Section D.
o. Macareus group.
89. Papilio Veiovis, Hewitson.
P. Veiovis, Hew. Ex. Butt. Pap. pl. 7. f. 20 (♂).
Hab. Menado (Celebes) (“Coll. Hewitson.”).
Remark.—This fine new species has been recently received from Menado, and seems best placed in this group, near P. Encelades.
90. Papilio Encelades, Boisduval.
P. Encelades, Bd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 376; Hewitson, Ex. Butt. Pap. pl. 4. f. 10 (♂).
Hab. Macassar (Celebes) (Wall.).
91. Papilio Deucalion, Boisduval.
P. Deucalion, Bd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 375; Hewitson, Ex. Butt. Pap. pl. 4. f. 11 (♀).
Hab. Macassar, Menado (Celebes) (Wall.).
Remarks.—At Macassar I took only males of P. Encelades, and females of P. Deucalion at the same spot (a half-dry river-bed), and therefore conjectured that they might be sexes of one species, although so unlike. Some years afterwards, however, I took at Menado a fine male of P. Deucalion, which only differs in its rather smaller size and brighter colouring.
92. Papilio Idæoides, Hewitson.
P. Idæoides, Hew. Ex. Butt. Pap. pl. 1. f. 2.
Hab. Philippine Islands (♂) (Brit. Mus.).
Remark.—This singular species must closely resemble on the wing Hestia Leuconoë, from the same islands.
93. Papilio Delessertii, Guérin.
P. Delessertii, Guér.; Deless. Souvenirs, t. 17.
Hab. Pulo Penang (Hope Museum, Oxford).
Remark.—This resembles the species of Hestia and Idæopsis, from the same locality, and is intermediate in size. It has been confounded with the next.
94. Papilio Dehaanii, Wallace.
P. Laodocus, De Haan, Verh. Nat. Gesch. t. 8. f. 5 (nec Fab.); P. Melanides, Erichs. Archiv für Natur. 1843 (nec De Haan, 1839).
Hab. Malacca, Borneo (Wall.), Java (Leyden Mus.).
Remarks.—The Bornean specimens are rather larger, and have the yellow anal spot somewhat differently shaped. The two names which have been applied to this species having been preoccupied, I have named it after the first describer.
95. Papilio Leucothoë, Westwood.
P. Leucothoë, Westw. Arc. Ent. pl. 79. f. 3; P. Xenocles, var., Brit. Mus. List of Pap.
Hab. Singapore, Malacca (Wall.), N. India.
96. Papilio Macareus, Godart.
P. Macareus, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. pl. 76; Horsf. Desc. Cat. Lep. E. 1. C. pl. 5. f. 1; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 374.
P. striatus, Zink. Beitr. Ins. Java, t. 14. f. 5.
Hab. Malacca (Wall.), Java (Horsfield), Borneo (Leyden Mus.).
This species closely resembles Danais Aglaë, Cr., found in the same islands.
97. Papilio Stratocles, Felder.
P. Stratocles, Feld. Lép. Nov. Philipp, p. 2.
Hab. Mindanao (Philippines).
98. Papilio Thule, n. s. Tab. VII. fig. 1 (♂).
Form of P. Macareus, but smaller.
Above:—brown-black, spotted and marked with greenish white; a row of spots near the outer margin of all the wings, and on the upper wings a second row between the first and the end of the cell, three or four others close to the cell, and 5–7 irregularly placed in the cell; the spot next the outer angle is double, and the two lower spots of the second row are continued indistinctly to the cell. The lower wings have a mark at the end of the cell, and five elongated spots radiating from it between the nervures.
Beneath:—brown, with the spots all whiter and more distinct. Neck with four white points; abdomen dusky, with pale lines on the sides and beneath.
Expanse of wings 3¾ inches.
Hab. New Guinea (♂) (Wall.).
Variety or local form a.—Like the above, but with the discal spots of the lower wings united into a transverse band divided by fine nervures.
