Elements of Civil Government / A Text-Book for Use in Public Schools, High Schools and Normal Schools and a Manual of Reference for Teachers

by Alexander L. Peterman

INDEX

Absolute monarchy, 159
Academy, naval, 142.
Accused, rights of, 74.
Actions, 171.
Adjutant general, 84, 146.
functions of, 89.
Administrators, 54.
Admiralty courts, 171.
Agriculture, commissioner of, 84, 89.
Alaska, 96.
Aldermen, board of, 61.
Aliens, 105.
Alternate delegates, 194.
Amendments, 199.
Appropriation by State, 67.
Area of counties, 49.
Aristocracy, 159, 160.
Assembly--general or legislative, 177.
Assessor, Authority of, 61.
duties of, 67.
of township, 43, 44.
Attorney, 174.
county, 49.
duties of, 50.
general, 88.
Auditor, township, 45.
Australian ballot-system, 176, 179, 184.
Ballot, 176.
blanket, 180, 181.
box, 176, 177.
forms of, 183.
individual, 180.
in Indiana, 183, 187.
in Louisville, 183, 185.
in Mass., 183, 186.
official, 180, 182.
secret, 179, 182.
voting by, 176.
Bank inspectors, 90.
national, 138.
Bargaining and trading, 183.
Beat, the, 28, 30.
Bill, 197, 199.
of rights, 68, 72.
of attainder, 197, 200.
true, 173.
Blind, voting of the, 182.
Board of aldermen, 61.
of education, 61.
Board of pardons, 86.
of public works, 61.
of supervisors, 50.
Boroughs, 57.
Bribery, 177, 182.
Buildings, county, 49.
Bureau of construction and repair, 142.
of medicine and surgery, 142.
of navigation, 141.
of ordnance, 141.
of supplies and accounts, 142.
of steam engineering, 142.
of yards and docks, 141.
Bureaus of navy department, 141.
of treasury department, 136.
of war department, 140.
By-laws, township, 42.
Cabinet, presidential, 132, 149.
Cadet, 141.
Campaign, 194.
Candidates, 176, 190.
Canvass, 177.
Cases, 171.
Causes, civil, 171.
criminal, 172.
Census, 121.
Challenge, 173.
Chaplain, 123.
Charges, 172.
Chief of engraving and printing, 139.
of bureau of statistics, 138.
of fire department, 62.
of ordnance, 145.
of police, 62.
Children, 22, 23.
rights of, 22.
duties of, 23.
Circuit clerk, 54.
court, 152.
court of appeals, 152.
Citizen, 67-69.
duties of, 17.
naturalization of, 102, 168.
of civil district, 32, 33.
duties of, 33.
rights of, 32.
of township, 38, 40.
duties of, 39, 40.
rights of, 38.
Citizen, rights of, 32, 60.
Citizenship, 38.
City council, 61.
court, 61.
election, 61.
engineer, 61.
government, 60-63.
incorporation, 58.
institution, 59.
judge, 62.
officers, 61, 62.
physician, 62.
solicitor, 61.
wards, 59.
Civil district, 27, 36.
government, 159.
Civil law, 170.
Civil rights, 163, 165.
Civil unit, 28, 30.
Clerks, 57, 174, 176.
chief of Senate, 81.
circuit, 54.
common pleas, 49.
of county, 41, 49, 52, 53.
of township, 43.
Collection of taxes, 45.
Collector of city, 61, 62.
of county, 54.
of township, 45.
of village, 57, 58.
Commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, 130.
Commerce, regulation of, 113, 153.
Commercial law, 171.
Commission plan of city government, 62.
Commissioner, 135.
of agriculture, 84.
county, 50.
court, 173.
of general land office, 144.
of Indian affairs, 145.
of internal revenue, 138.
of labor, 90.
land, 84, 90.
of patents, 145.
of pensions, 144.
railway, 84, 90.
of internal revenue, 138.
school, 49.
street, 61, 62.
township, 44, 49.
Committee, 190.
conference, 200.
county, 191.
district, 191.
executive, 191.
national, 192, 194.
special, 198,
standing, 198.
Common law, 170.
Communal district, 30.
Commutation of sentence, 87.
Comptroller, 87.
in U. S. government, 137.
Comptroller of currency, 138.
Congress, acts of, 65.
forbidden powers, 117.
member of, 111, 112.
power of, 110, 117.
representation in, 95.
