INDEX

Abbotsbury, convent at, [203]

Adamson, William, lease of Liverpool ferm to, [271], note 2

[Admiral], appointment of mayor as, [234];

his jurisdiction, [ib.], note 2;

of Norwich, [245];

of the Cinque Ports, his jurisdiction, [392]

Adventurers, Merchant, [90];

their rivalry with Staple and Hanse, [94], [95];

organized by charter, [95], [96];

by Henry VII., [96];

growth of their privileges, [ib.];

settlement at Antwerp, [97], [98];

struggle for free trade in cloth in the Netherlands, [99-101];

struggle with the staplers, [101-103];

with Hanseatic League, [103-111];

organization in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, [106];

supported by Henry VII., [111], [112];

their triumph in the north, [114];

progress from Edward III. to Henry VII., [122]

“Advocantes,” [190]

Alderman of the staple, [46], [48]

Aldington, archbishop’s court of, [409]

Aletot, tax paid by Rye to Fécamp, [387], note 1

Alexandria, centre of Mediterranean traffic, [77]

Alien, judicial combat in Fordwich with, [221], note 2

Almshouses, [41], note 2

Amusements in towns, [145-153]

Andover, punishment for breach of public duty in, [181], note 2

Antwerp, trade of English Adventurers at, [94];

capital of the Merchant Adventurers, [97], [98];

succeeds Bruges as a centre of commerce, [100];

conference at, [113]

Apprentices, kept only by burghers, [182]

Apprenticeship, in towns, sought by country labourers, [194]

Archers of Reading in 1371, [16], note

Arms, view of, at Bridport, [15], [16];

at Reading, [16], note

Arrest, disputes about rights of, [351-352], [364-367], [372]

Assemblies in the towns, [223]

Assize of wine, bread, and ale, controversy as to, in Exeter, [358-9]

Attorneys, their numbers in Norfolk and Norwich limited, [58]

[Augustine’s], S., convent of, Canterbury, its agreement with Christchurch, [369];

disputes with the town, [371-3];

owner of Fordwich, [412];

compromise with Fordwich, [414]

Aylesbury, evasions of watch and ward in, [133]

Aynesargh, Richard de, lease of Liverpool to, [271], note 2

Bailiff, commander of the town in war, [128];

his appointment as king’s steward and marshal, [236];

capital, of Hereford, [229], [319-320];

election of, in Liverpool, [270];

of wards in Norwich, [240], [243], [245], [246];

of Romney, [404-406];

of the king, in Sandwich, [400-402]

Bailiff-errant, his duties, [205]

Baltic, English Merchant Adventurers in, [95]

Barge, the admiral’s, [245];

common, of towns, [87], [140];

of Ipswich, [85], note 2;

of London, [87], note 3;

of Romney, [87], [88]

[Barnstaple], granted to Sir John Cornwall and the Countess of Huntingdon, [253];

its ferm, &c., in 1273, [ib.], note 3;

its traditions as borough in ancient demesne, [253-255];

byelaws of, [254];

“Burgesses of the Wynde” in, [ib.];

complaints of lords of, about authority claimed by burghers, [ib.];

inquisition as to franchises of, [255];

charters, [ib.];

market, [253], note 3;

Long Bridge, [ib.];

its wealth in thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, [ib.];

seal, [225], note

Barons of the Cinque Ports, [386]

Barton, John, thief in Exeter, [354]

Battle, services due from its burgesses, [171], note 2;

its quarrel with Lydd about boundaries, [411];

abbot of, owner of land in Lydd, [409]

Beaufort, Cardinal, [214]

Bedford, opposition to commission of enquiry in, [268], note 1

Beer, its introduction, [57];

English, exported to Flanders, ib.

Bell, the common, [161], [180];

of Bristol, [314], [315];

of Hereford, [127];

Reading, [304];

Romney, [405], note 1;

Brandegoose, at Sandwich, [401];

of church, [153];

the curfew, [324]

Bell-foundries, [55]

Benecke, captain of Danzig privateers, [109], note 2

Bergen, staple set up by English adventurers at, [95];

English expelled from, [107]

Berkeley, owned by lay noble, [227];

privileges leased to the burghers of, [263];

relations with its lords, [264], [267];

lords of, their fight with Bristol, [313-315];

their trading, [316]

Berkeley, Lord James, [266]

Berkeley, Lord Maurice, [265], [266], [312], [314-315]

Berkeley, Lord Thomas, [315]

Berkeley, Lady, daughter of Mayor of Bristol, [316];

her funeral, [ib.]

Bernard, the goldsmith, his escape from prison, [374]

Berwick, government of, given to one of the Berkeleys, [264]

Bier, the parish, [202]

Billeting, forbidden in Bristol, [210], note 3

Birmingham, [200], note 2;

its bridges, [20];

its guild, [ib.]

Bishops as lords of towns, [281]

Blackwall, entrepôt of Dinant copper-workers at, [56]

Bondmen, not to be admitted to franchise in York and Bridgenorth, [196]

Bonvil, Sir William, [41], note 2, [267], [268], [366]

“Booners,” [141]

Bordeaux, its trade, [87], [118], [119], [316], note 1;

taken by the French, [119]

[Boroughs], English, their importance in fifteenth century, [1];

created by Edward I., [11], note 3;

representation in Parliament, [24], [25];

conditions of claiming the property of, [218];

importance of corporate succession of, [219];

classification of, [227];

sympathy of king with, in questions of rival jurisdiction, [232-3];

local self-government in, [233-237];

extortion in, [235], note 1;

advantages gained by, in times of state troubles, [237];

anxiety of king about democratic movement in, [247], note 3;

granted to nobles, [253], note 2;

in “ancient demesne,” [227], [246], see Towns

[Borough Court], or Portmote, attendance of burghers required at, [180];

wills enrolled in, [200], note 1;

at Norwich, [239]

Borough English, [222]

Boston, house of the Hanseatic League at, [110]

Boulogne, soldiers from Reading at, [16], note

Boundaries, preservation and perambulation of, [134]

Boy Bishop, [148]

Brass, guns made of, [55], note 4

Bribes, system of, in the towns, [211-217]

Brickmaking, its beginnings in England, [56]

Bridges, repair of, [144];

the Long, at Barnstaple, [253], note 3;

at Birmingham, [20];

Canterbury, [19];

Exeter, [144];

London, [ib.];

Nottingham, [ib.];

Reading, [301], note 2

Bridgenorth, payment to players forbidden in, [152];

franchise of, [196];

complaint of the jurors against the sheriff’s bailiffs, [207], note 1

Bridgewater, burgages held by clergy at, [175], note

Bridport in the thirteenth century, [202-203];

in fourteenth century, [15];

in fifteenth century, [15-16];

views of arms at, [ib.];

fraternities in, [ib.];

Toll Hall and Guildhall at, [ib.];

bell foundries at, [55-56];

collection for improving its harbour, [143], [144];

rector and parishioners, [157];

bequests for the church, [159], note;

manufactures at, [202];

payments in kind for ferm, [204-5];

advantages of its obscurity and distance from court, [210]

Brinklow, his political ideas, [60], note 4

[Bristol] made a shire, [12];

gives a benevolence to the king, [27], note 2;

disputes with Genoese merchants, [91], note 2;

its contribution for protection of traders, ib., note 3;

new channel dug for the Frome at, [142];

billeting forbidden in, [210], note 3;

revolt of the Commons, [312];

charter forfeited, [ib.], note 1;

mayor of, freed from oath to constable, [313];

obtains jurisdiction over Redcliffe, [314];

fight with lords of Berkeley, [313-315];

difficulties as to jurisdiction of Temple fee, [313], note 2;

incorporation of Redcliffe with, [ib.], note;

burgesses’ petitions to King and Parliament, [315];

assault on Lord Thomas of Berkeley, [ib.];

payment for confirmation of charters, [ib.];

sends men to Lord Berkeley’s help at Nibley, [316];

the castle fee in, [311];

constable of castle, [312];

grant of ferm, [238], note 3;

dispute about ferm, [253], note 2;

S. Mary’s Hall at, [316];

Fellowship of Merchants, [89];

paving, [18], note;

common bell, [314], [315];

gaol, [315];

watch on S. John’s Eve, [149];

compass first used in England by its men, [107];

trade with Gascony, [119];

traders from, settle in Bridport, [15];

sail to Iceland, [107];

Flemish weavers in, [193]

Britanny, commercial treaty with, [112]

Broad-cloth first mentioned, [52]

Broad Hill, court held on, [394], [395]

[Brodhull], register of its acts, [398];

see [Brotherhood]

[Brotherhood], court of, [395-398];

see [Brodhull], [Guestling]

Bruges, the staple at, [45];

made staple for English cloth in Flanders, [113], note 3;

decline of its weaving trade, [65]

Building in towns in fifteenth century, [18], [19]

Burgage rents, [13], note 2

Burgage tenure, [170-173], [200], note 2

[Burgesses], in the empire, first mention of, [11], note 1;

decayed, in Preston, [190], note 3;

of the Wynde in Barnstaple, [254];

their qualifications, [170], [171];

craftsmen and foreigners admitted as, [173];

see [Burghers], [Citizens]

[Burghers], mode of admission of, [178-9];

duties, [180-181];

privileges, [181-185];

responsibilities and services, [185-188];

punishment of, for refusing to serve in municipal offices, [187], [188];

their duties confined to town, [188];

the exclusive character of the poorer, [195];

claim to have their own courts, [220];

growing importance in the country, [257];

their seals, [175];

see [Burgesses], [Citizens]

Burgundy, Henry VII.’s alliance with, [4];

charter to Merchant Adventurers in, [96]

