The Englishman in China During the Victorian Era, Vol. 2 (of 2) / As Illustrated in the Career of Sir Rutherford Alcock, K.C.B., D.C.L., Many Years Consul and Minister in China and Japan

by Alexander Michie

INDEX.

---

• Adkins, Mr, reports foreign atrocities, i. [302], [303]; in charge of Peking legations, i. [355]; intimate with Hangki, ii. [140]; on mixed commission regarding redress of commercial grievances, ii. [212]; interview with Li, ii. [244], [245].
• Alabaster, Sir Challoner, ii. [206], [359].
• Alcock, John Rutherford—
  • Chronological sequence of career—
    • Birth and early years, i. [1], [2]; medical education, i. [2]-[4]; visit to Paris, i. [2]; medical work, i.8; campaign in Portugal, i. [14]-[20]; campaign in Spain, i. [21], [22]; publications on surgery, i. [23], [24]; appointed Inspector of Anatomy, i. [25]; marriage, i. [26]; paralysis of hands, i. [27]; appointed consul at Foochow, i. [29], [116]; residence at Amoy, i. [116], [117]; at Foochow, i. [117]-[122]; Consular Reports (1845-46), i. [123]; appointed to Shanghai, i. [126]; Tsingpu affair, i. [129]-[133]; Taiping occupation of Shanghai, i. [138], [141]; custom-house plans, i. [148], [151]-[154]; promoted to Canton consulate, i. [156]; death of his wife, i. [158]; literary work, i. [159]; first furlough, i. [159]; Memorandum requested by Foreign Office, i. [332]; appointed Consul-General in Japan and granted title of Plenipotentiary, ii. [14]; arrival in Yedo, ii. [15]-[17]; journey up the Inland Sea, ii. [36], [42]; expedition to Fujiyama, ii. [41], [42]; leaves Yedo on furlough (1862), ii. [50]; made K.C.B., ii. [70]; completes 'The Capital of the Tycoon,' ii. [70]; made D.C.L. of Oxford University (1863), ii. [484] note; returns to Yedo, ii. [70]; second marriage, ii. [73]; recalled by Earl Russell, ii. [87], [88]; leaves Japan, ii. [91]; publishes 'Art and Art Industries of Japan,' ii. [102]; publishes Japanese Grammar, ii. [103]; appointed minister to China, ii. [130]; efforts against coolie trade, ii. [168], [171], [172]; favours Burlingame mission, ii. [194], [195]; departure for Europe, ii. [218]; criticisms of Far Eastern events, ii. [476], [477]; work for Westminster Hospital, ii. [478]-[480]; various public and charitable works, ii. [480], [481], [483]; receives Jubilee medal from the Queen, ii. [483]; work regarding colonisation in Borneo, ii. [485]-[488]; illness and death, ii. [488], [489].
  • Personal characteristics—
    • Aggressiveness, ii. [482].
    • Alertness, ii. [16], [100].
    • Appearance, i. [117].
    • Appreciative faculty, ii. [139].
    • Art, love of, i. [2], [4], ii. [101].
    • Common-sense, i. [27].
    • Courage and nerve, i. [15]-[17], [27], ii. [100], [126].
    • Courtesy, ii. [484].
    • Duty, devotion to, i. [15], [18], [157], ii. [16], [101], [138], [482].
    • Energy, i. [26], [116], ii. [16], [482], [484].
    • Enthusiasm, i. [27].
    • Formality, ii. [139].
    • Geniality to intimates, ii. [139].
    • Grasp of fundamentals and breadth of view, i. [116], [122], [143], [162], [166], [204].
    • Hospitality, ii. [139].
    • Industry, ii. [139].
    • Judgment and farsightedness, i. [18], [163], ii. [484].
    • Kindness and sympathy, ii. [482].
    • Loyalty, ii. [138].
    • Lucidity of style, i. [26], [166].
    • Practical philosophy, i. [161].
    • Reserve, i. [158], ii. [121].
    • Resolution, ii. [101].
    • Responsibility, fearlessness of, i. [20], [166], [437], ii. [16], [489].
    • Thoroughness and earnestness of purpose, i. [18], [27], ii. [16], [181], [361], [481].
• Alcock, Lady, marriage of, ii. [73]; death of, ii. [489].
• [Alcock, Mrs] (née Bacon), marriage of, i. [26]; arrival in Foochow, i. [120]; death of, i. [158].
• [America], Americans (see also [Powers])—
  • British support advantageous to, i. [437].
  • Burlingame mission to, ii. [192], [193], [196], [197].
  • Chinese trade with, i. [168], [177]; Chinese traders in, i. [270]; "dummy" Chinaman evolved by, i. [338], [339]; action against Chinese emigration, ii. [174]; Chinese youths educated in, ii. [394], [395].
  • Custom-house co-operation omitted in treaty of, i. [146]; customs not levied by, at Shanghai in Taiping rebellion, i. [149].
  • Disputes of French and British with (1849), i. [435].
  • Foochow developed by, i. [121], [122], [241].
  • Japan, naval demonstration off, ii. [2]; Mr Harris's treaty, ii. [3], [5], [39], [99]; Minister remains in Yedo during assassination period, ii. [36]; Japanese mission to, ii. [47]; artillery officers declined by Japanese, ii. [110].
  • Korean expedition from, ii. [178], [179].
  • Li's visit to, ii. [387].
  • Missionaries from, in Yangtze expedition, i. [370].
  • Non-aggressive policy of, ii. [468].
  • Opium included in Tientsin treaty at instance of, i. [342].
  • Shipping industry in, i. [224], [228]-[230].
  • Silk industry of, i. [191].
  • Taiping rebellion, joint action with British at Shanghai during, i. [138].
  • Tientsin Conference attended by (1854), i. [311]; at Tientsin later with Lord Elgin, i. [331].
  • Toleration clause in treaty of, ii. [224].
• Amoy—
  • Alcock's residence at, i. [116], [117].
  • Opening of, i. [115].
  • 'Times' pronouncement against, i. [114].
• Amur, the, Russian acquisitions on, ii. [252], [422].
• Anatomy Act, Alcock appointed Inspector under, i. [25], [26].
• Anderson, Dr John, cited, ii. [267].
• Annam, French conquest of, ii. [253], [324], [325].
• A'Pak, exploit of, against lorchas, i. [304], [305].
• Arbuthnot, G., on Japanese currency, ii. [19], [22], [23].
• Arrow, crew of, seized by Chinese, i. [309]; Lord Elgin's view of incident, i. [323], [324].
• Atami, Springs of, Alcock's visit to, ii. [32], [42].
• 'Attaché at Peking, The,' cited, ii. [444] note.
• Australia, attitude of, towards Chinese emigrants, ii. [174].
• Austria, envoy from, received in audience at Peking, ii. [320], [321].
• Baber, Colborne, ii. [150], [272], [359].
• Bacon, Miss. See [Alcock, Mrs.]
• Baldwin, Major, assassination of, ii. [91].
• Balfour, the Right Hon. A. J., speech of, regarding Russian ports, ii. [425], [430], [432].
• Balfour, Captain George, i. [124], [128].
• Bernard, W. D., cited, i. [63].
• Biegeleben, M., ii. [320], [321].
• Bird, Lieutenant, assassination of, ii. [91].
• Birileff, Count, at Tsushima, ii. [111]-[114].
• Blakiston, Captain, cited, i. [370].
• Bonham, Sir George, succeeds Sir J. Davis at Hongkong, i. [131]; rebuffed by Seu, i. [165]; applies to Alcock for information, i. [166]; asked to defend Nanking against Taipings, i. [312]; Alcock's despatch to (1852), i. [428]-[432].
• Borneo, Alcock's interest in British development of, ii. [485]-[488].
• Bowring, Sir John, demands right of entry into Canton, i. [160]; Russian despatches brought to, i. [233]; plenipotentiary at Hongkong, i. [309]; dealings with Yeh, i. [310], [313], [314]; visit to Tientsin, i. [311]; protects factories at Canton, i. [312]; influenced towards strong measures, i. [315]; policy of, i. [319], [323] note; superseded, i. [319], [320].
• Boxers, ii. [462], [463].
• Bright, the Right Hon. John, confidence of, in Sir R. Hart, ii. [164]-[166]; attitude of, towards China trade, ii. [365], [366].
• Brodie, Sir Benjamin, i. [25].
• Brown, J. McLeavy, ii. [194].
• Brown, Major-General, i. [385], [386], [392].
• Browne, Colonel Horace, ii. [266], [267].
• Bruce, the Hon. Frederick—Tientsin treaty brought home by, i. [335]; repulsed at Taku forts, i. [348]; British minister at Peking, i. [355]; prohibits Englishmen from visiting Peking, i. [363]; adopts determined attitude, i. [367]; refuses to defend Ningpo, i. [377]; Gordon's interview with, i. [383]; supports Burgevine's cause, i. [384], [385]; implicated in the Lay-Osborn flotilla failure, i. [389], [390]; applauds Gordon's resentment against Li, i. [392]; policy and diplomacy, i. [401]-[404], [407]; correspondence with Prince Kung, i. [404]-[406], [409]; confuses legal authority of himself and Supreme Court, ii. [124], [125]; succeeded by Alcock, ii. [130]; anecdote of his housekeeper, ii. [152]; relations with Inspector-General of Customs in Peking, ii. [156], [159], [160].
• Burgevine, General, i. [382], [384]-[387].
• Burlingame, the Hon. Anson, mission of, as Chinese envoy, ii. [192]-[198]; Alcock's approval of the mission, ii. [194], [195]; Alcock's subsequent view, ii. [217]; British Government influenced by mission, ii. [208], [209]; negotiates American treaty giving full privileges to Chinese immigrants, ii. [174]; asserts Chinese welcome to missionaries, ii. [232].
• Burma— Browne, Colonel H., expedition under, ii. [266], [267]. King of, ii. [269].
• Campbell, Duncan, ii. [333].
• Canton—
  • Alcock promoted to consulate of, i. [156].
  • Arrogant hostility and excesses of population, i. [72], [92], [95]-[99], [107], [274], [415], [419].
  • Arrow incident, i. [309], [323], [324].
  • Blockade of river (1839), i. [61], [63].
  • Commerce carried on during hostilities, i. [68], [69], ii. [158].
  • Conditions of life in, in early days, i. [33], [34], [46].
  • D'Aguilar's destruction of river defences, i. [102], [103].
  • Davies, Sir John, policy of, i. [94], [99]-[104], [106]-[108].
  • Entry, right of, refused, i. [98], [107], [114], [160], [165], [310], [333], [338].
