INDEX

Adrianus Tollius on stone axes, [203].
Air criminally poisoned by us, [260].
Albedo explained, [162].
Algol and its companion, [39];
change of colour of, [41].
Allen, Prof. F.J., on living matter, [193];
on importance of nitrogen, [195];
on physical conditions essential for life, [196].
Alpha Centauri, nearest star, [74].
Ammonia, importance of, to life, [195].
Anaximander's cosmic theory, [2].
Angles of a minute and second, [80].
Arcturus, rapid motion of, [172].
Argument of book, summary of, [310].
Astronomers, the first, [2].
Astronomy, the new, [24].
Astrophysics, a new science, [32].
Atmosphere, qualities requisite for life, [210];
requisite composition of, [212];
aqueous vapour in, [214];
and life, [243];
effects of density of, [245];
a complex structure, [259];
its vital importance to us, [260].
Ball, Sir R., on dark stars, [143];
Time and Tide, [233].
Barnham, S.W., on double stars, [123].
Blue of sky due to dust, [251].
Boeddicker's map of Milky Way, [164].
Brewster, Sir D., against Whewell, [15].
Campbell, Prof., on spectroscopic binaries, [125];
on uncertainty of sun's motions, [179];
on number of binary systems, [286].
Carbon compounds, vast numbers of, [194].
Carbonic acid gas essential for life, [196].
Central position of sun, importance of, [305].
Chaldeans the first astronomers, [2].
Chalmers Dr., on plurality of worlds, [13].
Chamberlin, T.C., origin of nebulæ, [120];
on stellar disruption, [186].
Chromosphere, the sun's, [107].
Clerke, Miss A.M., on limits of star system, [138];
on Milky Way, [158], [160];
on solar cluster, [165];
on uncertainty of the sun's motion, [177].
Climate, persistence of mild, [222].
Clouds, importance of, to life, [248].
Clusters in relation to Galaxy, [67].
Comte, on impossibility of real knowledge of the stars, [25].
Conclusions of the book, [317];
bearing of, on science and on religion, [319].
Corona of sun, [108].
Criticisms of article in Fortnightly Review, [168], [180].
Darwin, Prof. G., on meteoritic hypothesis, [133];
on origin of moon, [233];
on instability of annular systems, [295].
Day and night, uses of, [215].
Diagrams of star-distribution, [62], [66].
Diffraction-gratings, [30].
Disruption of stellar bodies, [187].
Doppler principle, the, [37].
Double stars, evolution of, [123];
not fitted for life, [286].
Dust, importance of, [249].
Dust-free air, results of, [254].
Earth, first measured, [5];
in relation to life, [218];
the only habitable planet, [262];
cannot retain hydrogen, [264];
supposed extreme conditions of, [271].
Earth's mass, how related to life, [265].
Ecliptic, obliquity of, in relation to life, [219].
Electricity, effects of atmospheric, [257];
atmospheric, how caused, [258].
Elements, change in spectra of, [129];
in the sun, [184];
in meteorites, [185];
in organic structures, [201].
Empedocles an early astronomer, [3].
Eudoxus on motions of planets, [3].
Evolution of the stars, [128].
Explanations of life-processes, [202].
Faculæ of sun, [105].
Fisher, Rev. O., on oceanic basins, [234];
on thin sub-oceanic crust, [237].
Fizeau measures speed of light, [79].
Flammarion, C., on universality of life, [274], [281].
Fontenelle on plurality of worlds, [9].
Galileo on star measurement, [74].
Geological climates, [222].
Geologists on duration of sun's heat, [275].
Germinal vesicle, M'Kendrick on, [202].
Gill, Sir D., on systematic star-motions, [178].
Globular clusters, stability of, [126];
and variables, [127].
Gore, Mr. J.E., on stars in Galaxy, [60];
on mass of binary stars, [97];
on remoteness of bright stars, [140];
on limits of star system, [145];
on limited number of stars, [151];
on life on planets of other suns, [282], [289].
Gould on solar cluster, [165].
Gould's map of Milky Way, [164].
Gravitation, motions produced by, on Lord Kelvin's hypothesis, [298].
Haliburton, Professor W.D., on proteids, [200].
Heat and cold on earth's surface, [207].
Heat-supply, our long-continued, accounted for, [305].
Herschel, Sir J., on Milky Way, [50];
on limits of the star-system, [147].
Heliometer, description of, [89].
Huggins, Sir W., on spectra of stars, [32];
measures radial motion, [37].
Huxley, Prof., on protoplasm, [198];
on duration of life, [278].
Hydrogen, why not in atmosphere, [240];
escapes from earth, [264].
Infinity, unknowable, [323];