Congressional districts, 191.
Constable, district, 33.
duties of, 35.
election and term, 35.
township, 43, 45.
Consuls, 135.
Constitution, 205-218.
amendments to, 107, 215.
formation of, 106.
nature of, 105.
Constitution of European countries, 70.
of State, 69.
necessity for, 106.
ratification of, 99.
value of, 71.
Conventions, 192, 194.
Copyright, 114, 145.
Coroner, 49.
duties of, 53.
inquest, 54.
in township, 46.
Corporation, 166.
municipal, 56.
Corruption, 177.
Council, city, 61, 62.
common, 61.
Councilman, 42, 57.
Counterfeiting, 114.
County, the, 48-55.
area, 49.
attorney, 51.
auditor, 52.
buildings, 49.
clerk, 52.
convention, 193.
court-house, 49.
executive department, 51.
formation, 48.
government, 49.
infirmary, 50.
jail, 49.
judge, 54, 55.
legislative department, 50.
officers, 49.
power, 48,
property, 50.
public affairs, 49.
purposes, 48.
sheriff, 51.
superintendent of schools, 44.
surveyor, 53.
Court-house, 49, 50.
Court, jurisdiction of, 151.
of claims, 153.
officers of, 155,173,174.
supreme, 151,
United States, 149.
of appeals, U.S. circuit, 152.
U.S. district, 153.
Court-martial, 171.
Declaration of Independence, 65.
Deeds, 49, 53.
Defendant, 172.
Democracy, 159, 161.
Department, of agriculture, 146.
of commerce, 147.
county, 40.
executive, of county, 51.
fire, 59.
government, 72.
interior, 144-146.
judicial, 40, 92, 149, 196.
of justice, 146, 147.
of labor, 147.
legislative, of county, 80.
of State, 77.
of territory, 94.
navy, 141, 142.
post office, 142-144.
State, 133.
township, 40, 41.
treasury, 136-139.
war, 139-141.
Despotism, 175.
Diplomatic service, 134.
Direct taxes, 202, 203.
Director infirmary, 54.
of mint, 139.
school, 43, 44.
Disfranchisement, 177.
Disorder, 179.
District-attorney, 155.
District, civil, 27.
clerk, 54.
communal, 30.
election, 29.
magisterial, 29.
marshal, 155.
militia, 29.
reporter, 155.
school, 21, 28.
Duties, 204.
citizen's, 33.
civil, 163.
industrial, 165.
moral, 166.
of children, 22.
of family, 19.
of parents, 23.
political, 167.
Education, board of, 61.
of child, 27.
Election act, 179.
district, 29.
judges of, 42.
of county officers, 50.
of justices, 93.
precinct, 29, 30.
presidential, 126, 127.
returns, 87.
Electoral college, 127.
vote, 128.
Electors, choice of, 115.
Electric light, 59.
Enabling act, 65.
Engineer, city, 61.
chief, 140.
county, 53.
ordnance, 140.
State, 90.
Enrolled bills, 200.
Envoys extraordinary, 134.
Examiner of state, 90.
Examining trial, 34.
Exercise, 204.
Executive department, of county, 49.
of State, 84.
of territory, 94.
of United States, 125-148.
function of civil district, 31.
Expenditure in county, 52.
Family, 17-20.
definition of, 18.
duties of members of, 19.
officers, 19.
members of, 18.
powers of officers, 19.
purposes of, 18.
responsibilities, 19.
rights of members, 19.
Federal reserve banks, 138.
Federal trade commission, 148.
Fence-viewers, 45.
Finance, 60.
Fire department, chief of, 62.
Freedom of assembly, 73.
of conscience, 73.
of press, 73.
Gas-works, 59.
General assembly, 77.
General, adjutant, 84, 140.
attorney, 88,
commissary, 140.
inspector, 140.
quartermaster, 140.
surgeon, 140.
surveyor, 140.
Government, 157-162.
departments, 77.
duties toward, 69.
economy of, 61.
functions, 58, 59.
national, 98, 99.
origin of, 157, 158.
purposes of, 100.
school, 23-26.
State, 77.
Territory, 96.
varieties, 17, 159.
Governor of State, 85.
of Territory, 94,
powers and duties, 85, 86.
Grand jurors, 172, 177.
Guardians, appointment of, 54.
