INDEX.
- A.
- Abrus precatoria, perhaps a case of mimicry, [226]
- Absorption-colours or pigments, [183]
- Acræidæ, warning colours of, [174]
- Adaptive characters, [150], [155]
- Affinities, how to determine doubtful, [148]
- African large mammalia, recent immigrants, [323]
- Allen, Mr. Grant, on protective colours of fruits, [225]
- Alpine flowers, why so beautiful, [232]
- Amboyna, large-sized butterflies of, [258]
- American monkeys, [118]
- American Continents, past history of, [332]
- Ancient races of North and South America, [298]
- Andaman Islands, pale butterflies of, [260]
- white-marked birds of, [263]
- Anderson, Mr. W. Marshall, on cranium from N. American mound, [296]
- Andes, very rich in humming-birds, [139]
- Animal colours, how produced, [184]
- life in tropical forests, [70]
- Anthribidæ, [95]
- Ants, wasps, and bees, [80]
- numbers of, in India and Malaya, [81]–[88]
- destructive to insect-specimens, [85]
- and vegetation, special relation between, [89]
- Apatura and Heterochroa, resemblance of species of, [257]
- Apes, [116]
- Aqueous vapour of atmosphere, its influence on temperature, [9]
- quantity at Batavia and Clifton, [10]
- Arctic plants, large leaves of, [236]
- flowers and fruits brightly coloured, [237]
- Areca palm, [45]
- Arenga saccharifera, [43]
- Argus-pheasant, wonderful plumage of, [205]
- Arums, [48]
- Assai of the Amazon, [43]
- Auckland Isles, handsome flowers of, [238]
- Audubon, on the ruby humming-birds, [130], [137]
- Australian Region, mammalia of, [340]
- birds of, [340]
- extinct fauna of, [341]
- its supposed union with S. America, [341]
- Azara, on food of humming-birds, [135]
- B.
- Bamboos, [52]
- uses of, [53]–[58]
- Bananas, wild, [47]
- Banana, [48]
- Barber, Mrs. on colour changes of pupa of Papilio nireus, [168]
- Barbets, [105]
- Bark, varieties of in tropical forests, [33]
- Barometer, range of, at Batavia, [24]
- Batavia, Meteorology of, [4]
- and London, diagram of mean temperatures, [5]
- greatest rainfall at, [24]
- range of barometer at, [24]
- Bates, Mr., on climate at the Equator, [24]
- on scarcity of forest-flowers on Amazon, [61]
- on animal life in Amazon valley, [70]
- on abundance of butterflies at Ega, [75]
- on importance of study of butterflies, [78]
- on leaf-cutting ants, [86]
- on blind ants, [88]
- on bird-catching spider, [97]
- on use of toucan’s bill, [106]
- on large serpents, [115]
- on the habits of humming-birds, [132]
- Bats, [118]
- Beetles, [94]
- abundance of, in New Forest-clearings, [96]
- probable use of horns of, [202]
- Belt, Mr., on virgin forests of Nicaragua, [62]
- on aspects of tropical vegetation, [67]
- on leaf-cutting ants, [86]
- on an Acacia inhabited by ants, [89]
- on uses of ants to the trees they live on, [90]
- on a leaf-like locust, [93]
- on tree-frogs, [116]
- on the habits of humming-birds, [133], [134]
- on uneatable bright-coloured frog, [175]
- on use of light of glow-worm, [205]
- Betel-nut, [45]
- Bill of humming-birds, [129]
- Biology, by-paths of, illustrated, [251]
- Birds, [99]
- how many known, [124]
- cases of local variation of colour among, [262]
- influence of locality on colours of, [255]
- which fertilize flowers, [273], [274]
- and insects blown to oceanic islands, [308]
- of Palæarctic Region, [316]
- of Ethiopian Region, [318]
- of Oriental Region, [320]
- Bonelli, Mr., on the Sappho comet humming-bird, [132]
- Bullock on food of humming-birds, [153]
- Buprestidæ, [94]
- Burchell, Dr., on the “stone mesembryanthemum,” [223]
- Butterflies, abundance of, in tropical forests, [72]
- conspicuousness of in tropical forests, [73]
- colours and form of, [74]
- peculiar habits of tropical, [76]
- tropical and temperate compared as to colour, [164]
- females do not choose their partners, [200]
- with gaily-coloured females, [204]
- numbers and variety of, [255]
- influence of locality on colours of, [255]
- Buttressed trees, [31]
- C.
