INDEX
A
Abingdon, money given towards bridges at, [75-6];
Guild of Holy Cross, [215];
supplies Southampton with bends of elms for ploughs, [289]
Accounts of towns, adornment of, [260];
change in manner of keeping and auditing in Lynn, [411];
of Norwich, [370], note 4;
royal, auditing and signing of, [15], note 1
Admiral of the Fleet, [323]
Admiralty, courts of, [319], note 2
Adventurers, merchant, Guild of, [112];
results of their monopoly of cloth trade, [91-92]
Agriculture, law for protection of, [99]
“Alablaster man” of Nottingham, [54], [326]
Alberti, Society of, [290]
Alcock, Bishop of Rochester, [14]
Aldermen in Canterbury, [156], [276], [279], note;
Gloucester, [287];
Lincoln, [279], note;
Norwich, [362], note 2, [380];
Nottingham, [309], [339], [340];
Oxford, [245], note 2, [278], note 2;
Shrewsbury, [286];
Southampton, [307-309], [312], note
Andernach, mill-stones brought from, [406], note 1
Andover, dispute between great people and community in, [245], note 4;
common lands, [237];
leet jury, [229];
merchant guild, [193], note 1, [198], note 1, [199]
Anne of Bohemia, Nottingham given to, [330]
Appleby, its school, [14], note 2
Apprentices, their duty during harvest, [64];
escape from town and become free traders in suburbs, [96-97];
regulations concerning, [99], note 2, [102-104], [108], [120], [212], note 1
Artizans, guilds of, [112];
subjected to town authorities, [151-152];
question as to their admission to guild merchant, [192-193], [199]
Ashburton, its school, [13], note 2
Ascham, his rebuke of noblemen’s sons, [23]
Assembly, the common, [226], [247-249];
of Hereford, [225];
of Sandwich, [225-227], [430];
select committee of, [353];
of Norwich, [365], [371-372], [377-379];
its Rolls, [370];
of Nottingham, [341], [347-348], [352-353]
Assize of beer, [35];
of bread, [35];
of wine, [35];
of breadth of cloth, [67], note 2
Atwill, John, mayor of Exeter, [180]
Atwood, Thomas, town clerk of Canterbury, [263], note 2
Atwood, William, one of counsel of Canterbury, [263], note 2
Aylesbury, charge against miller of, [31-32]
B
Babington, Sir John, [329], note 1
Bablake, church at, [203], note 3;
payment of its warden and priests, [206]
Bablake Gate, Coventry, [207]
Bachelors, fellowship of the, among Exeter tailors, [172]
“Bachery, Le”, Guild of, in Norwich, [389], [392]
Bailiffs, modes of election of, [275], note 3, [276];
of Canterbury, [227], note 2, [276], [283-284];
of Ipswich, [223-224];
of Lincoln, [250];
of leets in Norwich, [361-364], [373];
of Shrewsbury, [285];
of Winchester, [286];
of Yarmouth, [434]
Bakers of Canterbury, [46];
of Exeter, their ordinances, [179];
of London, withdraw outside boundaries, [45];
punishment of fraudulent servants among, [117], note 2;
their right of search transferred to mayor, [149], note 1
Ball, John, [211]
Baltic, trade with Southampton, [289]
Banbury, its school, [17]
Bardi, Society of, rent part of tenement in Southampton, [290]
Bargate Tower, Southampton, [310]
Barge, the town, of Lynn, [410]
Barnstaple, use of seal of commonalty in, [233], note 1
Bartholomew of Baddlesmere, custos of Bristol, [267]
Bartone, Brother William, his connexion with strike of shoemakers’ journeymen in London, [125]
Bate, Andrew, [60]
Bate (brother of Andrew), town clerk of Lydd, [60]
Bath, merchants become Knights of the, [79]
Bayonne, swearing-in of citizens at, [230], note 1
Beam, right of keeping, [27]
Beaufort, Cardinal, [292]
Beer, sent from Kent to Flanders, [89]
Bell, the common, [226];
made for Ely Cathedral, [54];
metal for, got from Lincolnshire, [54], note 1
Bell foundry at Nottingham, [326]
Bellman of Guild of S. George in Norwich, [384]
Benedict, son of Aaron, his mayoralty in Southampton, [307]
Bequests to town corporations, [75-76]
Berford, Simon de, [400]
Berkeley, Lady, founder of first lay school, [16], note 2
Berkeley, Sir Maurice, [79], note 2
Berne, North, its trade with Lynn, [404]
Berwick-on-Tweed, interest of its burghers in municipal affairs, [234], note 3
Beverley, weavers excluded from franchise in, [142];
aldermen of trades assent to governors’ ordinances in, [185], note 2
Bingham, William, founds school, [14], note 2
Birmingham, its Guild of Holy Cross, [213-214];
land and rights of common, [237];
members of Corpus Christi Guild, Coventry, at, [206], note;
town hall, [213]
Biscay, its trade with Southampton, [289], [291], note 3
Black Sea, trade of Southampton with, [291]
Blackburn, Nicholas, Admiral of Fleet, [323]
Blackheath, Nottingham men sent to help King at, [334]
“Blackleg” labour, London saddlers accused of encouraging, [163];
law in London against, [165]
Bonet, Richard, [124]
Books of Courtesy, [3-10];
of towns, [258];
of Dartmouth and Wycombe, their binding, [230], note 2;
Black Book of Hythe, [230], [257], note 4;
of Sandwich, [258], note 3;
Doomsday, of Dorchester, [258];
Red, of Nottingham, [334], [337], [355-356];
White, of Norwich, [258], note 3;
of Sandwich, [258]
Boose, Richard, of Aylesbury, [31-32]
Bordeaux, effect of its loss on Bristol trade, [91]
Boroughs, results of their external relations, [1-2];
their life in fifteenth century, as pictured in songs, [6-12];
results of extension of Statute of Mortmain to, [215];
disputes about property in, [238].
See [Towns]
Bosworth, battle of, [330]
Bowyers of London, [119]
Box, the common, of Southampton, [314]
Bramston, Roger, mayor of Wycombe, [260], note 4
“Brasylle, the Island of”, Bristol ships sent in search of, [73]
Bread, assize of, [35]
Bredon, Friar John, agitator in Coventry, [125], note
Brewers, Piers Ploughman’s picture of, [38];
their early wealth, [60-63];
forbidden to hold offices in towns, [62], note 1;
of Kent, [89];
of Nottingham, [38]
Bridges, at Abingdon, [75-76];
kept in repair by Guild of Holy Cross at Birmingham, [213];
of Nottingham, [322], [324], [341]
Bridgenorth, priests forbidden to keep school at, [18];
no burgess to be made serjeant, [271], note 3;
chief officers elected by special jury, [275];
its “Great Court” of Twenty-four, [275], note 4
Bridgewater, its guild merchant, [214];
Guild of S. Mary or Holy Cross, [214], [215];
town clerk, [261]
Bridport, its suburban manufacturers, [97];
use of paper for accounts, [259];
twelve jurors, [278], note 1
Bright Waltham, manor of, communal organization of its villein tenants, [232], note
Bristol, its Guild of Kalendars, [13], note 2;
rivalry with Gloucester, [42];
treaty with Southampton, [53];
trade, [73];
sends ships on voyages of discovery, [73];
fine merchants’ houses, [74];
plate left by grocer of, [74], note 1;
decline of its wool trade, [91-92];
complaint of weavers against employment of foreigners, [92];
law against employment of women at loom, [96], note;
decay of wealth, [104], note 3;
coruesers, [119], note;
guilds ordered to keep the peace, [153];
robes of officers, [257], note 3;
quarrel about customs, [266-267];
taken into King’s hand, [267];
appointment of custos, [267];
Council of Forty-eight, [268];
Council of Forty, [268], [278], note 2;
charters, [268];
influential families, [267-268];
troubles from neighbouring lords, [328];
guildhall, [37];
guild merchant, [198], note 1;
mayor, his supervision of trades, [37-38];
feeling of burghers for mayor, [228];
merchants, in Corpus Christi Guild at Coventry, [206], note;
town clerk, [20], [264], note 1;
coroner, [267]
Brittany, its trade with Bristol, [73];
with Southampton, [289]
Brodhull, Court of, [428], [433]
Brokers, their duties and payment, [34]
Bromsgrove, its decay, caused by growth of free-traders, [97], note 3
Brown, Thomas, Bishop of Norwich, [392]
Bruges, mayor of Lynn sent as ambassador to, [422]
Bull-baiting, attendance of municipal officers at, [256]
Burellers of London, their quarrel with the weavers, [161-162];
of Winchester, contribution made to ferm by, [154], note 1
Burgesses, their monopoly of trade, [40];
early significance of the word, [231-232];
“inn” and “foreign” in Preston, [47];
of Nottingham, fined for not attending meetings, [336];
act with commonalty, [355], note 3;
the “out”, of Southampton, [47], note 2;
see [Citizens]
[Burghers] of fifteenth century, their anxiety about manners, [9-10];
ambition and love of learning, [11-13];
public munificence, [74-77];
become usurers and money-lenders, [77-78];
alliance with guilds against oligarchy, [167-168],
184;
their theory about the mayor, [227-228];
traditions of ancient liberties, [235-236];
buy copies of Magna Charta, [236];
punished for speaking against town councillors, [256-257];
see [Citizens]
Burgundy, settlers from, in Southampton, [289]
Butchers, forbidden to kill within towns, [32], note 2;
of London, complaint of corporation about, [44-45]
Butchers’ House, Nottingham, [324]
Butt, Thomas, M.P. for Norwich, [400]
C
Cabot, his voyage of discovery, [73]
Cade, Jack, [334]
Calendar of Ricart of Bristol, [20]
Calle, Richard, marries Margery Paston, [80]
Cambridge, school attached to Clare Hall at, [14], note 2;
trade with Rowe of Romney, [61]
Candlemakers of London, [45]
Candles, “Paris”, made at Southampton, [289]
Canterbury, its aldermanries, [283];
aldermen made heads of guilds, [156], [276], [279], note;
bailiffs, [227], note 2, [276], [283-284];
bakers, [46];
charter, [284];
cloth trade, [158];
craft guilds, [155-157];
councils, [278], note 2, [283-284];
disturbance caused by Crompe, [62-63];
freedom granted to Lynn merchants, [49], note 2;
friars, [125], note;
law about inns, [33], note 1;
“Intrantes”, [47];
jubilee of 1420, [43];
manufacturing trade, its decline, [88];
mayor, [284];
ordinances of 1474, [284];
portreeve, [283];
grammar school, [14], note 2;
“Tollerati”, [47];
traders withdraw outside liberties, [45-46];
town clerk, [263], note 2;
triours, [276];
wards, hereditary ownership of, [276], [279], note 1
Cap-makers resist introduction of fulling mills, [90]
Carlisle, extension of its liberties, [40], note 2;
its council, [185];
merchant guild, [185]
Carpenters, rule made by guild of, [147]
Carracks of Genoa, [302], [305], note 1
Carriers, their introduction into England, [28]
Carrow, Prioress of, her disputes with Norwich, [387], note
Castle of Nottingham, [323];
of Southampton, [297], note 3;
constable of, survival of his authority, [297]
Catalonia, ships of, compete with Jacques Cœur for Mediterranean coasting trade, [81]
Caxton, William, [21]
Caxton, Thomas, [261-263]
Chandlers of Norwich, [140]
Charles VII. (of France) borrows from Jacques Cœur, [82]
Charters, privileges given to towns by early, [50-51];
conflicting rights bestowed by two, [51-52];
of incorporation given under Henry VI., [269];
of Bristol, [268];
Canterbury, [284];
Colchester, [282];
Exeter, [180];
Gloucester, [194], note 1;
Leicester, [25], note 1, [258], note 1;
Liverpool, [41];
London, [53], note 1;
Lynn, [421];
Nottingham, [330], [332-334], [339];
Norwich, [371-373], [379], [380], [395];
Oxford, [278], note 2;
Southampton, [306-310];
of cordwainers at Exeter, [179];
of girdlers of London, [143], note 2;
to guild merchant of Lynn, [403], note, [404], [405], note 5, [407];
to craft guilds, [141], [143], note 3;
commons petition for their withdrawal, [182], note 1;
registration of, ordered by law, [150], note 2;
of tailors of Exeter, [173-174], [179-180];
of merchant tailors of London, [143], note 3, [182], note 1;
of Fraternity of B. Trinity at Shrewsbury, [173], note 4
Chaucer, his place in estimation of fifteenth-century scholars, [21]
Cheese, manufacture of, at Southampton, [289]
Chest, the common, of Southampton, [309], [314]
Chester, lands of community at, [237];
two councils, [278], note 2;
inhabitants forbidden to leave, [299], note 4;
mayor pays schoolmaster of Farneworth, [19], note 3
Chesterfield, its guild merchant, [203], note 1
Children practise shooting at Southampton, [297-298];
of countrymen not to be apprenticed to crafts, [99], note 1
Chipping Camden, merchant’s brass in church of, [73]
Churchyards in fifteenth century, [31], note 1
Cider made at Southampton, [289]
Cinque Ports, rights claimed by merchants of, [52], note;
their treaty with Southampton, [53];
pay for copying of Magna Charta, [259], note 2;
jurats of, [278], note 1;
tradition of independence, [429];
source of strength of government in, [433];
resolution of Brodhull in 1526 about elections in, [433-434]
Cirencester, cloth manufacture at, [68]
[Citizens], loss of freedom by, for helping “foreign” merchants, [39];
distinguished from community or commonalty, [231-235], [311], [334-336];
of Norwich, [366], [367], [368], [370], [373], [376], [399-401];
“denizen” and “foreign”, of Worcester, [39], [40];
the swearing-in of, at Bayonne, [230], note 1.
