The natives of British Central Africa

by Alice Werner

INDEX

• Abanda (Yao clan), [160], [253].
• Abstinence from certain foods, [94-6].
• Achikunda (Chikundas), [24], [61], [95].
• Achipeta, [25];
• their tobacco, [178];
• their country, [281].
• Adultery, [152], [265-6].
• Agnatic descent (chilawa), [253].
• Ajawa. See [Yaos].
• Alolo (Anguru), [24], [32], [33].
• their tribe marks, [39].
• Alunda, [25].
• Alungu, [25].
• Ancestral spirits, [48 et seq.], [54], [62-66].
• Angoni, [24], [29], [34], [35].
• their prayers and sacrifices, [53].
• harems of chiefs, [132].
• chiefs order wholesale mwavi-drinkings, [170].
• war-dance, [228].
• migrations, [278-285].
• raids, [283-4].
• Animals as witches’ messengers, [84], [169].
• in folk-lore, [231 et seq.]
• reserved for chiefs’ eating, [272].
• Ants, white (termites), [22], [191];
• used as food, [137], [192].
• omens drawn from, [94].
• Ant-eater, [17], [272].
• Anyanja, [24 et seq.], [277].
• subject to Angoni, [29], [35], [272].
• conquered by Makololo, [37], [268-9].
• their worship, [63].
• their chiefs, ‘old gods of the land,’ [51], [58].
• villages, [99 et seq.]
• betrothal and marriage customs, [130 et seq.]
• burial, [156], and [Ch. VII. passim].
• tales, [231], [233], [238 et seq.]
• system of kinship, [253].
• tribal organisation, [255-6].
• raided by Angoni, [283-4].
• Apodzo, hippo-hunters, [190-1].
• Arrows, [187].
• Astræa, myth of, [75].
• Atonga, [33].
• their beliefs, [56], [58].
• burial customs, [157 et seq.]
• conquered by Angoni, [280].
• Awankonde, [22], [34].
• their beliefs, [62].
• prayers, [63].
• marriage ceremonies, [131].
• Awemba (Babemba), [25], [71].
• human sacrifices, [160].
• corpses of chiefs mummified, [163].
• Babemba. See [Awemba].
• Babies, [102 et seq.]
• Baboons, [17], [121], [183].
• Bachelors’ house, [122].
• Ball-game, [113].
• Bantu race, [3], [27];
• kingdoms founded by, [256], [259].
• language-family, [27], [208 et seq.]
• folk-tales, [230 et seq.]
• Bark-cloth, [200].
• Barnes, Rev. H. B., quoted, [92], [207].
• Baskets, [197-9].
• used in salt-making, [206].
• Batonga (Batoka), [25], [42], [175].
• Batumbuka, [24], [33];
• their history, [285-6].
• Beads, [44], [108], [153].
• Beer (moa), mode of making, [138].
• offered to spirits, [47], [52].
• used for divination, [53].
• brewed after funerals, [166].
• supplied by chief during hoeing, [184].
• to canoe-makers, [194].
• Bees, wild, [23], [191].
• Bemba. See [Awemba].
• Birds, [19], [20].
• Blacksmiths, [145], [201].
• Blood-guiltiness, curse of (chirope), [67-8], [265].
• Boys, [119 et seq.];
• sent to herd for Angoni chiefs, [35], [128];
• their initiation ceremonies, [124-6].
• Bows, [186].
• Bread (native), [140].
• Buffalo, [16-17].
• Burial, [156 et seq.]
• Bush, character of, [8-9].
• Bwalo (‘forum’ or village green), [139], [145-6].
• (young men’s dormitory), [122].
• Bwebweta (raving), [63], [65].
• Calabar tale of tortoise, [239].
• Calico worn by natives, [48], [107].
• offered to spirits, [52].
• sewn by men, [135], [153], [197].
• draped over dead man’s house, [165].
• Cannibalism, [85], [169].
• Canoes, [194].
• Canoe-songs, [217], [218].
• Cassava, [177].
• Chameleon, [72-4].
• Champiti, head-man of Ntumbi, his narrative of the Angoni migrations, [282].
• Charms, [79 et seq.]