Burgundy, Duke of, grants charter to English Merchant Adventurers, [96]

“Cachepol” of abbot of S. Augustine’s, [412]

Cade, Jack, his supporters in Cinque Ports, [415]

Calais, the staple at, [46];

captain of, [49];

mint at, [ib.];

Likedelers of, [90];

election of governors of Merchant Adventurers held at, [96], note 6

Cambridge, first notice of bricks at, [56], note 3

Canal-makers, Dutch, [193]

Cannyges, of Bristol, [84], note 1, [89], [107]

Canopy, at coronation of King, carried by representatives of Cinque Ports, [389]

[Canterbury], royal borough, [227];

extent of its jurisdiction, [3], note;

Henry VII. received at, [37], note;

quarrels with Sandwich, [163], note;

Henry VII.’s breve to enable inhabitants to resist demands of King’s purveyors, [210], note 1;

payment to be excused from sending ships to the war, [213], note 3;

relations with York and Lancaster, [215], [216];

refusal of citizens to appear at the King’s Court at Westminster, [230], note 2;

property exempt from corporate authority, [310], note;

dispute as to jurisdiction of city coroner, [355], note 1;

dispute with S. Augustine’s, [371-2];

with Christ Church, [135-6], [373-382];

with convent of S. Gregory, [369];

bridge, [19];

charters, expenses connected with, [211], note;

cathedral, its jubilee festivals, [376];

church of S. Andrew, [380];

Blackfriar’s churchyard, [375];

first main drain, [20];

expenses of feasts, [372], note 3;

town festival, [149];

price of admission to freedom, [178], note 5;

municipal debts, [140], note 1;

gifts, [214-216];

hospitals, [369];

Swan inn, [216];

loans to King, [27], note 2;

market, [371-2], [377-80];

mayor, probate claimed by, [200], note 1;

mace, [381];

king’s mead, [371];

mill, ib., [372], [381];

minstrels, [145], note;

paving, [18], note;

plays, [146];

protection of burghers, [185];

provision for pilgrims, [375-6];

punishment for drawing knife, [132], note 2;

extortions of sheriff, [207];

Staplegate, [370];

trade with Bordeaux, [118];

walls and gates, [129], note 1;

Westgate, [370], [381];

see [Augustine’s (S.)], [Christ Church]

Canterbury, Archbishops of, [177], note 2, [369-371], [409]

Cardiff requests copy of Hereford customs, [228]

Carlisle, its “frelidge,” [180];

help granted towards payment of ferm in, [231], note 2;

liberties forfeited, [247], note 4

Carpets, manufactory of, at Ramsey, [57]

Castile, commercial treaty with, [120]

Castle Coombe, cloth sold at, [54], note 1

Castle, constable of, his authority, [311-12]

Castle Fee, its independence of the municipality, [311]

Catalonia, commercial treaty with, [120]

Caxton, Thomas, town clerk of Lydd, [411]

Cemetery, booths set up in, at fair-time, [362]

Chaldensham, the breaking to pieces of the abbot’s gallows at, [372]

Charters, power of the King to withdraw, [211-12];

payments for the confirmation of, [211];

of incorporation, [219], note 1;

see [Barnstaple], [Bristol], [Canterbury], [Ipswich], [Leicester], [Lincoln], [Liverpool], [Lynn], [Northampton], [Norwich], [Nottingham], [Plimpton], [Reading], [Winchester]

[Chepin] gavell in Reading, [299], [306]

Chepstowe, its trade with Iceland and Finmark, [107], note 1

Chest, the parish, [202];

the common, of Reading, [305], [306]

Chester, raid of Baldwin of Radington on, [130];

affray at, [ib.], note 1;

town festival, [149];

liberties forfeited, [247], note 4;

silting up of harbour, [270]

Chester, Earl of, Liverpool granted to, [270]

Children of citizens, age of taking up duties of citizenship, [194];

of non-burgesses, age of beginning work, [194-5]

Chimneys of tiles or brick, houses to be provided with, [194]

[Christ Church], Canterbury, its agreement with S. Augustine’s, [369];

ownership of Sandwich, [399-400];

owner of land in Lydd, [409];

quarrels with Fordwich about the quay, [413];

see [Canterbury]

Christopher, the (ship), [316], note 1

Church, hostile to the formation of communes, [279], note 2

Church-ales at Plymouth, [160], [161];

at Yaxley, [161], note

Churches, parish, their various uses, [153-156];

apportionment of seats, [154];

townspeople lay rectors of, [157];

various expenses, [158-161];

bequests for, [159];

rebuilding of, in 15th century, [18]

Churchyards and ecclesiastical precincts enclosed by walls, [335]

Cinque Ports, their treaties with “French Shipmen,” [4], note 1;

house of elected mayor or jurat who declined to serve, pulled down, [187];

jurats and barons of the, [386];

confederation of, [386-399];

privileges, [387-389];

ownership of, [387], notes 1 and 2;

justices itinerant shut out from, [388];

writ of error in, [388], note 2;

no trial by jury in, [388], note 6;

support Simon de Montfort, [388], note 5;

heavy charges for defence borne by, [389-390];

payments for maintenance of liberties of, [390], note 2;

monopoly threatened by Yarmouth, [394];

jealous watch against infractions of privileges, [398];

accuser often executioner in, [412], note 2;

confederation affords no security to members against their lords, [414];

various jurisdictions, [398];

admiral of, [392];

no coroner in, [388], note 1;

trading privileges, [414-415];

confederation, unlike confederations abroad, [415];

supports Cade, [ib.];

supports Warwick, [ib.];

courts of, see [Brotherhood], [Guestling], [Shepway]

Cirencester, [295]

[Citizens], their busy life, [161];

independence, [177];

laws passed in Norwich and Worcester to compel men to become, [190];

age for taking up duties, [194];

outnumbered by the unenfranchised classes in the towns, [196];

distinguished from “natives” in Hereford, [318];

see [Burgesses], [Burghers]

Clarence, Duke of, present from Canterbury to, [215]

Clergy as citizens, [175], note

Clisheath, fight on, [267]

Clock, the town, [182]

Clock-house, payments for, in Reading, [304]

Cloth, altered conditions of production, [54];

sold in London, [ib.], note 1;

taxes on, [81], note 1;

struggle for its free importation into Netherlands, [99], [100];

undressed, its export forbidden, [110];

terms of sale and finishing, granted to Henry VII. by Flanders, [113], note 3;

woollen, its export allowed to Portuguese, [121], note 2;

manufacture protected by government, [66], [67];

attempt to confine its export to London, [69];

dressing of, disputes about, [70];

seal for sealing it, in Reading, [308];

broad, [52]; see [Trade]

Cloth-workers, rivalry with wool-growers, [68]

Clothiers distinguished from drapers, [67]

“Clothing, Great,” of Worcester, [138], note

Coal, its early use in London, [55], note 1

Cœur, Jacques, [114]

Colchester, its condition, c. 1300, [14];

progress in the 14th cent., ib., [15];

burghers not to be appointed in any quest or assize outside the borough, [188], note 2;

Norwich system of government imitated by, [238], note 2;

gallows, [2], note;

moot hall, [14];

wool hall, [ib.]

Cologne, Hanse of, [75], [76], note 1

Commerce, treaties of, [66];

government protection of, [66], [67];

by sea, its early routes, [75-77];

between England and the Baltic, [83];

its two great routes, [83];

in hands of foreign carriers, [83], [84];

growth of private enterprise, [88], [89];

transferred from foreign carrying vessels to those of English adventurers, [94];

see [Trade], [Treaties]

Common, rights of, [136], [137], [181]

[Commons], House of, relation of boroughs to, [24];

control over taxation, [25], note 3;

height of power in early 15th century, [26];

petition for working of mines, [55], note 1; see [Parliament]

Communes, the Church hostile to the formation of, [279], note 2;

of France, contrast between their history and that of the English towns, [29-32]

Communitas, its meaning, [167-168];

early government, [169-171]

Compass, its first recorded use in England, [107]

Compurgation, [221], note 2

Conesford Ward, Norwich, [239-40]

Confederation, contrast between English boroughs and Continental towns as to, [384-385];

of Cinque Ports, [386-99], [414-416]

Constable, dispute about election of, in Reading, [304], [306];

of the castle, his authority, [311-312]

Convents, towns subject to, [227], [295]

Copes, regulations about use of, at Plymouth, [158]

Copper works at Dinant, [56];

in England, [ib.]

