FOOTNOTES:
[1] Washington’s Journal Sept. 2nd to Oct. 4th, 1784.
[2] Historic Highways of America, vol. v, ch. 3.
[3] This creek rises in Hardy County, Virginia, and flows northeastward through Hampshire County, entering the North Branch of the Potomac River about eight miles southeast of Cumberland, Maryland.
[4] Union Township, Monongalia County, West Virginia.
[5] Oliphant’s Iron Furnace, Union Township?
[6] The mountainous boundary line between Monongalia and Preston Counties.
[7] Bruceton’s Mills, Grant Township, Preston County, West Virginia?
[8] Southwestern corner of Maryland, some twenty miles north of Oakland.
[9] Briery Mountain runs northeast through the eastern edge of Preston County, bounding Dunkard Bottom on the east as Cheat River bounds it on the west.
[10] The Friends were the earliest pioneers of Garrett County, John Friend coming in 1760 bringing six sons among whom was this Charles. The sons scattered about through the valley of the Youghiogheny, Charles settling near the mouth of Sang Run, which cuts through Winding Ridge Mountain and joins the Youghiogheny about fifteen miles due north from Oakland. Washington, moving eastward on McCulloch’s Path probably passed through this gap in Winding Ridge. A present-day road runs parallel with Winding Ridge from Friendsville (named from this pioneer family) southward to near Altamont, which route seems to have been that pursued by McCulloch’s Path. See Scharf’s History of Western Maryland, vol. ii, p. 1518; Atlas of Maryland (Baltimore, 1873), pp. 47-48; War Atlas 1861-65, House Miscellaneous Documents, vol. iv, part 2, No. 261, 52d Cong. 1st Sess. 1891-92, Plate cxxxvi.
[11] Great Back Bone Mountain, Garrett County, Maryland, on which, at Altamont, the Baltimore and Ohio Railway reaches its highest altitude. It was about here that Washington now crossed it, probably on the watershed between Youghiogheny and Potomac waters west of Altamont.
[12] Ryan’s Glade No. 10, Garrett County.
[13] This point is pretty definitely determined in the Journal. We are told that the mouth of Stony River (now Stony Creek) was four miles below McCulloch’s crossing. This would locate the latter near the present site of Fort Pendleton, Garrett County, Maryland, the point where the old Northwestern Turnpike crossed the North Branch.
[14] Greeland Gap, Grant County, West Virginia.
[15] Knobby Mountain.
[16] Near Moorefield, Hardy County, West Virginia.
[17] Mt. Storm, Grant County. The Old Northwestern Turnpike bears northeast from here to Claysville, Burlington and Romney. Washington’s route was southwest along the line of the present road to Moorefield. Evidently the buffalo trace bore southwest on the watershed between Stony River and Abraham’s Creek—White’s West Virginia Atlas (1873), p. 26. Bradley’s Map of United States (1804) shows a road from Morgantown to Romney; also a “Western Fort” at the crossing-place of the Youghiogheny.
[18] Dunkard’s Bottom, in Portland Township, Preston County, West Virginia, was settled about 1755 by Dr. Thomas Eckarly and brothers who traversed the old path to Fort Pleasant on South Branch.—Thwaites’s edition of Withers’s Chronicles of Border Warfare (1895), pp. 75-76.
[19] Laws of Virginia (1826-1827), pp. 85-87.
[20] Laws of Virginia (1831), pp. 153-158; Journal of the Senate ... of Virginia (1830-31), p. 165.
[21] See Historic Highways of America, vol. ix, pp. 60-64.
[22] Journal of Thomas Wallcutt in 1790, edited by George Dexter (Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, October, 1879).
[23] The Journal begins at the Ohio Company’s settlement at Marietta, Ohio.
[24] They crossed the Ohio River to the present site of Williamstown, West Virginia, named from the brave and good pioneer Isaac Williams.
[25] The Monongahela Trail; see Historic Highways of America, vol. ii, pp. 122-124.
[26] For an early (1826) map of this region that is reasonably correct, see Herman Böye’s Map of Virginia in Massachusetts Historical Society Library.
[27] Near Friendsville, Maryland—named in honor of the old pioneer family; see note 10, ante; cf. Corey’s map of Virginia in his American Atlas (1805), 3d edition; also Samuel Lewis’s Map of Virginia (1794).
[28] Bellville was the earlier Flinn’s Station, Virginia.—S. P. Hildreth’s Pioneer History, p. 148.
[29] The author has, for several years, been looking for an explanation of this interesting obituary; “broadaggs” is, clearly, a corruption of “Braddock’s.” Of “atherwayes” no information is at hand; it was probably the name of a woodsman who settled here—for “bear camplain” undoubtedly means a “bare campagne,” or clearing. The word campagne was a common one among American pioneers. Cf. Harris’s Tour, p. 60. A spot halfway between Cumberland and Uniontown would be very near the point where the road crossed the Pennsylvania state-line.
[30] A reminiscent letter written in 1842 for the American Pioneer (vol. i, pp. 73-75).
[31] Historic Highways of America, vol. vii, pp. 139-148.
[32] Historic Highways of America, vol. ii, pp. 76-85.
[33] The Iroquois Trail likewise left the river valley at this spot.
[34] Laws of New York, 1794, ch. XXIX.
[35] Laws of New York, 1796, ch. XXVI.
[36] Id., ch. XXXIX.
[37] Laws of New York, 1797, ch. LX.
[38] Laws of New York, 1798, ch. XXVI.
[39] Laws of New York, 1797-1800, ch. LXXVIII.
[40] Boston, 1876, pp. 11-53.
[41] Published by Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1901.
[41] This name long since was abandoned. On the opposite side of the river, however, a new settlement grew up under the name of Unadilla, the beginnings of which date about 1790. See the same author’s “The Pioneers of Unadilla Village” (Unadilla, 1902).—Halsey.
[42] State Land Papers.—Halsey.
[43] Sluman Wattles’s Account Book.—Halsey.
[44] Dr. Dwight’s figures are for the township, not for the village, which was then a mere frontier hamlet, of perhaps one hundred souls.—Halsey.
[45] “Reminiscences of Village Life and of Panama and California from 1840 to 1850,” by Gains Leonard Halsey, M. D. Published at Unadilla.—Halsey.
[46] A stage line, however, for long years afterward supplied these settlements with a means of communication with Unadilla, and it is within the memory of many persons still calling themselves young that for a considerable series of years, trips twice a week were regularly made by Henry S. Woodruff. After Mr. Woodruff’s death a large and interesting collection of coaches, sleighs, and other stage relics remained upon his premises—the last survival of coaching times on the Catskill Turnpike, embracing a period of three-quarters of a century.—Halsey.
[47] See Historic Highways of America, vol. xi, p. 199, note.
[48] Travels in North America (London, 1839), vol. ii, pp. 29-48.