| 1115. | Death of the Countess Matilda. Increased independence of
the Tuscan towns. |
| 1188. | Frederic Barbarossa in Florence. |
| 1201. | Chiarissimo de’ Medici member of the council of the Florentine
Commonwealth. |
| 1207. | Election of the first Podestà. |
| 1215. | Beginning of civil feuds. |
| 1250. | First constitution of the Florentine commonalty of citizens
in opposition to the nobility. The Capitano del Popolo. |
| 1260. | Battle of Montaperti. Victory of the Ghibelline party. |
| 1266. | Charles of Anjou. The Ghibellines leave Florence. |
| 1282. | Origin of the political constitution of the guilds (Priori delle
Arti). |
| 1293. | Reform of the constitution of the guilds. Gonfalonieri di
giustizia. Penal laws against the nobility. |
| 1294. | Building of the Palace of the Commonwealth (Palazzo dei
Priori), and of the new Cathedral begun. |
| 1312. | Siege of Florence by the Emperor Henry VII. |
| 1320. | Beginning of the war against Castruccio, Lord of Lucca. |
| 1336. | War against Martino della Scala, Lord of Verona. |
| 1342-43. | Tyrannical government of Gautier de Brienne, Duke of
Athens. Complete downfall of the ancient nobility. |
| 1346. | Great losses of the Florentine banks. |
| 1351. | Beginning of the wars against the Visconti of Milan. |
| 1362. | War with Pisa. |
| 1371. | Factions of the Albizzi and Ricci. Exclusion of many
citizens from office. |
| 1375. | Beginning of enmity between the Florentines and Pope
Gregory XI. (1377, return of the Pope from Avignon
to Rome.) |
| 1378. | Gonfaloniership of Salvestro de’ Medici. Rising and government
of the lowest classes (Tumulto dei Ciompi). |
| | Ambrogio Traversari born (d. 1439). |
| 1379. | Execution of Piero degli Albizzi. |
| | Filippo Brunelleschi b. (d. 1446). |
| 1380. | Poggio Bracciolini b. (d. 1459). |
| 1381? | Lorenzo Ghiberti b. (d. 1455). |
| 1382. | End of the popular government. Rise of the power of the
Albizzi. |
| 1386. | Donatello b. (d. 1466). |
| 1387. | Exile of Benedetto degli Alberti and his family. Fra
Giovanni of Fiesole b. (d. 1455). |
| 1388. | Salvestro de’ Medici d. |
| 1389. | Cosimo de’ Medici b. (d. 1464). |
| 1391. | Neri Capponi, son of Gino, b. (d. 1457). Michelozzo
Michelozzi b. (d. 1472). |
| 1393. | Tyranny of Maso degli Albizzi. Vieri de’ Medici. |
| 1394. | Luigi Marsigli d. |
| 1396. | Emmanuel Chrysoloras called to Florence (d. 1415). Giannozzo
Manetti b. (d. 1459). |
| 1399. | Pilgrimages of the White Penitents. Great mortality.
Carlo Marsuppini b. (d. 1453). |
| 1400. | War with Gian-Galeazzo Visconti (d. 1402). Alliance with
King Ruprecht of the Pfalz. Luca della Robbia b.
(d. 1482). |
| 1401. | Masaccio b., at San Giovanni in Val d’Arno (d. 1428). |
| 1403. | League with Pope Boniface IX. and others against the
Visconti. |
| | L. Ghiberti receives the commission for the first door of the
Baptistery. |
| 1404. | Beginning of the enterprise against Pisa. |
| 1405. | Fight for Pisa. Gino Capponi. |
| | Matteo Palmieri b. (d. 1475). L. B. Alberti b. (d. 1472). |
| 1406. | Capture of Pisa. |
| | Coluccio Salutati d. (b. 1330). |
| 1408. | Efforts to restore the unity of the Church. |
| 1409. | Council of Pisa. (P. Alexander V.) |
| | Bernardo Rossellino b. (d. 1464). |
| 1410. | League with Pope John XXIII. [Baldassar Cossa]. Feo
Belcari b. (d. 1484). |
| 1411. | Treaty with K. Ladislas of Naples. Purchase of Cortona.