Cornwall, Sir John, Lord of Barnstaple, [253]

Cornwall, its silver mines, [55], note 1;

tin works, [83]

Coroner, business of, [203];

dispute in Exeter about the jurisdiction of, [355];

of Devonshire, [355];

in Cinque Ports, [388], note 1

Corpus Christi, guild of, [150], [151]

Coteler, J., lieutenant of mayor of Exeter, [346]

Court, the papal, its demands from Canterbury cathedral, [376];

see [Admiralty], [Borough], [Brotherhood], [Curia Comitatus], [Guestling], [Hundred], [King’s], [Leet], [Orphans], [Portmote], [Sheriffs], [Shepway], [Steward’s Hall Port], [Tolbooth]

Craft guilds, [150]

Crafts, their formation into close companies, [195]

Craftsmen, their political importance, [60];

admitted as burgesses, [173]

Cranmer, his refusal to lease out bailiwick of Romney to townspeople, [408-9];

his lease of the bailiwick of Hythe to townspeople, [408]

Cranbrooke, cloth sold at, [54], note 1

Crete, English merchants buy wine in, [116]

Criers in the towns, [161-162], [180]

Cunningham, Sir Thomas, [98], note 5

Curfew bell in Winchester, [324]

[Curia Comitatus] at Norwich, [239]

Customs, Hereford, [317];

copy of, asked for by Cardiff, [228]

Danzig, English cloth-dealers at, [95];

English colony at, [104], note 6

Dartmouth, its parish church, [157], note 2

Davison, Sir W., [98], note 5

Dean, Forest of, its forges, [54]

Demesne, ancient, boroughs in, [227-229]

Dengemarsh, [409]

Denge Ness, [409]

Denmark, English traders expelled from, [66];

Henry VII.’s treaty with, [113]

Derby, franchises of, forfeited, [247], note 4

Derby, Earl of, Liverpool granted to, [270]

Devon, its silver mines, [55], note 1

Devon, Earl of, his fight with Lord William Bonvil, [267-8]

Devonshire, the coroner of, [355]

Devonshire, Earls of, [266], [366];

conflict of Exeter with, [339], [340]

Dinant, its relation to the Hanseatic League, [82], note 3;

copper-workers of, their trade with England, [56]

Disfranchised table, [181]

Domesday, [343], [344], [345];

of Ipswich, [225]

Dominicans, their settlement in Winchester, [323]

Doncaster, [269], note

Dorchester, extent of its jurisdiction, [3], note;

sheriffs court at, [203], [204]

Dorset, its silver mines, [55], note 1

Dover, member of Cinque Ports, [386];

ownership of, [387], note 1;

church of S. James, [393];

the Lord Warden’s court of appeal held at, [393-394];

meeting of deputations from Lydd and Romney at, [411];

punishment of thief, [221], note 2;

lieutenant of, [213], note 1, [391];

castle, constable of, [390], [392]

Drain, at Canterbury, [20];

at Exeter, [361]

Drapers distinguished from clothiers, [67];

of London, their first charter, [52], note 3

Duel in Leicester, [221], note 2;

freedom from, in Lincoln, [ib.]

Dunwich, [238], note 3

Ecclesiastical estates, towns on, [227], [277-281];

tenants of, their attitude in the towns, [191], [192]

Edmund Crouchback, [269], note, [270], [271]

Edmund, Bishop of Exeter, [343]

Edward I., boroughs created by, [11], note 3;

charter to Norwich, [242];

grant to Lydd, [410]

Edward II., advantages to towns of disorders under, [237]

Edward III., his dealings with the staple, [45], [46];

relations with Florentine merchants, [78], [79];

borrows money of Lübeck merchants, [83];

advantages to towns of his commercial policy, [237]

Edward IV., his relations with the Hanse, [109-110];

grants fresh franchises to Exeter, [367], note 2

Egypt, Venetians driven out of, [114]

Elbing, market at, [104]

Election of town officers, [224], [235]

Empire, first mention of burgesses in, [11], note 1

Enclosure of churchyards and ecclesiastical precincts within walls, [335]

Engineers, Dutch and Flemish, employed in England, [142], [143], note, [403]

England, its comparative unimportance in Europe in thirteenth century, [32], [33];

character of its history in fifteenth century, [35-44];

classes of its population c. 1453, [60]

English language, prayers in, used by a Norfolk guild, [42], note

Escheator, the King’s, [208];

appointment of mayor as, [ib.], note 1;

term of office, [234], note 3

Essex, Dom Robert, manufactures silk at Westminster, [57], note 2

Exe Island, [339]

Exeter, its early government, [338];

jurisdiction of Earls of Devonshire in, [339];

disputes with them, [266], [339];

with the cathedral, [340-368];

discussion between bishop and mayor, [155];

election of Shillingford as mayor, [340], [341];

grant of Richard of Almayne to, [357];

grants of Edward IV. to, [367], note 2;

almshouses at, [41], note 2;

right of arrest in, [364-366];

assize of wine, bread, &c., [358-9];

bridge at, [144];

Broad Gate, [353];

great drain, [361];

Canon’s-street, [360];

controversy as to common use of cathedral, [362-364];

as to jurisdiction of coroner, [355];

cathedral close, [352], [353], [355];

provision for ferm in, [359];

Fish-street, [360];

price of admission to freedom, [178], note 5;

gates, dispute for control of, [361], [362];

Guildhall, [341], [351], [356];

hospitals, [41], note 2;

law against livery, [339];

market, ib., [359], [360];

St. Martin’s-street, [360];

paving of, [18], note;

bishop’s prison, [362];

St. Peter’s fee, [357];

Recorder, [345], [347];

maces, [339], [367];

Black Roll, [345];

S. Stephen’s fee, [343];

town-hall, [344];

great tower, [361-2];

warden of the poor, [41], note 2;

controversy as to watch and ward, [357], [358];

wine gavell, [359]

Exeter, Edmund, bishop of, [343]

Exmouth, port, [346], [359]

Export trade, revenue from, under Henry VII. and VIII., [58];

industrial changes occasioned by, [67];

disputes caused by, between merchants and artizans, [70]; see [Trade]

Extortion in the boroughs, [235], note 1

Fairs and markets forbidden to be held in sanctuaries, [156];

forbidden on Sundays and feast days, [156], note;

of Ripon, [130];

of Tetbury, [314];

St. Giles’s, at Winchester, [324], [329];

at Yarmouth, [395], [396], [415]

Fastolf, Sir John, [259], note 2, [267], note 1

Faversham, its incorporation under mayor and jurats, [398], note 2

Fécamp, abbey of, its relations to Hastings, Winchelsea, and Rye, [387], note 1

Fees on admission to freedom of town, [178];

in kind at Wells, ib.

Fellowship, Merchants’, in Bristol, [89];

in London, attempt to monopolize the export of cloth, [69];

of the mayor of Exeter, [346], [353], [366]

Felon, dispute about the seizure of the goods of, in Exeter, [354]

Ferm of towns, collection of, [205];

settlement of, connected with election of mayor, [218], note;

provision for payment of, [231], note 1, [244], [359];

leasing out of, [238], note 3, [247], note 4

Festivals, local, [149];

complaints of their decay, [151];

jubilee, at Canterbury cathedral, [376]

Feudal estates, condition of towns on, [250], [251];

lords, struggle of the boroughs with, [198-200], [255-257]

Finance of towns, [138-141]

Fines paid to be free of holding municipal offices, [187], note 1;

of borough or manor courts, granted to citizens, [231]

Fineux, Master John, justiciar, [214]

Florence adopts free trade, [117];

Henry VII.’s commercial treaty with, ib.;

its trading importance, [78];

loans of its merchants to Edward III., ib., [79];

commercial revival after acquisition of Leghorn, [79]

Folkestone, punishment of thief at, [221], note 2

Fordwich, [227], [369];

under mastership of Sandwich, [411], [412];

extent of its territory, [412];

jurisdiction of Abbot of S. Augustine’s, [ib.], [413];

quarrels with Christ Church about quay, [ib.];

regulations and taxations imposed by Sandwich on, [ib.];

compromise with S. Augustine’s as to control of river and weirs, [414];

capital punishment in, [412];

judicial combat with alien in, [221], note 2;

Hundred court, [412];

jurisdiction of mayor, [ib.];

its officers, [ib.];

prisons, [ib.];

Thefeswell, [ib.]

Foreigners, admitted as burgesses, [173], [178], note 5;

limitation of their rights, [184]

Forfeiture of town privileges, [247], note 4;

of citizenship, [179], [180]

Fortescue, Sir John, chief justice, [59], [346]

France, condition of people in, as described by Fortescue, [59]

Franchise forfeited by forsaking town for a year and a day, [179];

refusal to take up, [186], [328];

to be confined to members of craft guild, [195], [196];

bondmen born not to be admitted to, in York and Bridgenorth, [196];

of Lynn, controlled by the Bishop of Norwich, [286]; see [Freedom]

Franciscans in Winchester, [323]

Frankpledge, view of, dispute in Lynn about, [290], [294]

Fraternities at Bridport, [16]

[Freedom], municipal, ways of winning, [177], note 1;

mode and terms of admission to, [178], [179];

lost by breach of public duty, [180];

mode of recovery in Hereford, [180], note 3;

classes shut out from, [189], [190]

Freemen, their decrease in Romney and Winchester, [190]

Freeman’s prison, [185]

Free-traders, their settlement outside the towns, [192], [193]

“Frelidge” at Carlisle, [180]

Gallows and pit, right of, [2], note

Gallows of prior of Christ Church, Canterbury, [373];

the abbot’s, at Chaldensham, [372];

of Colchester, [2], note;

Southampton, [ib.];

Worcester, [310]

Gaol, the common, of Bristol, [315]

Gascony, its trade with England, [119]

Gates, dispute about control of, in Exeter, [362];

in Winchester, [324]

Gate, the Broad, of Exeter, [353]

Gaunt, John of, [253], note 2, [260], note 2, [270]

Gavell, the wine, in Exeter, [359]; see [Chepin]

Genoa, its trade, [79], [80];

bank of S. George, [80];

relations of its traders with England, [114], note, [115];

proposal to forbid trade with, [116];

disputes of its merchants with those of Bristol, [91], note 2

Germin, treasurer of Exeter, [346]

Gestling, drowning of felons in the, [221], note 2

Glass, English, forbidden in Beauchamp Chapel at Warwick, [56], note 4

Glass-painting, early English, [56]

Gloucester made a shire, [12];

owned by King, [227];

custody of, given to one of the Berkeleys, [264];

bell foundries at, [55], [56];

paving of, [18], note

Gloucester, Duke of, at York, [216], [217]

Gloucester, Earl of, his gallows at Worcester, [310]

Godbeate, liberty of, in Winchester, [324]

Goldsmiths of London, their wealth, [58]