  • Factories attacked (1846), i. [99]; burned (1856), i. [317]. Foochow sensitive to disturbances in, i. [119], [314].
  • French attack feared, ii. [326]-[328].
  • Merchants in, imprisoned, i. [53], [55]; views of, disparaged, i. [254]; characteristics of, i. [255]; influence of, i. [315]; friction between Sir J. Davis and, ii. [119].
  • "Merchants' War," i. [316] seq.
  • Naval construction attempted at, ii. [396].
  • Occupation of, by Allied troops, i. [328], [342]-[345]; Kowloon concession obtained during occupation, i. [286]; evacuated by Allies, i. [396].
  • Portuguese relief of, in sixteenth century, i. [259]; Portuguese crews slaughtered by Cantonese, i. [304], [305].
  • Revolutionary conspiracies in neighbourhood of, ii. [456].
  • Shameen site acquired, i. [330].
  • Smuggling insignificant at, i. [144], [145].
  • Taipings at, i. [312].
  • War of 1839-42—blockade of river, i. [63]; destruction of Bogue forts and junks, i. [66]; forts restored, i. [67]; recaptured, i. [68]; fire-raft attempts, i. [71]; British attack stopped by Elliot, i. [71]; ransom taken for the city, i. [72], [91]; departure of British troops, i. [72]; evil effects of ransoming, i. [108].
  • [War of 1857] ("The Merchants' War"), i. [316] seq.
  • Weddell's bombardment of (1655), i. [292].
  • 'Capital of the Tycoon, The,' passages quoted from, ii. [10], [15], [31], [32], [71]-[73]; independent judiciary advocated in, ii. [126].
• Ceylon, growth of tea trade with, i. [184], [185].
• Challenger, i. [235]-[238].
• Chamberlain, Basil Hall, quoted, ii. [96] note.
• Chang Chih-tung, rudeness of, regarding the Czarevitch, ii. [322], [323]; characteristics and policy of, ii. [380], [381].
• Chang Yi, ii. [317].
• Chantrey, Sir F. L., Alcock's studies under, i. [2].
• Chefoo—
  • Convention of. See under [Treaties].
  • Czarevitch to be received at, ii. [322].
  • Early exploration of, i. [221], [222].
• Chêkiang, Taiping campaign in, i. [380], [394].
• Chesney, Colonel, i. [99], [100].
• China (for particular persons, towns, &c., see their titles)—
  • Admiralty board, ii. [317], [318], [392], [393].
  • Army—
    • Abuses in, ii. [398].
    • Arms, diversity of, ii. [391], [393], [399].
    • Discipline lax, i. [137].
    • Honour, military, non-existent in, i. [140].
    • Li's efforts for, ii. [188], [190], [391], [397].
  • Black Flags, ii. [325].
  • Boxers, ii. [462], [463].
  • Chose jugée, instance of, ii. [280].
  • [Commerce]. See that title.
  • Commercial community in Britain keenly alive to affairs in, i. [87].
  • Consuls. See below under [Foreigners].
  • Coolie trade, i. [295], ii. [168]-[174].
  • Corruption and laxity inherent in government of, i. [155], [192].
  • Court—
    • Audience, right of, approved by Li, ii. [186]; granted by Emperor Tungchih (1873), ii. [260], [261]; by Kwanghsu (1891), ii. [318]-[320].
    • Chinese, not Manchu, influence predominant at, i. [84].
    • Dynastic arrangements of the Empress-Dowager, ii. [264], [313], [455] and note, [456].
    • Flight of, i. [354], ii. [436]; proposed removal during Japanese War, ii. [474] note.
  • [Custom-house]. See below under [Taxation].
  • Decentralisation the principle of government, i. [388], [402], [407], [408].
  • Drift, policy of, ii. [324].
  • Emigration, ii. [168], [169], [171]-[174].
  • "Ever Victorious Army," campaign of, i. [382]-[387];
  • disbandment of, i. [393].
  • Exhibition of 1851, represented at, i. [200]-[202], ii. [101], [102].
  • [Foreigners]—
    • Aims of, i. [368].
    • Assistance from, distrusted, i. [387]; made use of, ii. [385], [386]; faithfully rendered, ii. [393], [394].
    • Conciliatory and subservient attitude of British, i. [35]-[41], [56], [118], [253], [415]; of Portuguese, i. [287].
    • Confidence between native merchants and, i. [48].
    • Consistent attitude of, desirable, i. [340], ii. [222].
    • Consular Courts, drawbacks of, ii. [125], [126], [354], [356], [357].
    • Consular officials, peculiar responsibilities of, i. [30], [79], [85], [92] note, [128], [130], ii. [353], [354], [360]; numbers and qualifications of, ii. [358], [359].
    • Degradation and indignities imposed upon, i. [33], [35]-[40], [55]-[58], [60], [118], [163], [411], [415].
    • Force, policy of, the condition of security for, i. [39], [40], [61], [80], [90], [106], [119], [426], [437]-[439], ii. [221], [222].
    • Hatred and contempt for, i. [313], [419], ii. [29], [440], [441], [443]-[446], [461], [463], [464].
    • Ignorance of Chinese prevalent among, i. [338], [339], [361], [362], [398].
    • Immunity for wrongs against, i. [436], [440], [441].
    • Inland residence, Alcock's view of, ii. [450], [451].
    • Legation, British. See [Great Britain—Peking].
    • Legations, diplomatic difficulties of, i. [398]-[401]; relieved by military force, ii. [437].
    • Life-and-death jurisdiction over, claimed by government, i. [57].
    • Negotiation with, Chinese view of, ii. [274] note, [437].
    • Pioneers, general character of, i. [31]-[33].
    • Policy adopted towards—"rule by misrule," i. [35], [403]; perfidy and denial of human rights, i. [36], [78]-[80], [84], [85], [90], [342]; resistance and ejection, [38], [111], [311], [331], [366], [367], ii. [437]; degradation in the eyes of the people, i. [163], [411]; "refractory subjects" treatment, i. [313].
    • Proclamations and placards against, i. [56], [58], [65], [70], [96], [314], [317], [342], [360], [435], ii. [236], [242].
    • Supreme Court for China and Japan, ii. [355]-[358].
  • Fortifications, ii. [397].
  • Futai, position of, i. [381].
  • Helplessness and paradoxical position of, ii. [418], [421], [422], [433], [452].
  • Hong merchants, i. [40] note.
  • Hoppo, position of, i. [44], [45].
  • Illegality of administration in, i. [43].
  • International ethics of, i. [86].
  • [Japanese War] (1894), Li's responsibilities regarding, ii. [386], [387]; no reasonable cause for, ii. [410]; deprecated by Russia, ii. [411]; sinking of the Kowshing, ii. [410], [411]; bombardment of Têngchow, i. [220]; China's defeat, ii. [411]-[413]; universal applause, ii. [413], [414]; indemnity exacted, ii. [415]; indemnity supplied by Russian loan, ii. [421]; results of the war, ii. [447]; proposed removal of Chinese Court during, ii. [474] note.
  • [Junks]—
    • Build and appearance of, i. [246], [247].
    • Chinese authorities' control of, i. [113], [275], [308].
    • Coasting trade conducted by, in China and Japan, i. [246].
    • Convoy system, i. [302]-[304].
    • Grain fleet blockaded at Shanghai (1845), i. [131]-[133];
    • blockaded by French in Tongking quarrel, ii. [332].
    • "Shantung junks," i. [220].
    • Value of trade by, at Foochow, i. [209].
  • Korea, relations with. See [Korea].
  • [Lorchas], tonnage of, i. [247]; atrocities connected with, i. [304], [305]; colonial registers granted to, i. [305], [309].
  • Maritime Customs. See below under [Taxation—Custom-house].
  • [Missionaries]. See that title.
  • Moral force the sanction of rule, ii. [370] and note, [385].
  • Navy—
    • Beginnings of, ii. [396].
    • Board of Admiralty, ii. [317], [318], [392], [393].
    • British instruction in, ii. [395].
    • Li's efforts for, ii. [391], [396].
    • Nepotism in, ii. [398]-[400].
    • Organisation lacking in, ii. [401], [412], [413].
    • Peiyang Squadron, ii. [395], [400].
    • Tradition, unhampered by, ii. [398].
  • Nepotism in, ii. [398]-[400].
  • [Opium trade]. See that title.
  • Passports, two forms of, ii. [267].
  • [Piracy]. See that title.
  • Populace, excesses of, connived at by Government, i. [95], [97], [98], [364]; coerced by Government, i. [108], [109]; feared by Government, i. [109], [424]; direct diplomatic negotiations with, i. [109]-[111].
  • "Progress," no word for, ii. [136].
  • Provincial officials, smuggling undertaken by, i. [44], [45]; power of, ii. [184], [372]; responsibility of, ii. [441], [442].
  • Punishments, difficulties of ensuring, i. [426], [427]; not inflicted for wrongs against foreigners, i. [436], [440], [441].
  • Real estate, importance of, i. [176], [177], [434]; missionary problem complicated by question of, ii. [234], [235].
  • Rhubarb exported from, i. [168].
  • Salt trade, i. [210], [439]-[442], ii. [188].
  • [Smuggling]. See that title.
  • Supreme Court, award given against Alcock by, ii. [124]; independence of, ii. [354]; removal of, to Shanghai, ii. [355]; subordinated to British legation, ii. [358].
  • [Taiping] Rebellion—
    • Burgevine's defection to rebels, i. [386].
    • Canton, at, Yeh asks British aid against, i. [312].
    • Chêkiang campaign against, i. [380], [394].
    • Commerce continued during, i. [148].
    • Devastation caused by, i. [375], [377], [378], [350], [381], [394], ii. [449].
    • End of, i. [394].
    • Foreign desperadoes attacked by, i. [303].
    • Imperial measures against, i. [381]; view of, i. [395], [396].
    • Magnitude of, i. [135].
    • Maritime Customs the important outcome of, i. [142].
    • Nanking, capture of, i. [136].
    • Ningpo, capture of, i. [376], [377].
    • Russian attitude towards, i. [394], [395].
    • Shanghai captured, i. [136]; besieged by Imperial troops, i. [137]; collision between foreigners and troops, i. [137], [138]; French bombardment of city, i. [139]; rebel refugees in, i. [141], [142]; departure of rebels from, i. [156].
    • Yangtze, rebel strongholds and operations on the, i. [369], [371]-[375].
  • Taotai, status of, i. [129].
  • [Taxation]—
    • Custom-house—
      • Chefoo Convention provisions of, ii. [277], [278], [280], [281], [286], [287].
