FOOTNOTES
[1] Nobori, mountain, volcano; bets, river, stream.
[2] Shirao, horse-fly; i, a suffix meaning a place.
[3] To, lake, swamp; mak, behind; oma, inside; i, a suffix meaning a place, or "a place behind which a hidden swamp is found."
[4] Yu, springs; huts, mouth of river.
[5] Horo, large; hut, huts, put, the mouth of a river.
[6] Small Japanese dinner tables.
[7] At-pets—Elm-tree river (at, elm-tree; pets, river).
[8] Nii-pak-pets—also called Nakap-pets. Nii, a wood; pak, under; na, more; kap, bark of tree.
[9] Shibe-gari-pets—Salmon-trout river.
[10] Ikan, a canal made by salmon on river-beds to lay their spawn; tai thick.
[11] Poro, large; nam, cold; bets, river.
[12] Moyoro. Moy, a bay; oro, to be in.
[13] Onnito. Onni or Onne, great, large; to, lake, swamp.
[14] Bitatannuki. Bita, to undo; tannu, long; ki, rushes, reeds.
[15] Pero or Pira, cliff; Hune, Hun, a particle indicating the existence of something at a place.
[16] Toy, earth; o, (?) i, a place; pets, river.
[17] To, lake, swamp; buts, mouth of a river. O, a meaningless prefix; puts, mouth of a river.
[18] Rev. John Batchelor, 'The Ainu of Japan,' chap. xx.
[19] U, place; par, mouth; pe, undrinkable water; nai, stream; Upar-penai, a place at the mouth of a stream of undrinkable water.
[20] Me, in front; mu, sheltered spot in a river; ro, track; puto, mouth of river; Memuro-puto, track in front of a sheltered spot at the mouth of a river.
[21] Otto, into; i, a place; nai, stream; Ottoinnai, a place in a stream.
[22] Nitumap, open trunk of a tree.
[23] Ni, wood; piri, wound; bets, river.
[24] Puro, great; ke, I; nashpa, deafening noise.
[25] Ke, I; nashpa, deafening noise.
[26] Beppo or pet put, at the mouth of a river.
[27] Nesan, a corruption of annesan.
[28] Ko, lake; shto, man. Ko is probably a corruption of the Ainu word to, a lake or a swamp, and it is used by the Japanese of Yezo for "lake," instead of the word "numa."
[29] The correct name and pronunciation is Shimushir.
[30] The opposite coast of Nippon can be seen plainly from Hakodate.
[31] The Japanese always begin their meals with sweets.
[32] Shimushir, High Island.
[33] Urup, name given to a kind of salmon.
[34] Krafto, Ainu word for Sakhalin.
[35] Poro, large; nai, stream.
[36] Sometimes also pronounced Krafto.
[37] The only attempt at animal representation is the small bear-head in chiefs' crowns.
[38] Nipesh: a kind of hemp.
[39] Kotan, village, place, site; kara, to make, build; kamui, the man, ancient, strength.
[40] Chisei, house, dwelling, hut; kara, make; also, have.
[41] Teine, wet; pokna, under; moshiri, earth, place, island.
[42] Vol. X., Part II., §6.
[43] The vowels to be pronounced as in Italian.