APPENDIX

The New York City Department of Health has kindly permitted us to include the following circulars of information issued by the Division of Child Hygiene.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
THE CITY OF NEW YORK
Instructions to Parents Regarding the Care of the Mouth and Teeth.

The physical examination of school children shows that in many instances the teeth are in a decayed and unhealthy condition.

Decayed teeth cause an unclean mouth. Toothache and disease of the gums may result.

Neglect of the first teeth is a frequent cause of decay of the second teeth.

If a child has decayed teeth, it cannot properly chew its food. Improperly chewed food and an unclean mouth cause bad digestion, and consequently poor general health.

If a child is not in good health, it cannot keep up with its studies in school. It is more likely to contract any contagious disease, and it has not the proper chance to grow into a robust, healthy adult.

If the child's teeth are decayed, it should be taken to a dentist at once.

The teeth should be brushed after each meal, using a tooth brush and tooth powder.

The following tooth powder is recommended:

This prescription can be filled by any druggist at a cost not to exceed fifteen cents.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
CITY OF NEW YORK
Instructions to Parents Regarding the Care of the Nose

The physical examination of school children shows that in many instances they breathe through the mouth because they cannot breathe properly or sufficiently through the nose.

This may be due to bad habits in regard to keeping the nose clean, or, in a majority of instances, to a growth which is known as "adenoids" and which stops up the back of the nose. In either case, the air is not breathed through the nose, and the child becomes what is known as a "mouth breather."

Constant breathing through the mouth causes the child to become pale, restless in its sleep and dull in its actions. The child often speaks as though it had a cold in the head. Frequently there is an almost constant discharge from the nose.

Mouth breathing renders a child especially liable to contract tuberculosis and other infectious diseases; in fact, the child has very little resistance to disease of any kind.

Every child should be given a handkerchief, and be taught to thoroughly blow the nose several times each day. If, after doing this regularly, the child is still unable to breathe properly through the nose, it is probable that an adenoid growth is present. Such children should be taken to the family physician or to a dispensary for further advice and treatment.

Do not wait too long in the hope that the child will outgrow the condition, for the effect of adenoid growths persisting throughout childhood may injure the person for life.

Have your child's throat and nose examined one month after measles, scarlet fever, or diphtheria.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
CITY OF NEW YORK
Instructions to Parents on the Care of Children's Hair and Scalp

Children affected with vermin of the head are excluded from school. The following directions will cure the condition:

Mix one-half pint of sweet oil and one-half pint of kerosene oil. Shake the mixture well and saturate the hair with the mixture. Then wrap the head in a large bath towel or rubber cap so that the head is entirely covered; the head must remain covered from six to eight hours.

(Tincture of larkspur may be used instead of oil mixture. The directions for use are the same.)

After removing the towel, the head should be shampooed as follows:

To two quarts of warm water add one teaspoonful of sodium carbonate (washing soda). Wet the hair with this solution and then apply Castile soap and rub the head thoroughly about ten minutes. Wash the soap out of the hair with repeated washings of clear warm water. Dry the hair thoroughly.

Nits: If the head is shampooed regularly each week as above described, it will cure and prevent the condition of "nits."

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
CITY OF NEW YORK
DIET FOR CHILD FROM 12TH TO 18TH MONTH

First Meal—on Rising.

(1) 1 to 2 ounces juice of a sweet orange
or
Pulp of 6 stewed prunes
or
1 ounce pineapple juice.

(2) 8 ounces milk with either zwieback, or toasted biscuits or stale toasted bread.

Note: Fruit must be given either ½ hour before or ½ hour after milk.

Second Meal—During Forenoon.

Milk alone or with zwieback.

Noon Meal.

(1) 6 ounces soup
or
3 ounces beef juice.

Note: Soup may be made of chicken, beef or mutton.

(2) Stale bread may be added to the above.

Fourth Meal—Afternoon.

Milk or toasted bread and milk.

Evening Meal.

(1) 4 ounces thick gruel mixed with 4 ounces top half milk. Taken with zwieback.