- Calamus, [41]
- Callithea, imitated by species of Catagramma and Agrias, [257]
- Callithea markii, [75]
- Campylopterus hemileucurus, pugnacious and ornamental, [214]
- Cattleyas, [51]
- Cecropias, trees inhabited by ants, [89]
- Celebes, large and peculiarly formed butterflies of, [259]
- white-marked birds of, [263]
- Centipedes, [97]
- Ceylon and Malaya, resemblances of fauna of, [327]
- Chameleons, [113]
- Chameleon, cause of changes of its colour, [170]
- Chemical action changes colours, [183]
- Chili, humming-birds of, [141]
- Chiroptera, [119]
- Chrysobactron Rossii, [238]
- Clark, Rev. Hamlet on leaf-cutting ants, [86]
- Climate of Equator, general features of, [17]
- Climates of Timor, Angola, and Scotland compared, [14]
- Climbing plants of tropical forests, [37]
- uses of, [39]
- Cockatoos, [100]
- Cœlogynes, [51]
- Coloration of tropical birds, [110]
- Colour, cause of change of, in humming-birds, [144]
- Colour in nature, problems of, [159]
- how far constant, [161]
- as affected by heat and light, [161]
- of tropical birds, [163]
- of tropical butterflies, [164]
- of temperate and tropical flowers, [165]
- changes of, in animals produced by coloured light, [167]
- voluntary change of, in animals, [170]
- not usually influenced by coloured light, [171]
- Colour, the nature of, [180]
- how produced, [183]
- changed by heat, [183]
- a normal product of organization, [185]
- as a means of recognition, [196]
- proportionate to integumentary development, [198]
- not caused by female selection, [198]
- Colour absent in wind-fertilized flowers, [233]
- same theory of, in animals and plants, [234]
- of flowers and their distribution, [235]
- Colour, nomenclature of, formerly imperfect, [247]
- Colour-development as illustrated by humming-birds, [212]
- local causes of, [216]
- in animals, summary, [216]
- Colour-perception, supposed recent growth of, [244]
- Colour-sense, origin of the, [241]
- need for, [243]
- not of recent origin, [246]
- not wholly explicable, [248]
- Colours, classification of organic, [172]
- protective, [172]
- warning, [174]
- sexual, [177]
- typical, [179]
- of animals, how produced, [184]
- theory of protective, [187]
- theory of warning, [189]
- theory of sexual, [192]
- theory of typical, [215]
- Colours and ornaments of humming-birds, [127]
- Colours of fruits, attractive, [224]
- protective, [225]
- Colours, which first perceived, [243]
- Cometes sparganurus, very pugnacious, [214]
- Compositæ, arborescent in oceanic islands, [276]
- Continent, past changes of the great Eastern, [321]
- Continents of Tertiary period, probable aspect of, [343]
- Copridæ, [95]
- probable use of horns of, [202]
- Crematogaster, genus of ants, [83]
- Cross-fertilization of flowers, use of, [228]
- complex arrangements for, [229]
- Cuckoos, [104]
- D.