See [Burghers]
Clergy, their admission to guild merchant, [193]
Clerk, the common or town, his position and duties, [257-264];
of Bridgewater, [261];
of Bristol, [20], [264], note 1;
of Canterbury, [263], note 2;
of Hythe, [263], note 1;
of Nottingham, [19-20], [263], [337];
of Romney, [61];
of Sandwich, [257], note 4, [262], note, [263];
of Southampton, [309];
of Winchester, [261];
of Worcester, [259], note 6;
Clifton church, cross of, repaired by Nottingham goldsmith, [54], [326]
[Cloth], contractors of, their growth
and wealth, [65];
manufacture of, supersedes business of selling wool, [98-99];
in Yorkshire, [89];
shearers of, resist introduction of machinery, [89];
trade in, law passed in Canterbury to improve, [158];
supervision of, in Norwich, [149], note 1, [385];
Irish, [289]
Clothiers, admitted to rank of “gentleman”, [68];
one in Manchester founds a school, [17]
“Clothing”, the, qualifications for member of, [62];
its composition, [252];
at Exeter, [181];
at Nottingham, [341], [352-353], [355], [356], note 1, [357]
Coal-mines, profits made by Nottingham from, [325]
Cobblers, their quarrels with cordwainers, [166]
Cœur, Jacques, [81-82]
Coin, clipping of, learned from Lombards, [67]
Cok, Richard, mayor of Sandwich, [431], [432]
Colchester, election by Twenty-four in, [169-170];
land owned by, [238];
number of men assessed for moveables in 1301, [250], note 2;
population in 1377, [250];
mode of election of officers, [276], [282];
charter, [282];
two councils, [278], note 2, [282];
moot hall, [278];
ordinances, [278];
fining of late or absent members, [278], [283]
Colle, Henry, of Hythe, [246], note 2
College at Exeter, its foundation, [13], note 2;
at Rotherham, [13]
Commons, their petition to Henry VII. about measures, [27], note 3;
petition to have guild charters withdrawn, [182], note 1
“Commons”, “the poor”, their views about gains of merchants, [70-71];
of Exeter, their quarrel with governing class, [170-172]
[Commonalty], distinguished from citizens or burgesses, [231-235], [311], [334-336];
their interest in matters touching common lands, [234];
lack of security for freedom, [247-249];
exclusion from town administration, [249];
brought into council chamber in fifteenth century, [270];
its seal, [233], note 1;
of Norwich, [366-373], [376], [377], [399].
See [Community]
Communes of France, [321]
[Community] of the town, reasons for entering, [55];
its services to the guilds, [157-158];
privileges of early, [232-233];
its holding of land, [237-239];
of Lynn, admission of non-burgesses to, [409];
of Nottingham, their rights, [338-343];
election of special juries by, [341].
See [Commonalty]
Conesford Ward, Norwich, [376], note 2
Constable of Dover, [302], [303];
of castle, survival of his authority in Southampton, [297]
Constabularies in Lynn, [279], note, [415], note 2, [421]
Cooks, regulations for, [36]
Cordwainers (shoemakers), their quarrels with cobblers, [166];
guild of, at Exeter, [119], note, [179]
Corn, encouragement of carriage of, [42], note 2
Coruesers of Bristol, [119], note
Cornhill, S. Peter’s, dispute about presentation to, [276], note 2
Coroners of Bristol, [267];
of Ipswich, their election and duties in 1200, [223]
Corporation chapel of S. Michael’s, Southampton, [308]
Cossal, notice of transfer of coal-mine in, [325], note 5
Cotswolds, wool of, [88], note 3
Councils of towns, their alliances with guilds, [108];
various business of, [254-255];
their variety, [272-274], [277-279];
probable causes influencing their character, [279-281];
upper, result of appointing its members justices of the peace, [254-255];
of Bristol, [268], [278], note 2;
of Canterbury, [278], note 2, [283], [284];
Carlisle, [185];
Chester, [278], note 2;
Coventry, [185], [205], [353], [354];
Ipswich, [278], note 2;
Liverpool, [278], note 2;
London, [375], note 2;
Lynn, [402], [413], [419-422], [424], [425];
Norwich, [170], [278], note 2, [363-365], [376], [377], [395], [419];
Nottingham, [336], [337-340], [355], [357];
Oxford, [278], note 2;
Pontefract, [278];
Southampton, [280], [308], [309];
Wells, [278], note 1;
Worcester, [278], note 2;
of Eight among Exeter tailors, [173];
of Fifteen ordered by provisions of Oxford, [253];
Privy, writ sent to Nottingham by, [278], note 1;
people of Norwich summoned before, [391]
Councillors in early town government, [228];
of Nottingham, [339-341], [355];
town, various methods of electing, [277]
Countrymen, their various difficulties, [98-99];
town employers contract for work with, [105-106];
policy concerning employment of, in Norwich and Worcester, [106]
Courts of Admiralty, [319], note 2;
of aldermen, at Norwich, [362], note 2;
of arbitration, their importance to craft guilds, [114], note 1;
consistory, clerks of, forbidden to be mayors, [171];
the great, of Bridgenorth, [275], note 4;
of King’s Bench, [238];
the Pye-powder, statute of 1477 about, [393], note 2.
See [Leet]
Coventry, grammar school at, [14], note 2;
attempts free trade, [53], note 4;
laws about apprentices in, [99], note 2, [102], note 1;
Bablake gate, [207];
Drapery hall, [207];
wages of journeymen, [104], note 1;
election of keepers among the smiths at, [118], note 1;
the White Friars in, [125], note;
obtains right to have no guild, [144], note 1;
rules about punishment among guilds in 1518, [151], note 2;
complaint against craftsmen who would not contribute to pageants, [154], note 2;
drapers and mercers, [183], [204], note;
election of officials, [205], [207], note 2;
craftsmen who held office, [207], note 4;
guild of S. Catherine, [203];
of Corpus Christi, [204], [206], note;
of S. George, [208];
of S. John Baptist, [203];
merchant, [193], note 1, [203-204];
of Trinity, [14], note 2, [19], note 3, [203-213];
union of guilds, [203];
attempts to set up craft-guilds in, [208-209];
rhymes nailed by commons on church door, [211];
dyers in, [207], note 4, [208], [210], note 2;
regulations for crafts made at leet court, [212], note 1;
apprentices’ fines, [212];
land of community, [238];
petitions to have aldermen of wards, [279], note;
procedure in leet, [345], note 3;
common council, [353-354];
Queen Isabella’s land, [202-204];
town hall called S. Mary’s Guild, [203]
Cowes, control of mayor of Southampton over, [319]
Crafts, their anxiety to protect industry, [100];
attitude towards countrymen, [99], note 1, [100-101];
journeymen of, their combinations for self-protection, [101].