Hab. Waigiou Island (♂) (Wall.).
This species imitates Danais sobrina, Bd., a New Guinea species. The figure represents the upper surface of both forms of this insect.
p. Antiphates group.
99. Papilio Antiphates, Cramer.
P. Antiphates, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 72, f. A, B; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 248.
P. Pompilius, Fab.; Lucas, Lep. Ex. t. 22. f. 1; Godt. Enc. Méthod, ix. p. 49.
P. Alcibiades, Fab.; Godt. Enc. Méthod, ix. p. 49.
Hab. India, China (“type”).
Local form a.—Podalirius Pompilius, Sw. Zool. Ill. 2nd ser. pl. 105.
Hab. Malacca, Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Wall.).
These differ from the type in the black apical portion not quite reaching the outer angle, and in the first and second bands on the upper wings not extending below the cell. The fourth band varies in extent, as does the amount of grey colouring in the caudal region.
100. Papilio Euphrates, Felder.
P. Euphrates, Feld. Lep. Nov. Philipp. p. 12; P. Coretes, Brit. Mus. List of Papilionidæ (no description).
Hab. Philippine Islands.
101. Papilio Androcles, Boisduval. Tab. VII. fig. 5 (♂).
P. Androcles, Bd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 279.
Hab. Macassar (Celebes) (Wall.).
Remarks.—I only met with this magnificent species on one occasion, on the banks of a mountain-stream and on the sands close to a waterfall. When resting on the ground, the very long white tails are raised up at a considerable angle, and are very conspicuous.
102. Papilio Dorcus, De Haan.
P. Dorcus, De Haan, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Zool. t. 7. f. 4.
Hab. Gorontalo (N. Celebes) (“Leyden Museum”).
103. Papilio Rhesus, Boisduval.
P. Rhesus, Bd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 253.
Hab. Macassar (Celebes) (Wall.). “Bengal,” the locality given by Boisduval, is erroneous.
104. Papilio Aristæus, Cramer.
P. Aristæus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 318, f. E, F; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 252.
Hab. Ceram, Batchian (Wall.).
105. Papilio Parmatus, G. R. Gray.
P. Parmatus, G. R. Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. pl. 3. f. 2.
Hab. Aru Islands, Waigiou (Wall.), Australia (Brit. Mus.).
Remarks.—The Aru specimen agrees almost exactly with the type specimen in the British Museum. The Waigiou insect is rather darker on the under surface, and has the black markings more sharply defined.
q. Eurypylus group.
106. Papilio Codrus, Cramer.
P. Codrus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 179. f. A, B; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 228.
Hab. Amboyna and Ceram (type) (♂, ♀) (Wall.).
Local form a (Gilolensis).—Differs from the true P. Codrus in having always an additional semiovate spot below the submedian nervure, and in having a small round spot on the anterior margin of the lower wings beneath: it is also rather smaller.
Hab. Batchian and Gilolo (Wall.)
Subspecies b (Celebensis).—Fore wings in the male more attenuate, with the costal margin more curved than in true P. Codrus; upper surface more green and glossy; an additional large quadrate spot on the inner margin of the fore wings. Under surface lighter brown, the whitish marks near the anal angle wanting; a dark subtriangular band across the cell of the fore wings. Rather smaller than P. Codrus.
Hab. Celebes, Sulla Islands (Wall.).
Subspecies c (Papuensis).—Hind wings less elongate than in the true P. Codrus; macular band much broader, and reaching the inner margin of the upper wings, the lower portion divided by nervures only; the band continued on the lower wings by means of an obscure white fascia.
Beneath, the greenish white band continues on to the lower wings, but gradually fades away after reaching the cell. Expanse of wings 4¼ inches.
Hab. Waigiou, Aru Island (Wall.).
