The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 1 (of 2)

by Archibald Geikie

CONTENTS

BOOK I GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF INVESTIGATION CHAPTER I
	PAGE
Earliest Knowledge of Volcanoes—Their Influence on Mythology and Superstition—Part taken by Volcanic Rocks in Scenery—Progress of the Denudation of Volcanoes—Value of the Records of former Volcanoes as illustrating Modern Volcanic Action—Favourable Position of Britain for the Study of this Subject	[1]
CHAPTER II
The Nature and Causes of Volcanic Action—Modern Volcanoes	[10]
CHAPTER III
Ancient Volcanoes: Proofs of their existence derived from the Nature of the Rocks erupted from the Earth's Interior. A. Materials erupted at the Surface—Extrusive Series. i. Lavas, their General Characters. Volcanic Cycles. ii. Agglomerates, Breccias and Tuffs	[14]
CHAPTER IV
Materials erupted at the Surface—Extrusive Series—continued. iii. Types of old Volcanoes—1. The Vesuvian Type; 2. The Plateau or Fissure Type; 3. The Puy Type. iv. Determination of the relative Geological Dates of Ancient Volcanoes. v. How the Physical Geography associated with Ancient Volcanoes is ascertained	[39]
CHAPTER V
Underground Phases of Volcanic Action. B. Materials injected or consolidated beneath the Surface—Intrusive Series: I. Vents of Eruption—i. Necks of Fragmentary Materials; ii. Necks of Lava-form Materials; iii. Distribution of Vents in relation to Geological Structure-Lines; iv. Metamorphism in and around Volcanic Cones, Solfataric Action; v. Inward Dip of Rocks towards Necks; vi. Influence of contemporaneous Denudation upon Volcanic Cones; vii. Stages in the History of old Volcanic Vents	[52]
CHAPTER VI
Underground Phases of Volcanic Action—continued. II. Subterranean Movements of the Magma: i. Dykes and Veins; ii. Sills and Laccolites; iii. Bosses (Stocks, Culots), Conditions that govern the Intrusion of Molten Rock within the Terrestrial Crust	[77]
CHAPTER VII
Influence of Volcanic Rocks on the Scenery of the Land—Effects of Denudation	[100]
BOOK II VOLCANIC ACTION IN PRE-CAMBRIAN TIME
CHAPTER VIII Pre-Cambrian Volcanoes
The Beginnings of Geological History—Difficulties in fixing on a generally applicable Terminology—i. The Lewisian (Archæan) Gneiss; ii. The Dalradian or Younger Schists of Scotland; iii. The Gneisses and Schists of Anglesey; iv. The Uriconian Volcanoes; v. The Malvern Volcano; vi. The Charnwood Forest Volcano	[109]
BOOK III THE CAMBRIAN VOLCANOES CHAPTER IX Characteristics of the Cambrian System in Britain
The Physical Geography of the Cambrian Period—The Pioneers of Palæozoic Geology in Britain—Work of the Geological Survey in Wales—Subdivisions of the Cambrian System in Britain	[139]
CHAPTER X
The Cambrian Volcanoes of South Wales	[145]
CHAPTER XI
The Cambrian Volcanoes of North Wales, the Malvern Hills and Warwickshire	[159]
BOOK IV THE SILURIAN VOLCANOES
CHAPTER XII Characters of the Silurian System in Britain. The Arenig Volcanoes
The Land and Sea of Silurian time—Classification of the Silurian System—General Petrography of the Silurian Volcanic Rocks—I. The Eruptions of Arenig Age	[173]
CHAPTER XIII The Eruptions of Llandeilo and Bala Age
i. The Builth Volcano—ii. The Volcanoes of Pembrokeshire—iii. The Caernarvonshire Volcanoes of the Bala Period—iv. The Volcanic District of the Berwyn Hills—v. The Volcanoes of Anglesey—vi. The Volcanoes of the Lake District; Arenig to close of Bala Period—vii. Upper Silurian (?) Volcanoes of Gloucestershire	[202]
CHAPTER XIV
The Silurian Volcanoes of Ireland	[239]
BOOK V THE VOLCANOES OF DEVONIAN AND OLD RED SANDSTONE TIME CHAPTER XV
The Devonian Volcanoes	[257]
CHAPTER XVI The Volcanoes of the Old Red Sandstone
Geological Revolutions at the close of the Silurian Period Physical Geography of the Old Red Sandstone—Old Lake-basins, their Flora and Fauna—Abundance of Volcanoes—History of Investigation in the Subject	[263]
CHAPTER XVII
Distribution of the Volcanic Centres in the Lower Old Red Sandstone—Characters of the Materials Erupted by the Volcanoes	[271]
CHAPTER XVIII
Structure and Arrangement of the Lower Old Red Sandstone Volcanic Rocks in the Field	[281]
CHAPTER XIX Volcanoes of the Lower Old Red Sandstone of "Lake Caledonia"
Description of the several Volcanic Districts: "Lake Caledonia," its Chains of Volcanoes—The Northern Chain: Montrose Group—Ochil and Sidlaw Hills—the Arran and Cantyre Centre—the Ulster Centre	[294]
CHAPTER XX Volcanoes of the Lower Old Red Sandstone of "Lake Caledonia"—continued
The Southern Chain—The Pentland Volcano—The Biggar Centre—The Duneaton Centre—The Ayrshire Volcanoes	[317]
CHAPTER XXI
Volcanoes of the Lower Old Red Sandstone of the Cheviot Hills, Lorne, "Lake Orcadie" and Killarney	[336]
CHAPTER XXII
Volcanoes of the Upper Old Red Sandstone—The South-West of Ireland, the North of Scotland	[348]
BOOK VI THE CARBONIFEROUS VOLCANOES CHAPTER XXIII The Carboniferous System of Britain and its Volcanic Records
Geography and Scenery of the Carboniferous Period—Range of Volcanic Eruptions during that time—I. The Carboniferous Volcanoes of Scotland—Distribution, Arrangement and Local Characters of the Carboniferous System in Scotland—Sketch of the Work of previous Observers in this Subject	[355]
CHAPTER XXIV Carboniferous Volcanic Plateaux of Scotland
I. The Plateau-type restricted to Scotland—i. Distribution in the Different Areas of Eruption—ii. Nature of the Materials Erupted	[367]
CHAPTER XXV Geological Structure of the Carboniferous Volcanic Plateaux of Scotland
1. Bedded Lavas and Tuffs; Upper Limits and Original Areas and Slopes of the Plateaux; 2. Vents; Necks of Agglomerate and Tuff; Necks of Massive Rock; Composite Necks; 3. Dykes and Sills; 4. Close of the Plateau-eruptions	[383]
CHAPTER XXVI The Carboniferous Puys of Scotland
i. General Character and Distribution of the Puys; ii. Nature of the Materials Erupted—Lavas Ejected at the Surface—Intrusive Sheets—Necks and Dykes—Tuffs	[414]
CHAPTER XXVII Geological Structure of the Carboniferous Puys of Scotland
1. Vents: Relation of the Necks to the Rocks through which they rise—Evidence of the probable Subærial Character of some of the Cones or Puys of Tuff—Entombment of the Volcanic Cones and their Relation to the Superficial Ejections. 2. Bedded Tuffs and Lavas—Effects of Subsequent Dislocations. 3. Sills, Bosses, and Dykes	[424]
CHAPTER XXVIII Illustrative Examples of the Carboniferous Puys of Scotland
The Basin of the Firth of Forth—North Ayrshire—Liddesdale	[462]