FOOTNOTES:
[1] For an account of the portages in the dry season on the Scioto see Historic Highways of America, vol. ii, pp. 55-60.
[2] The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, vol. xxxvii, pp. 211-213.
[3] Id., pp. 65-67.
[4] Id., vol. xlix, pp. 47-49.
[5] Id., pp. 261-263.
[6] Id., vol. viii, pp. 75-77.
[7] Id., vol. xxxix, pp. 47-49.
[8] Id., vol. xii, pp. 117-121.
[9] As outlined in Historic Highways of America, vol. iii, ch. iii. This route of the French to the greater lakes took them away from the Ohio River and long delayed their occupation of the Allegheny and Ohio valleys.
[10] Hinsdale’s Old Northwest, pp. 34-35.
[11] Id., p. 36.
[12] Céloron on his journey to the Ohio in 1749 did not cross Lake Ontario by the same route pursued by his Indian retinue (Céloron’s Journal, in Darlington’s Fort Pitt, p. 11).
[13] William E. Dodge’s Old New York, p. 36.
[14] For a touching instance, see Jesuit Relations ana Allied Documents, vol. lxvi, p. 281.
[15] The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, vol. lxix, p. 159.
[16] Documentary History of New York, vol. ii, p. 868.
[17] Sylvester’s Northern New York, p. 289; Céloron’s Journal in Darlington’s Fort Pitt, p. 12.
[18] Sir William Johnson’s Journal, October 1, 1761; cf. Severance’s Old Trails of the Niagara Frontier, p. 40.
[19] These names were copied from Nolin’s “Carte du Canada” (1756) and Bellin’s “Partie Occidentale de la Nouvelle France” (1755), both in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris.
[20] Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, vol. xl, p. 219. The St. Lawrence proved less easily navigated when it became better known.
[21] Id., note 10 (page 257).
[22] Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, vol. lxix, p. 161.
[23] Described in Historic Highways of America, vol. iii, pp. 74-78.
[24] Sparks’s Writings of Washington, vol. ii, p. 21.
[25] Royal Orders to Braddock, Historic Highways of America, vol. iv, pp. 47, 48.
[26] Dunn’s Indiana, p. 50.
[27] American State Papers, vol. iv, p. 525.
[28] Id., pp. 526-527.
[29] Id., p. 562.
[30] Sylvester’s Northern New York, p. 279.
[31] Hinsdale’s Old Northwest, p. 48; Benton’s The Wabash Trade Route, p. 15.
[32] Dunn’s Indiana, p. 47.
[33] United States Statutes at Large, vol. ii, p. 173.
[34] Historic Highways of America, vol. iii, ch. vi.
[35] A Monograph of Historic Sites in the Province of New Brunswick, Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, vol. v, sec. ii, pp. 213-357.
[36] A Monograph of Historic Sites in the Province of New Brunswick, pp. 233-239.
[37] The History of the District of Maine, p. 32.
[38] Crown MSS., cxix, 25.
[39] Board of Trade Maps, vol. 24, no. 45.
[40] Add. MSS., 21, 686, pp. 47-54.
[41] The Century Magazine, vol. lxv, no. 4 (February, 1903).
[42] Belknap: History of New Hampshire, vol. ii, p. 290.
[43] Id., p. 291.
[44] Id., p. 294.
[45] Id., p. 303.
[46] Id., p. 305.
[47] Id., p. 305, note.
[48] Board of Trade Maps, vol. 24, no. 51.
[49] Crown Maps (British Museum), vol. cxxi, no. 18.
[50] Board of Trade Maps, case 11, no. 29.
[51] Crown Maps (British Museum), vol. cxxi, no. 11
[52] Board of Trade Maps, case 11, no. 28.
[53] Crown Maps (British Museum), vol. cxxi, no. 16.
[54] Sylvester’s Northern New York, ch. xxxiii.
[55] Northern New York, pp. 275-281.
[56] A Review of the Military Operations in North America (London, 1757), pp. 42-43.
[57] See Historic Highways of America, vol. iii, pp. 71-73.
[58] Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, vol. lxix, p. 159.
[59] Id., p. 161.
[60] Céloron’s Journal in Darlington’s Fort Pitt, p. 12.
[61] The Old Portage Road; published in the Fredonia (N. Y.) Censor, January, 1891.
[62] See Historic Highways of America, vol. iii, pp. 74-79.
[63] Affidavit of Stephen Coffin, Colonial Records State of New York, vol. vi, p. 834.
[64] Taylor’s The Old Portage Road, Fredonia Censor, January, 1891.