• Chekusi, the Angoni chief, [35], [170], [284].
• Chekusi II. (Chatantumba or Gomani), [35], [172], [219].
• Chesinka, his dream, [46].
• Chevalier, M. Aug., quoted, [63 (note)].
• Chibisa, Nyanja chief, [82], [258].
• Chief, paramount, [255];
• his powers, [261].
• performs religious ceremonies, [56], [271].
• owns land, but cannot alienate, [271].
• installation of, [260].
• Chiefs, women, [256].
• of Batumbuka, anointed with lions’ fat, [285].
• of Awemba, mummified after death, [163].
• of Atonga buried above ground, [160].
• Chieftainship, succession to, [258-9].
• Chigamuka, Tumbuka chief, defeated Angoni, [286].
• Chigunda, Nyanja chief, takes part in prayers for rain, [56], [76].
• Chikulamayembe, Tumbuka chief, [285].
• Chikumbu, Yao chief, supposed invulnerable, [82].
• Children, care and treatment of, [104 et seq.]
• Chilwa, Lake (Shirwa), [5], [283];
• salt-pits, [207].
• Chimbwi, chief undertaker among Atonga, [162].
• Chinsunzi, Nyanja chief, [255].
• Chiperone, Mount, [7].
• Chipetas. See [Achipeta].
• Chipoka, Nyanja chief at Mlanje, [47], [66].
• Chiradzulo, Mount, [7].
• Chirobwe, Mount, [7], [281].
• Chiromo, [2], [5].
• Chirope. See [Blood-guiltiness].
• Chiruwi (or Chitowe), [59], [60], [245].
• Chiuta = Mulungu, [56-8], [72].
• Chiuta, Lake, [5].
• Clans among Yaos, [252].
• Anyanja, [253].
• Colenso, Bishop, quoted, [222].
• Cooking, [136-7].
• Copper, [8].
• ‘Coronation’ of chiefs, [260-1].
• Corpses suspended on trees, [155-6], [159].
• Creation myths, [70 et seq.]
• Criminal charges, [263].
• Crocodiles, [20], [206], [244].
• Crops, [176 et seq.]
• Cross, Dr. Kerr, quoted, [38].
• Dances, [96-8], [116], [226 et seq.]
• Dancing-man, [221], [226].
• Darning, [196].
• Dead ‘go to Mulungu,’ [55-6].
• Debtors, [267].
• Dennett, Mr. R. E., quoted, [242], [249].
• Digging-stick, [181].
• Divination by flour or beer, [53], [64-5].
• by moving sticks, [90], [92].
• by lot, [93].
• by knife, or three sticks, [94].
• Division of labour between men and women, [134-5].
• Divorce, [152-3].
• Dogs, used for hunting by Angoni, [188].
• wild (Lycaon pictus), [18].
• Dolls, [69], [113].
• Dreams, [46], [64], [187].
• Dress of children, [105-7].
• Drums, [224-6].
• Duff, Mr. H.L., quoted, [115].
• Dzonze, Mount, [7].
• Ear Ornaments, [41].
• Earthquakes, theory of, [56].
• Eland, [17].
• Elephants, [16], [186], [188].
• in folk-lore, [233 et seq.]
• Elton, the late F. J., [16].
• ‘Empires,’ Bantu, [259].
• Evil spirits, [61-2].
• Family Affection, [146-8].
• Fauna, [16-23].
• Feast at end of mourning, [166-7].
• Fences leading to game-pits, [189].
• Ferns, [14].
• Fire made by rubbing two sticks, [74], [167].
• ‘forbidden,’ [166].
• due to witches, [88], [169].
• First-fruits, [271].
• Fish-spears, [192].
• traps, [192].
• Fishing-hooks, [193].
• nets, [193]
• Flowers, [15].
• worn as ornaments, [41], [108], [121].
• Flute, [120], [222-3].
• Food of infants, [105].
• of older children, [108].
• in general, [136 et seq.]
• how stored, [141].
• Forge, [145], [202].
• Fowls, [101];
• eaten at wedding, [131].
• Fruits, wild, [15].
• Game-pits, [189].
• fences leading to, [189].
• Games, [111 et seq.]
• Gardens, [137], [177 et seq.]
