FOOTNOTES:
1 ([return])
[ Celebrated general under Petr' Alexiovitch the Great, and the Tzarina Anna Iwanofna; banished by her successor, the Tzarina Elizabeth Petrofna.]
2 ([return])
[ Savéliitch, son of Savéli.]
3 ([return])
[ Means pedagogue. Foreign teachers have adopted it to signify their profession.]
4 ([return])
[ One who has not yet attained full age. Young gentlemen who have not yet served are so called.]
5 ([return])
[ Drorovuiye lyndi, that is to say, courtyard people, or serfs, who inhabit the quarters.]
6 ([return])
[ Eudosia, daughter of Basil.]
7 ([return])
[ Diminutive of Petr', Peter.]
8 ([return])
[ Anastasia, daughter of Garassim]
9 ([return])
[ Orenburg, capital of the district of Orenburg, which—the most easterly one of European Russia—extends into Asia.]
10 ([return])
[ Touloup, short pelisse, not reaching to the knee.]
11 ([return])
[ John, son of John.]
12 ([return])
[ One kopek=small bit of copper money.]
13 ([return])
[ The rouble was then worth, as is now the silver rouble, about 3s. 4d. English money.]
14 ([return])
[ "Kvass," kind of cider; common drink in Russia.]
15 ([return])
[ Whirlwind of snow.]
16 ([return])
[ Curtain made of the inner bark of the limetree which covers the hood of a kibitka.]
17 ([return])
[ Marriage godfather.]
18 ([return])
[ Torch of fir or birch.]
19 ([return])
[ Tributary of the River Ural.]
20 ([return])
[ Tea urn.]
21 ([return])
[ A short caftan.]
22 ([return])
[ Russian priest.]
23 ([return])
[ Russian peasants carry their axe in their belt or behind their back.]
24 ([return])
[ Under Catherine II., who reigned from 1762-1796.]
25 ([return])
[ i.e., "palati," usual bed of Russian peasants.]
26 ([return])
[ Allusion to the rewards given by the old Tzars to their boyárs, to whom they used to give their cloaks.]
27 ([return])
[ Anne Ivánofna reigned from 1730-1740.]
28 ([return])
[ One verstá or verst (pronounced viorst) equal to 1,165 yards English.]
29 ([return])
[ Peasant cottages.]
30 ([return])
[ Loubotchnyia, i.e., coarse illuminated engravings.]
31 ([return])
[ Taken by Count Münich.]
32 ([return])
[ John, son of Kouzma.]
33 ([return])
[ Formula of affable politeness.]
34 ([return])
[ Subaltern officer of Cossacks.]
35 ([return])
[ Alexis, son of John.]
36 ([return])
[ Basila, daughter of Gregory.]
37 ([return])
[ John, son of Ignatius.]
38 ([return])
[ The fashion of talking French was introduced under Peter the Great.]
39 ([return])
[ Diminutive of Marya, Mary.]
40 ([return])
[ Russian soup, made of meat and vegetables.]
41 ([return])
[ In Russia serfs are spoken of as souls.]
42 ([return])
[ Ivánofna, pronounced Ivánna.]
43 ([return])
[ Poet, then celebrated, since forgotten.]
44 ([return])
[ They are written in the already old-fashioned style of the time.]
45 ([return])
[ Trédiakofski was an absurd poet whom Catherine II. held up to ridicule in her "Rule of the Hermitage!">[
46 ([return])
[ Scornful way of writing the patronymic.]
47 ([return])
[ Formula of consent.]
48 ([return])
[ One verchok = 3 inches.]
49 ([return])
[ Grandson of Peter the Great, succeeded his aunt, Elizabeth Petrofna, in 1762; murdered by Alexis Orloff in prison at Ropsha.]
50 ([return])
[ Torture of the "batógs," little rods, the thickness of a finger, with which a criminal is struck on the bare back.]
51 ([return])
[ Edict or ukase of Catherine II.]
52 ([return])
[ Pugatch means bugbear.]
53 ([return])
[ Sarafan, dress robe. It is a Russian custom to bury the dead in their best clothes.]
54 ([return])
[ Girdles worn by Russian peasants.]
55 ([return])
[ Peter III.]
56 ([return])
[ Little flat and glazed press where the Icons or Holy Pictures are shut up, and which thus constitutes a domestic altar or home shrine.]
57 ([return])
[ Atamán, military Cossack chief.]
58 ([return])
[ 1 pétak = 5 kopek copper bit.]
59 ([return])
[ First of the false Dmitri.]
60 ([return])
[ Allusion to the old formulas of petitions addressed to the Tzar, "I touch the earth with my forehead and I present my petition to your 'lucid eyes.'">[
61 ([return])
[ At that time the nostrils of convicts were cut off. This This barbarous custom has been abolished by the Tzar Alexander.]
62 ([return])
[ Daughter of another Commandant of a Fort, whom Pugatchéf outraged and murdered.]
63 ([return])
[ Name of a robber celebrated in the preceding century, who fought long against the Imperial troops.]
64 ([return])
[ In the torture by fire the accused is tied hand and foot; he is then fixed on a long pole, as upon a spit, being held at either end by two men; his bare back is roasted over the fire. He is then examined and abjured by a writer to confess, and any depositions he may make are taken down.]
65 ([return])
[ Slight skirmish, wherein the advantage remained with Pugatchéf.]
66 ([return])
[ Frederick, son of Frederick; name given to Frederick the Great by the Russian soldiery.]
67 ([return])
[ Title of a superior officer.]
68 ([return])
[ Hazard game at cards.]
69 ([return])
[ Diminutive of Emelian.]
70 ([return])
[ Little summer carriage.]
71 ([return])
[ Fedor Poushkin, a noble of high rank, ancestor of the author, was executed on a charge of treason by Petr' Alexiovitch the Great.]
72 ([return])
[ Leaders of the Russian faction against John Ernest, Duc de Biren, Grand Chamberlain, and favourite of the Tzarina, Anne Ivanofna. Both were executed in a barbarous manner.]
73 ([return])
[ Anna, daughter of Blaize.]
74 ([return])
[ General Romanoff, distinguished in the wars against the Turks, vanquished them at Larga and Kazoul, 1772. He died 1796.]