TABLE OF CONSONANT SOUNDS.
This table should be treated by the class in the same manner as the table of vowel sounds. The sound of a consonant may be ascertained by pronouncing a word containing it in a slow and forcible manner.
Vocal Consonants are those uttered with a slight degree of vocality, but less than that of a vowel. They are formed with a vibration of the vocal chords.
Aspirate Consonants are those in which the pure breath alone is heard. They are formed without any vibration of the vocal chords.
| Name. | Example. | Element. |
|---|---|---|
| VOCAL CONSONANTS.[1] | ||
| B | Babe | b |
| D | Did | d |
| G hard | Gag | g |
| J | Joy | j |
| L | Lull | l |
| M | Maim | m |
| N | Nun | n |
| NG | Sing | ng |
| R (trilled) | Rap | r |
| R (untrilled) | Nor | r |
| TH soft | Thine | th |
| V | Valve | v |
| W | Wine | w |
| Y | Yes | y |
| Z | Zeal | z |
| ZH (or Z) | Azure | zh |
| ASPIRATE CONSONANTS. | ||
| CH | Church | ch |
| F | Fife | f |
| H[2] | Hold | h |
| K | Kirk | k |
| P | Pipe | p |
| T | Tent | t |
| S | Seal | s |
| SH | Shine | sh |
| TH sharp | Thin | th |
| EQUIVALENTS. | ||
| C soft, like s | Çease | ç |
| C hard, like k | Cake | c |
| Ch hard, like k | Chasm | ch |
| Ch soft, like sh | Çhaise | çh |
| G soft, like j | Giant | g |
| Ph like f | Seraph | ph |
| S soft, like z | Muse | ṣ |
| S like zh | Vision | s |
| Q like k | Coquette | q |
| X like ks | Tax | x |
| X like gz | Exalt | z̧ |
Q has the sound of k, and is always followed by u, which, in this position, commonly has the sound of w, but is sometimes silent.
WH is an aspirated w, pronounced as if written hw.
[1] Sometimes called Subvocals, or Subtonics.
[2] H sounded before a vowel, is an expulsion of the breath after the organs are in a position to sound the vowel.