• new marked out, [179].
• Ghosts, [66].
• Girls, their games, [113], [121].
• their work, [119].
• initiation, [126].
• betrothed in infancy, [129-30].
• Goats, [101], [119].
• Gold, [8].
• Gori (slave-stick), [267].
• Government, [255].
• Grain-store (nkokwe), [181], [182].
• Graphite, [7].
• Grass, [6], [7], [9].
• bands of plaited, used in mourning, [157].
• fired near lake, a criminal act, [267].
• Grass-fires, [9-11].
• Graves not visited, [154].
• Groves used for burial, [99], [154].
• Gun-medicine, [81-2].
• Guns, [187].
• fired at funerals, [158].
• Hæmatite, [7].
• Hairdressing, [43], [105], [107].
• Hare in African folk-lore, [231 et seq.]
• Harems of Makololo and Angoni chiefs, [132], [269].
• Harvest, [183].
• Head-band (lisanda) worn by Yao chiefs, [260].
• Henry, Dr., treats Chekusi’s mother for rheumatism, [170].
• Herd-boys, [119].
• Hetherwick, Rev. A., quoted, [55], [69], [175].
• Hippopotamus, [16], [183], [190-1].
• Hoes, [180].
• Honey, [191].
• Horns buried by witches, [82].
• by witch-detective, [89].
• Hot springs, [6].
• House of deceased abandoned or destroyed, [165].
• Houses, square, [100], [144].
• Hunters, customs observed by, [187].
• Hunting, [185 et seq.]
• parties, [186].
• Husbands, native, [149].
• Huts described, [100].
• construction of, [141-2].
• interior arrangement, [143].
• Hyena, [18].
• witches turn into, [84-5], [87].
• in folk-lore, [236], [240], [244].
• Hynde, Mr. R. S., quoted, [252].
• Idols, [68].
• Infants, burial of, [160].
• Initiation—boys, [124];
• girls, [126].
• Insects, [21-23].
• Interior of huts, [143-4].
• Iron ore, [7].
• Iron, workers in, [201].
• Johnson, Ven. W. B. (Archdeacon of Likoma), quoted, [257].
• Johnston, Sir Harry, quoted, [3], [16], [19], [20], [24], [28], [33], [34], [42], [66], [79], [86], [196], [223].
• Junod, M. Henri A., quoted, [66], [78], [201], [223].
• Kaboa, one of Ntumbi elders, [173].
• Kambwiri, H., teacher of Blantyre Mission, [234], [280].
• Kangomba, [48], [51].
• Kankomba (Kangomba), Nyanja chief, [255].
• Kapeni, Yao chief, [253], [258].
• Kapirimtiya, starting-point of human race, [70].
• Katunga’s, [5].
• Keloids, [38-9].
• Kidnapping, [275].
• Kintu, Baganda myth of, [75].
• Kirk Mountains, [7].
• Klipspringer (gwapi), [17].
• Knives, [201], [203].
• Kumtaja, Yao chief, calls in Angoni, [260].
• Land inalienable, [271].
• Leopard, [18].
• Levirate, [133], [167].
• Leza = Mulungu, also = lightning, [58].
• Lezi. See [Leza].
• Lightning personified, [57].
• Lindsay, Mr. J., quoted, [97], [125].
• Lions, [18], [62], [64], [86-7].
• Lipepete Mountain, [7].
• Livingstone quoted, [4], [6], [25], [36], [37], [56], [64], [174], [201-2], [256], [267].
• Local head-men, [255], [270].
• Locusts, [23], [46].
• Lomwe, [32]. See [Alolo].
• Loom, [155-6].
• Luangwa River, [4], [25], [26], [42].
• Luasi hills, [33].
• Luchereng’anga = Mulungu, [71].
• Lujenda valley, old home of Yaos, [257].
• Lustration, after funeral, [162].
• Lycanthropy, [86-7].
• Lyke-wake, [157-8].
• Mabisalila, witch-detective, [89 et seq.], [263].
• MacAlpine, Rev. A. G., quoted, [68], [85], [161], [166].
• Macdonald, Rev. Duff, quoted, [48 et seq.], [60], [65], [133], [227], [236], [240], [245], [247], [254], [266], [268].