Establishment of the Council of Two Hundred. |
| 1412? | Fra Filippo Lippi b. (d. 1469). |
| 1414. | New treaty with K. Ladislas, and after his death, with his
sister Queen Joanna II. Cosimo de’ Medici and John
XXII. at Constance. |
| 1415. | Benedetto Accolti b. (d. 1466). |
| 1416. | Plague at Florence. |
| | Piero de’ Medici b. (d. 1469). |
| 1417. | Maso degli Albizzi d. His son Rinaldo and Niccolò da
Uzzano at the head of the Commonwealth. |
| 1419. | Pope Martin V. in Florence. Reconciliation and death of
John XXII. |
| | Archbishopric of Florence. Amerigo Corsini. |
| 1420. | Filippo Brunelleschi architect of the dome of the Cathedral. |
| | Benozzo Gozzoli b. (d. 1498). |
| 1421. | Purchase of Livorno. Gino Capponi d. |
| 1422. | Flourishing state of commerce. Relations with the Levant. |
| 1423. | Beginning of the war with Filippo Maria Visconti. |
| 1424. | Defeat at Zagonara. |
| | Cristoforo Landino b. (d. 1504). |
| 1425. | Defeat at Anghiari. |
| | Lorenzo Ghiberti receives the commission for the second
door of the Baptistery. |
| 1426. | Disputes about taxes and war-imposts. The Albizzi and
Giovanni de’ Medici. |
| 1427. | First register of lands. |
| | Antonio Rossellino b. (d. 1478). |
| 1428. | Peace with F. M. Visconti. |
| | Reform of the University. Palla Strozzi. |
| 1429. | Giovanni de’ Medici d. Revolt of Volterra on account of
the introduction of the land-register. |
| | Francesco Filelfo in Florence. |
| | Antonio Pollaiuolo b. (d. 1498). |
| 1430. | War with Lucca. The Jews in Florence. |
| | Bartolommeo Scala b. (d. 1495). |
| 1431. | Pope Eugene IV. |
| Luigi Pulci b. (d. 1486). |
| | Mino da Fiesole b. (d. 1484). |
| 1432. | Giuliano da Majano b. (d. 1490.) |
| | Niccolò da Uzzano d. |
| | K. Sigismund in Italy. (Crowned Emperor 1433). |
| 1433. | War with Lucca ended by a treaty with Milan. |
| | Exile of Cosimo de’ Medici. |
| | Marsilio Ficino b. (d. 1499). |
| 1434. | Recall of Cosimo de’ Medici. Exile of Rinaldo degli Albizzi,
Palla Strozzi and their friends. Pope Eugene IV. in
Florence. Completion of the dome of the Cathedral. |
| 1435. | Cosimo de’ Medici Gonfalonier. |
| | Andrea del Verrocchio b. (d. 1488). |
| 1436. | Consecration of the Cathedral by Pope Eugene IV. Convent
and library of San Marco. Medici palace. |
| 1439. | Florentine Council of Union. The Greeks in Florence. |
| 1440. | War of the Visconti. Battle of Anghiari. End of the
dominion of the Guidi in the Casentino. |
| 1441. | Death of Baldaccio da Anghiari. |
| | Pietro Pollaiuolo b. (d. 1489?). |
| | ? Luca Signorelli b. (d. 1523). |
| 1442. | Benedetto da Majano b. (d. 1498?). |
| | Rinaldo degli Albizzi d., at Ancona. |
| 1445. | Giuliano Giamberti da Sangallo b. (d. 1516). |
| 1446. | S. Antonine Archbishop (d. 1459). |
| 1447. | War in the Chiana valley with Alfonso of Aragon, King of
Naples. Pope Nicholas V. |
| 1449. | (January 1) Lorenzo de’ Medici b. (d. 1492). |
| | Bernardo Rucellai b. (d. 1514). |
| | Domenico Ghirlandajo b. (d. 1494). |
| 1450. | Dispute with Venice. Francesco Sforza Duke of Milan. |
| 1451. | Amerigo Vespucci b. (d. 1512). |
| 1452. | Emperor Frederic III. in Florence. The Neapolitans in
the Chiana valley. Leonardo da Vinci b. (d. 1519). |