- Danaidæ, warning colours of, [174]
- Danainæ, Acræinæ and Heliconiinæ, local resemblances of, [256]
- Daphne pontica, [230]
- Darwin, Mr., on mode of cross-fertilization and its use, [228]
- not too highly rated, [252]
- on vegetation of Galapagos, [272]
- on use of scented leaves, [277]
- on former union of West Indian islands and S. America, [306]
- on oceanic islands, [307]
- revolution in thought effected by, [284]
- Deserts on line of tropics, [28]
- Desmoncus, [41]
- De Vry, Mr., on the sugar-palm, [43]
- Dews, cause of heavy tropical, [10]
- Diagram of mean temperature at Batavia and London, [5]
- of rainfall at Batavia and London, [15]
- Dianthus alpinus, D. glacialis, [232]
- Distribution of humming-birds, [138]
- Dragons or flying-lizards, [113]
- Drugs from equatorial forest-trees, [36]
- Duke-of-York Island, pale-coloured insects of, [259]
- Islands, remarkable white plumaged birds of, [263]
- Dyes from equatorial forest-trees, [36]
- Dynastidæ, [95]
- probable use of horns of, [202]
- E.
- Earl, Mr. George Windsor, on division of Malay Archipelago, [307]
- Earth-sculpture or surface-geology, [250]
- Earthworks, North American, [292]
- Easter Island, sculptures on, [291]
- Eciton, genus of foraging ants, [87]
- Elateridæ, luminous species perhaps mimetic, [205]
- Emperor-moth, protective coloration of, [174]
- Environment, relation of living things to, [254]
- Epicalia, sexes of, differently coloured, [178]
- Epilobium angustifolium, E. parviflorum, [233]
- Epimachinæ, [150]
- Equator, cause of uniform high temperature near, [6]
- short twilight at, [21]
- Equatorial climate, general features of, [17]
- uniformity of in all parts of the world, [18]
- local diversities of, [19]
- Equatorial forests, general features of, [29]
- Equatorial forest-belt, cause of, [27]
- Equatorial heavens, aspect of, [23]
- Equatorial zone, temperature of, [3]
- Ethiopian Region, [317]
- Eugenes fulgens, [134]
- Eunica and Siderone, resemblance of species of, [257]
- Euplœa, pale species of, in Moluccas and New Guinea, [258]
- Euro-Asiatic continent, Miocene fauna of, [323]
- Eustephanus, [141]
- Eustephanus galeritus, [143]
- Euterpe oleracea, [43]
- Evaporation and condensation, equalising effects of, [16]
- F.
- Female birds, greater brilliancy of some, [211]
- Female insects, greater brilliancy of some, [203]
- Ferns, [46]
- Ferns, preponderance of in Tahiti and Juan Fernandez, [269], [270]
- Fiji Islands, pale butterflies of, [259]
- Fire-ants, [83]
- Fishes, causes of general coloration of, [171]
- Flowering trunks, probable cause of, [34]
- Flowers, comparative scarcity of in equatorial forests, [60]
- Flowers and insects, [64]
- Flowers of temperate zones brilliantly coloured, [165]
- comparatively scarce in tropical forests, [167]
- Flowers, attractive colours of, [228]
- fertilized by insects, [228]
- attractive odours of, [230]
- when sweet-scented not conspicuously coloured, [230]
- attractive grouping of, [231]
- alpine, why so beautiful, [232]
- why allied species differ in beauty, [233]
- when wind-fertilized not coloured, [233]
- relation of colours of, to distribution, [235]
- and fruits, recent views as to action of light on, [236]
- Flowers of Auckland and Campbell’s Isles, bright-coloured, [238]
- Flying-lizards, [113]
- Foliage, two chief types of, in tropical forests, [33]
- colours of, [221]
- Foot of savages does not approach that of apes, [289] (note)
- Forest-belt, cause of equatorial, [27]
- Forest-belts, temperate, [29]
- Forest-tree, section of a Bornean, [32]
- formed from climbers, [32]
- Forest-trees, characteristics of, [30]
- Forest-trees of low growth, [34]
- Forest-trees, uses of equatorial, [35]
- Forests, effect of on rainfall and drought, [19]
- devastation caused by destruction of, [20]
- equatorial, [29]
- undergrowth of tropical, [34]
- Formica gigas, [81]
- Foxes, none in Isle of Wight in 1605, [305]
- Frogs and toads, [116]
- Frog, with bright colours uneatable, [175]
- Frogs of oceanic islands, [309]
- Fruit-bats, [119]
- Fruits of equatorial forest-trees, [36]
- Fruits, attractive colours of, [224]
- protective colours of, [225]
- greater antiquity of protected than attractive, [227]
- G.