• Machinga (Yaos), [95], [258], [275], [284].
• Madzimavi, son of Mpezeni, [281].
• Magic defined, [76].
• Magomero, [280].
• Magwangwara (Zulus), [283].
• Maize, [177];
• how sown, [188].
• Makalanga, [25], [277].
• Makololo, [24], [36], [37].
• chiefs, their harems, [132].
• wholesale mwavi-drinkings, [170].
• their despotism, [268-9].
• Makua, [24], [39].
• teeth filed, [42].
• Malabvi Mountain, witch living on, [61].
• Malemya, Yao chief at Zomba, [259-60].
• Mandala, brother of Chekusi, [35], [172], [219].
• Mang’anja. See [Anyanja].
• Mangoche Mountain, old home of Yaos, [58];
• tribe, [258].
• Manis. See [Ant-eater].
• Mankala game, [113], [146].
• Mankokwe, Rundo of the Upper Shiré, [255].
• Mapira (Sorghum vulgare), [182], [183].
• Maples, Bishop, quoted, [253].
• Mapondera, pounder of the mwavi, [171], [175].
• Maravi, [25]. See [Anyanja].
• Marriage, [128 et seq.]
• ceremony, [131], [134].
• Masea, Makololo chief, [37].
• Mashona, [25].
• Masked dancers at mysteries, [98].
• Matope, Yao chief, [53], [165].
• Mats, [199].
• Mausoleum, [164].
• Mazitu. See [Angoni].
• Mbasi, spirit of evil believed in by Wankonde, [62].
• Mbona, [60], [61].
• Mbudzi, Chigunda’s sister, leads prayers for rain, [56].
• Mchombwa. See [Mankala].
• Meals, [139].
• Medicines (herbs and charms), [80 et seq.]
• shown to people by Chiruwi, [59].
• Men’s work, [134-5], [197].
• Metamorphosis, [84], [85-7], [240].
• Migrations of Angoni, [278 et seq.]
• Minerals, [7-8].
• Mlandu, [262].
• Mlanje Mountain, [6].
• Mlauri, Makololo chief, [37].
• Moa. See [Beer].
• Modelling, [117], [120].
• Moffat, Rev. Robert, quoted, [36].
• Moir, Mr. John, interrupts mwavi trial, [174].
• Monkeys, [17].
• Mombera, Zulu (Ngoni) chief, [33], [279], [290].
• his funeral, [163].
• Morality, connection between religion and, [67-8].
• Morambala Mountain, [1], [6].
• Alolo living there, [32].
• witch living there, [61].
• Mourning, [156 et seq.]
• Mpambe = Mulungu, [55], [56], [57], [185].
• Mpende, Nyanja chief, [26], [255].
• Mpezeni, Angoni chief, [281].
• Mphiyu, medicine eaten in order to turn into an animal, [85-6].
• Mtanga, Yao spirit, [58], [70].
• Mulungu, [48], [53 et seq.]
• name applied to spirits of dead when worshipped, [54], [62].
• impersonal conception, [55].
• as creator, [70-74].
• driven from earth, [74].
• sought by woman in Yao tale, [245-6].
• Mummification of corpse among Awemba, [163].
• Murchison Cataracts, [5].
• Murder, [264].
• of relation or dependent, how avenged, [67].
• Music, [216-17].
• Musical instruments, [221 et seq.]
• Mvai Mountain, [7].
• Mwavi poison, [168], [171], [263], [265].
• Mweru, Lake, salt swamps, [207].
• Mwiko, prohibition, [94-6].
• Mysteries, [123-8].
• dances at, [97-8], [127-8].
• Names, [103-4].
• changed at mysteries, [126].
• witches call dead person by his childish name, [88], [169].
• Namzuruwa, Nyanja chief, [66].
• Nchomokela, sacred hill of Batonga, [175].
• Ndirande Mountain, near Blantyre, [8].
• villagers of, [32].
• tree with offerings on, [51].
• haunted by spirit, [48], [51].
• Neck-rests (pillows), [204].
• Needles, [196].
• Net-fishing, [193].
• Nose-scrapers, [203].
• Ntumbi, village of Upper Shiré district, [99], [133], [172].