See [Guilds]
Crompe, brewer at Canterbury, [62-63]
Culham Ford, bridge over, [75-76]
Customs of Bristol, quarrel about, [266-267];
of Southampton, leasing out of, [68], [291]
“Customs” of Norwich, [364]
Custumals of towns, copying and translation of, [257-258]
D
Dacia, its trade with Lynn, [404]
Dartmouth, binding of its corporation books, [230], note 2
Dean, Forest of, its rovers, [42], note 1
“Decennaries”, appointment of, [34]
Delf (canal), [435]
Denmark, its trade with Bristol, [73];
settlers from, in Southampton, [289]
Dereham, work done for Norwich dealers at, [105], note 2
Deritend, school of guild at, [13], note 2
Devonshire, Flemish weavers in, [94]
“Discreets” of Southampton, [308], [309]
Dogget Rolls of Ipswich, [259]
Doncaster, S. George’s Church at, merchants’ marks in, [71], note 3
Doomsday Book, extracts made by town clerks from, [259];
of towns, [258]
Dorchester, its Doomsday Book, [258], note 3
Dorset, Marquis of, [206], note
Dover, constable of, [302], [303];
central government of Cinque Ports at, [428];
hornblowing, [430], note 2;
election of jurats, [434], note 2
Drapers admitted to rank of “gentleman”, [68];
of Coventry, [183], [204], note;
of Shrewsbury, their school, [13], note 2;
their guild, [144], note 2, [173], note 4
Drapers’ house, Nottingham, [325]
Drapery hall, Coventry, [207]
Drogheda, merchants of, in guild at Coventry, [206], note;
its trade with Southampton, [289]
Droitwich, cause of its decay, [97], note 3
Dublin, merchants of, in guild at Coventry, [206], note
Dye, scarlet, English cloth sent to Italy for, [326]
Dyeing, at Nottingham, [326]
Dyers in Coventry, [207], note 4, [208-210]
E
Easingwold, town clerk of Nottingham, [263-264]
Edmund Crouchback, his charter to Leicester, [25], note 1, [258], note 1;
Education in the fifteenth century, [12-23];
Edward I. summons councils to get money for Welsh war, [332];
his charter to Nottingham, [334]
Edward II., his grants to Nottingham, [333]
Edward III. fixes price of wine of Gascony, [139];
his charter to girdlers of London, [143], note 2;
grants bridge over Trent to townspeople of Nottingham, [324];
demands soldiers from Norwich, [366]
Edward IV., his charters to Exeter tailors, [173-174];
to Fraternity of Trinity at Shrewsbury, [173], note 4;
judgment in the disputes at Exeter, [176-177], [179-180];
his patent to York about election of mayor, [186];
appeal of Plymouth guild merchant to, [220];
Lydd sends men to his help, [263];
his charter to Colchester, [282];
reduces ferm of Nottingham, [328];
renews its charter, [330];
gives election of common council of London to trading companies, [375], note 2;
peace made by Sandwich with, [431]
Elizabeth Woodville, coronation of, [79], note 2;
Nottingham granted to, [330], note 1;
confirms its charter, [339], note 2
Ely, its cathedral bells, [54]
Elys, Thomas, his benefactions to Sandwich, [16], [75]
Employers, illicit industry carried on by, [88];
settlement in country districts, [88];
their attitude towards foreigners, [92-94];
towards countrymen, [100-101];
foster “uncovenanted” labour, [102];
in Norwich, responsible for their servants, [101], note 2;
of towns, contract with country folk for work, [105-106]
Engrossing, [39]
Erasmus, his estimate of schoolmasters, [22], note
Erith, clay got from, [54]
Evesham, cause of its decay, [97], note 3
Ewelme almshouse, [14], note 2
Exchange, dry, denounced by Church and people, [69]
Exchange, the King’s, Jews replaced by members of Pepperers’ Company at, [69], note 1
Exeter, ordinances granted to bakers, [179];
“the clothing”, [181];
college, [13], note 2;
condition under Shillingford, [168-169];
quarrel between commons and governing class, [170-172];
official, its Lancastrian sympathies, [173];
Henry VII.’s charter to, [180];
common council, [170], note 2, [172], [180];
cordwainers’ guild, [119], note, [179];
hospital, [75];
mayor, election of, [169-171], [180];
sworn on Black Book, [230], note 1;
style, [180];
tailors’ guild, [172-181], [184];
twelve men, [169-170];
thirty-six, [171]
Exeter, Hugh Oldham, Bishop of, [17]
“Extravagantes” in Romney, [47]
F
Fairs, their origin, history, and decline, [25];
grants of, [26];
of Leicester, [25], note 1;
of Lenton, [348], note 3;
of Southampton, [293];
of Wayhill, [66];
of Wycombe, [25], note 2
Fairford, Henry VIII. at, [68]
Fallande, Richard, his tablet in Hospital Hall, Abingdon, [76], note 1
Farneworth, payment of schoolmaster at, [19], note 3
Farriers, rule made by guild of, [146-147]
Fastolf, Sir John, [79], note 2
Fastolf, Richard, [79], note 2
Ferm of Coventry, payment of, [206];
in arrears, [216];
of Nottingham reduced by Edward IV., [328], [330];
its amount, [332];
of Southampton, amount of, [300];
part settled on successive queens, [300];
in arrears, [300], note 2, [301-302];
arrear remitted, [303], note 1;
difficulties in raising, [304];
reduced, [305], note 1;
of Winchester, contribution of burellers to, [154], note 1
“Fermour of the Beme”, [28]
Festivals, enforced contributions to, [154], note 2;
attendance of municipal officers at, [256]
Fishmongers, regulations for, [36];
of London, plate pawned to one, [78]
Flanders, its manners and wealth in fifteenth century, [5];
beer sent from Kent to, [89];
weavers from, in England, [90-91];
settlers from, in valley of Stroud, [88];
in Southampton, [289];
trade with Southampton, [288], [291], [294]
Florence, the Bardi and Alberti Societies of, [290]
Food, regulations of its price, [35-37], [43]
Fordwich, its Kalendar, [258], note 3
Foreigners, their position in towns, [90-96];
in Norwich, [320];
fine paid by, in Romney, [91], note 1;
tax on, in Sandwich, [91], [320], [429];
in Southampton, [289], [293], [320]
Forest laws and officers, exemption of Nottingham from, [328]
Forestalling, [39], [50], [54];
at Nottingham, [50], note 1
Fork, first mention of, in England, [74], note 1
France, its wine trade with Bristol, [73];
appointment of guild officer in, [130];
settlers from, in English towns, [320];
communes of, [321]
Franchise in Lynn, settlers not obliged to take up, [408].
See [Freedom]
Franchises of Norwich forfeited, [367], [389], [391-393];
of Nottingham forfeited, [332]
Fray, John, [391]
[Freedom] of borough obtained by becoming member of craft, [186];
terms of admission to, in Nottingham, [325];
loss of, for helping “foreign” merchant, [39];
traders of Norwich ordered to take up, [400]
Freemen generally members of craft guilds, [190];
their right to attend meetings, [224];
of Norwich must belong to craft guild, [383]
Friars, [125], note
Fry, Thomas, [79], note 1
Fullers of Coventry set up fraternity with tailors, [208-209]
G
Game laws, men presented for breaking, [246], note 2
Games, attendance of municipal officers at, [256]
Gascony, its wine, result of fixing price of, [139];
its wool trade with Southampton, [290];
trade of Lynn with, [404]
Gate, the Water, at Southampton, [291], [294], note 1
Genoa, its relations with Jacques Cœur, [81];
trade with Southampton, [289], [291];
carracks, [302], [305], note 1
Genoese, grant of Henry IV. to, [290];
merchants at Southampton, [290], [291];
Southampton burnt by, [295]
“Gentleman”, drapers and clothiers admitted to rank of, [68]
Gentry, country, marry traders, [78-80];
take office in municipal government, [79]
German, a, town clerk at Winchester, [261];
merchants, their organization at Lynn, [404]
Germany, appointment of guild officer in, [130];
trade with Southampton, [291], [294]
Giles, Karoll, [20]
Girdlers of London, Edward III.’s charter to, [143], note 2
Girdler Gate, Nottingham, [326]
Gladman, John, his insurrection, [392-393]
Gloucester, its trade, &c., [42];
charters, [194], note 1;
guild merchant, [194];
Gloucester, [Humphry] Duke of, befriends Norwich, [387], [392]
Gloucester, [Richard] Duke of, his services to York, [261], note 1
Gloucester, John of, makes bells for Ely cathedral, [54]
Glover of Leighton Buzzard, adventures of a, [31-32]
God’s House Meadow, Southampton, [314]
Godstede, William de, [283]
Gold, fear of government lest merchants should diminish stock of, [69];
its exportation forbidden, [69] note 3
Goldsmith employed to weigh bread at Sandwich, [37-38];
of Nottingham repairs cross in Clifton Church, [54], [326]
Gorse held by Romney, [237]
Gospels, portions of, copied for swearing-in of officers, [258]
Greek learned by town clerk of Nottingham, [20]
Green, Godfrey, [80], note 4
Gregory, town clerk of Nottingham, [337], note 3
Grendon, Simon, of Exeter, [75]
Grocers of Bristol, plate left by one, [74], note 1;
of London, laws about their apprentices, [102], note 2;
control claimed by, [116], note 1;
protest against powers of oligarchy, [117], note 4;
appointment of wardens, [118], note 2.