Note: Gruel may be made of oatmeal, farina, barley, hominy, wheatena, or rice.

(2) Apple sauce
or
Prune jelly.

Total milk in 24 hours, 1 to 1¼quarts.

Note: 8 ounces is equal to a half pint.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
CITY OF NEW YORK
DIET FOR CHILD FROM 18TH TO 24TH MONTH

Breakfast.

(1) Juice of one sweet orange
or
Pulp of six stewed prunes
or
Pineapple juice (fresh or bottled) 1 ounce.

(2) A cereal such as cream of wheat, oatmeal, farina, or hominy preparations with top milk (top 16 ounces) sweetened or salted. A glass of milk, bread and butter.

Note: If constipated give the fruit ½ hour before breakfast with water; if not, they may be given during the forenoon.

Raw fruit juice must be given either ½ hour before or ½ hour after milk.

Forenoon.

A glass of milk with two toasted biscuits or zwieback or graham crackers.

Dinner.

(1) Broth or soup made of beef, mutton, or chicken, and thickened with peas, farina, sago or rice
or
Beef juice with stale bread crumbs; or clear vegetable soup with yolk of egg
or
Egg soft boiled, with bread crumbs, or the egg poached, with a glass of milk.

(2) Dessert: apple sauce, prune pulp, with stale lady-fingers or graham wafers
or
Plain puddings: rice, bread, tapioca, blanc-mange, junket or baked custard.

Supper.

Glass of milk, warm or cold; zwieback and custard or stewed fruit.

Total milk in 24 hours, 1½ quarts.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
CITY OF NEW YORK
DIET FOR CHILD FROM TWO TO THREE YEARS

Breakfast.

(1) Juice of 1 sweet orange
or
Pulp of 6 stewed prunes
or
1 ounce pineapple juice (fresh or bottled)
or
Apple sauce.

(2) A cereal such as oatmeal, farina, cream of wheat, hominy or rice, slightly sweetened or salted as preferred, with the addition of top milk (top 16 ounces)
or
A soft boiled or poached egg with stale bread or toast.

(3) A glass of milk.

Note: If constipated give the fruit ½ hour before breakfast with water; if not, they may be given during the forenoon.

Milk and raw fruit juice must not be given at same meal.

Dinner.

(1) Broth or soup made of chicken, mutton or beef, thickened with arrowroot, split peas, rice, or with addition of the yolk of an egg or toast squares.

(2) Scraped beef or white meat of chicken, or broiled fish (small amount)
or
Mashed or baked potatoes with fresh peas or spinach or carrots.

(3) Dessert: apple sauce, baked apple, rice pudding, junket or custard.

Supper.

(1) A cereal or egg (if egg is not taken with breakfast) with stale bread or toast
or
Bread and milk or bread and cocoa or bread and custard.

(2) Stewed fruit.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
CITY OF NEW YORK
DIET FOR CHILD FROM THREE TO SIX YEARS

Breakfast.

(1) Fruits: an orange, apple, pear or stewed prunes.

(2) Cereal: oatmeal, hominy, rice or wheat preparations, well cooked and salted, with thin cream and sugar
or
Egg: soft boiled, poached, omelet or scrambled.

(3) Milk or cocoa.

Dinner.

(1) Soup: beef, chicken or mutton.

(2) Meat: chicken or beefsteak or roast beef or lamb chops or fish.

(3) Vegetables: spinach or carrots or string beans, peas, cauliflower tops, mashed or baked potatoes, beets or lettuce (without vinegar)

Macaroni, spaghetti.

Bread and butter—not fresh bread or rolls.

(4) Dessert: custard, rice or bread or tapioca pudding, ice cream (once a week) cornstarch pudding (chocolate or other flavor) stewed prunes or baked apple.

Supper.

(1) Milk toast or graham crackers and milk
or
A thick soup, as pea, or cream of celery with bread and butter
or
A cereal and thin cream with bread and butter.

(2) Stewed fruit; custard or plain pudding; jam or jelly.