Grendon, Simon, Mayor of Exeter, [41], note 2

Griffith, David ap, grant of ferm of Liverpool to, [275]

Grimsby, regulation as to taxes in, [355], note 2

[Guestling], courts of, [397]; see [Brotherhood]

Guild at Birmingham, [20];

of Corpus Christi, [150], [151];

of Young Men at S. Edmundsbury, [296], [297];

shipmen’s, at Hull, [89], note 2;

of merchants at Lynn, [89];

at Malmesbury, dispute about, [302], note 2;

of Nottingham, rights of taxation given to, [355], note 2;

of Totnes, [251], [252];

of Our Lady and S. George at Plymouth, [158];

at York, [42], note, [89], note 2

Guilds, festivals of, [150]

Guild Hall, see [Hall]

[Guild Merchant], its importance in dependent towns, [302], [303];

of Ipswich, [224], [225];

Leicester, [355], note 2;

Liverpool, [270];

Lynn, [286], [288];

Reading, [300], [303], [304];

Totnes, [175], note;

claimed by S. Edmundsbury, [297], [298]

Guns, English-made, their superiority, [55]

Hadley, cloth sold at, [54], note 1

[Hall], the common, of Romney, [129], note 2, [403], [405], note 1;

of Sandwich, [401];

the guild, of Bridport, [16];

Exeter, [341], [351], [356];

London, [378], note 2;

Lynn, [283];

Reading, [300], [304], [305];

Winchester, [324]

Hanse of Cologne, [75], [76], note 1;

Flemish, in London, [76]

Hanseatic League, [81], [82];

its carrying trade, [83];

disputes with Lynn merchants, [91], note 2;

struggle with English Merchant Adventurers, [103-111];

gathers fleet against England, [109];

supports Edward IV., [ib.];

Edward IV.’s treaty with, [110];

its guildhall in London, [ib.];

house at Boston and Lynn, [ib.];

its decline, [ib.], [111];

negotiations with Henry VII. at Antwerp, [113];

expels English traders from Denmark, [66];

succeeds Hanse of Cologne in the carrying trade, [77]

Harbledown, hospital of S. Nicholas at, [369]

Harbours, making and improving, [142-144]

“Harry Grâce à Dieu,” the, [84], note 1

Hastings, [386];

castle, [387], note 1

Haute, William, lord of the manor of Bishopsbourne, [216], note 2

Hemp, grown at Bridport, [202]

Henry III., advantages to towns of his reign, [237];

charter to Liverpool, [270];

to Norwich, [242]

Henry IV. supports the Merchant Adventurers, [95], [96], [105], [106];

advantages to towns of his political insecurity, [237];

charter to Norwich, [245-6]

Henry V. forbids English trade with Iceland, [106];

plans a royal navy, [86];

advantages to towns of his financial needs, [237]

Henry VI., Canterbury associated with the party of, [215];

advantages to towns of tumults of his reign, [237];

charter to Barnstaple, [255]

Henry VII., his position among English sovereigns, [73], [74];

received at Canterbury, [37], note;

enforces Navigation Act, [94];

patron of the Merchant Adventurers, [96], [111], [112];

international treaties of commerce, [66];

renews treaty with Brittany, [112];

treaties with Burgundy, [4];

commercial treaty with Florence, [117];

with Riga, [113];

with Scandinavia, [ib.];

with Venice, [118];

confirms treaty of Utrecht, [112];

negotiations with Hanseatic League at Antwerp, [113];

treatment of Lombards, [116];

secures protection for English merchants in Bordeaux, [119];

stipulations for free trade with Spain, [120]

[Herbert], bishop of Norwich, [282]

Hereford, municipal almshouse at, [41], note 2;

duties of its citizens to their chief magistrate, [126];

town bell, [127];

mode of recovery of freedom, [180], note 3;

the burghers’ account of their freedom, [199], [200];

law against maintainers or protectors, [220], [221];

trial by combat abolished, [ib.];

customs, [317];

relations with lay and ecclesiastical lords and their tenants within its liberties, [317-320];

distinction drawn between “citizens” and “natives,” [318];

authority over those privileged to trade in town, [318], [319];

capital bailiff, [229], [319], [320];

punishment of a vagabond, [319], [320];

tenants of various fees allowed to plead in the courts of, [320];

refusal to give Cardiff copy of customs, [228], [229]

Highway, the king’s, sale of merchandise in, [156]

Holcraft, Thomas, ferm of Liverpool let to, [275]

Holland, engineers from, employed at Hythe, [142], [143], note;

at Sandwich, [142]

“Holland” linen made in England, [57]

Hollingbroke, ward in Romney named after, [402], [403]

Horn, the common, [161];

at Dover, [178], note 5;

of S. Edmundsbury, [296];

of Romney, [404], [405], note 1

Hospital at Exeter, [41], note 2;

at Sandwich, [ib.];

the Magdalen, Winchester, [328], [329];

of S. Nicholas, Harbledown, [369]

Hospital of S. John, Worcester, refusal of its tenants to aid in taxes, &c., [357], note 4

House built by burgher as security on admission to freedom, [179];

of burgher must be kept in proper repair, ib., [180];

of stone, [193];

the Queen’s, at Winchester, [323]

Hull, shipbuilding at, [89];

shipmen’s guild at, [89], note 2

[Hundred], freedom from officers of, [232], [233]

Hundred court in Fordwich, [412];

Sandwich, [401]

Huntingdon, perambulation of its boundaries, [134], note

Huntingdon, Countess of, owner of Barnstaple, [253]

Huy, burgesses at, [11], note 1

Hythe, ownership of, [227], [387], note 1;

member of Cinque Ports, [386];

payment towards renewal of Cinque Ports charters, [390], note 2;

Cranmer’s lease of bailiwick to townspeople, [408];

appointment of bailiff, [ib.], note;

grant of mayor to, [ib.];

new harbour made at (1412), [142], [143];

subscriptions for new steeple, [160], note

Iceland, English Adventurers in, [106], [107]

Income-tax in towns, [139]

Incorporation, charters of, [219], note 1

Industry, revolution in, during 14th and 15th centuries, [39], [40], [44], [45];

changes in, [67], [70], [71];

relations of government to, [67], [70-72];

state protection of, [72], [73]

Inferiores, in Lynn, [193], note

Inns of London, [378], note 2;

bailiffs and jurats allowed to hold, in Romney, [404], note 2;

the “Swan” at Canterbury, [216]

Intercursus Magnus, [112]

[Ipswich], archbishop of Canterbury given right to trade in, [177], note 2;

general assembly, [224];

barge, [85], note 2;

charter from John, [223], [224];

charter withdrawn, [247], note 4;

Domesday Roll, [225];

election of officers, [224];

Guild Merchant, ib., [224], [225];

ordinances, [224];

arrest of Scotch priests, [230], note 3;

common seal, [225];

guardianship of sea, [234], note 2

Ireland, its trade with Liverpool, [270]

Irishmen, feeling against, in the towns, [173], [174], note 1

Iron, trade in England, [54];

increase in price, [55];

imported from Sweden and Spain, [55]

Italy, merchants of, their privileges in England, [78];

expulsion from London, [329], [330];

hire houses in Winchester, [330];

settle in Southampton, [ib.]

Jewry of Bishop’s Lynn, [283]

John, advantages to towns of his money difficulties, [237];

charter to Ipswich, [223];

to Liverpool, [270];

to Lynn, [283]

Jurats of the Cinque Ports, [386]

Jury, citizens from twelve years old might serve on, [184];

exemption from serving on, granted to burghers of Reading, [306];

payments to “friendly,” [212];

no trial by, in Cinque Ports, [388], note 6

Justices, itinerant, shut out from Cinque Ports, [388];

of the Peace, [247]

Kent, men of, their evil reputation in Middle Ages, [415]

Kiln of feudal lord, [199]

King, the, and Commons, [25], note 3, [26];

his sovereign rights, [207-209];

various officers of, who visited the towns, [208-210];

power of, to withdraw or question the value of charters and ancient customs, [211], [212];

as lord of manor, [229-232];

his sympathy with borough in questions as to rival jurisdictions, [232], [233];

his difficulty in finding sufficient officers, [234];

power of granting privileges beyond that of other lords, [263], note 2;

loans to, [27], note 2, [305], note 1

[King’s] court, [208]

Labour, division of, [67];

forced, in towns, [141], [142]

Landowners, unfavourable conditions of life of, [258-268]

Language, English, prayers in, used by a Norfolk guild, [42], note

Laonnais, federative republic of, [415]

Law, king’s, and town law, [236], note

Law day, business done at, [203]

Law Merchant, [48]

Lawsuits, increase caused by growth of trade, [58];

of nobles, [266]

Leet in Norwich, [240], [242], [243]

[Leet] court, [336];

in Lynn, [288], [294];

in Norwich, [230], note 3;

in Nottingham, [336], note 3

Leghorn won by Florence, [79]

[Leicester], owned by lay noble, [227];

dispute about election of mayor, [235], note 2;

town property, [269], note;

charter from Edmund Crouchback, [ib.];

regulations as to taxes, [355], note 2;

Guild Merchant, [ib.];

duel in, [221], note 2;

petition for abolition of “borough English” in, [222]

“Libel of English Policy,” [61], [62];

the second, [62-64]

Likedelers of Calais, [90]

[Lincoln], charter of, [238], note 2;

complaint about trials in, [336], [337];

freedom from duel, [221], note 2

Linen manufacture, its beginnings in England, [57]

Lisbon, commercial treaty with, [121]

Lisle, Lord, his death at Nibley Green, [267]

[Liverpool], burgages in, [172];

takes place of Chester as landing place, [270];

trade with Ireland, [ib.];

common seal, [ib.];

election of bailiffs, [ib.];

charter from John, [ib.];

from Henry III., [ib.];

granted to constable of Lancaster Castle, [ib.];

resumed by John, [ib.];

to Earl of Chester, [ib.];

to Earl of Derby, [ib.];

to Edmund Crouchback, [ib.];

passed by marriage to John of Gaunt, [ib.];

Quo Warranto in, [ib.], [271];

first mayor, [218], note, [271];

leases of fee form, [218], note, [270], [271];

liberties usurped by Edmund Crouchback, [271];

dependence on lord, [272];

reverts to crown, [ib.];

petition of burgesses, [ib.], note 3;

relations with Molyneux and Stanley, [273-276];

grant of ferm to David ap Griffith, [275];

ferm let to Thomas Holcraft, [ib.];

granted to corporation, [ib.];

revenue, [273], note 1

Livery, [339];

town laws against, [257], [268];

supplied from lord’s estate, [260]

Loans, voluntary, from towns to the king, [27], note 2

Lombards settled in London, [81];

their relations with Edward IV., Richard III., and Henry VII., [116];

persecution of, in London, [ib.]