See [Pepperers]
Grocyn, his education at Bristol, [20]
Gryme, Richard, of Southampton, [302]
[Guilds], schools founded by, [13];
social-religious, [213-217];
system of indirect election, [253];
at Deritend, [13], note 2;
at Hull, [69], note 2, [182], note 2;
at Lynn, [405], note 2, [425];
in Newcastle, [185-186];
at Shrewsbury, [49], note 1;
at Southampton, [293];
at Stratford, [13], note 2;
at Walsall, [183];
at Warwick, [186];
of merchant adventurers, [112];
of artizans, [112];
“Le Bachery” in Norwich, [389], [392];
of S. Benedict at Lincoln, [144], note 2;
of S. Catherine at Coventry, [203];
of “common and middling folks” at Lincoln, [271], note 3;
of Corpus Christi at Coventry, [204-206], [209];
at Hull, [144], note 2;
at Lynn, [405], note 2;
of Holy Cross at Abingdon, [215];
at Birmingham, [213-214];
at Bridgewater, [215];
of S. George at Coventry, [208];
at Norwich, [384-385], [389], [395];
of S. George and S. Christopher at York, [205], note 1;
of S. John at Coventry, [203];
at Hull, [144], note 2;
of our Lady and S. George at Plymouth, [220];
of S. Lawrence at Ashburton, [13], note 2;
of S. Mary at Bridgewater, [214-215];
at Coventry, [203];
of S. Nicholas at Worcester, [13], note 2;
of palmers at Ludlow, [13];
of young scholars at Lynn, [13];
of Trinity at Coventry, [14], note 2, [19], note 3, [203-213];
at Hull, [144], note 2;
at Shrewsbury, [144], note 2, [173], note 4;
craft, their origin, [113], [114];
exclusive character, [99];
alliance with town councils, [108];
aid burghers in strife with governing body, [167-168], [184-187];
various forms, [110-113];
charitable works, [113], note 2;
courts of arbitration, [114], note 1;
protection of members, [114], note 2;
composition, [115-117];
difference from modern trades unions, [115-116], [134-136], [159-160];
government, [117-120];
laws concerning hired workers, [121-123];
organization, [128-129];
rule of oligarchy in, [129-131];
part taken by members of, on appointment to town offices, [130-131];
founded by order of town, [135], [155];
attitude towards the public, [136-138];
struggle for control of prices, [139-140];
charters, [141], [143], note 3;
relations with town and State, [143-154], [181-189];
shelter themselves under form of religious association, [144-145];
enforced contribution to feasts, [154], note 2;
increase in number, [155];
combinations, [156], [157], note 1;
relations with municipality, [157-158];
victory in the strife with town, [159-160];
greater and lesser, [160];
struggles between, [160-166];
their alliance with burghers against ruling oligarchy, [167-168];
freedom of borough often obtained by becoming member of, [186];
freemen of borough generally enrolled in, [190];
relations with guild merchant, [191-199];
at Beverley, [142];
in Bristol, [153];
at Canterbury, [156-157];
at Coventry, [151], note 2, [207-211];
of Newcastle, [185-186];
in Norwich, [144], note 1, [381-4];
at Sandwich, [155];
at Southampton, their duties, [299];
of bakers at Exeter, [179];
in London, [149], note 1;
of carpenters, [147];
of cordwainers at Exeter, [119], note, [179];
of drapers at Shrewsbury, [144], note 2, [173], note 4;
of farriers, [146-147];
of joiners and lorimers in London, [163-164];
of kalendars at Bristol, [13], note 2;
of masons, [147-148];
of mercers of Shrewsbury, [182], note 1;
of painters in London, [163];
of saddlers in London, [162-164];
of spurriers, [147];
of tailors at Exeter, [172-181], [184];
in London, [143], note 3, [149], note 1, [182], note 1;
at Lynn, [151], note 1;
of weavers in Leicester, [122], note 1;
in Newcastle, [102], note 2;
in Nottingham, [141], note;
merchant, its early history, and composition, [191-193];
organization, [193];
independent position, [194];
monopoly of trade, [40];
struggle with crafts, [191];
Gross’s theory of its decline, [191-197];
obscurity and local variety of its history, [197-201];
its successors in fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, [201-202];
of Andover, [193], note 1, [198], note 1, [199];
of Bridgewater, [214];
of Bristol, [198], note 1;
of Carlisle, [185];
of Chesterfield, [203], note 1;
of Coventry, [203-204];
of Gloucester, [194], note 1;
of Lichfield, [213], note 3;
of Lynn, [184], [196], note 3, [198], note 1, [217], [403];
of Nottingham, [332];
of Plymouth, [220];
of Reading, [203], note 2;
of S. Albans, [203];
of Southampton, [198], note 1, [207], note 3, [305];
of Totnes, [33], note 2, [220]
Guildhall, see [Hall]
Gun made for Lydd, [54], note 1
Gunner, payment of, by Southampton, [298]
H
Halifax, cloth-makers at, [89]
[Hall], the drapery, at Coventry, [207];
guild, its storage rooms, [34];
of Bristol, [37];
of Lynn, [406];
of Nottingham, [325];
of York, [205], note 1;
town or guild, of Birmingham, [213];
town, of Coventry, called S. Mary’s Guild, [203]
Hamble, court of Admiralty held at, [319], note 2
Hanse, its trade with Lynn, [404]
Harpe, held by Romney, [237]
Hastings, metal for gun got from, [54], note 1
Haverford West, interest taken by its burghers in municipal affairs, [234], note 3
Hawk, town clerk of Norwich, [390]
Hawleys, the, of Dartmouth, [73]
Hazard, John, coroner of Bristol, [267]
Henley, Walter of, [133]
Henry I., his grant of liberties to Southampton, [306]
Henry II., his charter to Gloucester, [194], note 1;
to Southampton, [306];
to Nottingham, [331]
Henry III., his charter to Liverpool, [41];
to Gloucester, [194], note 1;
to Oxford, [278], note 2;
to guild merchant of Lynn, [407]
Henry IV., his Act about apprentices, [104], note 3;
charter to Liverpool, [41];
to Nottingham, [333];
to Norwich, [373];
confirms decrees of committee of eighteen in Lynn, [414];
grant to Genoese traders, [290];
grant for fortification of Southampton, [292]
Henry V., loan of Cardinal Beaufort to, [292];
his letters patent to Lynn, [409];
to Southampton, [307];
confirms decrees of committee of eighteen in Lynn, [414];
appeal of people of Lynn to, [417];
confirms guild of S. George in Norwich, [384];
his charter to Norwich, [379-380]
Henry VI., charters of incorporation given under, [269];
loans from Lynn to, [423];
supported by Nottingham, [330];
charter to Nottingham, [333-334];
to Southampton, [307-308]
Henry VII., depression of trade in his early years, [87];
effects of his commercial treaties, [87];
brings over Flemish weavers, [94];
repeals Act of Henry IV. about apprentices, [104], note 3;
charter to Exeter, [180];
to merchant tailors of London, [143], note 3;
grants to Southampton, [293];
Nottingham sends deputation to, [331]
Henry VIII. entertained at Fairford, [68];
forbids emigration from Chester, [299], note 4
Hereford, its in-borough and out-borough, [40], note 2;
customs, [225-227];
law about steward, [261], note 2
Heydon, John, of Baconsthorpe, [387], [389], [393], [394], [395], note 1
Hill, Nicholas, image-maker of Nottingham, [326]
Hoastmen, complaint of London corporation against, [140], note 3
Holbein, his “Dance of Death”, [57]
Holidays, disputes about, [88];
trading on, forbidden, [133]
Hollingbrokes, the, of Romney, [59], note
Holme, Abbot of, his disputes with Norwich, [387], note, [391-392]
Honywodes, merchants at Hythe, [29]
Horn, the common, of Sandwich, [227]
“Hornblowing”, [430]
Horseho held by Romney, [237]
Hospital of S. Julian, Southampton, [295], [314-315];
of S. Thomas the Martyr, at Sandwich, [75];
founded by Simon Grendon at Exeter, [75];
of S. Paul, Norwich, its dispute with the town, [387], note
House, the audit, of Southampton, [310];
the butchers’, in Nottingham, [324];
the common, its storerooms for wool, [3];
the drapers’, in Nottingham, [325];
the mercers’, in Nottingham, [324-325]
Houses in Nottingham, [327];
contrast between English and French, [84];
of merchants in Bristol, [74]
Huddersfield, cloth-makers at, [89]
Hull, its grammar school, [14];
merchants, [69], note 2;
guilds at, [144], note 2;
use made of them by county magnate, [182], note 2;
royal charters to guilds, [182], note 1;
trade with Nottingham, [324], [328]
Hythe, its condition in early fifteenth century, [29-30];
Black Book, [230], [257], note 4;
use of paper for accounts, [259], note 6;
lands of community, [237];
perambulation on Holy Thursday, [30];
pestilence, [30];
its town clerk, [263], note 1
I
Iceland, Bristol merchants in, [73]
Illuminator of Nottingham, [326]
Image-maker of Nottingham, [326]
Incorporation, charters of, given under Henry VI., [269]
“Inferiores” of Lynn, [407-409], [412], [413], [420-425]
Ingoldsby, John, [303], note 2
Inns provided by the towns, [33]
Inn-holders, profit allowed to be taken by, [36]
“Intrantes” in Canterbury, [47]
Ipswich, its coroners, [223];
early form of government, [223], [224];
land of community, [237];
powers assumed by oligarchy, [240-241], [252];
dogget rolls, [259];
two councils, [278], note 2;
agreement made by barber taking apprentice at, [120], note 1
Ireland, its trade with Liverpool, [41], note;
smuggling trade with Gloucester, [42];
cloth, [289]
Iron works at Nottingham, [326]
Isabella, Queen, her land at Coventry, [202-204]
Italy, cities of, their commerce with Southampton, [290-291], [320];
English cloth sent to, to be dyed scarlet, [326];
merchants from, obliged to buy only in London, Southampton, or Sandwich, [293]
J
Jews at King’s exchange, [69], note 1;
school for, at Bristol, [13], note 2
Joan, Queen, [304], note 2
John, King, his charter to Gloucester, [194], note 1;
grant of privileges to Southampton, [306];
“palaces” of, in Nottingham, [327];
frees Nottingham from forest laws and forest officers, [328];
charter to Nottingham, [332];
to guild merchant of Lynn, [404]
John of Horncastle, bailiff of Bristol, [267]
John the Taverner, mayor of Bristol, [267]
Joiners, guild of, in London, [163-164]
Journeymen, their combinations for self-protection, [101];
protection of, in guild, [103];
regulations about their wages, [104], note 1;
position in craft-guilds, [119], [128-129];
protection by town authorities, [120];
laws about, [121-123];
strikes of, [123-127];
unions of, [129]
Jubilee of 1420 at Canterbury, [43]
Jurats of Cinque Ports, [278], note 1, [434];
Juries, system of, in towns, [228-229];
special, [229], note 2, [275], [276], [341];
of forty-eight of Nottingham, [356-358];
of wards and leets in Norwich, [381].