      • Hongkong, station at, desired by Chinese, i. [276]; refused, ii. [216]; established, i. [276], ii. [288].
      • Korea, established in, ii. [295].
      • Macao, established at, ii. [288].
      • Maritime Customs Inspector, position and work of, in Peking, ii. [156]-[160], [162]-[167].
      • Revision of treaty made an affair of, ii. [213], [216], [217].
      • Shanghai, at, unsatisfactory conditions of, i. [145]-[147], [435], [436]; customs collected by consuls, i. [148]; promissory notes cancelled by British Government, i. [148], [155]; American exemption, i. [149]; re-establishment of custom-house, i. [151]; period of free trade, i. [152]; Alcock's scheme of mixed control, i. [152]-[154].
    • Inland, proposed commutation of, ii. [214]-[216], [218]; commutation provided by treaty (1869), ii. [219], [220]; area of, increased by Chefoo Convention, ii. [277], [278], [280], [281].
    • [Likin] taxes, German minister's view of, ii. [218]; nature of, ii. [280] note; grievance of, ii. [285].
    • Native trade, on, i. [210].
  • Tributaries, position towards, ii. [258].
  • [Tsungli]-Yamên—
    • Audience difficulties raised by, ii. [319], [320].
    • Ch'ing, Prince, a member of, ii. [154], [313].
    • Circular addressed to Provincial Governors by, ii. [182], [183].
    • Creation of, i. [360].
    • Etiquette, codification of, suggested for, ii. [279].
    • Formosa riots, action regarding, ii. [205].
    • Function of, i. [399].
    • Gordon's representations to, ii. [292].
    • Helplessness of, ii. [419].
    • Ito's attempt to negotiate with, ii. [302].
    • Korean expedition urged by, ii. [408].
    • Kung, Prince, a member of, i. [360]; dismissed by Empress, ii. [312].
    • Margary murder, action regarding, ii. [267].
    • Maritime Customs Inspector, attitude towards, ii. [160].
    • Mixed commission regarding redress of commercial grievances, represented on, ii. [211].
    • Yangchow affair, action in, ii. [202].
  • War with Great Britain (1839-1842). See under [Canton]; with Great Britain (1857), i. [316] seq.; with Great Britain and France (1860), i. [349]-[354]; with Japan (1894). See above [Japanese War];
  • Women, position of, ii. [140], [141].
• Chinese—
  • Appearances valued by, i. [192].
  • Commercial aptitude and honesty of, i. [33], [34], [263]-[270], ii. [28].
  • Industry of, i. [284].
  • Japanese contrasted with, ii. [8], [27]-[29], [130], [131], [259].
  • Kindliness of, i. [289], ii. [155].
  • Manchus contrasted with, i. [80], [81], [83], [84].
  • Toleration of, ii. [228], [233].
  • War customs of, i. [352].
• Ch'ing, Prince, anecdote of, ii. [153], [154]; efficiency of, as president of Tsungli-Yamên, ii. [313].
• Chinnery, George, i. [298].
• Choshiu. See [Nagato, Prince of].
• Christianity (see also [Missionaries]), toleration clause for, in Tientsin treaty, i. [332]; Chinese view of, ii. [349].
• [Ch'un], Prince, son of, adopted as Emperor by Empress-mother, ii. [262]; made Empress's coadjutor, ii. [264], [313]; voyage of, ii. [316], [317]; illness and death of, ii. [318]; memorial regarding Vatican mission submitted to, ii. [344].
• Chunghou, Tientsin massacre foreseen by, ii. [239]; mission to France, ii. [241]; to Russia, ii. [291]; establishes arsenal at Tientsin, ii. [392].
• Chungking, residence in, opposed, ii. [278]; persecutions of Christians in, ii. [351].
• Chusan, capture and occupation of, i. [64]; reoccupied, i. [75]; retained till 1846, i. [91]; restored, i. [99]; contrasted with Hongkong, i. [273].
• Clarendon, Lord, Mr Burlingame's success with, ii. [197], [198], [208], [209]; reprimands Mr Medhurst, ii. [207], [208]; trusted by Lord Palmerston, ii. [365].
• Cochin China, French conquests in, ii. [253], [324].
• [Commerce]—
  • China, in—
    • Alcock's despatch on trade between Europe, India, and China, i. [204]-[206]; his investigations prior to revision of treaty, ii. [181].
    • Aptitude of Chinese for, i. [33], [34], [263]-[270], ii. [28].
    • Arbitrary interference of Chinese Government with, i. [35].
    • Balance of trade against China, i. [42], [171].
    • British treaty the model for others, ii. [6].
    • Chefoo Convention, internal taxation area increased by, ii. [277], [278], [280], [281].
    • Chinese language essential to commercial agents, i. [253].
    • Code of law, establishment of, suggested, ii. [279].
    • Co-hong system, i. [40] note, [266].
    • Compradoric system, i. [266], [267].
    • Confidence between Chinese and foreigners, i. [48].
    • Drawbacks to, i. [169], [170].
    • Imports and exports, nature of, i. [168]; present value of, i. [171] note; shipments from United Kingdom in various years, i. [203].
    • Intercourse of British and Americans with China caused by, i. [167].
    • Losses in early days, i. [172]-[175].
    • Merchants in Britain, Chinese affairs closely followed by (1839-40), i. [87]-[89]; merchants in China, aims and work of, i. [248]-[253]; complaints of, i. [253], [254], ii. [119]; influence of, i. [254], [315]; characteristics of, i. [255]-[263]; representations of, to Lord Elgin, i. [322].
    • "Merchants' War," i. [316] seq.
    • Mixed Commission regarding redress of grievances, ii. [211], [212].
    • Native trade, i. [207]-[210].
    • Peking, in, ii. [148], [149].
    • Pioneer expeditions (1859), i. [220].
    • Ports overcrowded with goods, i. [224]; number open in 1861, i. [402].
    • Precarious position of, i. [35], [412], [413], [419].
    • Real estate a valuable asset, i. [176], [177].
    • Shipments from United Kingdom in various years, values of, i. [203].
    • Simplicity of, i. [168].
    • Transit of goods, ii. [214]-[216], [218]-[220].
    • Value of, in 1839, i. [87].
    • War no bar to, i. [68], [69], [148], ii. [158].
    • Gold discoveries a stimulus to, i. [227].
  • Japan, in—
    • Development of, ii. [116]-[118].
    • Merchants, preference of, for Yokohama to Kanagawa, ii. [17], [18], [123]; regret of, at Alcock's recall, ii. [89]; interests of, at variance with diplomatic, ii. [119]-[124], [126].
    • Methods of, ii. [27], [28].
    • Profits of, in early days, ii. [20] note, [29].
    • Value of, annually, ii. [117] note.
  • [Opium], [Silk], [Tea]. See those titles.
  • Straits, with, suggested by Alcock, i. [208].
• Comprador, position of, i. [266], [267].
• Confucianism, i. [229].
• Consular Court system, drawbacks of, ii. [125], [126], [354], [356], [357].
• Cooke, Wingrove, quoted, i. [252], [253], [300], [303]-[305], [339]; cited, i. [317], [322], [323] and note, [325].
• Coolie trade, i. [295], ii. [168]-[174].
• Cooper, W. M., on coolie trade, ii. [170].
• Cowell, George, appreciation of Alcock, ii. [479], [480].
• Curzon, the Hon. George, speech regarding Russian pledge concerning Korea, ii. [424], [430].
• Czarevitch, visit of, to China and Japan, ii. [321]-[323].
• [Daimios]. See under Japan.
• Davis, Sir John, Manchus and Chinese contrasted by, i. [80], [81]; policy of, in Canton, i. [94], [99]-[104], [106]-[108]; diplomatic negotiations with the populace, i. [109]-[111]; succeeds Sir H. Pottinger, i. [116]; policy regarding Foochow, i. [119]; Canton merchants' complaints against, ii. [119]; decision of, reversed by Supreme Court, ii. [124].
• De Mas, M., anecdote of, ii. [444] note.
• De Quincey cited, i. [133] note.
• Delamarre, M., ii. [230] note.
• Delaplace, Mgr., ii. [341], [342], [394].
• Detring, G., accompanies Prince Ch'un on his voyage, ii. [317]; relations with Capt. Fournier, ii. [327]; summoned to Tientsin, ii. [328]; assists Li regarding Mr Dunn's mission, ii. [345].
• Dunn, J. G., ii. [344]-[346].
• Dupont, M., Alcock's studies under, i. [5].
• Dutch—
  • Japanese instructed by, ii. [98].
  • Macao, commercial establishment at, i. [291].
  • Nagasaki, ii. [10], [11].
  • Portuguese commercial rivalry with, i. [291].
  • Promptness of, as paymasters, i. [11].
• [East India Company]—
  • Commercial methods of, i. [175].
  • Employees pampered by, i. [211]-[214], [260].
  • Macao, commercial establishment at, i. [291].
  • Officials of, employed in Chinese consular posts, i. [38], [80].
  • Opium trade of, i. [198], [199].
  • Shipping of, i. [211]-[215].
  • Subservience of, towards Chinese, i. [37], [38], [88], [253].
  • Tea trade developed by, i. [182], [183].
• Eitel, Dr, cited, i. [63], [199] note, [273], [301].
• Elgin, Earl of, cruise in the Furious, i. [223]; contrasts Hongkong and Chusan, i. [273]; on Tientsin conference (1854), i. [311]; conduct of Hongkong affairs, i. [320]-[329]; aversion to his Chinese mission, i. [320], [323]-[327]; services in Indian Mutiny, i. [321]; concludes Tientsin treaty, i. [331], [334]; hurried departure from Tientsin, i. [333], [335], [336]; visit to Japan, i. [335], [336]; diplomatic success there, i. [347], ii. [1], [5], [6], [99]; defends his China policy in House of Lords, i. [337]; predisposed to illusions regarding Chinese, i. [339]; misgivings as to Chinese good faith, i. [340], [347]; return to Shanghai, i. [343], [347]; negotiates with Treaty Commissioners at Shanghai, i. [343], [344]; estimate of, i. [346]-[348]; voyage up the Yangtze (1558), i. [347], [370]; second mission to China, i. [349]; negotiations with Prince Kung, i. [329], [352], [353]; succeeded by his brother, i. [355].
• Elliot, Captain Charles, subservience of, to Chinese, i. [40], [41], [54]; offers to suppress opium trade, i. [48], [49]; surrenders opium cargoes, i. [53], [54]; imprisoned in Canton, i. [53], [55]; appointed joint-plenipotentiary with Rear-Admiral Elliot, i. [64]; left in sole charge, i. [65]-[71]; recalled, i. [74]; confidence of, in Chinese, i. [66], [69], [70]; contradictory nature of his commission, i. [92] note; strictures on opium trade, i. [199].