London hires out its common barge, [87], note 3;

bell foundries in, [55], [56];

first notice of bricks in, [56], note 3;

bridge of, [144];

drapers of, [52], note 3;

cloth sold in, [54], note 1;

use of coal in, [55], note 1;

wealth of its goldsmiths, [58];

guildhall, [378], note 2;

Flemish Hanse of, [76];

guildhall of Hanseatic League, [110];

inns, [378], note 2;

Italian merchants expelled from, [329], [330];

Lombards in, [81], [116];

house of Cologne merchants in, [76], note 1;

Merchants’ Fellowship of, its attempt to monopolize export of cloth, [69];

annexes Middlesex, [219], note 3;

Recorder of, [372], [378], note 2;

silk manufacture in, [57], note 2;

settlers from, at Rye, [17];

effort to concentrate oreign trade in, [69];

paviour from, employed at Southampton, [18], note;

great play acted in, [145]

Longport, Canterbury, disputes about rights of arrest in, [372]

Lübeck, head of the Hanseatic League, [81], [82];

succeeds to financial importance of Florence, [79];

its merchants farm the English wool tax, [83];

lend money to Edward III., [ib.];

rent English mines, [ib.]

Lucas, Hugh, arrest of, in Exeter, [351]

Lydd, expenses incurred in war, [415], note 4;

fine for refusing to take journey on town business in, [187];

incorporation under mayor and jurats, [398], note 2;

assessment of income tax, [139], note 2;

imitates Romney jetty, [143], note;

liberties given by Edward I. to, [410];

quarrel with Battle about boundaries, [411];

loan to Thomas Dygon, [139];

minstrels at, [147];

plays, &c., at, [148];

provision for poor in, [41], note 2;

Portuguese in, [122], note;

use of archbishop’s seal in, [410];

its services at archbishop’s court commuted for yearly payment, [409], [410];

its hired ships, [87];

style under Henry VI., [410];

subjection to Romney, [410], [411];

town clerk, [411];

watch on S. John’s Eve, [148]

[Lynn] under Bishop of Norwich, [227], [282];

granted by Bishop Herbert to monks of Norwich, [282];

repurchased, [283-4];

charters from John, [283];

of 1335, [289];

from bishop, [290];

struggle between bishop and town, [287-294];

petition for relief from demands of king’s bailiffs, [285], note 1;

expenses of bribes, [214], note 3;

Church of St. Margaret, [283];

disputes with the lords of Castle Rising, [284-5] various courts held by the Bishop of Norwich, [285-6];

courts leased by bishop to burghers, [294];

municipal debt, [140], note 1;

franchise controlled by the Bishop of Norwich, [286];

dispute about the view of frankpledge, [290], [294];

guildhall, [283];

guild of merchants, [89];

Guild Merchant, [286], [288];

house of the Hanseatic League, [110];

cross set up by hermit at, [175], note;

“Inferiores,” [193], note;

Jewry, [283];

Leet court, [288], [294];

Tolbooth court, [286], [288];

the authority of the mayor limited by the Bishop of Norwich, [286];

disputes of merchants with the Hanse, [91], note 2;

lends money to the king, [27], note 2;

payment of players, [145], note;

growth of shipping, [87];

taxation for Church expenses, [158], note 3;

trade with Iceland forbidden, [107], note 1;

wealth in the thirteenth century, [286];

proving of wills at, [289]

“Lyvelode,” [139]

Maces, at Canterbury, [381];

Exeter, [339], [367];

Norwich, [246];

Reading, [306];

Romney, [406]

Maintenance, statute of, [221], note 1;

town laws against, [257]

Malmesbury, dispute about guild at, [302], note 2

“Maltodes,” [139]

Malvern, fifteenth century glass at, [56], note 4

Manchester, qualifications of burghers in, [170], note 2;

charter, [181], note 3

Mancroft, ward in Norwich, [240]

Manufactures, growth of, in England in fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, [44], [45], [67];

of cloth, [52-54];

of wool, in Normandy, [119]

Manufacturers, rivalry with merchants, [68]

Marienburg, treaty of commerce made at, [104], note 6

Mariners of England and France, agreement between, [396], note 3

Market, the king’s clerk of, [208];

payments for freedom of, [192];

market at Barnstaple, [253], note 3;

Canterbury, [371-2], [377-380];

Exeter, [359], [360]

Marshal of king’s house, extent of his jurisdiction, [209]

Mastez in Sandwich, [184], note 5

Matthyessone, Gerard, Dutch engineer employed at Romney, [143], note

Mayor, election of, [12];

its connexion with settlement of fee-farm rent, [218], note 1;

various offices given to, [231], [233], [234], [236];

position between the king and townspeople, [236-7];

of Bristol, charter to the, [313];

his daughter’s marriage with Lord Berkeley, [316];

of Canterbury, his office respecting pilgrims, [376];

of Exeter, his dependence on the Earl of Devonshire, [339];

of Fordwich, his jurisdiction, [412];

of Hythe, [408], note;

of Leicester, dispute about election of, [235], note 2;

of Liverpool, first election of, [218], note, [271];

of Lydd, [398], note 2;

of Lynn, his authority limited by Bishop of Norwich, [286];

dispute with the Bishop about jurisdiction, [289-94];

his sword, [293];

of Norwich, rights of jurisdiction given to, in 1403, [245-6];

made mayor of Staple, [245];

his salary, [ib.];

his sword and maces, [246];

appointed King’s Escheator in Norwich, ib.;

of Reading, provision for his salary, [300], [304], [305];

his mace, [306];

disputes about election, ib., [307];

of Romney, [409];

deposed by Privy Seal, [407];

of Sandwich, [400];

his power to arrest on suspicion, [184], note 5;

of Winchester, [325];

of the Staple, [46], [48]

Mediterranean, its trade, [77], [78]

Melton, action against townsmen for not baking bread at lord’s oven in, [199], note 1

Memling’s Last Judgement, its adventures, [109], note 2

Mendip, mines in, [55]

Mercers of York, [89], note 2

Merchant Guild, see [Guild Merchant]

Merchants, their aversion from foreign war, [64];

rivalry with manufacturers, [68];

associations of, [88];

increase in their number, [89];

Fellowship of, at Bristol, [ib.];

guild of, at Lynn, [ib.];

Italian, their privileges in England, [78];

of London, seek to monopolize foreign trade, [69];

Statute of, [156]

Middlesex annexed to London, [219], note 3

Mill of feudal lord, [199];

at Canterbury, [371-2], [380-1]

Mines, English, [55];

rented by Lübeck merchants, [83]

Miners of Mendip, riot of, [55];

of Sussex, [415]

Minstrels, [147];

of Canterbury, [145]

Mint at Calais, [49]

Moleyns, Bishop of Chichester, his Libel of English Policy, [61], [62]

Molyneux, Sir Richard, his relations with Liverpool, [273-276]

Monkenkey, Sandwich, owned by Christ Church, Canterbury, [400]

Montault, Robert of, his struggle with Lynn, [284-5]

Montfort, Simon de, Norwich and Winchester against, [242];

supported by Cinque Ports, [388], note 5

Moot Hall at Colchester, [14]

Morgespeche of Guild of Reading, [303]

Morpeth, [227]

Mortmain, Statute of, [219], [246-7];

extended to cities and boroughs, [219], note 2

Morton, Cardinal, [211], note, [376-7]

Music, its developement in England in fifteenth century, [44]

“Natives,” their distinction from citizens in Hereford, [318]

Navigation Act, the first, [84];

put in force by Henry VII., [94];

of 1489, [112], [119]

Navy, mediæval idea of its origin and use, [75];

planned by Henry V., [86];

merchant, its character, [92];

its inefficiency as a royal navy, [93]

Netherlands, rivalry with England in the cloth trade, [65], [66];

English traders in, [98-101]

Newgate, leet of, in Norwich, [242], [243]

Nicholas of the Tower (ship), [89]

Nibley Green, battle of, [267], [316]

Nobles, their patronage sought by towns, [216];

honours paid to, [256];

dress and state, [ib.], [257];

decay and poverty, [257];

stores of treasure, [259];

money difficulties, [ib.];

dependents, [260];

borrowing and debts, [261-2];

leasing out privileges to townspeople, [263];

frequent absences from home, [264], [265];

heavy consequences of rebellions and civil wars to, [265-266];

feuds and lawsuits, [266-268]

Non-burgesses, [193-196]

Norfolk, cloth-making in, [52], note 1;

worsted manufacture, [54];

increase of lawsuits, [58];

traders robbed by Danes, [91]