See [Leet], [Mickletorn]
Justices, their right to order election of discreet men for town officers, [249], note 2;
of the peace, appointment of members of upper town council as, [254-255];
in Norwich, [362], note 2;
K
Kalendar of Fordwich, [258], note 3
Kalendars, guild of, at Bristol, [13], note 2
Kent, its decline in wealth during Hundred Years’ War, [88], note 3;
brewers of, [89];
popular movements in, [429]
Keyhaven, court of Admiralty held at, [319], note 2
Kidderminster, cause of its decay, [97], note 3
King’s Bench, court of, [238]
Kipton Ash, its market, [404], note 1
L
Labour, effects of war and rivalry between England and Netherlands on, [87];
difficulties caused by industrial changes, [87-90];
by foreign immigration, [90-96];
problem of, [107-109];
“blackleg”, London saddlers accused of encouraging, [163];
law against, [165];
“uncovenanted”, fostered by employers, [102]
Labourers, unskilled, [103-104];
country, difficulties of their transfer to towns, [98-99];
legal hours of work, [133];
of Norwich, their condition before 1340, [101]
Lammas lands of Colchester, [238]
Lancaster, Nicholas, town clerk of York, [263]
Land, conversion of arable, into pasture, [98];
disputes about ownership and use of, [238-239];
common, of towns, rights and interests of commonalty in, [234], [237-239];
of Andover, [237];
of Birmingham, [237];
of Chester, [237];
of Colchester, [238];
of Coventry, [238];
of Hythe, [237];
of Ipswich, [237];
of Liverpool, [237];
of Morpeth, [237];
of Norwich, [367];
of Nottingham, [237], [334], [335-336], [342-343], [348], note 3;
of Oxford, [237];
of Romney, [237];
of Southampton, [311], [314-317];
of Wycombe, [237]
Lanes, naming of, in towns, [29];
improvement in their condition, [32-33]
Langton, Nicholas, mayor of York, [251], note 1
Laymen, schools founded by, [16-17]
“Leave-lookers”, [34]
of Coventry, [205], [206], [212], note 1, [345], note 3;
of Manchester, [249], note 2;
of Nottingham, [19], [341], [345], [346], [356];
of Southampton, [318], note
Leets of Norwich, [361-362]
Legate, Richard, bailiff of Bristol, [267]
Leicester, no plea held in, during fairs, [25], note 1;
night work allowed by guild in, [122], note 1;
Crouchback’s charter to, [25], note 1, [258], note 1;
Leighton Buzzard, adventures of a glover of, [31-32]
Lenton, agreement with Nottingham about its fair, [348], note 3;
convent of, [354], note 4
Lepe, court of Admiralty held at, [319], note 2
Levant, Bristol vessels first to enter, [73];
trade of Jacques Cœur with, [81];
trade of Southampton with, [290]
Liberties, extension of, in Carlisle and Hereford, [40], note 2
Lichfield, its guild merchant, [213], note 3
Lime-burners, conspiracy of, in London, [140]
Lincoln, guild of S. Benedict at, [144], note 2;
bailiffs, [250];
appeal of commonalty to King against corporation, [244];
charter, [244];
dispute with lord of S. Botolph’s fair about tolls, [244];
its guild of “common and middling folks”, [271], note 3;
aldermen, [279], note
Lincoln, Robert, bishop of, translation of his “Rules”, [5]
Lincoln, bishop of, begs for Norwich liberties to be restored, [391]
Lincolnshire, its bell-metal, [54], note 1;
its wool, [88], note 3
Linen manufactured at Nottingham, [326]
Literature of fifteenth century, [3-10]
Liverpool, its charters, [41];
attempt to establish free trade, [41];
council of forty, [278], note 2;
its mayor, [61], note 2, [251], note 1;
mosses granted to, [237];
grant for paving, [32], note 3;
school, [14], note 2
Lombards, traders learn to clip coin from, [67];
settle in Southampton, [289]
London, its aldermen hereditary owners of wards, [279], note;
elected for life, [375], note 2;
apprentices must be sworn to the franchise before using trade, [103], note 2;
yearly wage of artizans, [133];
bakers, [45], [117], note 2, [149], note 1;
bowyers, [119];
complaint about butchers, [44-45];
dispute between burellers and weavers, [161-162];
candlemakers, [45];
common council, [375], note 2;
hindrance to influence of crafts, [186];
complaints about cloth, [146];
farriers, [146-147];
complaints against foreigners, [95];
plate pawned to a fishmonger of, [78];
trouble about fulling machinery, [90], note 2;
Edward III.’s charter to girdlers, [143], note 2;
grocers, [102], note 2, [116], note 1, [117], note 4, [118], note 2; growth, [50];
guild ordinances, [146-148];
relations with Coventry guild, [206], note;
complaint against hoastmen, [140], note 3;
images sent from Nottingham to, [326];
mayors of, [16], [149], notes;
Italian merchants in, [293];
conspiracy of lime-burners, [140];
lorimers, [163];
decline of manufacturing trade, [88];
merchants of, cause assassination of Genoese at Southampton, [291];
provision for mercer’s widow, [80];
laws to protect consumer against pepperers, [139-140];
the raising of prices for repairing roofs forbidden, [152];
controversy between saddlers and other crafts, [162-165];
schools, [13], note 2, [14], note 2;
sheriff lends money to John Paston, [77];
dealings with Southampton, [294-295];
settlers from, in Southampton, [291];
strikes in, [123-127];
tailors of, [149], note 2, [143], note 3, [182], note 1;
rebellion of taverners, [139];
ordinances of tawyers, [165];
withdrawal of tradesmen outside boundaries, [44-45];
jurisdiction of trades, [149], notes;
retaliation in taking of toll, [53], note 1;
“vice-comites”, [361], note 3;
regulations about wages of journeymen, [104], note 1;
decay of wealth, [104], note 3;
Lorimers of London, [163]
Louis XI., extinction of liberties of French communes under, [321]
Lovel, Sir Thomas, [329], note 1, [347], note 2
Lübeck, merchants of, at Lynn, [404]
Ludlow, its school, [13], note 2
Lydd, gun made for, [54], note 1;
troubles caused by Andrew Bate, [60];
seals of community and of mayor, [233], note 1, [238];
lands, [237-238];
dispute about ownership of shore, [238];
custumal, [257], note 4;
helps Warwick, [262];
helps Edward IV., [263];
treasurer, [263]
Lydgate, [21]
Lyhert, Walter, bishop of Norwich, [394], note 1
Lymington, its treaty with Southampton, [53], note 4
Lynn, its people seek protection against ruling burgesses, [242-243];
relations with bishop of Norwich, [403], [408], [412], [419], [423-424], [428];
advantages of its position, [404];
three classes in, [407];
constitution in 1417, [409];
prosperity, [410];
expenses, [410-411];
financial difficulties, [411-413];
dispute between ruling body and people, [411-420];
failure of attempt to gain popular liberty, [423-426], [428];
barge, [410];
non-burgesses of, their share in administration, [412], [413];
change in mode of electing for Parliament, [420], note 1;
cattle market, [404];
charter, [421];
committee of eighteen, [412-416];
councils, [402], [413], [419-422], [424], [425];
its constabularies, [279], note, [415], note 2, [421];
copper, [54];
wealth and importance of corporation, [402];
franchise not obligatory on settlers, [408];
admission of “foreign” inhabitants to, [417];
German merchants, [404];
guilds, [13], note 2, [151], note 1, [217], [403-407], [425];
guild merchant, [184], [196], note 3, [198], note 1, [403];
guildhall, [406];
“inferiores”, their decline, [420-425];
loans to the King, [411], [423];
mayor, composition with, [243];
his powers of distraint, [243], note 1;
mode of election, [409], [416-417];
salary, [413];
sent as ambassador to Bruges, [422];
“mediocres”, [407-409], [412], [413];
merchants made freemen of Canterbury, [49], note 2;
ordinances about elections, [414-416];
prolocutor, [414];
“potentiores”, [196], note 3, [407-409], [412], [413], [419];
their alliance with “mediocres”, [421-424];
election of serjeant, [418], note 3;
trade, [404];
wealth, [326];
members of Coventry guild at, [206], note
Lyttleton’s “New Tenures”, extracts made by town clerks from, [259]
M
Macclesfield, school at, [16]
Machinery, trouble caused by introduction of, [89-90]
Magna Charta, copies bought by burghers, [236];
extracts made by town clerks from, [259]
“Magnates”, of Norwich, [196], note 3, [249]
Malt, made by brewers, [89]
Manchester, its grammar school, [17];
trade with Liverpool, [41], note;
election of court leet jury, [249], note 2
Mancroft ward, Norwich, [376], note 2
Manners, Latin treatise on, translation of, [5];
anxiety of burghers about, [8-10]
Manufacturers in suburbs, [96-97]
Manufactures, the home, of the suburbs, [97]
Marches, Scotch, their laws codified in fifteenth century, [258], note 3
Margaret of Anjou, grant from revenue of Southampton to, [300], note 3
Market, its situation, [24];
origin, [25-27];
early control of, [26];
right of, in Scotland, [27], note 1;
regulation of 33, [34], [39], [40];
laws made by government and by towns, [36], note 1;
officials of, [34];
of Kipton Ash, [404], note 1;
the cattle, of Lynn, [404];
of Norwich, [367], note 2
Market-place of Norwich, [31];
of Nottingham, [324]
Market-crosses, [32]
Marlborough, its treaty with Southampton, [53], note 4;
trouble caused by craft guilds in, [142]
Mary, Queen, renews charter to Liverpool, [41]
“Marye of Hampton”, [291], note 3
Masons, rules made by guild of, [147];
forbidden to confederate, [148], note 3
Maximilian, treaty with, [311]
Mayor, testing of weights and measures by, [27-28];
officials of market sworn before, [34];
his office as protector of people, [36-38];
robe of “clean scarlet”, [62];
modes of his election, [226-228], [274-276];
his assistants, [228];
oath on “Black Book”, [230];
of Bristol, [212], note 2;
his supervision of trades, [37-38];
of Canterbury, [284];
of Coventry, [205], [207], note 2;
of Exeter, his election, [169-171];
member of tailors’ guild appointed, [178];
law of 1496 about his election, [169-171], [180];
of Liverpool in 1380, his wealth, [61], note 2, [251], note 1;
of Lynn, modes of his election, [409], [414-417];
salary, [413];
sent as ambassador to Bruges, [422-423];
of Norwich, replaces bailiffs, [373];
his imprisonment in London, [392];
charges brought against, [393], note 2;
of Nottingham, [251], note 2;
presented at court leet, [346], [349], [354];
of Oxford, [244];
of Plymouth, [220];
of Romney, elected at Stuppeney’s tomb, [59], note;
of Sandwich, his election, [226-227], [274], [430-434];
of Southampton, [298];
deposed, [303], note 1;
his powers, [306];
election, [274-275], [306-307], [312-313];
decree about payment of his salary, [314];
presented at court leet, [318], note;
his important position, [319-320];
his authority as King’s admiral, [319];
alderman of guild, [306], [407], note 2;
of Wycombe, [228], [260], note 4;
of York, Edward IV.’s patent about election of, [186]
Measures, petition of commons to Henry VII. about, [27], note 3;
standard, towns compelled to keep, [27];
tested and sealed by mayor, [27-28]
“Mediocres” of Lynn, [407], [408], [409], [412], [413], [421], [424]
Mediterranean, trade of Southampton with, [289-290]
Melcombe Regis, election of officers, [275], note 4