- Galapagos, colours of productions of, [163]
- poor in flowers and insects, [235]
- weedy vegetation of, [272]
- Gardner, Dr., on a large water-boa, [115]
- Geckos, [112]
- Geiger, on ancient perception of colour, [245]
- Geranium pratense, G. pusillum, [233]
- Gibbons, [116]
- Ginger-worts, [47]
- Gladstone, Mr., on the colour-sense, [245]
- Glow-worm, use of its light, [205]
- Goliath cuckoo, [105]
- Gosse, Mr., on Jamaica humming-birds, [132], [135]
- on the pugnacity of humming-birds, [134]
- on food of humming-birds, [137]
- Gould, Mr., on the motions of humming-birds, [131]
- Grammatophyllums, [51]
- Green, why the most agreeable colour, [244]
- Grisebach, on cause of vivid colours of arctic flowers, [237]
- Guilielma speciosa, [42]
- Gums from equatorial forest-trees, [36]
- H.
- Habenaria chlorantha, [230]
- Habits of humming-birds, [130]
- Heat due to condensation of atmospheric vapour, [14]
- changes colours, [183]
- Heliconiinæ and Acræinæ, local resemblances of, [256]
- Hindostan and Africa, resemblances of fauna of, [328]
- Hooker, Sir J. on flowers of Auckland Isles, [238]
- on deficient odour of New Zealand flowers, [277]
- Hornbills, [107]
- Horns of beetles, probable use of, [202]
- Howling-monkeys, [118]
- Humming-birds, number of, [124], [133]
- distinctness of, [125], [129]
- structure of, [125]
- colours and ornaments of, [127]
- descriptive names of, [129]
- motions and habits of, [130]
- display of ornaments by males, [134]
- food of, [135]
- nests of, [137]
- geographical distribution and variation of, [138]
- of Juan Fernandez, [140]
- influenced by varied conditions in South America, [147]
- relations and affinities of, [148]
- sternum of, [151]
- eggs of, [152]
- feather-tracts of, [152]
- resemblance of swifts to, [152]
- nestlings of, [153]
- differences from sun-birds, [154]
- I.
- Iguanas, [113]
- Indian peninsula once an island, [325]
- ancient fauna of, [325]
- Insects, wingless, [97]
- general observations on tropical, [98]
- Insular plants and insects, relations of, [267]
- Interference-colours in animals, [184]
- Islands, influence of locality on colour in, [257]
- J.
- Jacamars, [105]
- Juan Fernandez, humming-birds of, [140]
- insects of, [270]
- abundance of humming-birds in, [273]
- L.
- Land and sea, peculiar distribution of, [311]
- existing distribution of, very ancient, [312]
- Leaf-insects, [92]
- Leaves, supposed use of odours of, [277]
- Lemuria, an hypothetical continent, not required, [328]
- Leopoldinia major, [45]
- Lepidoptera, diurnal, [72]
- Leptalis, a good case of mimicry, [189]
- Leptena erastus, [256]
- Light, theory of, as producing colours, [161]
- action of, on plants, [222]
- supposed direct action of, on colours of flowers and fruits, [236]
- Lizards, [111]
- Local causes of colour-development, [216]
- Locusts, richly-coloured tropical, [94]
- Longicorns, [95]
- Lophornis ornatus, very pugnacious, [214]
- Lord Howe’s Island, white rail in, [264]
- Lubbock, Sir John, on colour-perception in insects, [255]
- M.