[65] For a map of this portage see Hulbert’s Red-Men’s Roads, p. 33.
[66] Croghan’s Journal, Historic Highways of America, vol. ii., pp. 55-62; Bonnécamp’s Journal, Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, vol. lxix, pp. 183-191.
[67] “The Wabash Trade Route in the Development of the Old Northwest,” Johns Hopkins University Studies, series xxi, nos. 1-2 (January-February, 1903).
[68] Fox-Wisconsin, Chicago-Illinois, St. Joseph-Kankakee, St. Joseph-Wabash and Maumee-Wabash portage routes.
[69] Margry: Découvertes des français dans L’Amérique Septentrionale, vol. ii, p. 296.
[70] Id., vol. i, pp. 377-78; Fiske’s Discovery of America, vol. ii, p. 534.
[71] Historic Highways of America, vol. vi, p. 164.
[72] For references to proposed routes by land and water against Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt see Butterfield’s Washington-Irvine Correspondence, pp. 92, 110, 118, 121, 140 (note), 354-55; Wisconsin Historical Collections, vol. xi, pp. 128, 130; Irvine Papers (MSS.), Wisconsin Historical Society, vol. ii, A A. pp. 66, 67; Washington MS. Journal, September 1784 (State Department).
[73] Historic Highways of America, vol. ii, p. 107.
[74] Irvine-Washington, February 7, 1782 (Washington-Irvine Correspondence, p. 92).
[75] The following are notes on and extracts from Hamilton’s Journal preserved at Harvard University.
[76] Little River.
[77] “The Beaver are never molested at this place by the Traders or Indians, and soon repair their dam, which is a most serviceable work upon this difficult communication.”—Account of the Expedition of Lieut.-Gov. Hamilton, Michigan Pioneer Collections, vol. ix, p. 493. “The Beavers had worked hard for us, but we were obliged to break down their dam to let the boats pass....”—Hamilton to Haldimand, November 1, Wisconsin Historical Collections, vol. xi, p. 181.
[78] Wabash.
[79] Under this date Hamilton wrote to Haldimand from “Camp at Petite Riviere,” concerning the portage path from the Maumee to Little River, as follows: “This carrying place is free from any obstructions, but what the carelessness & ignorance of the French have left, & would leave from Generation to Generation. An intelligent person at a small expense might make it as fine a road as any within 20 miles of London. The Woods are beautiful, Oak, Ash, Beech, Nutwood, very clear & of a great growth ... in a ridge near the road I found a sea fossil, to find Marine productions on this hauteur des terres is to my mind more curious than their being found in the Alps—there are no mountains in view from Detroit to this place so that these appearances cannot readily be accounted for from volcanoes of which there is no trace to be observed.”—Wisconsin Historical Collections, vol. xi, p. 179.
[80] Aboite River, Allen County, Indiana.
[81] One of the most curious of errors. This river was called by the Indians Eel River, and is the name translated by the French, Rivière l’Anguille. Hamilton mistook this for l’Anglais, which name he used. Cf. Imlay’s America, p. 402, where the name is spelled Longuille; American State Papers, vol. iv, p. 132; Gamelin’s Journal, Id., p. 93.
[82] Michigan Pioneer Collections, vol. ix, p. 409.
[83] The St. Joseph-Kankakee Portage, Northern Indiana Historical Publications, no. 1.
[84] Id.
[85] Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, vol. lxvi, p. 285; cf. Wisconsin Historical Collections, vol. xi, p. 179.
[86] Wisconsin Historical Collections, vol. xi, pp. 178-79; cf. Michigan Pioneer Collections, vol. ix, p. 368; Magazine of Western History, vol. iii, p. 447.
[87] Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, vol. lix, note 41.
[88] Id., p. 161.
[89] Historic Highways of America, vol. iii, ch. iii.
[90] Butterfield, in Magazine of Western History, v, pp. 51, 721-24; Wisconsin Historical Collections, vol. xi, p. 66, note.
[91] Butterfield’s Discovery of the Northwest, p. 67, ff.
[92] Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, vol. lix, pp. 105, 107.
[93] Wisconsin Historical Collections, vol. xi, pp. 223, 387; Turner’s Indian Trade of Wisconsin.
[94] Wisconsin Historical Collections, vol. xi, pp. 148, 164.
[95] Id., pp. 262, 292, 300, 302, 312, 323, 328.
[96] Id., p. 337.
[97] Id., vol. vii, p. 371; vol. x, p. 222; vol. xi, pp. 183, 361, 399, 403, 404, 409-15; vol. xii, pp. 331, 400.
[98] Harmon’s Journal (Andover, 1820) p. 41.