Meller, Dame Agnes, founds school at Nottingham, [19], note 3
Melors, Thomas, mayor of Nottingham, [349]
“Mercatores” of Coventry guild, [204]
Mercers of Coventry, [183], [204], note;
of London, provision made by one for his widow, [80];
of Shrewsbury, royal charter granted to, [182], note 1;
mistery of, at York, [69], note 2;
house, Nottingham, [324-325]
Merchants, schools founded by, [16-17];
their difficulties, [69-72];
views of “poor commons” about their gains, [70-71];
marks, [71];
one at Abingdon gives money towards bridges, [75-76];
become landed proprietors, [79];
Knights of the Bath, [79];
associations of, [108];
of Cinque Ports, their privileges, [52], note;
English, keeping of sea given to, [323];
of Germany, their organization at Lynn, [404];
Irish, in Liverpool, [41], note;
Italian, laws about their buying, [293];
expelled from London, [293];
settle in Southampton, [293];
of Lübeck, at Lynn, [404];
of Lynn, made freemen of Canterbury, [49], note 2;
Metals, Southampton made staple of, [293]
[Mickletorn] jury at Nottingham, [138], [345-346], [356-358]
Mill-stones, cost of, [406], note 1;
brought from Paris and Andernach, [406];
Mills, fulling, forbidden by Parliament, [90];
the school, at Manchester, inhabitants forced to grind corn at, [17]
Monopoly, [48], [49], [51], [56]
Morpeth, [186], note 3, [237], [238]
Mortmain, license to, given to Trinity Guild, Coventry, [203];
to S. John Baptist’s Guild, [203], note 4;
to fullers and tailors of Coventry, [209];
grant to assign lands in, given to merchant guild of Bridgewater, [214];
statute of, results of its extension to cities and boroughs, [215]
N
Netherlands, distress caused by their rivalry with England, [87];
wool sent from Southampton to, [291];
settlers from, in English towns, [320];
in Sandwich, [429];
independent temper of towns of, [360-361]
Netley Abbey, its treaty with Southampton, [53], note 4
Newcastle, weavers of, [102], note 2;
piece-work in, [121], note 5;
quarrel among guilds about government, [185-186]
New Sarum attempts free trade, [47], note 1;
its treaty with Southampton, [53], note 1
Non-burgesses of Lynn, their share in administration, [413];
in Nottingham, their numbers, [325]
Norfolk, supervision of its woollen trade by Norwich, [385-386]
Northampton, its dispute with abbot of Thorney, [52], note;
style, [278], note 1;
tin, [54]
Norwich, complaint of democracy against oligarchy in, [241-242];
character and value of its political experiments, [361], [396-397];
early constitution, [361-365];
copying of old documents, [370], note 4;
troubles about election in 1404, [373-374];
disputes between mayor’s council and commonalty, [379-380];
its disputes with the prioress of Carrow, hospital of S. Paul, and abbot of Wendling, [387], note;
with abbot of Holme, [387], [391-392];
with prior of the cathedral, [387], [391], [395-396];
struggle between county party and town party, [385-395];
insurrection of John Gladman, [392-393];
refusal to advance money to King, [393];
visited by him, [394];
reception of the Duke of York, [394];
poverty in fifteenth century, [395];
causes of decay, [397-398];
cause of failure of its attempt to gain popular liberty, [427-428];
its account-books, [370], note 4;
aldermen, [362], note 2, [380];
apprentices, payments by, [102], note 2;
assembly, [371-372], [377-379];
superseded by twenty-four, [365];
assembly rolls, [370];
chandlers presented at court leet, [140];
chapel of the Blessed Virgin in the Fields, [389], [397];
charters, [371-373], [379-380], [395];
churches, [329], note 2;
“the citizens”, [366], [367], [368], [370], [373], [376], [399-401];
craft guilds, [144], note 1, [381-384];
supervision of cloth and wool trade, [149], note 1, [385-386];
system of contracting for work in surrounding villages, [105-106];
the community or commonalty of, [366-373], [376], [377], [399];
composition of 1415, [374-380];
councils, [170], [278], note 2, [363-365], [369-377], [419];
“customs”, [364];
election of common councillors, [376], [380-381];
election of officers after 1415, [377-379];
employers made responsible for servants, [101], note 2;
franchises forfeited, [367], [389], [391-393];
freemen must belong to craft guild, [383];
foreign settlers, [320];
guilds, [144], note 1;
guild of S. George, [384-385], [389], [395];
income in 1378, [370], note 4;
justices of the peace, [362], note 2;
condition of its labourers before 1340, [101];
its four leets, [361-362];
replaced by wards, [380];
leet courts, [362];
loan to King, [372], note 2;
magnates, [196], note 3, [249];
manufacturing trade, its decline, [88];
market, [367], note 2;
market-place, [31];
mayor, [373];
mayor imprisoned in London, [392];
charges against him, [393], note 2;
lawsuit about rights of pasture, [238];
petition to Parliament, [367];
capital pledges, [362], [381];
statute of 1477 about Pye-powder court, [393], note 2;
recorder, [387];
increased rents, [400];
common seal, [390], [391], [392];
official styles, [365-368], [373];
appointment of supervisors of bread, [35], note 4;
tanners, [105];
tolbooth, 362, [389], note 1;
traders ordered to become freemen, [400];
wealth, causes of its decay, [104], note 3;
White Book, [258], note 3;
law about ordinances of worsted-shearers, [149], note 1;
relations with country workmen, [105-106]
Norwich, bishop of, begs for restoration of town’s liberties, [391];
relations of, with Lynn, [403], [408-412], [419], [423-424], [428]
Nottingham, advantages of its position, [322-325];
ordered to contribute to keeping of sea, [323];
condition of people, [327-328];
small part played by ecclesiastical interests in, [329];
its quarrel with Sir John Babington, [329], note 1;
given to Anne of Bohemia, [330];
supports Edward IV., [330];
attitude towards Richard III., [330];
granted to Elizabeth Woodville, [330], note 1;
sends deputation to Henry VII., [331];
increasing wealth in fifteenth century, [331];
originally governed by reeve, [331];
grants from Henry II., [331];
from Edward II., [333];
privileges gained during Welsh war, [332];
sends men to help King against Jack Cade, [334];
condition of its government in 1500, [344];
struggle between government and people, [345-359];
“alablaster man”, [54], [326];
common assembly, [341], [347-348], [352-353];
bell-foundry, [326];
bell-metal got from Lincolnshire, [54], note 1;
two boroughs, [332];
complaint about brewers, [38];
Bridlesmith gate, [326];
burgesses, their relations with the people, [312], note, [355], note 3;
distinguished from community, [334-336];
burgesses fined for not attending meetings, [336];
butchers’ house, [324];
castle, [323];
church of S. Mary, [326];
town clerk, [19], [20], [263-264], [337];
“clothing”, [341], [352-353], [355], [356], note 1, [357];
coal-mines, [325];
common, [314], note 5;
“community” or commonalty, [338-343];
council, [337-340], [355], [357];
disputes about control of Trent, [328-329];
drapers’ house, [325];
exemption from forest laws and forest officers, [328];
agreement with Lenton convent about its fair, [348], note 3;
franchises forfeited, [332];
terms of admission to freedom, [325];
forestalling, [50], note 1;
Girdler gate, [326];
guildhall, [325];
guild merchant, [332];
common hall, [343];
houses, [327];
illuminator, [326];
image-maker, [326];
industries, [325-327];
jury of forty-eight, [356], [357], [358];
special juries, [341];
justices of peace, [339], [340];
common lands, [237], [334], [335-336], [342-343], [348], note 3;
leet, [341], [346], [356], [19], [229], [345-346];
market-place, [324];
mayors, [251], note 2;
their independent rule in sixteenth century, [354];
mayor presented at court leet, [346], [349], [354];
fined for not rendering accounts, [353], note;
mercers’ house, [324-325];
Mickletorn jury, [138], [345-346], [356-358];
money borrowed by corporation, [328];
numbers of non-burgesses in, [325];
Whitsuntide offerings, [329];
paviour, [32], note 3;
recorder, [347-348];
Red Book, [334], [337], [355], [356];
sources of revenue, [47];
rolls, [259];
free school, [19], [348], note 3, [354], note 4;
styles, [334-336];
subsidy roll of 1472, [327];
tin, [54];
tolls at Retford, [335], note 2;
raising of river-side tolls forbidden, [329];
trade and prosperity, [324-328];
results of wide distribution of wealth, [251];
weavers’ guild, [141], note;
provision for widows, [80];
workmen charged with taking too much pay, [132]
Nycoll, William, sends his ship to Bay of Biscay, [291], note 3
O
Occleve, [21]
Oldham, Hugh, bishop of Exeter, completes Manchester grammar school, [17]
Oligarchy, the ruling, alliance of guilds with burghers against, [167-168], [184];
powers assumed by, in Ipswich, [240-241], [252];
Lincoln, [244];
Lynn, [242-243];
Norwich, [241-242];
Oxford, [244];
government by, its beginnings in towns, [240-246], [255-257];
its character, [256-257], [264-265]
Orgram, John, of Nottingham, [337], note 1
Orwellstow, owned by Lydd, [237]
Oxford, marriage contract of cook’s daughter at, [61], note 4;
craft guilds, [142];
charges brought against governing body, [244-245];
aldermen, [245], note 2, [278], note 2;
charter, [278], note 2;
formation of second council, [278];
common lands, [237];
Provisions of, [253]
P
Palmers, guild of, at Ludlow, its school, [13], note 2
Paper takes place of parchment, [259]
Parchment, use of, ordered at Worcester in 1467, [259], note 6
Paris, Jacques Cœur at, [81];
mill-stones brought from, [406], note 1
Parliament forbids use of fulling mills 90;
its laws about hired workers, [121];
Acts of, copied by town clerks, [259];
Act for fixing apprentices’ fees in Norwich, [102], note 2;
for deepening Stour, [435];
members of, their election in Lynn, [420], note 1;
in Norwich, [379];
in Shrewsbury, [285]
Parr, Sir William, [78]
Paston, Edmund, [79-80]
Paston, John, [77];
his marriage, [80]
Paston, Margery, her marriage, [80]
Paston, William, [390], note 1, [391]
Paving, grant for, to Liverpool, [32], note 3
Paviours, appointment of, [32], note 3
Payne, Thomas, his trade with Zealand, [291], note 3
Peasant revolt, [213], note 3, [265]
[Pepperers’] Company of London, founding of, [144], note 2;
laws to protect consumer against, [139-140];
replace Jews at King’s exchange, [69], note 1
Percyvale, Sir John, endows school at Macclesfield, [16]
Perkins, Robert, [210], note 2
Philip, Archduke, treaty with, [311]
Piece-work, disputes about, [88];
in Newcastle and London, [121], note 5
Plate stored in merchants’ houses, [74];
left by grocer of Bristol, [74], note 1;
pawning of, [78]
Pledges, capital, of Norwich, [362], [381]
Plumpton, Sir William, his marriage, [78], [79], note 2;
joins fraternity of S. Christopher at York, [205], note 1
Plumpton, Lady, joins fraternity of S. Christopher at York, [205], note 1
Plymouth, formed by union of three hamlets, [219-220];
its incorporation, [220];
church of S. Andrew, [220];
guild merchant, [220].