Normandy, beginning of its woollen manufactures, [119];

Henry I.’s charters to towns in, [172], note 1

[Northampton], charter of, [238], note 2;

collection of arrears of ferm, [205-6]

Norton Mandeville, cloth sold at, [54], note 1

[Norwich], its condition before Henry II.’s time, [238];

charter of Richard I., [ib.];

of Henry III., [242];

of Edward I., [ib.];

of Henry IV., [245-6];

sided with king against De Montfort, [242];

authority exercised by Parliament over, [235], note 2;

liberties forfeited, [243], [247], note 4;

petition in 1307, [243-4];

made county, [245];

made staple town, [245];

sues for repayment of a loan to the king, [27], note 2;

twelve of its citizens distrained for the city’s debt to the king, [140];

action in Wars of the Roses, [37], note;

under the protection of Suffolk, [216];

rivalry with Yarmouth, [163], note;

admiral appointed in, [245];

its burghers freed from arrest for debt, [242];

four bailiffs, [240], [245], [246];

bell foundries, [55], [56];

Borough Court, [239];

castle fee and its tenants, [240], [241], [244], [245], [313];

law passed to compel men to become citizens, [190];

church of S. George, [243];

exemption from clerk of the market, [208], note 2, [245];

ditch, [242];

exports in 1374, [88], note 2;

ferm, [238];

provision for, [244];

guild of S. George, [150];

system of government imitated by Yarmouth and Colchester, [238], note 2;

inhabitants in thirteenth century, [171], note 3;

increase of lawsuits in, [58];

four leets, [240];

leet of Newgate, [242], [243];

amercements ordered by Leet Court, [230], note 3;

mayor of, his salary, [208], note 1;

his rights of jurisdiction, [245-6];

his sword and maces, [246];

made mayor of Staple, [ib.];

made King’s Escheator, [ib.];

payment for charter, [238];

petition against players, [152];

Provost, [238], [239];

seal, [246];

sheriffs, [ib.];

municipal taxation, royal interference with, [219], note 4, [241], [355], note 2;

adventures of a thief, [243];

tollbooth, [239];

four wards, [239], [240];

towers and walls, provision for repairing, [245], note 4

Norwich, Bishops of, see [Herbert], [Lynn]

[Nottingham], borough in ancient demesne, [227];

charter, [238], note 2;

franchise forfeited, [247], note 4;

foreigners to pay £10 for admission to freedom, [178], note 5;

payment for liberties, [232], note 1;

rights of taxation given to the guild, [355], note 2;

“booners” in, [141];

“borough English,” [222], note 1;

bridge, [144];

burgages, [172];

court leet, [336], note 3;

pledges, [178], note 4;

pleas concerning trade, [58]

Novgorod, [77], [111]

Official, the Master, of the archdeacon at Nottingham, [336], note 3

Onterdel, Dutch engineer employed at Romney, [143], note

Oporto, commercial treaty with, [121]

[Orphans], Court of, [41], note 2

Outbutchery built in Reading, [304]

Oven of feudal lord, [199];

of householders at Preston, [ib.]

Oxford, first notice of bricks in, [56], note 3

Palmer, John, of Exeter, [41], note 2

[Parliament], representation of towns in, [4], [7], [24], [25];

Brinklow’s criticism on, [60], note 4;

authority exercised by, in Norwich, [235], note 2;

expenses of members of, in Winchester, [329];

see [Commons]

Paston family, stores in their house, [259], note 2

Paston, Sir John, [260], [265]

Paston, Judge, [265]

Pavilion, the, in Winchester, [322]

Paving of towns, [18], note

Payments from towns for the confirmation of charters, [211], [303];

for liberties, [232], [238];

for deliverance from feudal obligations, [198];

in kind at Bridport, [204-5]

Peasant Revolt, [196], [237]

“Penny prykke,” game of, [363]

Pershore, Abbot of, his gallows in Worcester, [310]

Philip, Archduke, makes Bruges the staple for English cloth in Flanders, [113], note 3

Picardy, commercial league of, [415]

“Piers Ploughman,” picture of English life in, [21];

dealings with the social problems of the day, [22];

his theory of King and Commons, [25], note 3, [26]

Pilgrims to Canterbury, provision for the safety and comfort of, [375], [376]

Pillory, [252], [315]

Pit and gallows, right of, [2], note

Pirates attack English Adventurers, [90], [91]

Pisa, English wool merchants at, [117]

Plays, [145-148]

Players, petition against, in Norwich, [152]

Pledges required of candidates for citizenship, [178]

[Plimpton], charter of Baldwin of Redvers to, [263], note 2;

agreement of the convent of, with Plymouth, [296], note;

rope yarn made at, [202]

Plumpton family, their money difficulties, [261]

Plumpton, Sir John, [130]

Plumpton, Sir William, [265], [266], note 1

Plymouth, its agreement with the convent of Plimpton, [296], note;

money collected for S. Andrew’s by church ales, [160], [161];

regulations about the use of copes, [158];

the guild of our Lady and S. George, [ib.];

of Corpus Christi, [151];

incorporation of tailors, [ib.]

Ponthieu, federative republic of, [415]

Portmanbrok in Reading, [300], [304]

Portmen in Ipswich, [224]

[Portmote], see [Borough Court]

Portugal succeeds Venice in the Eastern trade, [121];

commercial treaty with, [ib.]

Pratt, William, builds the first main drain at Canterbury, [19], [20]

Preston, its various lords, [253], note 2;

qualifications of burghers, [170], note 2;

their privileges, [190], note 3, [198], [199];

punishment for breach of public duty, [181]

Prison of the bishop, in Exeter, [362];

freeman’s, [185];

the abbot’s, at Fordwich, [412]

Privy Seal, see [Seal]

Probate, claimed by the Mayor of Canterbury, [200], note 1;

at Lynn, [289]

Provost of Norwich, his election, [238];

his duties, [239];

replaced by four bailiffs, [240]

Prussia, English traders banished from, [66]

Purveyors, the king’s, [210]

Quay at Fordwich, quarrels about the, [413];

of Sandwich, agreement between Christ Church and Sandwich about, [400], note 2

“Queke,” game of, [363]

Quo Warranto in Liverpool, [270]

Radford, Recorder of Exeter, [345], [347]

Radington, Baldwin of, [130]

Ramsey, carpet and tapestry manufactories at, [57];

tenants of King’s Ripton transferred to the Abbey of, [228], note

[Reading], originally on royal demesne, [299];

its subjection to the Abbot, ib., [227];

struggle with him, [300], [301], [303-308];

confirmation of charters, [303];

archers, [16], note;

view of arms, [ib.];

bell, [304];

nineteen bridges, [301], note 2;

the Hallowed Brook, [304];

chepin gavell in, [299], [306];

common chest, [305], [306];

constable, [304], [306];

guild merchant, [300], [303], [304];

guildhall, [303], [304], [305];

exemption from serving on juries granted to burghers, [306];

loans to the king, [305], note 1;

the mayor, his salary, [304], [305];

his mace, [306];

disputes about his election, [306], [307];

Morgespeche, [303];

Outbutchery, [304];

Portmanbrok, [300], [304];

seal for cloth, [308];

contribution of soldiers under Edward VI., [16], note

Reap-silver, [171], note 2

Recorder of Exeter, [345], [347];

of London, [372], [378], note 2

Redcliffe, dispute about ownership of, [314], [315];

incorporated with Bristol, [314], note

Redvers, Baldwin of, his charter to Plimpton, [263], note 2

Religion among English townsfolk in 15th century, [42]

Rhine, commercial league of the, [415]

Ricart of Bristol, his notices of political events, [37], note

Richard I., advantages to towns of his money difficulties, [237];

his charters to towns, [238]

Richard III.’s dealings with York, [27], note 2

Richard of Almayne, his grant to Exeter, [357]

Riga, Henry VII.’s commercial treaty with, [113]

Ripon, its fair, [130];

fight at, in 1441, [ib.]

Ripton, King’s, tenants of, transferred to the abbey of Ramsey, [228], note

Rising, Castle, disputes between the lords of, and the bishop of Norwich, [284];

its rights in Lynn pass to Edward III., [285]

Roan, John, Flemish engineer employed at Romney, [143], note

Rochelle, its wine trade with Romney, [88]

Rochester, the King’s hackney-men in, [209], note 3;

castle of, owner of land in Lydd, [409]

Roll, the Black, of Exeter, [345]

Romney under Archbishop of Canterbury, [227];

member of Cinque Ports, [386];

ownership of, [387], note 1;

struggle for freedom, [404-409];

claim to be a royal borough, [407-408];

struggle with Lydd, [409], [411];

auditing of town accounts, [139], note 2;

bailiff, [404-406];

bell, [405], note 1;

Cranmer’s refusal to lease out bailiwick to townspeople, [408-409];

common barges, [87], [88];

decay of burghers, [403];

book of customs, [405], note 1;

commerce, [87], [88];

common hall, [129], note 2, [403], [405], note 1;

common horn, [404], [405], note 1;

care of common lands, [136], [137];

decrease of freemen, [190];

bailiffs and jurats allowed to hold inns, [404], note 2;

government by senior jurat, [409];

places of assembly of jurats, [405], note 1;

grant of mayor, [409];

mayor deposed by Privy Seal, [407];

silver mace, [406];

payment for maintenance of liberties of Cinque Ports, [390], note 2;

plays at, [148];

silting up of its port, [403];

punishment of elected mayor or jurat who refused to serve, [188];

seal, [405], note 1;

sluices, [143], note;

assessment of taxes, [402], note 4;

trade, [402-403], [88];

wards, [402], note 4

Roofs of tiles or brick, houses to be provided with, [194]

Ropes, made at Bridport, [202]

Rosiers, at Canterbury, dispute for jurisdiction over, [135], [136]

Rother, river, [403]

Rotherham college, its red brick, [56], note 3

Rowley, William, [120], note

Russia, Henry VII.’s attempt to secure trade with, [113]

Rye, ownership of, [387], note 1;

member of Cinque Ports, [386];

growth, [17];

auditing of its accounts, [139], note 2;

expenses for war, [415], note 4;

tax for its fortification, [129], note 1;

London merchants in, [17];

building of its quay, [142], note 2;

rights of sanctuary forbidden in, [338];

its “schipwrite,” [88], note 2;

trade, [88];

gifts to poor, [41], note 2;

wards, [17]

Sailors, in seaports, [194]

St. Albans, ownership of, [227];

renounces its liberties, [295], note 2;

its seal, ib.