Proctor on, [324].
Jupiter's satellites show speed of light, [79].
Kapteyn on solar cluster, [166].
Kelvin, Lord, on the sun's age, [279];
on a suggested primitive form of star-system, [298].
Kirchhoff, discovers spectrum-analysis, [28].
Laws of matter uniform throughout universe, [187].
Leaves, importance of, [197].
Lee, Dr., on origin of double stars, [123].
Lewis, on remote bright stars, [141].
Life, unity of organic, [189];
definitions of, [191];
conditions essential for, [206];
water essential for, [210];
atmosphere for, [210];
dependent on temperature, [218];
now improbable in stars, [288];
conditions essential for, summarised, [314].
Life-processes, explanations of, [202].
Light, velocity of measured, [79];
necessity of solar, [209];
from sky due to dust, [252].
Light-journey explained, [75].
Light-ratio shows stars to be limited, [152].
Living bodies, essential points in, [192].
Lockyer, Sir. N., on inorganic evolution, [117];
on evolution of stars, [130];
on Milky Way, [159];
on position of solar system, [161].
Luigi d'Auria on stellar motion, [306].
M'Kendrick, Prof., on germinal vesicle, [202].
Magnetism and sun-spots, [106].
Man, Shakespeare on, [322].
Mars, has no water, [266];
excessive temperatures on, [267].
Matter of universe uniform, [183].
Maunder on dark stars, [143].
Maxwell Hall, Mr., on star-motions, [178].
Measurement of star-distances, [85];
difficulty of, [86].
Mercury not habitable, [266].
Meteorites, elements in, [185];
not primitive bodies, [186].
Meteoritic hypothesis, [113];
Proctor on, [114];
explains nebulæ, [116];
Dr. Roberts on, [119].
Milky Way, the, [48];
form of, [51], [159];
description of, [52];
telescopic view of, [57];
stars in relation to, [59];
Mr. Gore on, [60];
density of stars in, [61];
clusters and nebulæ in relation to, [67];
probable distance of, [96];
forms a great circle, [157], [162];
Prof. Newcomb on, [158];
probably no life in, [284];
diagrams of, [300];
revolution of, important to us, [307].
Million, how to appreciate a, [82].
Minchin, G.M., on radiation from stars, [290].
Monck, Mr. W.H.S., on non-infinity of stars, [144];
on uncertainty of sun's motion, [177].
Moon, why no atmosphere, [263].
Moon's supposed origin, [233].
Motion, in line of sight, [35].
Motions, imperceptible, [39].
Nebulæ, with gaseous spectra, [43];
in relation to Galaxy, [66];
distribution of, [69];
many forms of, [70];
gaseous, [71];
meteoritic theory of, [116];
planetary and annular, [175];
Dr. Roberts on spiral, [117], [174];
Chamberlin on origin of, [120].
Nebular hypothesis, [98], [111];
objection to, [112].
Newcomb, Prof. S., on star distribution, [61];
on parallax of stars, [94];
on stability of star clusters, [126];
on scarcity of single stars, [128];
on limits of star system, [138];
on Milky Way, [158], [160];
on solar cluster, [167];
on star velocities, [171];
on average small mass of stars, [285];
on star-motions, [297].
Newton, Sir Isaac, on sun's habitability, [9].
Nichols, E.F., on heat of stars, [290].
Nitrogen, its importance to life, [195].
Non-habitability of great planets, [272].
Ocean and land, diagram of, [228].
—— basins, permanence of, [229].
—— —— symmetry of, [238].
—— depths, how produced, [232].
Oceans, effect of, on temperature, [239];
curious relations of, [264].
Organic products, diversity of, [195].
Photographic astronomy, [43];
measures of star-distances, [89].
Photosphere, the, [105].
Physicists on sun's duration, [278].
Pickering's measurements of Algol, [40].
Planets, supposed habitability of, [266], [269];
the great, uninhabitable, [272];
internal heat of great, [273];
a last argument for habitability of, [274];
have probably no life, [315].
Planets' motions first explained, [3];
mass and atmosphere, [262].
Pleiades, number of stars in, [67];
a drifting cluster, [177].
Plurality of worlds, early writers on, [9];
Proctor on, [18].
Posidonius measures the earth, [5].
Pritchard's photographic measures of star-distance, [89].
Proctor, R.A., on other worlds, [18];
on form of Galaxy, [51];
on Herschel's views, [101];
on stellar universe, [103];
on meteoritic theory, [114];
on infinities, [136];
on star-drift, [176];
on life under varied conditions, [271];
on infinity, [324].
Proctor's Old and New Astronomy, [46];
chart of stars, [60].
Prominences of sun, [107].
Proteids, formation of, [199];