Poles of Hull, [79], note 2
Pontefract, its council, [278], note 1
Portmen of Ipswich, [223], [250], [252]
Portreeve of Canterbury, [283]
Portsmouth, its treaty with Southampton, [53], note 4;
control exercised by mayor of Southampton over, [319]
Portugal, its trade with Southampton, [291], [294]
“Potentiores” of Lynn, [196], note 3, [407-409], [412], [413], [419], [421-424]
Preston, distinction between “foreign” and “inn” burgesses, [47];
punishment of mayor for striking burgess, [227], note 2;
government, [275], note 4;
election of chief officers, [276];
school, [14], note 2;
“stallingers”, [48];
style, [231], note, [275], note 4
Prices, controversy as to fixing of, [139-140]
Priests forbidden to keep schools at Bridgenorth, [18]
“Probi homines”, [249]
Prolocutor of Lynn, [414]
“Protection” of industry, [53], [56], [100]
“Prud’hommes”, appointment of, [34]
Prussia, its trade with Lynn, [404]
Q
Queensborough, merchants of, in guild of Coventry, [206], note
Querdling, John, [390]
R
Reading, almshouse of poor sisters at, [14], note 2;
guild merchant, [203], note 2;
first use of paper for accounts, [259], note 6
Recorder of Exeter, [168], [171], note;
of Norwich, [387];
of Nottingham, [347-348];
of Southampton, [302-303]
Redehode, his gifts to the church at Wycombe, [75], note 2
Retford, settlement about its tolls, [335], note 2
Revenue of towns, its source, [47]
Rhineland, its trade with Lynn, [404];
with Southampton, [289]
Rhône, trade of Jacques Cœur on, [81]
Rhymes of fifteenth century, their character, [6];
nailed on church door in Coventry, [211]
Ricarto, Robert de, town clerk of Bristol, [264], note 1;
his Calendar, [20]
Richard I., his charter to Oxford, [278], note 2
Richard II., his charter to Liverpool, [41];
to “the citizens” of Norwich, [371];
guilds formed in his reign, [155], note 1;
his grants to the Emperor, [292], note 1
Richard III., his laws concerning foreigners, [94];
letter to Southampton, [313];
attitude of Nottingham towards, [330]
Richard the Writer, of Nottingham, [326]
Ripe, marshland common on, held by Lydd, [237]
Robert, bishop of Lincoln, translation of his “Rules”, [5]
Rochester, Alcock, bishop of, [14]
Rolls of towns, [259]
Romney, “extravagantes” in, [47];
payment to apprentice at end of service, [120], note 1;
arrest of non-freeman for attending common council, [224], note 2;
church of S. Nicholas, [59], note;
town clerk, [61], [261], [262], note, [263];
fines paid by foreigners, [91], note 1;
jurats, [278], note 1;
common land, [237];
election of Mayor, [59], note
Rose, John, chamberlain of Nottingham, [344], note 2;
mayor, [349]
Rother, old bed of, held by Romney, [237]
Rotherham, college at, [13]
Rowe, Daniel, of Romney, [61]
“Rules of S. Robert”, translation of, [5]
Russell, John, [79], note 1
Rye, punishment in, for striking mayor, [227], note 2;
seals, [233], note 1;
framing of ordinances, [258], note 3;
proposed union with Tenterden, [262];
burnt, [323]
S
Saddlers of London, strike among journeymen of, [125-126];
their controversy with crafts that worked for them, [162-165]
S. Albans, guild merchant of, [203], note 2
S. Botolph’s, lord of the fair of, his dispute with Lincoln, [244]
Salt marsh held by Romney, [237]
Saltmarsh, Southampton, [314]
Samon, John, [251], note 2
Sandwich, member of Cinque Ports, [428];
primitive constitution, [430-431];
makes peace with Edward IV., [431];
changes in its constitution in middle of fifteenth century, [431-432];
conflict between governing class and commonalty, [432-434];
royal grant of 1548 to, [435];
ruin of popular liberties in sixteenth century, [433-436];
common assembly, [225-226], [430];
Black Book and White Book, [258], note 3;
church of S. Clement, [227];
of S. Mary, [75], note 2;
town clerk, [257], note 4, [262], note, [263];
common council, [430], [432-434];
custumal, [257], note 4;
Delf canal, [435];
foreigners in, [91], note 1, [320], [429];
goldsmith employed to weigh bread, [37-38];
guilds, [155];
common horn, [227];
hornblowing, [430];
hospital of S. Thomas, [75];
Italian merchants allowed to buy in, [293];
jurats, [430];
election of mayor, [226-227], [274], [430-434];
non-burgesses fined for attending elections, [431];
grammar school, [16];
wards, [431]
Schools, causes of their desertion, [14], note 2;
control of, transferred from clergy to people, [17-19];
free grammar, their foundation, [13-17];
their training, [21-22];
influence, [22-23];
first school founded by layman, [16], note 2;
school at Appleby, [14], note 2;
school at Ashburton, [13], note 2;
Banbury, [17];
Canterbury, [14], note 2;
attached to Clare Hall, Cambridge, [14];
at Coventry, [14], note 2;
Deritend, [13], note 2;
Hull, [14];
Liverpool, [14], note 2;
London, [13], note 2, [14], note 2;
Ludlow, [13], note 2;
Macclesfield, [16];
Manchester, [17];
Nottingham, [19], [348], note 3, [354], note 4;
school at Preston, [14], note 2;
Reading, [14];
Sandwich, [16];
Shrewsbury, [13], note 2;
Stockport, [16];
Stratford, [13], note 2;
Worcester, [13], note 2;
Wotton-under-Edge, [16], note 2
Schoolmasters, Erasmus’s description of, [22], note
Scott, Thomas, founds Rotherham college, [13]
Scrope, Sir John, visit of Sir William Plumpton’s daughter to, [78]
Sea, keeping of, given to English merchants, [323]
Seal of the community distinguished from mayor’s seal, [233], [238];
the common, of Norwich, [390], [391], [392];
of Southampton, [309];
of Winchester, [286]
Selling, Prior, appoints master for Canterbury school, [14], note 2
Serles, John, town clerk of Sandwich, [257], note 4
Serjeant of Lynn, his election, [418], note 3;
of Southampton, his election, [309];
rules about his appointment in Worcester and Bridgenorth, [271], note 3
Servants, their duties during harvest, [64];
of country gentry, appointed to offices of importance, [79], note 1
Shaa, Sir Edmund, establishes school at Stockport, [16]
Shearers of cloth resist introduction of machinery, [89]
Shearmen of London, [123-124];
of Shrewsbury, [126], note
Sheriffs, election of, [275], note 3;
of Norwich, their election, [373];
their tourns, [381]
Sherwood Forest, [328]
Shillingford, John, mayor of Exeter, [168], [172]
Ships, English, sent out to foreign ports, [291];
for protecting Southampton harbour, [298]
Shipbuilding in Southampton, [289]
Shoemakers, protection of tanners against, [165-166];
protected against cobblers, [166];
quarrels with cordwainers, [166];
of London, their complaint about foreigners, [95], note 1;
strikes among their journeymen, [124-125]
Shrewsbury, constitutional changes in fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, [285-286];
aldermen, [286];
bailiffs, [285];
disputes with Worcester as to jurisdiction over Severn, [42], note 1;
drapers’ company, [173], note 4, [183-184];
election of Members of Parliament, [285];
foreigners in guild, [49], note 1;
guild of Trinity, [144], note 2, [173], note 4;
mercers, [182], note 1;
shearmen, the festival suppressed, [126], note;
school, [13], note 2;
trade troubles, [324]
Shropshire, its wool, [88], note 3
Silver, its exportation forbidden, [69], note 3
Sligo, its trade with Southampton, [289]
Smallwood, John, town clerk of Hythe, [263], note 1
Smiths at Coventry, election of keepers among, [118], note 1
Smuggling at Southampton, [293-294]
Songs, political and satirical, their decline in fifteenth century, [6];
pictures of town life in, [6-12]
Soper, William, repairs Water gate, Southampton, &c., [291]
Southampton, example of early municipal government, [288];
its early constitution, [305-306];
attempt to make it a free port, [290];
interference of royal officers in, [296-297];
seized into King’s hands, [298];
grant to Margaret of Anjou, [300], note 3;
money troubles, [300-304], [313-314];
grant to hold land, [304], note 2;
Richard III.’s letter to, [313];
want of political activity, [318];
outer influences acting on, [320-321];
administration, [305-321];
alms, [295-296];
aldermen, [307-309], [312], note;
archers, [297], note 2;
audit house, [310];
Bargate tower, [310];
inquisition of boundaries in 1254, [314], note 4;
castle, [297], note 3;
common box, [314];
burgesses distinguished from commonalty, [311];
its charters, [306-310];
church of S. Michael, [308];
of Holy Rood, [316];
town clerk, [309];
foreign commerce, [288-292], [294], [320-321];
corruption by town authorities, [294-295];
made into county, [310];
leasing out of customs, [68], [291];
pressure of military discipline, [297-300];
twelve discreets, [278], note 1, [308], [309];
dispute with S. Julian’s Hospital, [314-315];
with abbot of Westminster, [52], note 1;
about Winchester fair, [292-293];
fair, [293];
ferm, [300-305];
foreign settlers, [289], [293], [320];
God’s House Meadow, [314];
guild merchant, [198], note 1, [207], note 3, [305];
exclusive right of melting tin ore given to, [293];
guild rules, [258], note 1;
town gunner, [298];
protection of harbour, [298];
hospital of S. Julian, [295];
home industries, [288-289];
Italian merchants in, [290], [293];
common lands, [311], [314-317];
settlement of London traders in, [291];
mayor the alderman of the guild, [306], [407], note 2;
his powers, [306];
election, [274-275], [306-307], [312-313];
salary, [314];
authority as King’s admiral, [319];
importance, [319-320];
presented at court leet, [318], note;
deposed, [303], note 1;
burgesses allowed to do without, [307];
town officers, their election and duties, [308-309];
“out-burgesses”, [47], note 2;
outlay in 1428, [303-304];
paviour, [32], note 3;
relief to paupers, [296];
revenue in 1428, [303-304];
Saltmarsh, [314];
common seal, [309];
smuggling, [293-294];
made staple of metals, [293];
decree about alien tailors, [294];
treaties with trading towns, [53];
growth of trade, [292-294], [305], note 1;
maintenance of walls, &c., [292], [298-299];
wharf, [294], note 1;
Water gate, [291];
money left for water pipes, [76];
condition of working people in fourteenth century, [295], [296]
Southwell, church of, Whitsuntide offerings at, [329]
Spain, its trade with Bristol, [73];
with Southampton, [290], [291], [294]
Speaker, the common, of Lynn, [414];
of common council of Norwich, [376];
of House of Commons, [376], note 3
Spurriers, guild of, its rules, [147]