Remarks.—This approaches the next species. Subspecies b and c I consider to be really as distinct as many universally received species, differing in form and in several points of coloration. As, however, it is probable that there are forms in other islands which may present intermediate characters, I prefer retaining the whole under the old specific name.
107. Papilio Melanthus, Felder.
P. Melanthus, Feld. Lep. Nov. Philipp. p. 12.
Hab. Mindanao (Philippines).
108. Papilio Empedocles, Fabricius.
P. Empedocles, Fab. Ent. Syst. iii. 1. p. 70; Don. Ins. Ind. pl. 17. f. 1; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 229.
Hab. Borneo (Wall.).
109. Papilio Payeni, Boisduval.
P. Payeni, Bd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 235; Van der Hoeven, Tijd. von Nat. Gesch. v. t. 8, f. 1, 2, 6.
Hab. Borneo (Wall.), Java (Van der Hoeven).
Remarks.—This remarkable species has been placed by Boisduval in a group by itself. It, however, agrees very closely in habits and structure with this group, and can hardly, I think, be separated, though very abnormal in colouring. P. Evan, Db., is a closely allied species from India; and P. Gyas, Westw., from the same country, is also nearly related, though it has been hitherto placed in another section of the genus.
110. Papilio Sarpedon, Linnæus.
P. Sarpedon, L.; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 122. f. D, E.; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 235.
Chlorisses Sarpedon, Sw. Zool. Ill. 2nd ser. pl. 89.
Hab. Borneo, Sumatra (typical), New Guinea, Aru Is. (darker), Java (broader band) (Wall.).
Local form a (Moluccensis, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 122. f. D, E).—Black, with the bands and spots rich blue.
Hab. Ceram, Batchian, Gilolo, Bouru (Wall.). (The Ceylon form closely resembles this.)
111. Papilio Miletus, n. s. Tab. VII. fig. 2 (♂).
Wings larger and more falcate than in P. Sarpedon, costal margin abruptly curved near the base of the wing.
Above, black; macular band rich blue, very narrow, the spots on the upper wings all more or less rounded and separated by thick black bands; the marginal lunules large and angularly bent.
Beneath, the upper wings have a row of four pearly-white lunules from the outer angle; and there is one of the same colour at the outer angle of the lower wings, which have also an additional red spot on the margin of the cell, below the first branch of the subcostal nervure. Expanse of wings 4¾ inches.
Hab. Macassar and Menado (Celebes) (Wall.).
Remarks.—I have separated this species from all the other forms of P. Sarpedon, because, while they differ in markings and colour only, this differs greatly in form as well as very strikingly in size, colour, and markings. I cannot conceive, therefore, why such a combination of distinctive peculiarities should not entitle it to specific rank.
112. Papilio Wallacei, Hewitson.
P. Wallacei, Hew. Ex. Butt., “Papilio,” iii. f. 7.
Hab. Aru Islands, Batchian (Wall.).
Remark.—This isolated species is very rare: I obtained a single male specimen in each of the above localities in the virgin forest.
113. Papilio Bathycles, Zinken.
P. Bathycles, Zink. Beitr. Ins. Java, p. 157, tab. 14. f. 6, 7; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 232.
Hab. Java, Borneo, Malacca (Wall.).
Remark.—The Indian form generally confounded with this I consider to be a very distinct species, for which I propose the name of P. Chiron, and add a description below[[15]].
[15]. Papilio Chiron, n. s.
P. Bathycles (partly), Brit. Mus. List of Papilionidæ.
Very near P. Bathycles, Zinken. Fore wings rather broader at the tip; hind wings considerably less elongate posteriorly.
Above:—fore wings have the three larger green spots separated by broad black spaces, the first produced towards the base of the wing, the second notched above; the fourth spot in the cell much more linear. Hind wings have the green markings more elongate and narrower, and an additional narrow mark at the abdominal margin.
