and invention of cotton gin, [555], [556];
matter before first congresses, [560], [569], [570];
repeal of grant, theatricalism, [562-66];
Hamilton's opinion on validity of titles, [562], [563];
resale, "innocent purchasers" and property rights, [566], [578-80], [586], [588-90], [598];
National interest, pamphlets, [570-72];
and cession of Georgia's Western claim, [574];
report of Federal Commission, [574];
claim before Congress, Randolph's opposition, [574-83], [595-602];
memorial of New England Mississippi Company, [576];
popular support of Randolph, [581];
obstacles to judicial inquiry, [583];
friendly suit, Fletcher vs. Peck before Circuit Court, [583], [584];
case before Supreme Court, first hearing, [585];
question of collusion, Johnson's separate opinion, [585], [592], [601];
second hearing, [585];
M.'s opinion, [586-91];
legality of grant, effect of corruption, [587], [598], [599];
unconstitutionality of repeal, impairment of obligation of contracts, [590], [591];
attitude of Administration, [592];
importance of opinion, [593-95], [602];
congressional denunciation of opinion, [595-601];
popular support of denunciation, [599];
local influences on settlement, [601];
settlement, [602].
York, Me., and Ratification, 1, [341].
Young, Daniel, and disestablishment in New Hampshire, 4, [230 n.]
Zubly, John J., denounced by Chase, 3, [185 n.]

Transcriber's Note: Obvious errors in spelling and punctuation have been corrected. Footnotes have been renumbered and moved from the page end to the end of their respective chapters. Images have been moved from the middle of a paragraph to the closest paragraph break.

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