- Macaws, [100]
- Madagascar, white-marked butterflies of, [260]
- Madagascar once united to Africa, [325]
- Madagascar and Malaya, resemblances of fauna of, [328]
- Male birds, origin of ornamental plumage of, [205]
- Male birds which incubate, [212]
- Male humming-birds produce a shriller sound, [215]
- Males, theory of display of ornaments by, [207]
- Malva sylvestris, M. rotundifolia, [233]
- Mammals, [116]
- Mammalia, supposed variations of, comparable to those of butterflies, [261]
- local resemblances of, in Africa, [262]
- Mammalia of Palæarctic Region, [315]
- of Ethiopian Region, [317]
- of Oriental Region, [319]
- of Miocene period in Euro-Asia, [321]
- Man, antiquity and origin of, [280]
- indications of extreme antiquity of, [285]
- highly developed at very early period, [286]
- antiquity of intellectual, [290]
- Mangroves, [58]
- Manicaria saccifera, [41]
- Mantidæ, [91]
- Mantis resembling an orchis-flower, [173]
- Marantaceæ, [47]
- Marmosets, [118]
- Marshall, Messrs. on barbets, [106]
- Martins, M. Charles, on increased size of leaves of arctic plants, [236]
- Mates readily found by birds, [200]
- Mauritia, palm, [40]
- Maximiliana regia, [41]
- Meiglyptes, [150]
- Meldola, Mr. R., on variable colouring in insects, [170]
- Meliphagidæ in Auckland Isles probably flower-fertilizers, [239]
- Melliss, Mr., on flora of St. Helena, [275]
- Migrations between N. America and Euro-Asia, [334]
- between N. America and South America, [335]
- Mesembryanthemum, stone, [223]
- Meteorological phenomena, intensity of, at the equator, [23]
- Mimicry, theory of, [189]
- Mimosa pudica, [59]
- Mivart, Professor, on animal origin of man, [284]
- on the divergent affinities of man and apes, [288]
- Mongredien, Mr., on showy and fragrant flowers, [230]
- Monkeys, [116]
- Monkeys and pigeons, [102]
- Moseley, Mr., on humming-birds of Juan Fernandez, [143]
- Moseley, Mr. H. N., on birds conveying seeds to islands, [268]
- Moths, conspicuously-coloured caterpillars of, uneatable, [175]
- Motmots, [105]
- Mott, Mr. Albert, on antiquity of intellectual man, [291]
- Mounds of N. America, antiquity of, [296]
- Mound-builders, a semi-civilized race, [297]
- Müller, Dr. Hermann, on fertilization of alpine flowers, [232]
- on fertilization of Martagon lily, [231]
- on variations of insect-fertilized flowers, [275]
- on differences of allied species of flowers, [233]
- Musa paradisiaca, [48]
- Musaceæ, [48]
- Mygale, a bird-catching spider, [97]
- Mysis chameleon, changes of colour of, [171]
- N.
- Nearctic Region, mammalia of, [329]
- birds of, [330]
- Neotropical region, mammalia of, [331]
- birds of, [332]
- Nests of humming-birds, [137]
- Newton, Professor, on appearance of living humming-birds, [130]
- New Zealand, poor in flowers and insects, [235]
- New World, regions of the, [329]
- North American earthworks, [292]
- Nuttall, Mr., on the rufous flame-bearer, [131]
- Nymphalidæ, local resemblances of species of distinct genera of, [257]
- O.
- Oceanic Islands, peculiar floras of, [269]
- theory of, [307]
- Odontomachus, genus of ants, [82]
- Odour deficient in New Zealand flowers, [277]
- Odours absorbed unequally by differently coloured stuffs, [266]
- of flowers attractive, [230]
- Œcodoma cephalotes, [85]
- Œcophylla smaragdina, [82]
- Ogle, Dr., on colour and sense-perception, [265]
- Oil from palms, [45]
- Oncidiums, [51]
- Optical theory of colour, [180]
- Orchids, [49]
- Oriental Region, [319]
- Ornamental humming-birds, the most pugnacious, [214]
- Ornaments, display of, by male humming-birds, [134]
- Orthoptera, [91]
- P.