Beneath, the spots all separated by broad black lines; the abdominal stripe, which is quite wanting in P. Bathycles, larger than above; an ochre-yellow spot on the hind wings, near the base of the inner margin (absent in P. Bathycles); the submarginal pale spots larger, and the row of reddish-ochre spots less developed. Expanse of wings 3⅓ inches.
Hab. Assam, Sylhet.
114. Papilio Eurypylus, Linnæus.
P. Eurypylus, L.; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 122. f. C, D; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 233.
Hab. Amboyna (type), Ceram, Bouru, Batchian, New Guinea (Wall.).
Remark.—The male has the abdomen above and abdominal margin white; the female blackish.
115. Papilio Jason, Esper.
P. Jason, Esp. Ausl. Schmett. t. 58. f. 5; P. Jason, L.? P. Eurypylus, var., Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 233.
Hab. Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo (♂, ♀) (Wall.).
Remarks.—This species is readily distinguished from P. Eurypylus by the abdomen above, and the abdominal margin, being black in both sexes, by the smaller size, more pointed upper wings, and by the lower wings having a narrower band and larger spots. of a deeper green colour. On the under surface the marginal lunules, the cell-spots, and sub-basal stripe are all larger.
Variety or dimorphic form a.—Evemon, Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 234.
Hab. Malacca, Java, Sumatra, Borneo (♂, ♀). (Wall.)
This may be a distinct species, but is more probably a case of dimorphism. The two forms are absolutely identical, except that the red spot at the base of the lower wings beneath, in P. Jason, is constantly absent in P. Evemon.
116. Papilio Telephus, n. s. Tab. VII. fig. 4 (♂).
Larger than P. Eurypylus; anterior wings more elongated, with their costal margin abruptly curved near the base.
Above, the four spots in the cell of the upper wings linear, of equal width, not increasing in thickness from the base outwards, as in P. Eurypylus; the macular band narrower, nearly white on the lower wings; abdomen and abdominal margin pure white.
Beneath, the red anal spot is not produced upwards along the abdominal margin, the pearly spots have a distinct dusky border, owing to their exceeding in size those on the upper surface. Expanse of wings 4¼ inches.
Hab. Celebes (Wall.).
Remarks.—This is a powerful species of very rapid flight, and difficult to capture. It comes about muddy places in the villages of South Celebes, and is also found abundantly at pools in the half-dry mountain-streams. I consider it quite distinct from all the allied forms.
117. Papilio Ægistus, Linnæus.
P. Ægistus, L.; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 241. f. C, D; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 231.
Hab. Ceram, Gilolo, Batchian, Aru Islands (Wall.)
118. Papilio Agamemnon, Linnæus.
P. Agamemnon, L.; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 106. f. C, D; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 230.
This species presents numerous slight modifications of form and marking, which seem hardly prominent enough to characterize as species, though tolerably constant in each locality. Type tailed.
Hab. India, Manilla.
Local form a. Tail shorter; wings rather pointed.
Hab. Timor, Flores (Wall.).
Local form b. Tail as in the last; two outer rows of spots on the lower wings absent.
Hab. Ké Island (Wall.).
Local form c. Size small; tail very short.
Hab. Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, Java (Wall.).
Local form d. Wings much elongated, abruptly curved near the base; tail very short; size large.
Hab. Celebes (Wall.).
Local form e. Broader and less sinuated wings, body large, tail very short.
Hab. Ceram, Bouru, Batchian (Wall.).
Local form f. Form of c; tail reduced to a tooth; markings and spots well defined, rounded.
Hab. New Guinea, Aru Islands, Waigiou (Wall.).
119. Papilio Rama, Felder.
P. Rama, Feld. Lep. Nov. Mal. p. 1. P. Arycles, Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 231?
Hab. Malacca, Sumatra (Wall.).
Remarks.—I have little doubt but this is the P. Arycles of Boisduval. His description, however, does not mention the distinctive character of the four large spots only in the discoidal cell; I have therefore used Dr. Felder’s name.