Habeas corpus, 117.
Hereditary monarchy, 160.
House of congress, 110.
of delegates, 78.
of representatives, 81, 121, 122.
Hundred, the, 28, 30.
Immigration commission, 90.
Impeachment, 82.
Inauguration, presidential, 128.
Income tax, 203.
Indiana ballot, 184, 187.
Indian Territory, 96.
Indictment, 172, 173.
Industrial rights, 165.
Initiative, 82.
Inquest, coroner's, 54.
Inspector-general, 140.
of bank, 90.
Instruction, superintendent of, 89.
Insurance commissioners, 84, 89.
Interior department, 144.
Internal revenue, 204.
International law, 170.
Interstate commerce, 113, 148, 153.
Intimidation, 179.
Jail, county, 49.
Jailer, 54.
Journal of house, 78.
Judge, 171-173, 176.
advocate-general, 140.
appointment of, 93.
county, 49, 50.
district, 94.
probate, 49, 55.
supreme court, 92.
surrogate, 49,
Judicial department of State, 191.
of U.S., 149.
district, 191.
Judiciary, functions of, 92.
Jurisdiction of courts, 149.
of supreme court, 151.
jurors, 173.
in township, 42.
Jury, 122, 123.
Justice, 163-168
of county, 50.
of peace, 33, 34.
precinct, 30.
of township, 45, 46.
Labor commissioner, 90.
Labor department, 147.
Land commissioner, 84, 90.
Law and liberty, 169-174.
Law, enactment of, 79, 197.
execution of, 84.
ex post facto, 118.
forbidden, 74.
indexing, 87.
making, 77.
of nations, 170.
of Territory, 95.
Legislation, 197-200.
in county, 54.
Legislative department of county, 49, 50.
power of presiding, 131.
State, 77.
Territory, 94.
Legislative department of township, 41.
of county, 50.
of school, 24.
of State, 77.
of U.S., 110.
Legislature, 77.
Letters of marque, 114.
Liberty, 169.
Librarian, State, 90.
Territory, 94.
Licenses, 53, 54.
Lieutenant-governor, 78, 84, 87.
Magisterial district, 29.
Marshal of village, 52.
Martial law, 171.
Massachusetts ballot, 183, 186.
Mayor, 57, 61.
Members of congress, 111.
of family, 19.
of school district, 22.
Ministers, 134, 135.
Ministerial officers, 35, 45, 174.
Militia, 115.
district, 29, 30.
Military academy, 145.
government, 159.
Mint, 138.
Monarchy, 159.
Money, coining of, 114.
Moral law, 170.
rights and duties, 166, 167.
Mortgages, 49, 53.
Municipal corporations, 56, 63.
National banks, 138.
National committees, 191.
convention, 191, 193, 194.
government, 98, 99.
legislation, 189.
Naturalization, 102.
Naval academy, 142.
New Jersey ballot, 184.
Nominations, 194, 195.
Officers, appointment of, 84.
city, 61.
civil district, 33.
election, 54.
election of, 176.
house of representatives, 81.
interior, 123.
ministerial, 35.
of family, 19, 20.
powers of, 19.
post-office, 143, 144.
school, 24.
of senate, 81.
Officers of Territory, 94.
township, 41.
treasury, 136.
of United States Court, 155, 156.
Official ballots, 184.
Oklahoma, 96.
Oligarchy, 160.
Oral instruction, 57.
Ordinances, 42.
Organization act, 94.
Overseers, 54.
Papers, 49.
Pardons, 131.
Parents, rights and duties of, 33
Parish, 48.
Parliamentary law, 171.
Parties, 189-196.
Party committees, 190, 191.
conventions, 190, 191.
machinery, 189, 191.
Passports, 133.
Patents, 144, 145.
Patriarchy, 160.
Patronage of president, 132.
Paymaster, 140.
Penalties, 177.
Pensions, 144.
Personal property, 203.
Petit jury, 172.
Piracy, 114.
Plaintiff, 172.
Plantations, 30.
Platforms, 126, 194.
Police, chief, 62.
court, 61.
Political conventions, 192.
parties, 189.
Polling list, 176.
place, 176, 177, 180.
in district, 31.
Poll-tax, 39, 44, 203.
Poor, support of, 54.
Postmaster, 123.
Post office, 114.
bureau, 143.
department, 142.
Popular vote, 128.