St. Edmundsbury, its agricultural services, [171], note 2;

dispute with abbot, [296-298];

Guild of Young Men, [296], [297];

claims a merchant guild, [297], [298];

common horn, [296];

seal, [298]

Salford, qualification for citizenship in, [170], note 2

Salisbury, bell foundries at, [55], [56];

cloth sold at, [54], note 1;

relations between citizens and bishop, [281], note

Sanctuary, question of, [337-8];

in Canterbury Cathedral, [374];

rights of, forbidden in Rye, [338]

Sandwich, member of Cinque Ports, [386];

port of London, [369], note 3;

ownership, [387], note 1, [399], [400];

freedom as royal borough, [402];

refuses loan to the king, [27], note 2;

quarrels with Canterbury, [163], note;

mastery of Fordwich, [411-413];

common assembly, [401];

Hundred court, ib.;

powers of King’s bailiff in, [400-402];

church of S. Clements, [401];

of S. Peter, [ib.];

engages a Dutchman to make a new dyke, [142];

harbour, [369];

privilege of burghers, [185];

market-place and common hall, [401];

the Mastez in, [184], note 5;

its mayor manager of the hospitals, [41], note 2;

his power to arrest on suspicion, [184], note 5;

mayor and jurats, [400-402];

Monkenkey, [400];

punishment of men charged with homicide or theft, [221], note 2;

of elected treasurer who refused to serve, [188];

penalty for wounding in, [132], note 2

Scarborough, its complaint about ferm, [247], note 4

“Scavadge,” [142], note 1

Scot-ales, [206], [207]

Scotland, war with, Morton’s demands for, [376], [377]

Scots traders at Veere, [98], note 5

Schonen, English cloth dealers at, [95]

Seaford, [386], note 2

Seaports, their duties, [128], [129]

[Seals], [175-6];

English, their fine workmanship, [225], note;

of Archbishop of Canterbury used in Lydd, [410];

of Barnstaple, [225], note;

of Doncaster, [269], note;

Ipswich, [225];

Liverpool, [270];

Norwich, [246];

for sealing the cloth in Reading, [308];

of Romney, [405], note 1;

St. Albans, [295], note 2;

of S. Edmundsbury, [298];

of Lord Warden of Cinque Ports, necessary to make King’s writ valid, [387];

the Great, request that only laymen should have charge of, [365], note 3;

the Privy, writ of, [341];

mayor of Romney deposed by, [407]

Security required by town on admission of man to freedom, [179]

Self-government in the towns, [1-3], [218]

Selling, Prior, of Christ Church, Canterbury, [377]

Serfs, conditions of their emancipation in towns, [174], note 3

[Shepway], court of, [388], [391-394], [396], note 2

[Sheriff], jurisdiction of the, [203-4];

appointment of deputy by, [204];

assessor and collector of royal taxes and rents, [ib.];

duties as head of shire forces, [ib.];

tyranny and extortion of, [206];

hatred of, expressed in popular ballads and books, [207];

term of office, [234], note 3;

business at Bridport, [204];

modes of extortion in Canterbury and Bridgenorth, [207];

court at Dorchester, [203], [204];

of Norfolk, his Curia Comitatus at Norwich, [239];

jurisdiction there, [246];

of Norwich, [246]

“Shewage,” [142], note 1

Shillingford, John, [338], [340-341], [346-348], [350]

Shipbuilding for aliens, [86];

at Hull, [89];

at Woolwich, [84], note 1;

its costliness, [87]

Shipmen’s guild at Hull, [89], note 2

Shipping, native and foreign, regulation of, [84];

its conditions in England, [85], [86];

growth in seaport towns, [87];

trade taken under State protection (1489), [112]

Ships, English and foreign, sizes of, [84], note 1;

English, dispute with Flemish, [92], note 2;

see Christopher, Grâce, Harry, Nicholas, Trinity

Shire officers, [203-207];

freedom from them, [232-3]

Shrewsbury, wearing of liveries forbidden in, [268], note 2

Shrewsbury, Countess of, her agreement with James, Lord of Berkeley, [266]

Silk, its importation forbidden, [110];

manufacture, its beginning in England, [57];

carried on by women in London, [ib.], note 2

Silver mines in England, [55], note 1

Skenes, Irish, [351]

Soke, the bishop’s at Winchester, [322]

Soldiers, charges of levying for royal service, [374]

Somerset, its silver mines, [55], note 1

Southampton, owned by King, [227];

burgess imprisoned for its rent, [140], [141];

liberties forfeited, [247], note 4;

its aqueduct and water supply, [19], note;

constable of castle, [312];

gallows, [2], note;

licence to buy and sell during S. Giles’ Fair, [329];

Italian merchants at, [78], [81], [330];

paving, [18], note;

provision for poor, [41], note 2;

ship, [85], note 2;

rights of Bishop of Winchester in, during fair of S. Giles, [324], note 3

Spain, English trade with, [120], [121]

Stalls, in Exeter market place, [360];

the Queen’s, in Winchester, [323]

Stanley, John of, [130]

Stanley, Sir John, his relations with Liverpool, [273-276]

Staple, the, [45];

its wanderings under Edward III., [ib.], [46];

fixed at Calais, [ib.];

mayors and aldermen of, [ib.], [48];

English towns of, [46];

rules, [46-48];

authority, [48];

merchants of, monopolize export of wool, [49];

of Calais, its money transactions with the captain and the Government, ib., [50];

decline, [51];

struggle against Merchant Adventurers, [101-103];

Mediterranean merchants freed from its control, [78];

appointment of mayor as mayor of, [234];

set up by English adventurers at Bergen, [95];

for English cloth in Flanders, placed at Bruges by Archduke Philip, [113], note 3

Staplegate at Canterbury, [370]

Statute of Maintenance, [221], note 1;

of Merchants, [156];

of Mortmain, [219], [246-7]

Steel-yard, the, [83], [109], [110]

Steward of King’s house, his jurisdiction, [209]

[Steward’s Hall Port] of Lynn, [294]

Stonor, harbour of, [369]

Sturgeon, Nicholas, [44], note 1

Sturmys of Bristol, sends a ship to the East, [115]

Sturry, [369]

Sudbury, Archbishop, [374]

Suffolk, Duke of, [216]

Sussex, miners of, their evil reputation in Middle Ages, [415]

Swithun, S., the convent of, at Winchester, [322], [323], see [Winchester]

Sword, of mayor of Norwich, [246];

of mayor of Lynn, [293]

Tailors at Plymouth incorporated, [151]

Taperaxe, [412]

Tapestry factory at Ramsey, [57]

Taverner, John, builds a “carrack” at Hull, [89]

Tax on wool farmed by Lübeck merchants, [83]

Taxation, changes in, [27], note 1;

of cloth, [81], note 1;

illegal, controlled by Commons, [25], note 3;

internal, of towns, [139], [355-357];

interference with, in Norwich, [219], note 4

Temple Fee, Bristol, [313], note 2

Tennis, game of, [363]

Tetbury fair, [314]

Teutonic Order banishes English traders from Prussia, [66]

“Thefeswell” in Fordwich, [412]

Thiefdown, [221], note 2

Thomas, S., feast of translation of, [370]

Tin-works, Cornish, rented by Lübeck merchants, [83]

[Tolbooth] at Norwich, [239];

Court at Lynn, [286], [288];

Port, at Lynn, [294]

Toll hall at Bridport, [16]

Tolls of cloth-exporters and staplers compared, [52];

on export, [90], note 2;

for Merchant Adventurers, fixed by charter in Burgundy, [96];

freedom from, granted to burghers, [183]

Topsham, [359]

Totnes, jurisdiction of the lord’s bailiff in, [252-3];

disputes between lord and tenants, [252];

poverty in 1449, [159];

wooden belfry replaced by stone tower, [160];

Guild under Henry II. and John, [251];

rights claimed by, [251-2];

Merchant Guild, [175], note;

water-bearers, [157], note

Towns, English, their importance in fifteenth century, [1];

significance of their history, [8-10];

beginning of municipal history, [11];

contrast of their history with that of French communes, [29-32];

their lowly beginnings, [33];

relation to the Government, [27];

importance of their internal administration, [20];

their contribution to the reorganization of society, [23], [24];

progress up to fourteenth century, [10-12];

in fourteenth century, [13];

place in history of fifteenth century, [40-44];

fallen condition in 1835, [5], [6];

attitude in Wars of Roses, [164];

ratify Henry VII.’s treaties with Burgundy, [4];

their self-contained and self-dependent life, [125];

changes in their condition through increase of industry and commerce, [171];

amusements in, [145-153];

assemblies, [223];