• forge at, [202].
• head-men relate traditions, [280].
• Nyambadwe Mountain, [7], [88].
• Nyanja, language, [25], [210 et seq.]
• Nyasa, Lake, [2], [3], [5].
• changes in level, [5-6].
• origin of, [75].
• Angoni pass round north end, [281].
• Offerings to spirits, [52].
• at graves, [159], [164].
• eaten by undertakers, [159].
• Omens, [94], [187].
• Oracle of ufa-cone, [53], [187].
• of sticks, [90], [92].
• of lot (ula), [93].
• Ordeal by mwavi poison, [90], [168], [175], [263].
• people who die by it not buried, [160].
• other ordeals, [264].
• Owl, wizards’ messenger, [84], [169].
• Palms, [14].
• Pangolin. See [Ant-eater].
• Parents and children, [108-110].
• Peden, Dr., [284].
• Pelele (lip-ring), [26], [32], [40].
• Pembereka, elder at Ntumbi, [101], [173].
• died of mwavi, [173].
• Pepper (Chile), [80], [140].
• Periplus of Hanno, [10-11].
• Piano (native), [223].
• Pigeons, [101].
• Pillows. See [Neck-rests].
• Pirie, Mr. George, quoted, [160].
• Plaiting wicker-work, [197].
• Poison used in fishing, [15], [194].
• (mwavi). See [Mwavi] and [Ordeal].
• Polyandry, traces of, [257].
• Polygamy, [132-3], [149].
• Porcupine, [17].
• Porridge, [136].
• Potatoes (sweet), [177].
• Pot broken at grave, [165].
• Pottery, [204-6].
• Pounding corn, [135-6].
• Praises of the dead, [158].
• Prayer, [49], [53], [62-3].
• Prayer-tree, [62], [63].
• Priestly functions exercised by chiefs, [271].
• Priests (sacrificers), [270].
• Property of deceased, how disposed of, [167-8].
• in land, [271].
• Prophets, [65].
• Protectorate of British Central Africa, boundaries of, [1-3];
• area, [4].
• Pumpkins, [181].
• Python, [21];
• Yao tale of, [243].
• Raids of Angoni, [284].
• Rain, [10], [11], [179-80], [185].
• prayers for, [51].
• sent by Mpambe, [56-7].
• people shouting for, [57].
• Rainbow, [57].
• Rain-charms, [77-80].
• Rain-doctor, [79].
• Ramakukane, Makololo chief, [37], [268].
• Rats forbidden to some, [96].
• in folk-lore, [243].
• Rattles, [226].
• Razors, [107].
• Reid, Mr. J., quoted, [39].
• Relationship, terms of, [254].
• Reptiles, [20], [21].
• Riddles, [121], [212-213].
• Rod and line fishing, [193-4].
• Ronga women’s ceremony for bringing rain, [78].
• Roofs, [142].
• Rowley, Rev. H., quoted, [29], [30], [31], [51], [55], [56], [60], [259].
• Rundo (Lundu), Paramount Chief of Anyanja, [60], [255].
• Ruo River, [2], [255].
• Sacrifices, [47], and see [Offerings].
• Sacrilege, [165], [267].
• Salt, [139-40].
• making, [206-7].
• Sandia, Nyanja chief, [26], [255].
• Sansi, musical instrument, [222].
• Saurian, extinct, model of, constructed at mysteries, [97].
• Scott, Rev. D. C., quoted, [66], [95], [229], [272].
• visited Chekusi, [254].
• Seasons. See [Rain].
• Sebituane, Makololo chief, [36], [268].
• Senzagakona, Zulu king, [278].
• Sewing, [196].
• Sharpe, Sir A., quoted, [207].
• Shaving, [105], [107].
• of hair in mourning, [166].
• Shiré Highlands, [6-7].
• River, [1-2];
• name unknown to natives, [2];
• flows out of Nyasa, [5].
• Sipopo, Barotse chief, [36].
• Slavery, [147], [272-5].
• Slaves, murder of, [67], [265]. See [Chirope].
• have a voice in appointment of chief, [259].
• sacrificed at master’s death, [160].
• Slave-stick. See [Gori].