Porto Rico, 97.
Pound keeper, 45.
Powers of State, 79.
Precinct election, 29, 30.
justice's, 30.
President, 125, 129, 130, 190, 193.
cabinet of, 132.
powers of, 108.
Presidential election, 189.
Press, freedom of, 72.
Primary elections, 195.
Privateers, 115.
Private property, 72.
Private tax, 203.
Privilege of State, 78.
Probate judge, 54, 55.
Proceedings, legal, 174.
Property tax, 203.
Quartermaster-general, 140.
Railway commissioners, 90.
Real estate tax, 203.
Recall, 63.
Recorder, 58.
county, 53.
Referendum, 82.
Register, county, 53.
of land office, 84, 90.
Representative democracy, 161.
districts, 191.
duties, 78.
house of, 81.
Reprieves, 86, 131.
Reprisal, 114.
Republic, 161, 163.
Republican principles, 72.
Residence, official, of president, 128.
Revenue and taxation, 201, 204.
collection of, 52, 88, 136.
Rights, 163, 171.
natural, 27.
of accused, 74.
of eminent domain, 166.
of private property, 164.
political, 175.
School, 21, 26.
appointment of officers, 34.
children, 22, 23.
definition and purpose of, 21.
directors, 43, 44, 51.
district, 28.
formation of, 21.
functions of, 22.
government, 23, 27.
members, 22.
position of, 28.
power of teacher of, 25.
rights of, 22.
teacher, 25.
Secret ballot, 179.
Secretary of state, 87.
of territory, 94.
of treasury, 136.
Security, personal, 72.
Selectmen, 42.
Senate, 81, 119.
Senator, 110.
Senatorial districts, 191.
Sessions of congress, 131.
Sheriff, 49, 174, 177.
Shire town, 49.
Society, 158, 165, 166.
Social rights, 165, 166.
Solicitor, 158, 166, 167.
city, 61.
general, 146.
of treasury, 139.
Speaker, 81, 82.
Speech, freedom of, 157.
State, 64-97.
administration of, 116.
engineer, 70.
State examiner, 90.
librarian, 90.
officers, 84.
secretary of, 87.
subdivisions of, 48.
teachers' institute, 89.
Statistics, commissioner of, 90.
Statute law, 170.
Suffrage and elections, 175-178.
rights of, 39.
Suits, 171, 174.
civil, 54.
Superintendent of banking, 90.
of coast survey, 138.
Superintendent of elections, 51.
of poor, 54.
of public instruction, 89.
Supervisor, 43, 44.
Supreme court, 92, 150.
Surveyor, 33,
general, 90.
county, 49, 53.
Tariff, 204.
Taxation, 79, 201, 202.
Taxes, 52, 53, 202, 203.
collection of, 35, 43, 45.
income, 203.
indirect, 202.
Teachers, 25, 26.
duties of, 25.
powers of, 25, 26.
Territory, 65, 94, 95, 96.
Theocracy, 160.
Tipstaff, 174.
Town (see Township), 39, 30, 37-47.
meetings, 41.
Township, or town, 37-47.
assessor, 43, 44.
citizens of, 38.
clerk, 43.
collector, 45.
commissioner, 44.
constable, 43, 45.
councilmen, 42.
governmental functions of, 37.
Township, purposes, 38.
selectmen, 42.
supervisor, 43, 44.
treasurer, 43.
Treason, 86.
Treasurer, city, 61.
Treasurer, county, 52.
township, 43.
village, 57, 58.
Treasury department, 136-139.
Treaties, 120, 131.
Trials, 171, 172.
by jury, 173.
Trustees, 57.
of township, 42.
duties of, 42.
Unit, the civil, 28-31.
United States, 98-156.
circuit courts, 152.
circuit court of appeals, 152.
district court, 153.
formation of, 99.
jurisdiction of courts, 149.
supreme court, 150.
Veto, 86.
Vice-president, 125, 190, 193, 194.
Village, 56, 57.
Voters, 29, 32, 33, 39, 60, 67, 68, 175, 182.
Voting, 175, 176, 181, 183.
War, declaration of, 114.
Ward convention, 195.
Warrants, 34, 45.
Water works, 59, 60.
Wills, 49, 53, 54.
Works, electric, 59.
gas, 59.
public, 57, 59, 60.
water, 57.
Writs, serving of, 35.