• Elliot, Rear-Admiral the Hon. George, i. [63]-[65].
• Empress—Dowager of China, Prince Ch'un the coadjutor of, ii. [264], [313]; coup d'état executed by, ii. [264], [313], [455]; enmity with Prince Kung, ii. [264], [312]; attitude towards Li, ii. [264], [329], [387]; view of Tongking affair, ii. [329], [334]; characteristics of, ii. [373]; power of, ii. [455] and note; reformers punished by, ii. [458].
• Eulenberg, Count, i. [366], ii. [40].
• Evans, General de Lacy, appreciation of Alcock, i. [14]; Alcock under, in Spanish Legion, i. [21].
• "Ever-Victorious Army," campaign of, i. [382]-[387]; disbandment of, i. [393].
• Exhibition of 1851, Alcock's collection of exhibits for, i. [200]-[202], ii. [101], [102]; influence of, on foreign trade, i. [227].
• Exhibition of 1862, Alcock's collection of samples for, ii. [102], [484].
• Exhibition, Paris, Alcock British Commissioner to, ii. [485].
• Favier, Bishop, ii. [144], [346], [347].
• Foochow—
  • Alcock's appointment as consul at, i. [116]; his commercial researches at, i. [200].
  • American enterprise a stimulus to tea trade at, i. [121], [122], [241].
  • Canton disturbances reflected in, i. [119], [314].
  • Naval construction attempted at, ii. [396]; naval school at, ii. [400].
  • Opening of (1844), i. [115]; further development of, i. [240].
  • Situation and importance of, i. [117], [119], [120].
  • 'Times' pronouncement against, i. [114].
  • Trade at, nature of, i. [118], [121], [122], [241]; sea-borne trade at, i. [209].
• Formosa—
  • French blockade of, ii. [333].
  • Japanese invasion of, ii. [255].
  • Missionary riots in, ii. [203]-[205], [207].
• Fortune, Robert, i. [182], [183].
• Fournier, Captain, ii. [327]-[330].
• France, French (see also [Powers])—
  • Aggressive policy of, ii. [465], [466].
  • British cordially supported by, in China, i. [377], [379]; in Japan, ii. [45], [81], [105]; regarding Chinese emigration, ii. [172].
  • Cochin China, conquest of, ii. [253], [324].
  • Concession of land obtained by (1849), i. [138], [139], [435]; extorted by (1895), ii. [419].
  • Coolie trade, efforts against, ii. [172].
  • Customs Inspector proposed by Alcock from consular service of, i. [153].
  • Elgin followed to Tientsin by, i. [331].
  • Loan to China, ii. [421].
  • Missionary enterprise of, ii. [175]-[177], [224], [225], [229]-[232], [234], [237], [238], [253]; protectorate of Christians the aim of, ii. [336]-[342], [346]-[352].
  • Peking campaign (1860), i. [349]-[354].
  • Russia supported by, after Japanese War, ii. [415]; their approval of French acquisitions, ii. [419].
  • Shanghai settlement and "concession" of, i. [138], [139], [435].
  • Silk industry of, i. [191].
  • Taipings' support by British resented by, i. [141].
  • Tientsin Conference attended by (1854), i. [311].
  • Tongking quarrel, ii. [325]-[334].
  • Yangtze expedition of MM. Simon and Dupuis, i. [371].
• Freeman-Mitford, Mr, anecdote cited from, ii. [444] note.
• Fujiyama, Alcock's expedition to, ii. [41], [42].
• Futai, position of, i. [381].
• Germany, Germans (see also [Powers])—
  • Aggressive policy of, ii. [465], [466].
  • Alcock, appreciation of, by Peking resident, ii. [138].
  • Anglo-German agreement, ii. [467], [468], [473].
  • Armenian massacres, attitude towards, ii. [449] note.
  • Chinese attitude towards, i. [366].
  • Influence of, increasing, ii. [253], [254].
  • Japanese attitude towards, ii. [40].
  • [Kiaochow]. See that title.
  • Korean expedition of, ii. [179].
  • Military instruction of Chinese undertaken by, ii. [395].
  • Missionaries kept to their nationality, ii. [338].
  • Peking, legation established in, ii. [254].
  • Propagandism unmasked by, ii. [454].
  • Russia supported by, after Japanese War, ii. [415].
  • Shantung sphere of, disturbances in, ii. [462].
  • Silk industry of, i. [191].
  • Toleration clause in treaty of, ii. [225] note.
  • Transit duty extension, Count Bernstorff on, ii. [218].
• Gibson, Mr, ii. [204]-[206], [208].
• Giquel, Prosper, i. [394].
• Gordon, Captain C. G., commands the "Ever-Victorious Army," i. [383]-[387]; quarrels with Li, i. [392], [393]; honoured by Chinese Government, i. [395]; attempts at intercourse with Chinese, i. [399]; appreciated by Li, ii. [189]; summoned by Chinese Government, ii. [291], [292].
• Gorogiu, function of the, ii. [108].
• Grant, Sir Hope, i. [348], [349], [352].
• Granville, Lord, negotiates ratification of Chefoo Convention, ii. [284]-[287].
• Great Britain (see also [Powers])—
  • Anglo-German agreement, ii. [467], [468], [473].
  • Borneo, colonisation in, ii. [485]-[487].
  • Good faith of, recognised by Chinese, i. [83], ii. [190].
  • Inconsistent policy of, in China, i. [432], [433].
  • Japanese War, attitude towards, ii. [413]-[416], [433].
  • Loan offered to China, ii. [420]; forced on her, ii. [434].
  • Narrowness of view among politicians in, i. [319].
  • Naval instruction of Chinese undertaken by, ii. [395].
  • Non-aggressive policy of, ii. [468].
  • [Peking], Legation in—
    • Chinese Secretaryship, ii. [132], [362], [363], [367].
    • Deterioration in personnel of, ii. [360]-[362], [364], [366], [367].
    • Establishment of, i. [355].
    • Intelligence department defective, ii. [415], [423].
    • Subordination of, to Inspector-General of Customs, ii. [165], [166].
    • Supreme Court for a time subordinate to, ii. [358].
  • Russian acquisitions, attitude towards, ii. [423]-[433].
  • Weihai-wei seized by, ii. [434].
  • Yedo, [Legation] in, assaulted, ii. [36]-[38]; indemnity demanded, ii. [65], [66]; burnt, ii. [62] and note.
• Greenwell, Dora, appreciation of 'Life's Problems' expressed by, i. [159].
• Gros, Baron, i. [321], [349], ii. [230].
• Gurdon, Lieutenant, ii. [205].
• Guthrie, G. J., Alcock's medical studies under, i. [2]; recommends Alcock to Mr O'Meara, i. [9].
• Hakodate, opening of, for ships' supplies, ii. [4]; neglected by merchants, ii. [12]; Russian representative at, ii. [104].
• Hankow—
  • Abandonment of, by inhabitants in Taiping scare, i. [374].
  • Consular officer established at, i. [373].
  • Development of, i. [224], [225].
  • Elgin's voyage to (1858), i. [347].
  • Hope's visit to (1861), i. [223].
• Harris, Townsend, ii. [3], [5], [39], [99].
• Hart, Sir Robert, temporarily Inspector-General of Chinese Maritime Customs, i. [387]; implicated in the Lay-Osborn flotilla failure, i. [388]-[390]; an authority on Gordon's reconciliation with Li, i. [193]; position and work of, as Inspector-General of Customs in Peking, ii. [157], [160], [162]-[167]; appointed British Minister in China, but resigns post, ii. [166]; on Mixed Commission regarding redress of commercial grievances, ii. [211]-[215]; action in the Margary murder case, ii. [274]; influence on the Chefoo Convention, ii. [276]; invites Gordon to help Chinese, ii. [292]; obtains recall of Tibetan mission, ii. [310]; obtains peace with France, ii. [333]; 'Fortnightly Review' paper cited, ii. [461].
• Hodges, Colonel, takes Alcock on to his staff, i. [9], [10]; appreciation of Alcock, i. [14].
• Holt, Mr, ii. [203], [204], [208].
• Hong merchants, i. [40] note.
• Hongkong—
  • Administration of, i. [277], [278].
  • Advantages of site, i. [273], [274], [277], [284].
  • Alcock's visit to (1869), ii. [219].
  • Bank of, i. [284], [285].
  • British contempt for, i. [115]; Government's attitude towards, i. [276].
  • Buildings in, i. [282], [283].
  • Cession of, and occupation by British, i. [67].
  • Chinese traders and mechanics in, i. [73]; shipowners in, i. [247], [308]; escaped criminals numerous, i. [275]; improvement of general character, i. [277]-[282], [284].
  • Chusan contrasted with, i. [273].
  • Coolie trade, efforts against, ii. [168], [169].
  • Cost of voyage to, in early days, i. [258].
  • Customs station at, desired by Chinese, i. [276]; refused, ii. [216]; established, i. [276], ii. [288].
  • Development of, i. [73], [274]-[286].
  • Dislike of, by diplomatic and consular officials, i. [273], [276], [320], ii. [355]; by Chinese Government, i. [275], ii. [216].
  • Early record of (1816), i. [272].
  • Elgin's aversion to, i. [273], [320].
  • Emigration from, ii. [173].
  • Industries of, i. [283], [284].
  • International character of, i. [285].
  • Junk trade under Chinese control, i. [113], [275], [308].
  • Kiying House, i. [316].
  • Macao contrasted with, i. [287], [294].
  • Piracy headquarters at, i. [302], [305].
  • Pottinger, Sir H., first governor of, i. [112].
  • Reformers safe in, ii. [459].
  • Schools in, i. [281], [282].
  • Supreme Court in, ii. [354], [355].
  • Tonnage entered and cleared at, in 1898, i. [277] note.
  • Yokohama guard despatched from, ii. [77].
• Hong-tjyong-on, ii. [299]-[302].
• Hope, Admiral Sir James, Yangtze formally opened by, i. [223]; commands British naval contingent in Peking campaign, i. [349]; repulsed at Taku forts (1859), i. [350]; visits Peking, i. [365]; relations with Taipings, i. [370]-[373], [375]-[379]; opinion on Taiping Rebellion, i. [375]; vigorous policy of, i. [376]; friendship with Admiral Protêt, i. [379]; comradeship with Ward, i. [382]; advises strong measures in Japan, ii. [55]; scheme for offensive measures in Japan, ii. [59]; correspondence with Capt. Birileff regarding Tsushima, ii. [111]-[114].