“common barges,” [140];

preservation of boundaries and “liberties,” [134];

common lands, [136], [137];

common revenue, [139];

competition and commercial jealousy in, [163];

corporate property, [138];

criers, [161], [162], [180];

duties, [4];

duty of citizens to chief magistrate and community, [126];

military duties, [129-131];

military discipline, [127], [128];

freedom of election, [5];

its decay, [6], [7];

festivals, [149], [152], [153];

financial responsibility, [140], [165-167];

refusal to take up the franchise, [186];

forced labour in, [141], [142];

extent of their jurisdiction, [3], [190-193], [333-8];

right of criminal jurisdiction in, [2];

election of mayor, [12];

officers’ duties and responsibilities, [186];

representation in Parliament, [4], [7], [24], [25];

patronage of nobles sought by, [216];

paving of, [18], note;

political feeling in, [60], [61];

privileges forfeited, [247], note 3;

their protection extended to men who were not free citizens, [189];

provisions for relief of the poor, [41], note 2;

ranks and classes of men in, [189-196];

conflicting rights in, [309-311];

their self-government, [1-3];

self-taxation, [2];

distribution of taxes in, [355], note 2;

regulation of trade, [2], [3];

watch and ward, [132], [133];

water-supply in, [19];

condition of the working classes in, [195];

public works, [141];

on ancient demesne, [227-229];

dependent on other boroughs, [227], note;

on ecclesiastical estates, [227], [277-281];

on feudal estates, [250-1];

subject to monastic rule, [295];

seaport, their duties during Hundred Years’ War, [128], [129];

of the Staple, [46];

see [Boroughs]

Townspeople lay rectors of parish church, [157];

their temper in the fifteenth century, [165]

Tracy, Henry de, holder of Barnstaple, [253], note 3

[Trade], its regulation in towns, [2], [3];

early associations for protection of, [32];

increase of lawsuits concerning, [58];

revolution in fifteenth century, [51];

endeavour to exclude foreigners from, [73];

attempts to protect it from piracy, [91];

right of, given to burghers, [182];

payment for rights of, [189];

with the East, monopolized by Italians, [114];

diverted from Venice to Portugal, [121];

English, with Bordeaux, [118], [119], [316], note 1;

with Genoa, proposal to forbid, [116];

with the North, [106], [107], [114];

of Florence, [78], [79];

foreign, Bishop Moleyns’s views of, [61], [62];

an anonymous “Libeller” on, [62-64];

London attempts to monopolize, [69];

injured by war with France, [64], note;

of Romney, [403];

free, adopted by Florence, [117];

of the country, formidable rival to protected trade of towns, [193];

between Liverpool and Ireland, [270];

of the Mediterranean, [77], [78];

State protection of, [72], [73];

its results at Venice, [80];

by sea, its early routes, [75], [77];

Venetian, bill against, proposed in Parliament, [115];

of Winchester, [324], [328];

in beer, with Flanders, [57];

in cloth, its rise, [51-54], [94], [95];

rivalry in, between England and Flanders, [65-66];

in iron, [54];

in wool, [45], [49], [51];

in wine, between Aquitaine and England, [118-120];

from Rochelle to Romney, [88];

struggle between England and Venice for, [116-118];

licenses for trade given to lords of Berkeley, [316], note 1

Traders in the towns, [189-192];

privileged, living outside towns, [192-3]

[Treaties] of commerce, Henry VII.’s, [66];

with Brittany, [112];

with Castile and Catalonia, [120];

Henry VII.’s, with Florence, [117];

with Portugal, [121];

with Riga and Scandinavia, [113];

of Marienburg, [104], note 6;

of Utrecht, [110];

of 1475, 1486, 1495, [119], note 2;

of 1496 (Intercursus Magnus), [112]

Trials, complaint about, in Lincoln, [336-7]

Trinity of Berkeley (ship), [316], note 1

Tumbril, [252], [315]

Under-sheriff, appointed by sheriff, [204]

Unenfranchised class, increase of, in towns, [196]

Utrecht, treaty with the Hanse made at (1474), [110];

confirmed by Henry VII., [112]

Veere, depôt of Scottish traders at, [98], note 5

Venice, its state-protected trade, [80];

its trade with Southampton, [81];

diverted to Portugal, [121];

bill to forbid its carrying trade proposed in Parliament, [115];

driven out of Egypt, [114];

struggle of English merchants with, [116];

Henry VII.’s agreement with, [118]

Vitalien Brüder, [90]

Waits, [145]

Walls, provision for repairing in Norwich, [245], note 4

Wards in Norwich, [239], [240];

in Romney, [402], note 4;

in Rye, [17]

Warden, the Lord, of the Cinque Ports, towns under the rule of, [386];

his authority, [390-394];

powers as Constable of Dover Castle, as Admiral, as Chancellor, [392];

his seal, necessary to make King’s writs valid, [387]

Warden of the Poor at Exeter, [41], note 2

Warwick, its various lords, [309], [310]

Warwick, Earl of, the Kingmaker, [257-8], [415]

Watch and ward, [132], [133];

controversy about in Exeter, [357-8]

Water supply in towns, [19], note

Wayneflete, Bishop of Winchester, [326], note

Weald, iron trade in, [54]

Weavers of Chester, their riot in 1399, [130], note 1;

English and foreign, their rivalry, [65];

Flemish, their struggle against importation of English cloth, [99-101];

in Bristol, [193]

Weights and Measures, Act of 1429, [3], note

Wells, under Bishop of Wells, [227];

fees in kind at, [178]

Westgate, Canterbury, [381];

Archbishop’s tenants of, [370]

Westminster, silk manufactory at, [57], note 2;

Abbot of, his gallows in Worcester, [310]

Westwick, ward in Norwich, [240]

Weymouth, ownership of, [227]

Whitstable, rights claimed by Archbishop of Canterbury’s tenants, of, [371]

Wikham, John, “schipwrite” of Rye, [88], note 2

Wills, enrolled in borough courts, [200], note 1;

probate of, at Lynn, [289];

claimed by Mayor of Canterbury, [200], note 1

Winchelsea, ownership of, [387], note 1;

member of Cinque Ports, [386];

punishment of thief at, [221], note 2

[Winchester], owned by King, [227];

charter, [238], note 2;

sided with King against De Montfort, [242];

its reputed antiquity, [321];

poverty, [190];

decrease of freemen, [ib.];

dispute between bishops and burghers, [323];

fight between citizens and monks, [324], note 2;

distress and poverty in fifteenth century, [326-330];

Lancastrian sympathies, [326], note;

heavy burdens, [327-9];

petition of burghers to Henry VI., [328], [329];

ferm, fines, and expenses in 1450, ib.;

grant of forty marks to, from ulnage and subsidies of cloths, [329];

various alien bodies within its liberties, [322-324];

common assembly, [321];

boundaries, [322];

castle, [ib.];

corporation, [321];

curfew bell, [324];

S. Giles’ fair, [324], [329];

fraternity of S. John, its payment towards maintenance of walls and bridges, [329], note 2;

provision for ferm, [328], note 2;

franchise refused, [328];

experiment in free-trade, [ib.];

friars, [323];

Magdalen hospital, [328], [329];

mayor, [325];

control of gates, [324];

liberty of Godbeate, [ib.];

Guildhall, [324];

High Street, [322], [323];

Italian merchants in, [330];

King’s officers in, [325];

town officers, [321], [322];

expenses of burgesses to Parliament, [329];

Pavilion, [322];

perambulation of liberties, [ib.];

the Queen’s House, [323];

Queen’s stalls, [ib.];

convent of S. Swithun, [322];

Bishop of, bribes to, [214];

his authority over trade, [324];

palace, [322];

rights of his tenants, [322-3];

Soke, [322]

Windsor, Dean of, gift from Canterbury to, [214]

Wines, variety of, [215];

Rhine, ordered to be carried only in English ships, [110];

see [Trade]

“Wine gavell” in Exeter, [359]

Wingham, Archbishop of Canterbury’s tenants of, [370-1]

Women carry on silk manufacture in London, [57], note 2;

their management of great estates, [265]

Wool, beginning of its manufacture in Normandy, [119];

export of, [45], [49];

under Edward III., [50];

decrease in fifteenth century, [51];

tax on, [49];

farmed by Lübeck merchants, [83]

Wool Hall at Colchester, [14]

Wool-growers, rivalry with cloth-manufacturers, [68]

Woolwich, ship built at, [84], note 1

Worcester, protection of burghers, [184];

law passed to compel men to become citizens, [190];

common coffer, [138], note;

“Great Clothing,” [ib.];

gallows, [310];

hospital of S. John, [357], note 4

Working-classes in towns, condition of the, [195]

Worsted manufacture in Norfolk, [54]

Wynde, burgesses of the, in Barnstaple, [254]

Yarmouth, owned by King, [227];

rivalry with Norwich, [163], note;

made staple town, [ib.];

imitates Norwich system of government, [238], note 2;

riotous population of sailors, [194];

threatens monopoly of Cinque Ports, [394];

its fair, [395], [396], [415]

Yaxley, church-ales at, [161], note

Year gift, [206]

York, owned by King, [227];

its corporation made justiciars for preserving rivers, [234], note 2;

dealings with Richard III., [27], note 2;

reception of Duke of Gloucester, [216], [217];

guilds at, [42], note, [89], note 2;

mercers at, [89], note 2;

territory, [3], note;

its franchise, [196];

dispute about payment of troops, [131], note 3;

riot about common lands, [137], note 2

York, Archbishop of, his attack on Ripon in 1441, [130]

York, Duchess of, gifts from Canterbury to, [215]

Yorkshire, early brick buildings in, [56], note 3

Ypres, decline of its weaving trade, [65]

END OF VOL. I.

Richard Clay and Sons, Limited,
london and bungay.