“Stallingers” in Preston, [48]
Stapledon, Bishop, founds Ashburton school and Exeter college, [13], note 2
Statutes for regulation of craft guilds, [148-149];
for protection of drapers’ craftsmen, [87]
Steelyard, right of keeping, [27]
Stockport, its school, [16]
Stour, Act of Parliament for deepening, [435]
Stratford, school of guild at, [13], note 2
Stratford, London butchers rent houses at, [44-45];
meeting of journeymen saddlers at, [126]
Streets, improvement in their condition, [32]
Strikes among journeymen, [123-127]
Stroud, Flemish workmen settle in valley of, [88]
Stuppeneys, the, of Romney, [59], note
Suffolk, Earl of, [387], [392]
Sundays, reason for rules about closing on, [148];
shooting practised at Southampton on, [297];
trading forbidden on, [133]
Sussex, popular movements in, [429]
Sutton, Priors’, united with King’s Suttons, [219-220]
Sye, John, obtains licence to enclose common ground in Nottingham, [348], note 3
Symon, of Lynn, his pledge on behalf of Lübeck merchants, [404]
Syre, John, schoolmaster at Canterbury, [14], note 2
T
Tailors of Coventry, [208-209];
of Lynn, [151], note 1;
merchant, of London, granted royal charter, [182], note 1;
their charters of 1390 and 1502, [143], note 3;
their right of search transferred to mayor, [149], note 1;
their school, [13], note 2;
strike among their journeymen, [126-127];
alien, decree of Southampton in 1407 about, [294]
Tames, the, of Fairford, [68]
Tanners, protected against shoemakers, [165-166];
of Norwich, [105]
Taverners, profit allowed to be taken by, [36];
rebellions of, in London, [139]
Tawyers of London, their ordinances of 1365, [165]
Tenterden, its proposed union with Rye, [261-262]
Thorney, abbot of, his dispute with Northampton, [52], note
Tilers, regulations for their work, [152]
Tilly, mayor of Bristol, [267]
Tin ore, exclusive right of melting given to Southampton guild, [293]
Tol-booth of Norwich, [362], [389], note 1
Toll, retaliation in taking of, [53], note 1;
at Ipswich, money left for relief from, [76];
at Retford, settled by Nottingham, [335], note 2
“Tollerati” in Canterbury, [47]
“Tolleration money” in Canterbury, [47]
Totnes, its merchant guild, [33], note 2, [220]
Tourns of sheriffs of Norwich, [381]
[Towns], the characteristic movement of the fifteenth century in, [269-270];
their condition in Middle Ages, [29-33];
their accounts, use of Roman numerals in, [259];
town-books, [258];
burgesses and commonalty, [231-236];
copies of Magna Charta bought by, [236];
class inequalities and rivalries, [60];
effacing of class-distinctions, [80-81];
ancient customs, [230];
copying and translating of custumals, [257-258];
keeping of deeds, [258], note 2;
systems of government, [223-230], [253-254], [273-281];
foreigners in, [90-96];
their relations with guilds, [128-131], [135-138], [140-158], [181-189], [194];
jury-system, [228-229];
intellectual life, [19-23];
common lands, [234], [237-239];
their traditions of ancient liberties, [235-236];
prosperous middle class of, [57];
the appointment of officers in, [249-252];
rise of oligarchy, [240-246], [255-257], [264-265];
ordinances affected by local circumstances, [99], note 2;
strife of parties, [158-159], [190-191];
early privileges, [50-51];
questions of conflicting rights in, [51-52];
rolls, [259-260];
treaties made between towns, [52-53];
of eastern coast, their intense vitality, [360-361];
of Netherlands, their temper of independence, [360-361.]
Trade, mediæval system of, [55];
contrasted with modern theory, [134-136];
reasons for its regulation, [43-48];
its depression under Henry VIII., [87];
manufacturing, its decline in Canterbury, London, and Norwich, [88];
between towns, [53-54];
of Bristol, [73];
of Liverpool, [41];
of Lynn, [404].
Trade union, modern, its difference from mediæval craft guild, [115-116], [134-136], [159-160]
Traders, English, their character, [82-85];
power to hold citizenship in more than one borough, [49];
rough training, [57-59];
position in towns, [60-62];
devices to increase wealth, [64-66];
capitalists and employers, [66-67];
lend money to kings, [78];
great marriages, [78-80];
their art of organization, [83];
their complaint against foreigners, [94-95];
against suburban manufacturers, [96-97];
their fraudulent dealings, [137-138];
feeling of common folk against, [138];
their foundation of schools, [16], [17];
withdrawal outside town boundaries, [45-46];
Trades ordered to form themselves into guilds, [155-156];
disputes about boundaries, [165-166];
terms of incorporation, [156];
of London, jurisdiction of, in early fourteenth century, [149], note 2
Treaties between towns, [52-53], [233];
commercial, of Henry VII., [87]
Trenode, Richard, his services to Plymouth, [219-220]
Trent, bridge over, [322], [324];
dispute about control of waters, [328-329];
free passage granted to Nottingham, [331]
“Triours” of Canterbury, [276]
“Trove”, weighing of wool at the, [28]
Tuddenham, Sir Thomas, [388], [389], [391], [393], [394]
Turks, war against, grant from Richard II. to Emperor for, [292], note 1
Turtle, mayor of Bristol, [267]
Tyece, James, of Romney, [61]
U
Usurers, burghers become, [77-78]
V
Venice, its trade with Southampton, [288], [290], [291];
ships of, compete with Jacques Cœur for Mediterranean coasting trade, [81];
“Vice-comites”, [361], note 3
Victuallers, profit allowed to be taken by, [35-36];
their wealth, [60-65];
forbidden to hold offices in towns, [62], note 1
W
Wages, payment on truck system, [65-66];
disputes about, [88];
fixed by law, [152];
of labourers and artizans in fifteenth century, [131-133];
of labourer in Norwich before 1340, [101];
of journeyman, [104], note 1;
of town clerk, [262]
Wakefield, cloth-makers at, [89]
Walden, teaching of children at, [17-18]
Waleys, Nicholas, [390]
Wallingford, its trade with Romney, [61]
Walloons in Sandwich, [430], note 4
Walsall, authority of guilds at, [183-184]
Wars of the Roses, action of townsmen in, [331];
their effects on towns, [265];
on Southampton budget, [300-304]
Wards of Norwich, [376], [380];
of Sandwich, [431];
hereditary owners of, [253];
of Canterbury, [276], [279], note 1
Warden of guilds sworn before mayor, [150]
Warwick, guilds and government in, [186]
Warwick, Earl of, [302];
Lydd sends men to help, [262];
his relations with Southampton, [299], [302], [303]
Wayhill, fair at, [66]
Wealth, its unequal distribution among townspeople, [60];
of butchers, brewers, and victuallers, [60-65];
devices to increase, [64-67]
Weavers of Bristol, their complaints, [92];
forbidden to employ women, [96], note;
of Leicester, [122], note 1;
of London, their privileges, [141-142];
quarrels with burellers, [160-162];
decline of the guild, [162];
of Newcastle, [102], note 2;
of Nottingham, their payment to King for guild, [141], note;
of Winchester, [121], note 5;
of York, their monopoly, [106], note 1;
Flemish, in England, [90-91], [94];
ordinances for, [162]
Weigher, the common, [34]
Weights tested and sealed by mayor, [27-28];
use of stones for, [28]
Wells, its council of twenty-four, [278], note 1
Welles, John, [391]
Wendling, abbot of, his disputes with Norwich, [387], note
Westminster, abbot of, his relations with Southampton, [52], note, [53], note 4
Wetherby, Thomas, [389-393]
Whittingdon, Richard, his prosperity, [72]
Widows, provision for, in Nottingham and London, [80]
Wight, Isle of, supplied by Southampton with wool for web, [289]
William of Worcester, [20]
William-at-the-Mill, [262]
Wiltshire, Earl of, seizes carracks of Genoa in Southampton, [302]
Winchelsea, its gun-metal, [54], note 1;
election of jurats in, [434], note 2
Winchester attempts free trade, [47], note 1;
its treaty with Southampton, [53];
ordinance against payment on truck system, [66], note 1;
payment of weavers in, [121], note 5;
bailiffs, [286];
craft guilds, [142];
contribution of burellers to ferm, [154], note 1;
German town clerk, [261];
method of electing mayor, [274];
its constitution, [286];
its common seal, [286];
staple for wool, [290];
Parliament at, [400]
Women might be traders, [33], note 2;
admitted to guild merchant, [33], [193], note;
disputes about employment of, [88];
employment as weavers in Bristol forbidden, [96], note;
their property guarded by law, [33], note 2
[Wool] stored in common house, [3];
weighed at the “Trove”, [28];
manufactured at Nottingham, [326];
different qualities of, [88], note 3;
Winchester made staple for, [290];
trade in, its importance, [11];
superseded by cloth manufacture, [98-99];
in Norfolk, supervised by Norwich, [385-386]
Worcester, free school of the guild of S. Nicholas at, [13], note 2;
its “citizens denizen” and “citizens foreign”, [39-40];
its disputes with Shrewsbury, [42], note 1;
ordinance against payment on truck system, [66], note 1;
complaint about non-observance of assize of breadth of cloth, [67], note 2;
its decay, [97], note 3;
ordinances to protect townsmen against country weavers, [106];
regulation for tilers, [152];
common lands, [237];
town clerk, [259], note 6;
use of parchment, [259];
appointment of serjeants and constables in, [271], note 3;
its two councils, [278] note 2
Worsted shearers of Norwich, [149], note 1
Worsted trade of Norwich and Norfolk, [385-386]
Wotton-under-Edge, first lay school at, [16], note 2
Wycombe, its fair, [25], note 2;
gifts to church, [75], note 2;
mayor, [260], note 4;
his election, [228];
binding of corporation books, [230], note 2;
common lands, [237]
Y
Yarmouth, its two councils, [278], note 2;
translation of book of laws and customs, [258], note 1;
appointment of searcher, [79], note 1;
appointment of bailiffs by Cinque Ports, [434]
Yelverton, Judge, [394]
Ymme, John, M.P. for Norwich, [400]
York, its mistery of mercers, [69], note 2;
merchant’s daughter of, marries Sir W. Plumpton, [78];
coverlet-makers, [97], note 3;
weavers, [106], note 1;
Edward IV.’s patent about election of mayor, [186];
guilds, [205], note 1;
guildhall, [205];
town clerk, [261], note 1, [263]
York, Duke of, his reception at Norwich, [394]
Yorkshire, Flemish weavers in, [94]
Z
Zealand, its trade with Southampton, [291], [294];
with Lynn, [404]
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