• Hoppo, position of, i. [44], [45].
• Hsienfêng, Emperor, death of, i. [397].
• Hu Lin-yi, ii. [377].
• Huang, Governor-General, i. [342], [343].
• Hunter, W. C., quoted, i. [34], [46]-[48], ii. [20] note; cited, i. [82].
• Hwang-chu-ke, massacre of Englishmen at, i. [104], [108].
• Ignatieff, General, assists Sir H. Grant, i. [353], [354]; negotiates cession of Vladivostock, i. [357], [358]; attitude towards British Legation and Chinese, i. [359].
• Ilipu, Commissioner, i. [76], [77], [81].
• India—
  • Alcock's visit to (1869), ii. [219].
  • Calcutta Convention, ii. [312].
  • Chinese imports from, i. [168].
  • [East India Company]. See that title.
  • Elgin's opportune arrival in, i. [321].
  • Gordon summoned from, ii. [292].
  • [Opium trade]. See that title.
  • Tea trade, i. [182]-[186].
  • Tibetan expedition, ii. [305]-[310].
• Inouyé, Count, British Legation building burnt by, ii. [62] note; return from Europe and mission to Choshiu, ii. [80], [81]; mission to Korea, ii. [302].
• Ito, Count, return from Europe and mission to Choshiu, ii. [80], [81]; mission to Peking, ii. [302].
• Japan (for particular persons, towns, see their titles)—
  • Aggressive policy of, ii. [254]-[256], [465], [466].
  • Art of, ii. [102], [103].
  • Assassination period in, ii. [35]-[38].
  • Chinese War. See under [China].
  • Consuls in, peculiar responsibilities of, ii. [121].
  • Currency of, ii. [18]-[27].
  • Customs of, ii. [33].
  • Czarevitch's visit to, ii. [323].
  • [Daimios]—
    • Coinage of, ii. [25], [26].
    • Hostility of, to foreigners, ii. [38]-[41], [43].
    • Legation guards provided by, ii. [51], [53].
    • Processions of, ii. [34], [56].
    • Tycoon's relation to, ii. [38], [60]-[65], [67], [68], [76], [93].
  • Elgin's visit to, i. [335], [336]; his diplomatic success, i. [347], ii. [1], [5], [6], [99].
  • Exhibition of 1862, represented at, ii. [102], [484].
  • Foreigners, supervision of, ii. [8]; early pleasant relations with, ii. [9], [29]-[31]; hatred of, ii. [38]-[41], [43], [58], [77], [93]; retrograde policy towards, ii. [47]-[49]; use made of, ii. [95]-[98], [130], [131], [191], [255]; help of, declined when unasked, ii. [110].
  • Formosa invaded by, ii. [255].
  • Gorogiu, function of the, ii. [108].
  • Hong's vendetta pursued in, ii. [300], [301].
  • Inland Sea, Alcock's expedition up, ii. [36], [42]; Prince of Nagato's blockade of, ii. [69], [76], [77].
  • Korea, treaty with, ii. [256], [257]; Korean outbreak against, ii. [294], [297], [298]; equality with China in, ii. [302], [303], [389]; aggression in, ii. [406], [407], [409].
  • Liao-tung claimed by, ii. [429].
  • Liuchiu Islands claimed by, ii. [256].
  • Opening of, to foreign intercourse (1858), i. [225].
  • Portuguese expelled from, i. [291].
  • Prosperity of, ii. [32].
  • "Rudeness," term for, ii. [34] note.
  • Russian admiral in, i. [395].
  • Samurai, anecdote of, ii. [33] note 1.
  • Silk industry of, i. [188], [191] note.
  • Sport in, ii. [127]-[129].
• Japanese—
  • Chinese contrasted with, ii. [8], [27], [29], [130], [131], [259].
  • Combination, power of, ii. [94].
  • Imitation, faculty of, ii. [94]-[97].
  • Practical comprehension of circumstances, ii. [7].
  • Seriousness of, ii. [94].
  • Tenacity and resolution of, ii. [16], [93].
• [Junks]. See under China.
• Kanagawa—
  • American treaty signed at, ii. [39].
  • Massacre of Russians at, ii. [35].
  • Moss, Mr, arrested for shooting game near, ii. [123], [128].
  • Opening of (1859), ii. [12].
  • Riding party from, attacked, ii. [55]-[57].
  • Yokohama preferred to, by foreign merchants, ii. [17], [18], [123].
• Kang Yu-wei, reform programme of, ii. [457], [458].
• Kashgaria, rebellion in, ii. [290], [291].
• Kennedy, Vice-Admiral Sir W. R., cited, i. [317], [318].
• Keppel, Admiral, diary entry regarding opium clipper, i. [217]; appreciation of Dent's hospitality, i. [294], [316]; operations against war-junks, i. [317], [318]; aids Consul Medhurst in Yangchow affair, ii. [202]; report on Formosa missionary affair, ii. [204]; details force to aid Mr Gibson, ii. [205]; appreciation of Chunghou, ii. [239].
• [Kiaochow], German seizure of, ii. [421]; British opinion, ii. [423]; Russian attitude, ii. [431].
• Kim Ok Kun, ii. [298]-[302].
• Kishen, appointment of, to negotiate with British, i. [65]; conciliatory manner of, i. [67]; good faith and courtesy of, i. [81], [82].
• Kiying, Commissioner, appointed to treat with Sir H. Pottinger, i. [76], [77]; courtesy of, i. [82]; pleasant nature of intercourse with, i. [94], [95]; impotence of, before Cantonese, i. [97]; high-handed manner of, after restoration of Chusan, i. [99]; agreement concluded with (1847), i. [103], [107]; effects postponement of foreign entry into Canton, i. [107]; popular memorial to Sir J. Davis inspired by, i. [110]; affability of, to governor of Hongkong, i. [112], [113]; supplementary treaty with, i. [113]; no redress from, against a Chih-hsien, i. [426].
• [Korea]—
  • American expeditions to, ii. [178], [179].
  • China, tribute embassies to, ii. [148];
  • reverence for, ii. [259]; embassy of condolence from, ii. [404], [405]; privileges of, ii. [406].
  • Foreign ferment in, ii. [295].
  • French annexation of, ii. [176], [177].
  • Hong honoured by Court, ii. [301], [302].
  • Japanese, treaty with, ii. [256], [257]; brutality of, ii. [259]; equality of, with China, ii. [302], [303], [389]; aggression of, ii. [406], [407], [409].
  • Jesuit propagandism in, ii. [175].
  • Opening of, by China, ii. [259].
  • Port Hamilton incident, ii. [303], [305].
  • Russian pledge regarding, ii. [424], [425].
  • Söul, émeute in, ii. [294], [296]-[298].
• Kowloon, concession of, acquired by Parkes, i. [286], [330].
• Kuldja, Russian claims regarding, ii. [290]-[293].
• Kung, Prince, Lord Elgin's negotiations with, i. [329], [352], [353]; signs Peking treaty, i. [354]; deceived by Ignatieff, i. [358]; member of Tsungli-Yamên, i. [360]; Gordon's interviews with, i. [383]; implicated in the Lay-Osborn flotilla failure, i. [389], [390]; executes coup d'état, i. [397], [398]; correspondence with British Minister, i. [403]-[406], 409; high-handed tone of, i. [410]; intimate relations with British Legation, ii. [134], [135]; efforts against coolie trade, ii. [171], [172]; declines responsibility for Korean persecutions, ii. [176]; action in Yangchow affair, ii. [202]; circular regarding missionaries, ii. [231]; Sir T. Wade's remonstrance to, on Chinese official tone, ii. [244]; present at audience of foreign Ministers, ii. [261]; imperial claims of, ii. [263]; enmity between Empress and, ii. [264], [312]; action regarding Margary case, ii. [274]; dismissed by Empress, ii. [312]; efforts regarding Pei-t'ang Cathedral, ii. [342]; moderating influence of, ii. [374]; vetoes proposed assassination of Li, ii. [387].
• Kuper, Rear-Admiral Sir Augustus, attack on Satsuma, ii. [67]; operations against Prince of Nagato, ii. [80], [81]; appeals to Foreign Office regarding Alcock's recall, ii. [89].
• Kwanghsu, Emperor, selected by Empress, ii. [263]; comes of age, ii. [318]; childlessness of, ii. [456]; reform programme adopted by, ii. [458].
• Kweiliang, i. [334], [360].
• Lane-Poole, Stanley, cited, i. [117], [316].
• Lang, Captain, ii. [396], [400], [412].
• Lay, H. N., residence of, at Foochow, i. [118] note; Inspector-General of Customs, i. [155]; negotiates Tientsin treaty, i. [331]; Osborn flotilla fiasco, i. [387]-[391]; summary of Chinese affairs (1858-63), i. [409], [410]; fidelity to Chinese Government, ii. [160]; observation on residence of Ministers, ii. [261]; representative of consular training school, ii. [363].
• Lay-Osborn flotilla, i. [387]-[391]; Wênsiang and Prince Kung discredited by failure of scheme, ii. [375], [391].
• [Lekin, likin]. See under China—Taxation.
• Lhassa, Bengali's friendly visits to, ii. [305]; Indian expedition attempted, ii. [306]-[310]; protracted negotiations at, ii. [311], [312].
• Li Han-Chang, ii. [272].
• Li Hung-Chang, foreigners enlisted by, i. [381], [382]; dismisses Burgevine, i. [385], [387]; rejects the Lay-Osborn flotilla, i. [391]; Gordon's quarrel with, i. [392], [393]; memorial of, regarding revision of treaty, ii. [184]-[190]; influence of, in foreign affairs, ii. [190], [264], [313], [314]; succeeds Tsêng Kwo-fan and Chunghou, ii. [242]; interview with Consul Adkins, ii. [244], [245]; negotiates opening of Korea, ii. [259]; ascendancy of, in imperial counsels, ii. [264], [329]; appointed to treat with Sir T. Wade on Margary murder, ii. [274], [275]; negotiates Chefoo Convention, ii. [275]-[277]; Gordon's interviews with, ii. [292]; action in Korean émeute, ii. [294]; Count Ito's negotiations with, ii. [302]; arranges voyage of Prince Ch'un, ii. [316]; deputed to meet the Czarevitch at Chefoo, ii. [322]; Annam negotiations, ii. [325]; summons Mr Detring to Tientsin, ii. [328]; concludes Fournier Convention, ii. [329]; arranges Vatican mission, ii. [345]; opposed by Tso Tsung-tang, ii. [379]; characteristics and policy of, ii. [381]-[386]; promotes naval and military reform, ii. [382], [391], [396], [397]; no anti-foreign outbreaks in province of, ii. [383], [442]; responsibilities of, regarding Japanese War, ii. [386], [387]; progressive efforts of, ii. [395]; opposed to Korean expedition, ii. [408]; agrees to Manchurian branch of Siberian railway, ii. [423].