• Smallpox, people dying of, not buried, [155]. ([See also note in Addenda.])
• Smith, Rev. J. A., quoted, [53].
• Mombera takes lessons from, [279].
• Smithy (see [Forge]), [202].
• Snakes, [21];
• dead show themselves as, [64].
• Sochi Mountain, [6], [46];
• haunted, [51].
• Songs, [216], [224].
• Sosola cheats Angoni, [281].
• Spider in African folk-lore, [74], [239-40].
• Spirit-huts, [47], [48], [50].
• Spirits propitiated, [46-49], etc.
• kept in hut on Morambala, [61].
• prayed to, [62].
• possess and inspire the living, [63].
• heard drumming and singing in Bush, [66].
• Spoons (ladles), [139].
• Stocks, [267-8].
• Story-telling, [121], [230], [251].
• String-making, [118].
• Stringed instruments, [221-2].
• Succession to chieftainship, [259].
• Sugar-cane, [108], [176].
• Sureties of husbands and wives, [132-4].
• Tabu, [94-6].
• Talismans carried by hunters, [188].
• Tambuka. See [Batumbuka].
• Tatuing. See [Keloids].
• Teeth chipped, [41-43].
• Temples, [63].
• Theal, Dr. M’Call, quoted, [276].
• Theft, secret, regarded with horror, [84].
• punishment of, [264].
• Thorn-trees, [15].
• Thunder personified, [57].
• Tingani, Nyanja chief, [255].
• Tobacco, [178].
• Torrend, Rev. J., S.J., quoted, [33].
• Tortoise in folk-lore, [232], [239].
• Traps, various kinds, [189-90].
• sham, made by women to frighten hippos, [183].
• Trees, [14-15].
• sacred, [50], [52], [62], [101].
• for canoe-making, [194].
• Tribute paid to chiefs, [269-70].
• Tshaka, Zulu king, [278].
• Tuchila River, [7].
• Tyolo Mountain, [7], [60].
• Uncle Remus, [231 et seq.]
• ‘Undertakers’ (adzukulo or awilo), [159], [161 et seq.]
• Undi, Nyanja chief, [26], [256].
• Unkulunkulu = Mulungu, [54].
• Unyago. See [Mysteries].
• Villages described, [99 et seq.]
• Volcanic action, traces of, [6].
• Wailing for dead, [157-8].
• War, burial of men killed in, [160], [289].
• War-arrows, [187].
• War-dances, [228-9].
• Watch-huts in gardens, [183].
• Weaving, [195-6].
• Weirs for catching fish, [192].
• Whale represented in mysteries, [97].
• Whistles, [188], [223].
• Widows, re-marriage of, [167].
• Witchcraft, [84 et seq.], [168], [266-7].
• Women preside over religious ceremonies, [56], [77].
• their meals, [139].
• position of, [148 et seq.]
• work of, [135-6], [197], [204-6], [207].
• Yao, captured and married by ‘Angoni,’ [133].
• clean out wells to bring rain, [77].
• chiefs, [256].
• Wood-carving, [203].
• Woodward, Ven. H. W. (Archdeacon of Magila), quoted, [22].
• Yaos (Wayao or Ajawa), [24], [31], [51 et seq.]
• tribe-marks, [39].
• tooth-chipping, [42].
• special deities, [58].
• come from Mangoche Mountain, [58].
• notions as to blood-guiltiness, [67].
• birth-customs, [112].
• betrothal and marriage customs, [129 et seq.]
• man lives at wife’s village, [131].
• language, [211].
• tales, [234], [236], [239 et seq.]
• trace descent through mother, [252].
• their old home in Lujenda valley, [257], [276].
• five branches of tribe, [258].
• Young, E. D., quoted, [283].
• Zambezi River, [1], [3], [4], [25].
• crossed by Angoni, [280].
• Zebra, [9], [17].
• Zinyao dances, [97-8], [127-8].
• Zomba, [7], [98], [259], [283].
• Zulu spoken by Angoni, [35].
• Zulus, [34], [35], [54], [72], [129], [271], [277-8].
• Zwangendaba, Zulu chief, [279].
• Zwide ka’ Yanga, Zulu chief, [278].

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