| 1453. | Giuliano de’ Medici b. (d. 1478). |
| | Girolamo Benevieni b. (d. 1542). |
| 1454. | Peace of Lodi, between Florence, Milan, Venice, and Naples. |
| | Angelo Ambrogio Poliziano b. (d. 1494). |
| 1455. | Intrigues against Cosimo de’ Medici. Luca Pitti. Pope
Calixtus III. |
| 1456. | Johannes Argyropulos called to Florence. |
| 1457. | Simone Pollaiuolo Cronaca b. (d. 1508). |
| Filippino Lippi b. (d. 1504). |
| 1458. | Changes in the Constitution by Luca Pitti. Pope Pius II. |
| 1459. | Pope Pius II. in Florence. |
| | Benozzo Gozzoli paints the chapel of the Medici palace. |
| 1461. | Piero de’ Medici Gonfalonier. |
| 1463. | Giovanni Pico della Mirandola b. (d. 1494). |
| 1464. | Cosimo de’ Medici, ‘Pater Patriæ,’ d. Pope Paul II. |
| | Marcello Virgilio Adriani b. (d. 1521). |
| 1465. | Beginning of the Pitti disturbances. |
| 1466. | Conspiracy of Diotisalvi Neroni, Luca Pitti, and their friends
against Piero de’ Medici. |
| 1467. | War of Colleone. |
| 1468. | Peace with Venice. Purchase of Sarzana. Tournament
and marriage of Lorenzo de’ Medici. |
| 1469. | Piero de’ Medici d. Authority of Lorenzo. Tommaso
Soderini. |
| 1470. | Attempted revolt at Prato. |
| | Bernardo Dovizj of Bibiena b. (d. 1520). |
| 1471. | Galeazzo Maria Sforza in Florence. Lorenzo de’ Medici at
Rome with Pope Sixtus IV. Piero de’ Medici b. (d. 1503).
Bernardo Cennini, first Florentine printer. |
| 1472. | Revolt and conquest of Volterra. |
| 1473. | Re-opening of the University of Pisa. |
| 1474. | King Christian of Denmark in Florence. |
| 1475. | Giovanni de’ Medici [Pope Leo X.] b. (d. 1521). Michelangelo
Buonarotti b. (d. 1564). Murder of Galeazzo M.
Sforza. Regency of Bona of Savoy. |
| 1478. | Conspiracy of the Pazzi. Death of Giuliano de’ Medici.
War with Rome and Naples. Giulio de’ Medici [Pope
Clement VII.] b. |
| 1479. | Defeat at Poggibonzi. Lorenzo de’ Medici in Naples.
Lodovico il Moro regent of Milan. |
| 1480. | Peace between Florence, Naples, and the Pope. Establishment
of the Council of Seventy. |
| 1481. | Cristoforo Landino’s edition of Dante. |
| 1482. | Ferrarese war. Francesco Guicciardini b. (d. 1540). |
| 1483. | Fra Girolamo Savonarola in Florence. King Louis XI. of
France d. Charles VIII. king. |
| 1484. | Peace of Bagnolo. Pope Sixtus IV. d. Innocent VIII. Pope. |
| 1485. | The Florentines in the Neapolitan barons’ war against the
Pope. |
| 1486. | Peace between the Pope and King Ferrante. |
| 1487. | Re-capture of Sarzana by the Florentines. |
| 1488. | Family alliance between the Medici and Innocent VIII.
Clarice de’ Medici d. Homer’s works first printed. Convent
of San Gallo. |
| | Murder of Girolamo Riario and Galeotto Manfredi. |
| 1489. | Cardinalate of Giovanni de’ Medici. |
| | Fra Girolamo Savonarola again at San Marco. |
| | Building of the Strozzi palace begun. |
| | Benedetto da Majano. |
| 1490. | New constitutional reform. Lorenzo de’ Medici mediator
between Pope Innocent and King Ferrante. |
| | Cathedral. Choir of Sta. Maria Novella by Ghirlandajo.
Negotiations for completion of the Cathedral façade. |
| 1491. | Reconciliation between the Pope and Naples. |
| 1492. | Proclamation of the Cardinalate of Giovanni de’ Medici. |
| | Lorenzo de’ Medici d., April 8. |