• Liao-tung—
  • Japanese occupation of, ii. [414]; cession of, for indemnity, ii. [415].
  • Russian acquisition of, ii. [422], [423].
• 'Life's Problems,' appreciation of, i. [159].
• Likatchoff, Commodore, ii. [112], [114].
• Lin, Commissioner, measures of, against opium trade, i. [51]-[54]; demands life-and-death jurisdiction, i. [57]; reply of, to Macaese, i. [58]; superseded, i. [65]; custom-house administration of, i. [435].
• Lindsay, W. S., cited, i. [237]; quoted, i. [242].
• Liuchiu Islands, ii. [256].
• Livadia, treaty of, ii. [291].
• [Lorchas]. See under China.
• Lowder, Mrs, Alcock's marriage with, ii. [73].
• [Macao] (see also [Portuguese])—
  • British refugees expelled from, i. [58], [272], [293]; plenipotentiaries repair to, i. [65].
  • Celebrities of, i. [297], [298].
  • Clerks from, i. [259].
  • Coolie trade at, ii. [169], [174].
  • Custom-house established at, ii. [288].
  • Elliot's retirement to, i. [41].
  • Hongkong contrasted with, i. [287], [294].
  • Peacefulness and salubrity of, i. [287], [288], [292]-[294].
  • Piracy tolerated at, i. [295], [296].
  • Population of, i. [294], [295].
  • Portuguese occupation of, i. [289]-[291].
• Macaulay, T. B., ii. [307].
• MacCunn, James, cited, i. [243] note.
• Macdonald, Sir Claude, ii. [432].
• MacDonnell, Sir Richard, i. [277], [305], [306].
• Manchuria—
  • Chinese troops in, ii. [291].
  • Russian acquisition of coast, ii. [252], [469], [473].
  • Siberian railway to pass through, ii. [423].
• Manchus—
  • Chinese contrasted with, i. [80], [81]; complementary to, i. [83], [84].
  • Courtesy of, i. [82], [368], ii. [140], [153].
  • Moderation and humanity of, i. [81].
  • Women, position of, ii. [140], [141].
• Margary, Augustus Raymond, ii. [266], [267].
• Markham, Sir Clements, appreciation of Alcock, ii. [484].
• Mas, M. de, anecdote of, ii. [444] note.
• Mayers, W. F., ii. [363].
• Meadows, Taylor, Alcock compared with, i. [161], ii. [224]; distinguished services of, ii. [359]; representative of consular training school, ii. [363].
• Medhurst, Mr, foreign atrocities reported by, i. [302]; map made by, i. [432]; action in Yangchow affair, ii. [199]-[201]; reprimanded by Lord Clarendon, ii. [207], [208].
• Mikado of Japan, sanction of, necessary to treaties, ii. [39], [63], [85]; sanction obtained, ii. [90]; Tycoon's relation to, ii. [60]-[65], [71]-[73], [76], [85], [92], [93]; expulsion of foreigners ordered by, ii. [63]; administrative functions assumed by, ii. [92], [255].
• [Missionaries]—
  • Alcock's views on, ii. [223], [224], [227], [230], [231], [237].
  • American, on Yangtze expedition, i. [370].
  • Charges against, ii. [236].
  • Chinese view of, ii. [177]-[179].
  • Control of, Chinese scheme for, ii. [246]-[248].
  • Disunion among the Powers caused by, ii. [237].
  • French enterprise regarding, ii. [175]-[177], [224], [225], [229]-[232], [234], [237], [238], [253]; their aim a protectorate of Christians, ii. [336]-[342], [346]-[352].
  • Hongkong, in, i. [281].
  • "Indiscretions" of, emphasised by their Governments, ii. [243].
  • Irritation and disruption caused by, ii. [203]-[205], [207], [224], [226]-[233], [238], [246], [248], [249], [454].
  • Kang Yu-wei inspired by, ii. [458].
  • Korea, in, ii. [175], [177]-[179].
  • Li's advice regarding, ii. [187]; his policy towards, ii. [383], [442].
  • Publications of, ii. [445].
  • Russian Peking establishment, i. [356], ii. [154].
  • Tientsin massacre, ii. [238], [239]; French ambassador's note on, ii. [237]; results of, ii. [240]-[244].
  • Tsingpu attack, i. [129].
• Mito, Prince of, ii. [35], [38], [40], [41].
• Mongol market in Peking, ii. [147], [148].
• Montauban, General (Count Palikao), i. [349], [351]-[353].
• Morrison, Robert, i. [297], [298].
• Moss, Mr, ii. [123], [124], [128].
• Mouravieff-Amurski, Count, at Yedo, ii. [35]; warns Japanese against British designs, ii. [111]; gives assurances regarding Russian fleet, ii. [426].
• Mutsu, Count, anecdote of, ii. [96] note.
• Nagasaki—
  • Alcock's arrival at, ii. [14].
  • Coins not used in trade at, ii. [18].
  • Dutch trade at, ii. [10], [11].
  • Legation from Korea conveyed to, ii. [294].
  • Opened for ships' supplies, ii. [4].
  • Welcome to foreigners at, ii. [9].
• [Nagato], Prince of, hostile action of, ii. [67], [69], [76], [77]; operations against, ii. [77]-[81]; Japanese students sent to Europe by, ii. [80]; justifies his anti-foreign action, ii. [82]; results of his defeat, ii. [86].
• Namoa, typical sale of opium at, i. [47], [48].
• Nanking—
  • Capital, proposed as, ii. [474] note.
  • Important position of, i. [134].
  • Lay-Osborn flotilla, connection with, i. [391].
  • Robertson's mission to, i. [133], [428].
  • Taipings at, British aid asked against, i. [312]; Admiral Hope's dealings with, i. [371], [372].
  • [Treaty]. See under Treaties.
• Napier, Lord, experiences of, in China, i. [38]-[40]; views on Chinese government, ii. [439].
• Neale, Lieutenant-Colonel Edward St John, in charge of British Legation at Yedo, ii. [50]; attack on British Legation described by, ii. [51], [52]; congratulated by Japanese on his escape, ii. [54]; action after Richardson murder, ii. [58]; negotiations with Japanese, ii. [62]-[67].
• Newchwang, i. [219], [222].
• Ningpo—
  • A'Pak's exploit at, i. [304], [305].
  • Characteristics of, i. [116].
  • Occupation of, by British, i. [76].
  • Opening of, i. [115].
  • Piratical stronghold near, i. [306].
  • Taipings, captured by, i. [376], [377]; captured from, i. [380]; base of British and French during Chêkiang campaign, i. [394].
  • 'Times' pronouncement against, i. [114].
• Oliphant, Laurence, cited, i. [223], [336], [337], [347], ii. [2]; quoted, i. [341], ii. [9] note, [11] note; wounded by Japanese, ii. [36], [37]; invalided home, ii. [46].
• [Opium trade]—
  • Alcock's attitude towards, i. [194]-[198], [417]-[419].
  • Cash payments the rule in, i. [43], [171], [192].
  • Chefoo Convention, introduced into, ii. [281], [283]; stimulated by, ii. [289].
  • Clippers, i. [193], [215]-[217].
  • Contraband before 1858, i. [44]-[48], [192]; legalisation of, urged by Alcock, i. [418]; effected, i. [199]; recognised by Tientsin treaty, i. [332], [341].
  • Elliot's offer to suppress, i. [48], [49]; his attitude towards, i. [199].
  • Foochow, at, i. [121].
  • Hostility of Chinese attitude towards, i. [417]-[419].
  • Importance of, i. [193], [194], [196], [197], [417], [418].
  • Lin's measures against, i. [51]-[54].
  • Postal communication dependent on, i. [193], [216], [217].
  • Smuggling connected with, i. [44]-[48].
  • Surrender of opium at Canton, i. [53], [54] and note.
  • Transit dues, proposed increase of, ii. [219]; duty trebled, ii. [284], [286].
  • Value of, i. [192].
• Osborn, Captain Sherard, Yangtze explored by, i. [223], [347]; in command of flotilla refused by Chinese, i. [388]; cited, ii. [2].
• Paget, Sir James, appreciation of Alcock, i. [23], [24].
• Palikao, Count, i. [349], [351]-[353].
• Palmerston, Lord, successful Chinese policy of, i. [88], [100], [101], [104], [131]; the China dissolution, i. [319]; change in foreign policy after death of, ii. [364], [365].
• Paris, Alcock's first visit to, i. [2]-[7]; Campbell's mission to, ii. [333].
• Parkes, Sir Harry, interpreter to Alcock, i. [117]; appreciation of Alcock, i. [120], [121]; accompanies Alcock to Shanghai, i. [126]; despatched with Robertson to Nanking, i. [133]; compiles returns of sea-borne trade at Foochow, i. [209]; obtains Kowloon concession, i. [286], [330]; action regarding the Arrow incident, i. [309]; remonstrates with Yeh, i. [314]; Lord Elgin's appreciation of, i. [326] note; commissioner at Canton, i. [328], [330]; successful administration there, i. [397]; deplores Lord Elgin's hurried departure from Tientsin, i. [335]; reward offered for head of, i. [342]; seized and imprisoned by Chinese, i. [352]; released, i. [354]; visits Peking, i. [365]; attached by Lord Elgin to Admiral Hope, i. [370]; describes abandonment of Hankow, i. [374]; attack on, in Japan, ii. [90]; succeeds Alcock in Japan, ii. [130]; views on Chinese action regarding Formosa and Japan, ii. [255]; negotiates treaty regarding Korea, ii. [297]; death of, ii. [302]; representative of consular training school, ii. [363].
• Pechili Gulf, cruise in, i. [220]-[223]; defences suggested for, ii. [381]; fortifications of ports in, ii. [397].
• Peiho river, demonstration off mouth of (1840), i. [64]; defences of (1860), 350. See also [Taku forts].
• Peking—
  • Blockade of, a means of coercing Government, i. [416], [428]-[431].
  • [British Legation]. See under Great Britain.
  • Campaign of 1860, i. [349]-[354].
  • Chose jugée, case of, ii. [280].
  • Convention signed at (1886), ii. [310].
  • Disadvantages of, as site for capital, ii. [474] and note.
  • Distant view of, ii. [143].