- Palæarctic Region, [314]
- Palms, [40]
- height of, [41]
- climbing, [41]
- Palm-wine, [43]
- Palm-trees, uses and products of, [42]–46
- Pandanaceæ, [49]
- Papilio, pale varieties of, in Moluccas and New Guinea, [258]
- Papilionidæ and Nymphalidæ, local resemblances of, [255]
- Papilio nireus, changes of colour of pupa of, [168]
- Parrots, [99]
- red in Moluccas and New Guinea, [264]
- black in New Guinea and Madagascar, [264]
- Passeres, [108]
- Phyllostoma, [120]
- Phasmidæ, [91]–93
- Phœnix sylvestris, [45]
- Phaëthornithinæ, [136]
- Pheasants, brilliant plumage of, in cold countries, [163]
- Pheidole, genus of ants, [84]
- Philippine Islands, metallic colours of butterflies of, [259]
- white-marked birds of, [263]
- Picariæ, [103]
- Pickering, Mr., on plants of Pacific Islands, [269]
- Pieridæ and Lycænidæ, local resemblances of, [256]
- Pigeons, [102]
- black in Australia and Madagascar, [264]
- Pigs, white poisoned in Virginia, black not, [265]
- Pipes from N. American mounds, [295]
- Plantain, [48]
- Plantain-eaters, [197]
- Plants, protective coloration in, [223]
- Platycerium, [47]
- Plumage of tropical birds, [109]
- of humming-birds, [128]
- Polyrachis, genus of ants, [81]
- Polyalthea, tree with flowers on trunk, [35]
- Polygonum bistorta, P. aviculare, [233]
- Pontia rapæ, changes of colour of chrysalis of, [168]
- Ponera clavata, terrible sting of, [82]
- Portraits on sculptured pipes from mounds, [295]
- Prosthemadera in the Auckland Isles, [239]
- Protective colours, theory of, [187]
- Psittacula diopthalma, sexual difference of colour of, [178]
- Pterylography, [151]
- Pyramid, the Great, [298]
- the Great, indicates an earlier civilization, [300]
- Pythons, [115]
- R.
- Rabbits, why white-tailed, [197]
- Rainbow, how described by ancient writers, [245]
- Rainfall at London and Batavia, diagram of, [15]
- Rainfall, greatest recorded at Batavia, [24]
- Ramsay, Prof. on ancient fresh-water deposits, [313]
- Raphia tædigera, [41]
- Rattan-palms, [42]
- Recognition aided by colour, [196]
- Reed, Mr., on humming-birds in Juan Fernandez, [146]
- Mr. Edwyn C., on insects of Juan Fernandez, [270]
- Reptiles, [111]
- Reptiles of oceanic islands, [309]
- Rhamphococcyx, [105]
- S.