Prof. Haliburton on, [200].
Protoplasm, complexity of, [194];
a mechanism, [198];
sensibility of, to heat, [208].
Ptolemaic system of the heavens, [4].
Radial motion, [35].
Radiation from stars, [290].
Rain in the Carboniferous age, [225];
dependent on dust, [249].
Ramsay, Prof., on geological climates, [278].
Ranyard, on star-discs, [98];
on infinite universe, [137];
on mass of Orion nebula, [173].
Religious bearing of my conclusions, [319].
Reproduction, marvel of, [201].
Reversing layer of sun, [107].
Roberts, A.W., on birth of double stars, [123].
—— Dr. I., on limits of star-system, [148];
on spiral nebulæ, [117];
on meteoritic theory, [119];
photographs of nebulæ, [45], [174].
Roche limit explained, [120], [187].
Sanderson, Prof. Burdon, on living matter, [192].
Scientific and agnostic opinion on my conclusions, [318].
Secchi's classification of stars, [33].
Single stars perhaps rare, [128].
Solar apex, position of, [176].
Solar cluster, the, [165];
diagram showing, [300];
evidence for, [302];
importance to us, [306]-[7], [312].
Solar system, position of, [304].
Sorby on constitution of meteorites, [186].
Spectra, varieties of, [34];
of elements, changes in, [129].
Spectroscopic binaries, abundance of, [125];
great numbers of, [286].
Spectrum analysis, discovery of, [26].
Spencer, H., on status of nebulæ, [102].
Spiral nebulæ, origin of, [120].
Stars, proved to be suns, [32];
invisible, [39];
classification of, [33];
spectroscopic double, [42];
distribution of the, [47];
number of visible, [48];
description of Milky Way, [52];
in relation to Milky Way, [59];
distances of, [74];
measurement of distance of, [85];
mass of binary, [97];
evolution of double, [122];
spectroscopic double, [123];
clusters of, [125];
evolution of the, [128];
classification of, [130];
the hottest, [131];
when cooling give more heat, [132];
cycle of evolution and decay, [133];
supposed infinite number of, [135];
not infinite, [138];
law of diminishing numbers of, [149];
systematic motions of, [178];
in relation to life, [282], [287];
possible use of their emanations, [289].
Star-clusters and variables, [127].
Star-density, diagram of, [66].
Star-drift, Proctor on, [176].
Starlight, electrical measure of, [290];
possible uses of, [292].
Star-motions, Prof. Newcomb on, [297].
Star-system, limited, [145];
stability of, [295];
supposed primitive form of, [297].
Stellar motion, Luigi d'Auria on, [306].
—— universe, shape of, [49];
unity of, [100];
evolution of, [103];
diagrams of, [300].
Stoney, Dr., on atmospheres and gravity, [263].
Sun, a typical star, [104];
brightness of, [104];
heat of, [104];
surface of, [105];
surroundings of, [106]-[110];
corona of, [108];
colour of, [111];
elements in, [184].
Sun's distance, measure of, [76].
—— heat, supposed limits of, [275].
—— life, all required to develop earth-life, [280].
—— motion through space, [91], [169].
—— —— uncertain, [177].
Sun-spots, nature of, [105].
Symmetry of oceans, cause of, [238].
Temperature, essential for life, [206];
equalised by water, [239];
as regards life on planets, [267].
Tennyson on man and the universe, [325].
Uniformity of matter, [183].
Unity of stellar universe, [100].
Universe of stars, how its form has affected our sun and earth, [308].
Universe not disproportionate if man is its sole product, [320].
Venus, radial motions of, [38];
diagram of transit of, [77];
life barely possible on, [266];
adverse climatic conditions of, [268].
Water, an essential for life, [210];
its amount and distribution, [227];
an equaliser of temperature, [239].
Wave-lengths, how measured, [31].
Whewell, on plurality of worlds, [8], [15];
on man as the highest product of the universe, [14].
Whittaker, Mr. E.T., on gravitative and electro-dynamical forces, [296].
Winds, importance of, to life, [246].
Zodiacal light, [109].

Printed by T. and A. Constable, Printers to His Majesty,

at the Edinburgh University Press

[THE NEBULÆ AND CLUSTERS OF THE NORTHERN HEAVENS.]
Drawn upon an equal surface projection from Dr. DREYER'S catalogue of 1888.
The Milky Way from a Dr. BOEDDICKER'S Drawing.
By SIDNEY WATERS

[THE NEBULÆ AND CLUSTERS OF THE SOUTHERN HEAVENS.]
Drawn upon an equal surface projection from Dr. DREYER'S catalogue of 1888.
The Milky Way from URANOMETRIA ARGENTINA.
By SIDNEY WATERS