FOOTNOTES:
[20] Types of Scenery and Their Influence on Literature, the Romanes Lecture, delivered in the Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford, June 1, 1898.
[21] See the preceding essay for a fuller discussion of this part of the subject.
[22] See p. 24.
[23] The Task, bk. i. 154-176.
[24] Ibid., i. 177.
[25] The Task, iii. 357.
[26] Ibid., iv. 246.
[27] Ibid., vi. 112.
[28] Winter, 8.
[29] Summer, 192.
[30] Ibid., 89.
[31] Autumn, 476.
[32] Spring, 381, 400, 402; Summer, 13.
[33] Autumn, 337.
[34] To William Simpson, stanza 15.
[35] Elegy on Captain Matthew Henderson.
[36] Poem on Pastoral Poetry.
[37] Winter, a Dirge.
[38] A Winter Night.
[39] The gloomy night is gathering fast.
[40] To Mary in Heaven.
[41] This was remarked by Wordsworth in the prefatory note to his lines on Mossgiel.
[42] The Vision.
[43] Scott was familiar with this natural trait. '"That's the Forth," said the Bailie, with an air of reverence, which I have observed the Scotch usually pay to their distinguished rivers. The Clyde, the Tweed, the Forth, the Spey, are usually named by those who dwell on their banks with a sort of respect and pride, and I have known duels occasioned by any word of disparagement.'—Rob Roy, vol. ii., chap. xi.
[44] Arnold, On the Study of Celtic Literature, 1867, p. 152.
[45] The quotations here given are from Dr. Clerk's translation of Macpherson's Gaelic version of the Poems. The question has been much disputed whether his English or Gaelic is the original. There can be no doubt that, on the whole, the Gaelic shows greater vividness and accuracy in the description of landscape than the more vague and bombastic English of Macpherson. Dr. Clerk, who has given a literal rendering of the Gaelic line for line, remarks: 'I believe that a careful analysis would resolve very much of Ossian's most weird imagery into idealised representations of the ever-varying and truly wonderful aspects of cloud and mist, of sea and mountain, which may be seen by every observant eye in the Highlands, and it is no fancy to say that the perusal of these poems, as we have them, may be well illustrated by travelling a range of the Highland mountains.'—Poems of Ossian, Dissertation, vol. i. p. lxv.
[46] Fingal, iii. 3.
[47] Fingal, i. 211.
[48] In Burt's Letters, which give so graphic a picture of the condition of the Highlands of Scotland between the two risings of 1715 and 1745, the general impression made at that time on the mind of an intelligent stranger by the scenery of the region may be gathered from the following quotations: 'I shall soon conclude this description of the outward appearance of the mountains, which I am already tired of, as a disagreeable subject.... There is not much variety, but gloomy spaces, different rocks, heath, and high and low, ... the whole of a dismal gloomy brown drawing upon a dirty purple; and most of all disagreeable when the heath is in bloom. But of all the views, I think the most horrid is, to look at the hills from east to west, or vice versa; for then the eye penetrates far among them, and sees more particularly their stupendous bulk, frightful irregularity, and horrid gloom, made yet more sombrous by the shades and faint reflections they communicate one to another.'—Letters from a Gentleman in the North of Scotland to his Friend in London. Fifth edit., vol. i. p. 285.
[49] In writing to Mason he says: 'I am returned from Scotland charmed with my expedition: it is of the Highlands I speak; the Lowlands are worth seeing once, but the mountains are ecstatic, and ought to be visited in pilgrimage once a year. None but those monstrous creatures of God know how to join so much beauty with so much horror. A fig for your poets, painters, gardeners, and clergymen, that have not been among them, their imagination can be made up of nothing but bowling-greens, flowering shrubs, horse-ponds, Fleet ditches, shell-grottoes, and Chinese rails. Then I had so beautiful an autumn; Italy could hardly produce a nobler scene, and this so sweetly contrasted with that perfection of nastiness and total want of accommodation, that Scotland only can supply.'—Gray's Works, edit. E. Gosse, vol. iii. p. 223.
[50] Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, 1775, p. 84.
[51] Sedgwick did his best to enlighten the poet by his famous Four Letters on the Geology of the Lake District; but these came too late. They were published at Kendal in 1846, and Wordsworth died in 1850.
Some drill and bore
The solid earth, and from the strata there
Extract a register, by which we learn,
That He who made it, and revealed its date
To Moses, was mistaken in its age.
—The Task, bk. iii. 150.
You may trace him oft
By scars which his activity has left
Beside our roads and pathways, though, thank Heaven,
This covert nook reports not of his hand—
He who with pocket-hammer smites the edge
Of luckless rock or prominent stone, disguised
In weather-stains or crusted o'er by Nature
With her first growths, detaching by the stroke
A chip or splinter—to resolve his doubts:
And, with that ready answer satisfied,
The substance classes by some barbarous name,
And hurries on; or from the fragments picks
His specimen, if but haply interveined
With sparkling mineral, or should crystal cube
Lurk in its cells—and thinks himself enriched,
Wealthier, and doubtless wiser, than before!
The Excursion, bk. iii.
[54] St. Ronan's Well, chap. ii. The passage is quoted postea p. 166.