TO INCREASE
Knit or Purl 1 st (as directions call for), but do not slip stitch from left needle (Ill. No. 22 & 23). Knit or Purl into back of same st, then slip stitch off needle (Ill. No. 24).
Illustration shows a Knit increase.
YARN OVER....
Unless otherwise instructed when knitting, bring yarn forward and over right needle to back, K next st. When Purling bring yarn over and under right needle and to front, P next st. The yarn over forms a loop on needle which is worked as a stitch, it is used usually for lacy patterns and beadings.