- Salvin, Mr., on the pugnacity of humming-birds, [134], [214]
- Saüba ant, [85]
- Saxifraga longifolia, [233]
- S. cotyledon, [233]
- S. oppositifolia, [233]
- Scorpions, [97]
- Screw-pines, [49]
- Scythrops, [105]
- Seeds, how protected, [226]
- Sensitive-plants, [59]
- Sexes of butterflies differently coloured for recognition, [196]
- Sexual colours, [177]
- theory of, [192]
- Sexual selection not a cause of colour, [198]
- neutralized by natural selection, [210]
- Sickle-bill humming-bird, [136]
- Size, correspondence of, in tropical flowers and insects, [236]
- Sky, colour of not mentioned in old books, [245]
- Smith, Mr. Worthington, on mimicry in fungi, [223]
- Smyth, Professor Piazzi, on the Great Pyramid, [298]
- Snakes, [114]
- Sobralias, [51]
- Soil, heat of, [8]
- influence of temperature on climate, [8]
- Solenopsis, genus of ants, [84]
- Sorby, Mr., on composition of chlorophyll, [221]
- South America, extinct fauna of, [336]
- geographical changes of, [338]
- its parallelism with Africa, [339]
- an area of preservation of ancient types, [339]
- Spices from equatorial forest-trees, [36]
- Spiders, [97]
- Spruce, Dr. Richard, on number of ferns at Tarrapoto, [47]
- on inconspicuousness of tropical flowers, [61]
- on use of aromatic secretions of leaves, [278]
- Stainton, Mr., on insects attacking scented leaves, [277]
- Stick-insects, [92]
- St. Helena, indigenous flowers of, [275]
- St. John, Mr., on large python, [115]
- Structure of humming-birds, [125]
- Sugar from palm-trees, [44]
- Sunda Islands and Japan once joined to Asia, [326]
- Sun-birds, differences from humming-birds, [154]
- Sun’s noonday altitude in Java and London compared, [6]
- Sun’s rays, heating effect of, [7]
- Sunrise in the equatorial zone, [22]
- Swifts, resemblances of to humming-birds, [152]
- Symmachia trochilus, [75]
- colubris, [75]
- T.
- Tahiti, preponderance of ferns in, [269]
- Temperature of London and Batavia compared, [6]
- of different latitudes, various causes of, [7]
- Temperature, influenced by heat of soil, [8]
- influenced by aqueous vapour of atmosphere, [9]
- Temperature of tropical and temperate zones, cause of, illustrated, [12]
- Tertiary faunas and their relations, [344], [347]
- Thaumastura cora, very pugnacious, [214]
- Timor and Scotland, climates compared, [14]
- Timor and Flores, white-marked birds of, [263]
- Toucans, [106]
- Tree-frogs, [116]
- Tristan d’Acunha, bright-coloured Pelargonium of, [275]
- Trochilidæ, [125]
- Trogons, [105]
- Tropical vegetation, concluding remarks on, [65]
- probable causes of its luxuriance and variety, [66]
- Mr. Belt on, [67]
- Tropical birds, dull-coloured, [110]
- coloration of, [110]
- green, [110]
- Tropics, limitation of, [3]
- aspects of animal life in, [121]
- Trunks, variety of, [31], [33]
- probable cause of flowering, [34]
- Twilight, short at equator, [21]
- Typical colours, [179]
- V.
- Vanda lowii, [51]
- Vampyre-bats, [119]
- Variation, how influenced, [142]
- Vegetation, equatorial, [27]
- Vipers, green, [114]
- Vitality a cause of bright colour, [193]
- W.
- Warning Colours, theory of, [189]
- Wasps and bees, [90]
- Wave-lengths of coloured rays, [180]
- Weale, Mr. J. P. Mansel, on plants of Karoo, [223]
- on Ajuga ophrydis, [223]
- Webber, Mr., on food of humming-birds, [137]
- West-Indian Islands, large and brilliant butterflies of, [261]
- peculiarly coloured birds of, [262]
- Whip-snakes, [114]
- White animals poisoned where black escape, [265]
- White colours influencing sense-perception, [265]
- White colour doubly prejudicial to animals, [266]
- White tropical birds, [110]
- Wilson, Dr., on pottery from N. American mounds, [295]
- Winds, influence of on temperature, [11]
- direction of near equator, [11], [12]
- cause of cold near equator, [12], [13]
- Wolves in England show its union with continent, [305]
- Woods from equatorial forest-trees, [36]
- Z.
- Zebra, possible use of its stripes, [197]
- Zingiberaceæ, [47]
- Zoological regions, [314]
- Zoological regions of the New World, [329]
LONDON: R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, BREAD STREET HILL.