  • Elgin's error in omitting to visit, i. [334]-[337] and note.
  • Fur market, ii. [149].
  • German Legation established in, ii. [254].
  • Health of, ii. [144] note.
  • Hostility of natives in, i. [364].
  • Inaccessibility of, ii. [142].
  • Innovations after 1884, ii. [315].
  • Insanitary condition of, ii. [144], [145].
  • Lama temple, ii. [145], [146].
  • Legations, diplomatic difficulties of, i. [398]-[401]; relieved by military force (1900), ii. [437].
  • Macaulay's mission to, ii. [307], [308].
  • Maritime Customs Inspector established in, ii. [156].
  • Mules and camels, ii. [147].
  • Pei-t'ang Cathedral, erection of, ii. [341]; transfer of, ii. [346], [347].
  • Prohibitions against English visitors, i. [363].
  • Residence of British representative at, suggested in merchants' memorial (1839), i. [89]; residence included in Tientsin treaty, i. [332], [336]; right of residence suspended, i. [337], [346].
  • Russian mission in, i. [356], ii. [154].
  • Sarat Chandra Das, visit of, ii. [308]-[310].
  • Social Life in, ii. [138]-[142].
  • Street traffic in, ii. [149]-[153].
  • Summer retreat from, ii. [154], [155].
  • Temple of Heaven, ii. [146].
  • Treaty signed at (1860), i. [354].
• Pin Ch'un, ii. [137], [186].
• [Piracy]—
  • Alcock's views on, i. [208].
  • British action against, i. [299], [301], [305]-[307].
  • Chinese attitude towards, i. [299]-[301].
  • Foreigners engaged in, in China, i. [302]; foreigners subjected to, i. [306], [307].
  • Hongkong headquarters of, i. [302], [305].
  • Portuguese leniency to, i. [295], [296]; their earlier assistance against, i. [289], [290].
  • Prevalence of, i. [194], [209], [218].
  • Steam traffic a blow to, i. [307].
  • Taiping Rebellion complicated by, i. [275].
• Popoff, M., i. [357], [395].
• Port Arthur—
  • British evacuation of, ii. [426].
  • Ch'un, Prince, meets British Admiral at, ii. [317].
  • Fortifications of, ii. [397].
  • French abstain from attacking, ii. [332]; French syndicate entrusted with construction works at, ii. [335].
  • Russian acquisition of, ii. [424]-[427].
• Portugal, Alcock's work as army surgeon in, i. [14]-[18]; on Anglo-Portuguese Commission regarding claims of British auxiliaries, i. [25].
• [Portuguese] (see also [Macao])—
  • Chinese cupidity conciliated by, i. [287].
  • Convoy trade carried on by, i. [304], [305].
  • Ming dynasty supported by, i. [291].
  • Obligations to Great Britain disregarded by, i. [58] and note.
• Pottinger, Sir Henry, i. [74], [112]-[114].
• [Powers], Western—
  • Anarchy among, ii. [472], [473].
  • Audience granted to, by Emperor Tungchih, ii. [261]; by Kwanghsu, ii. [318]-[320].
  • British covertly attacked by, to Japanese government, ii. [107]-[110].
  • Chefoo Convention, feeling regarding, ii. [276], [277], [281].
  • Classification of, ii. [465].
  • Danger to be apprehended from, i. [163], [420].
  • "Dummy" Chinaman evolved by, i. [338], [339], ii. [472].
  • Korea, inaction regarding, ii. [411].
  • Missionary problem, unity not possible regarding, ii. [237].
  • Rivalry of, i. [262], ii. [447], [451], [475].
  • Spoliation of China by, ii. [417], [418], [447], [452].
  • Taiping Rebellion, attitude towards, i. [394].
• "Progress," no Chinese equivalent for, ii. [136].
• Protêt, Admiral, i. [377], [379].
• Queen Victoria Jubilee Institute for Nurses, Alcock's work for, ii. [482], [483].
• Real estate, value of, in the Far East, i. [176], [177], [434].
• Rennie, Dr, quoted, i. [362]-[366], ii. [146].
• Rhubarb, Chinese export of, i. [168].
• Richardson, Mr, murder of, ii. [38], [56], [57]; redress for, ii. [65], [66].
• Robertson, Vice-Consul, i. [133], [428], ii. [210].
• Royal Geographical Society, Alcock's work for, ii. [483], [484].
• Roze, Admiral, ii. [177].
• "Rudeness," Japanese term for, ii. [34] note.
• Russell, Earl, approves Alcock's measures, ii. [45], [86]; negotiates with Japanese envoys, ii. [49]; advocates firm policy in Japan, ii. [59], [76]; recalls Alcock, ii. [87], [88]; desires Alcock's return to Japan, ii. [89].
• Russia, Russians (see also [Powers])—
  • Absorbent policy of, ii. [469], [470], [473], [474].
  • Akbar despatches incident, i. [233].
  • Amur, acquisitions on the, ii. [252], [429].
  • Ascendancy of, in China, ii. [422], [434], [473], [475].
  • British friction with, ii. [321].
  • Czarevitch visits China, ii. [321]-[323].
  • Elgin followed to Tientsin by, i. [331].
  • French in concert with, ii. [415]; their acquisitions approved by, ii. [419].
  • Japan—squadron at Yedo, ii. [35]; represented by M. Goskavitch, ii. [104]; Tsushima affair, ii. [111]-[114].
  • Japanese War deprecated by, ii. [411]; Japanese claims modified by, ii. [415].
  • Kuldja incident, ii. [290]-[293].
  • Li protected by, ii. [387], [415].
  • Liao-tung acquired by, ii. [422], [423].
  • Livadia, treaty of, ii. [291].
  • Loan to China guaranteed by, ii. [421].
  • Manchurian coast acquired by, ii. [252], [469].
  • Military ethics of, ii. [470], [471].
  • Peking, establishment in, i. [356], ii. [154].
  • Port Hamilton incident, ii. [303]-[305].
  • Protectorate of Christians assumed by, ii. [349], [350].
  • Respect accorded to, by Chinese, i. [357]; by Japanese, i. [357], ii. [104].
  • Siberian railway, beginning of, ii. [323]; Manchurian branch of, ii. [423].
  • Taiping Rebellion, attitude towards, i. [394], [395].
  • Talien-wan seized by, ii. [427]; 'Times' extract on the proceeding, ii. [428]-[432].
  • Tea supply of, i. [186].
  • Tientsin massacre, ii. [239], [241].
  • Toleration clause in treaty of, ii. [224].
  • Vladivostock, acquisition of, i. [358]; Czarevitch's visit to, ii. [323].
• Salisbury, Lord, additional article to the Chefoo Convention signed by, ii. [287]; speech regarding Russian ports, ii. [426], [430]; Russia conciliated by, ii. [429].
• Samqua, i. [151], [434], [435].
• Samurai, status of, ii. [33] note 2.
• Sarat Chandra Das, ii. [306], [308]-[310].
• Satsuma, Prince of, riding party attacked by retinue of, ii. [58]; attack on, ii. [67], [68]; appeals to Mikado against Prince of Nagato, ii. [69]; friendly to foreigners, ii. [76].
• Seventh Prince. See [Ch'un, Prince].
• Seward, George F., ii. [174], [178].
• Seymour, Sir Michael, naval commander-in-chief at Hongkong, i. [309]; relations with Sir J. Bowring, i. [315]; operations in the "Merchants' War," i. [317].
• Shanghai—
  • Alcock appointed to, i. [126]; testimonial to him from foreign residents in, i. [157], [158]; his visit to (1869), ii. [218].
  • Apathy of residents regarding Exhibition samples, i. [200], [201].
  • Capture of, in first China War, i. [75].
  • Chamber of Commerce at, reviews Supplementary Convention, ii. [219].
  • Chunghou, condemned at meetings in, ii. [241].
  • [Custom-house]. See under China—Taxation.
  • Development of, i. [124]-[126].
  • French concession in, i. [139].
  • Inland trade from, i. [210].
  • Kim assassinated in, ii. [301].
  • Lindsay's mission to (1832), i. [115].
  • Naval construction attempted at, ii. [396].
  • Neighbourhood of, i. [126], [127].
  • Opening of (1843), i. [115].
  • Self-reliance of community in, i. [140].
  • Silk trade facilitated by opening of, i. [188].
  • Smuggling centre at, i. [144].
  • Supreme Court for China and Japan established at, ii. [355]-[358].
  • Taipings, danger from, i. [377]-[379].
  • Thirty mile radius established round, i. [128], [372], [376], [383], [384].
  • Tientsin treaty negotiations conducted at, i. [343], [347].
  • Tonnage famine at, i. [232], [233].
  • Tsingpu affair, i. [129]-[133].
  • Yokohama guard of Beloochis sent from, ii. [78].
• Shantung—
  • German seizure of port in, ii. [421]; British opinion on seizure, ii. [423]; Russian attitude, ii. [431].
  • Scenery of, i. [221].
  • Unrest most violent in, ii. [462].
• Shaw, Sir Charles, sketch of career of, i. [12]-[14]; appreciation of Alcock, i. [14]-[17], [21], [22].
• Shimadso Saburo, ii. [58], [59] and note.
• Shimoda, opening of, ii. [4].
• Shimonoséki, Straits of, blockaded by Prince of Nagato, ii. [69], [76], [77]; forts at, captured by Allies, ii. [83].
• Shimonoseki treaty, ii. [387], [418].
• Shipping—
  • Convoy system in China, i. [302]-[304].
  • Disguise of boats for Chinese coasting trade, i. [246], [247].
  • East India Company's, i. [211]-[215].
  • Gold discoveries' effect on, i. [227]-[231].
  • Hanseatic and Scandinavian, i. [218], [219].
  • [Junks]. See under China.
  • [Lorchas]. See under China.
  • Merchant owners, i. [217], [218], [224].
  • Navigation Law repealed, i. [230].
  • Opium clippers, i. [193], [215]-[217].
  • [Piracy]. See that title.
  • Revival of British, i. [231], [237], [239].
  • Silk cargoes, i. [235], [236].
  • Steam brought into general use, i. [243]-[245]; effect on piracy, i. [307].
  • Tea clippers, i. [239]-[243].
• Shore, the Hon. Henry N., cited, i. [213] note.
• [Silk], Chinese trade in, importance of, i. [168], [187]-[191] and note, [203]; shipping of, i. [235], [236]; Japanese trade in, ii. [116].
• Smith, Arthur, cited, ii. [368].
• [Smuggling]—
  • Alcock's efforts against, i. [143], [145]; extract from his report on, i. [145]-[147].
