MEASLES.
Measles is an acute contagious disease characterized by moderate fever of about a week’s duration; by an eruption on the skin, appearing on the third or fourth day as small red spots that soon coalesce into crescentic blotches, remain three or four days, and then disappear with a branny desquamation; and by catarrhal symptoms involving the eyes, nose, and bronchial tubes (conjunctivitis, coryza, and bronchitis). The most common complications of the disease are catarrhal pneumonia, inflammation of the gastro-intestinal tract, and inflammation of the middle ear.
Management.—The preventive measures described in connection with scarlet fever are applicable in measles. The room should be maintained at a temperature of 70° F., and should be moderately darkened. The bed should be so arranged that the face will be directed away from the light. Milk, broths, and gruels are suitable forms of nourishment. The temperature, pulse, respiration, hours of sleep, quantity of nourishment, amount of urine, and the effects of therapeutic measures should be carefully noted as in other fevers. Daily inunctions of the body with cold cream or olive oil are useful. Spraying the nose and throat with a mild antiseptic solution, and washing the eyes with boric acid solution (15 grains to the ounce of water) are usually ordered. Hot baths and hot drinks are indicated when the rash is delayed. Fever is generally controlled by sponging. Great care is necessary during convalescence to avert complications.