  • Elliot's offer to suppress, i. [48], [49].
  • England, in, i. [213].
  • Prevalence of, i. [44], [45], [143], [195], [301].
  • Salt merchants vigilant against, i. [442].
  • Trade disastrously affected by, i. [147].
• Solomon, King, Chinese characteristics of, ii. [369] note.
• Spain, Alcock's work as army surgeon in, i. [21], [22]; on Commission regarding payment of Foreign Legion, i. [24], [25]; rheumatic fever contracted at San Sebastian, i. [27].
• Stanley, Lady Augusta, Alcock's work with, ii. [479], [480].
• Staveley, Brigadier-General, i. [365], [379], [383], [385].
• Stirling, Sir James, Japanese treaty of, ii. [4].
• Swatow, ii. [206].
• Swinhoe, Consul, ii. [181], [204], [359].
• [Taiping Rebellion]. See under China.
• [Taku] forts, British repulse at, i. [222], [223], [348]; strengthened by Chinese, i. [350]; captured by Allies, i. [351]; occupied by Allies, i. [355]; captured (1900), ii. [436].
• Talien-wan—
  • British suggestion regarding, ii. [425].
  • Fortifications of, ii. [397].
  • Russian seizure of, ii. [427].
  • 'Times' letter on, ii. [428]-[432].
• Tao-kuang, Emperor, i. [50], [51].
• Taotai, status of, i. [129].
• Tartars, i. [81].
• [Taxation]. See under China.
• [Tea] trade—
  • Clippers, i. [239]-[243].
  • Consumption of tea, quality and quantity of, i. [180], [181].
  • Duties heavy, i. [178]-[181], [186].
  • Foochow famous for, i. [121], [122], [240], [241].
  • Hankow a new centre for, i. [225].
  • Importance of, in early Chinese trade, i. [168]; decline of, i. [184]-[186].
• Thomson, J., quoted, i. [269].
• Tibet, Bengali's friendly visits to, ii. [305]; Indian expedition attempted, ii. [306]-[310]; attack on British Sikkim, ii. [311].
• Tientsin—
  • Arsenal established at, by Chunghou, ii. [392].
  • Ch'un, Prince, introduced to foreigners at, ii. [316].
  • Conference at (1840), i. [65]; (1854), i. [311].
  • Elgin's treaty. See Treaties—Tientsin; his hurried departure from, i. [333], [335], [336].
  • Gordon's interviews with Li at, ii. [292].
  • Gutzlaff's expedition to, i. [115].
  • [Massacre at]. See under Missionaries.
  • Peking campaign, base of Allied troops during, i. [351]; garrison left in, i. [355].
  • [Treaty of]. See under Treaties.
• Ting, Admiral, ii. [400], [408].
• Tông-chow, i. [219], [220].
• Tongking, French conquest of, ii. [326].
• Trade. See [Commerce].
• Treaties—
  • Alcock's stand for integrity of, ii. [101].
  • Anglo-German Agreement, ii. [467], [468], [473].
  • Calcutta Convention, ii. [312].
  • [Chefoo] Convention, negotiation and provisions of, ii. [275]-[280], [310], [311]; criticism of, ii. [280], [251]; ratification of, ii. [284], [287].
  • Disregard of, chronic, ii. [214], [359].
  • Fournier Convention, ii. [329].
  • Japan—Commodore Perry's, ii. [2]; Townsend Harris's, ii. [3], [5], [39], [99]; Sir J. Stirling's, ii. [4]; Lord Elgin's, ii. [5], [6], [99].
  • Li-Ito Convention, ii. [302], [303], [389], [408], [409].
  • Livadia, ii. [291].
  • "Most-favoured-nation" clause, ii. [3], [5], [6], [215], [232].
  • [Nanking], signing of, i. [75], [76]; Chinese hostility to, i. [78], [79], [91], [93], [97]; supplement to, i. [112]-[114]; English opposition to, i. [114]; working of, summed up by Alcock, i. [162], [411]-[428]; evaded by Chinese, i. [333], ii. [214]; restrictions of boundary imposed by, i. [415].
  • Peking (1860), i. [354]; (1886), ii. [310].
  • St Petersburg, ii. [293].
  • Shimonoseki, ii. [387], [418].
  • [Tientsin], ports opened by, i. [219]; signing of, i. [331], [334]; provisions of, i. [332], [341]; residence at Peking a stipulation of, i. [332]-[335]; Chinese view of, i. [334]-[336], [341], [342], [346], [348]; suspension of residence clause, i. [337], [346]; ratified at Peking, i. [354]; regarded as model for other Powers, ii. [6]; revision preparations, ii. [180]-[183]; revision discussed, ii. [211]-[218]; supplementary convention signed, ii. [218]; reviewed, ii. [219], [220]; not ratified, ii. [220], [221].
  • Toleration clauses, ii. [224], [225].
  • Yeh's contempt for, i. [333].
• Tsên-Yü-ying, ii. [270]-[273].
• Tsêng, the Marquis, negotiates ratification of Chefoo Convention, i. [284]-[287]; negotiates treaty at St Petersburg, ii. [293]; Annam negotiations, ii. [325]; member of Tsungli-Yamên, ii. [351].
• Tsêng Kwo-Chuan, i. [381], [391].
• Tsêng Kwo-fan, operations in Taiping Rebellion, i. [381], [391], [393]; memorial regarding revision of treaty, ii. [184]; intercourse with foreigners, ii. [189]; action in Yangchow affair, ii. [199]-[203]; action regarding Tientsin massacre, ii. [240], [243]; volunteer levies under, ii. [377]; characteristics of, ii. [378]; expulsion of foreigners suggested by, ii. [464] note.
• Tsushima, designs on, attributed to British, ii. [108], [109], [111]; to French, ii. [110]; Russian occupation of, ii. [111]-[114].
• Tsingpu affair, i. [129]-[135], [415], [423], [424].
• Tso Tsung-tang, ii. [291], [278], [279].
• [Tsungli-Yamên]. See under China.
• Tuan, Prince, characteristic action of (1900), ii. [437]; progeny of, not in the succession, ii. [456]; relations of, with Empress Regent obscure, ii. [460].
• Tun, Prince, imperial claims of son of, ii. [263]; grandson of, nominated heir-apparent, ii. [460].
• Tungchih, Emperor, i. [397], ii. [260]-[262].
• Tycoon of Japan, Lord Elgin's treaty with, ii. [6], [7]; guards of, at foreign legations, ii. [36], [38], [44], [51]-[53]; Daimios' relation to, ii. [38]-[41], [60]-[65], [67], [68], [76], [93]; autograph letter to the Queen, ii. [46]; the Queen's reply, ii. [48]; envoys sent by, to Great Britain, ii. [48], [49]; second mission, ii. [74], [75]; Mikado's relation to, ii. [71]-[73], [85], [92]; regret at Alcock's recall, ii. [88].
• United States. See [America].
• Vatican, appeal to, ii. [343].
• 'Village Life in China' cited, ii. [368].
• Vladivostock, Russian acquisition of, i. [358]; Czarevitch at, ii. [323].
• Wade, Sir Thomas, action in Taiping Rebellion, i. [138], ii. [133]; Inspector of Customs at Shanghai, i. [154]; at Peking with Alcock (1865), ii. [131]; career and characteristics of, ii. [132]-[134]; views of, on Maritime Customs Inspectorship, ii. [163], [164]; on supplementary convention to Tientsin treaty, ii. [220]; chargé d'affaires at Peking, ii. [239], [244]; views of, on audience of foreign Ministers, ii. [261], [262]; negotiations regarding Margary case, ii. [270]-[275], 278; negotiates Chefoo Convention, ii. [275]-[279]; views of, on Chinese legislation, ii. [279].
• Ward, Mr, i. [382].
• Weihai-wei—
  • British seizure of, ii. [434].
  • Chinese forlorn hope at, i. [222], [301].
  • Early exploration of, i. [222].
  • Fortifications of, ii. [397].
• Wênsiang, member of Tsungli-Yamên, i. [360]; discredited by Lay-Osborn flotilla fiasco, i. [389], ii. [375], [391]; intimate relations with British Legation, ii. [134], [135]; concurs in strong measures against rioters, ii. [207]; dislike of Hongkong, ii. [216]; circular regarding control of missions attributed to, ii. [246]; efforts regarding Pei-t'ang Cathedral, ii. [342]; high qualities of, ii. [374]-[376].
• Westminster Hospital, Alcock's work for, ii. [478]-[480].
• Winchester, Consul, on Japanese currency, ii. [18], [23].
• Wolseley, Lieutenant-Colonel, i. [371], [373].
• Wu, i. [151], [434], [435].
• Wusung—
  • Challenger on the bar at, i. [236].
  • Hong captured at, ii. [301].
  • Opium trade at, i. [193].
  • Thirty mile radius, included in, i. [372], [376].
• Yakub-beg, ii. [290], [291].
• Yangchow riot, ii. [198]-[203], [207].
• Yangtze river—
  • Advance of 200 miles up (1842), i. [74]; Lord Elgin's voyage to Hankow (1858), i. [347], [370].
  • Blockade of, suggested, i. [430].
  • Opening of, i. [223], [369], [373].
• Yedo—
  • Alcock's arrival at, ii. [15]-[17].
  • [British Legation]. See under Great Britain.
  • Choshiu's establishment at, destroyed, ii. [83].
  • Hostility to foreigners, ii. [35].
  • Legations, withdrawal of, to Yokohama, ii. [36]; foreign guards at, ii. [45]; improved residence for, ii. [50].
  • Social conditions in, ii. [122].
• Yeh, Viceroy, evades demands for right of entry into Canton, i. [160]; hostile to native shipowners, i. [309]; asks British aid against Taipings, i. [312]; attitude towards foreigners, i. [312]-[314]; offers reward for English heads, i. [317]; contemptuous of treaties, i. [333]; superseded, i. [342]; capture and death of, i. [328].
• Yerburgh, Mr, ii. [427].
• Yokohama—
  • Foreigners' residence prepared by Japanese at, ii. [13]; improved, ii. [90].
  • Garrison of British troops in, ii. [77], [78], [84].
  • Legations' withdrawal to, during assassination period, ii. [36].
  • Merchants' preference for, to Kanagawa, i. [18], [122], [123].
  • Tycoon's inability to maintain order in, ii. [74].
• Yuan Shih-kai, ii. [406].
• Yunnan—
  • Burmese expedition and murder of Mr Margary, ii. [266], [267]; negotiations regarding, ii. [267]-[276]; settlement of affair, ii. [278].
  • Rebellion in, ii. [290].