I.—MEASUREMENTS OF THE AINU BODY, AND DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERS.

The following measurements were taken on five men and five women of the pure Ainu of Frishikobets (Upper Tokachi River). They were carefully chosen among the best types.

The names of the men were:—

1. Unacharo: Una, ashes; charo, sprinkled = "Sprinkled-ashes."

2. Aba pukuro: Aba, a relation; pu, storehouse; kuro, a man = "Related to the man of the storehouse."

3. Pe chantwe; Pe, undrinkable water; chan, to run away; we, to tell = "Who ran to tell of the undrinkable water."

4. Kosankeyan: Ko san, to go down; ke, eating; yan, cold.

5. Yei Ainu: Yei, dangerous; Ainu, Ainu.

The following were the names of the women:—

1. Usattean: Usat, cinders; tean, long.

2. Korunke: Korun, ice; ke, to eat = "Ice-eater."

3. Sho kem: Sho, so; kem, blood = "Covered with blood."

4. Uina mon: Uina or Una, ashes; mon, tranquil.

5. Reoback: Re, three; oback, to burst = "Who burst three times."

Height

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.61}1.58¾}
2.65}2.59⅞}
3.60½} Med. 62-19/40.3.59½} Med. 58⅜
4.64⅞}4.54⅝}
5.61}5.59⅛}

Length from Tip to Tip of Fingers with Arms Outstretched.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.64⅝}1.59⅛}
2.65}2.62½}
3.63½} Med. 65⅜.3.62½} Med. 61-13/40.
4.69½}4.60}
5.64¼}5.62½}

It is interesting to notice the great difference between the height and this latter measurement, showing the great length of the arms in the Ainu race.

The Humerus.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.9}1.8½}
2.9⅝}2.8¾}
3.8½} Med. 9-9/40.3.10⅜} Med. 9-19/40.
4.9}4.9¾}
5.10}5.10}

The Ulna.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.9¼}1.9¼}
2.10¾}2.9⅛}
3.9⅛} Med. 9-37/40.3.8⅞} Med. 9¼.
4.11}4.9⅜}
5.9½}5.9⅝}

The Hand.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.7⅜}1.6⅞}
2.7½}2.7}
3.7¼} Med. 7⅖.3.6⅞} Med. 6-9/10.
4.7⅞}4.6¾}
5.7}5.7}

The Spine (dorsal and lumbar vertebræ to the sacrum).

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.25½}1.27}
2.28⅝}2.26¾}
3.27½} Med. 27⅘.3.28¼} Med. 27⅝.
4.29⅝}4.27}
5.27¾}5.29⅛}

The Leg (Femur, Tibia and Foot.)

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.34⅜}1.32⅞}
2.36¼}2.35½}
3.32½} Med. 35-1/20.3.34} Med. 33-13/20.
4.37⅞}4.30½}
5.34¼}5.35⅜}

Femur.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.17½}1.18⅜}
2.18⅜}2.19⅞}
3.17⅛} Med. 18⅝.3.18½} Med. 17-33/40.
4.20}4.14}
5.20⅛}5.18⅜}

Tibia.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.14}1.14¼}
2.14⅞}2.13}
3.12⅝} Med. 13½.3.13½} Med. 13⅘.
4.14⅞}4.14}
5.11⅛}5.14¼}

(The Tibia is very flattened with the Ainu.)

Tarsus (from ground to Ankle).

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.2¾}1.2}
2.3}2.2⅝}
3.3} Med. 3.3.2} Med. 2⅜.
4.3¼}4.2½}
5.3}5.2¾}

Chest (from Arm-pit to Arm-pit).

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.13½}1.12⅝}
2.13⅝}2.14¼}
3.13½} Med. 13-19/40.3.14¼} Med. 13-7/20.
4.13}4.12¼}
5.13¾}5.13⅜}

Around Chest.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.36½}1.33⅜}
2.35⅜}2.34½}
3.37½} Med. 37-3/40.3.35½} Med. 34⅕.
4.37⅝}4.32⅞}
5.38⅛}5.34¾}

Around Waist.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.33}1.28⅜}
2.37}2.31½}
3.34} Med. 34-7/10.3.34⅞} Med. 31-7/20.
4.36}4.31}
5.33½}5.(37⅝ but was conceived.)}

Maximum Breadth of Shoulders.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.19¼}1.15½}
2.16}2.13⅝}
3.18} Med. 17½.3.13⅞} Med. 14⅖.
4.18}4.13⅞}
5.16¼}5.15⅛}

The Foot.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.9¼}1.8⅝}
2.9⅝}2.9⅛}
3.9½} Med. 9-23/40.3.9⅛} Med. 8⅘.
4.10¼}4.8¼}
5.9¼}5.8⅞}

The Head (around the Head, just above the Ears).

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.23½}1.23⅜}
2.23½}2.22⅝}
3.24⅜} Med. 23¾.3.23⅝} Med. 22-29/40.
4.22⅜}4.22}
5.23⅛}5.23}

Length of Face.(From Hair to Chin.)

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.7½}1.7¼}
2.9}2.6¾}
3.7½} Med. 7-31/40.3.6¾} Med. 6⅞.
4.6⅞}4.7}
5.8}5.6⅝}

Width of Face from Ear to Ear (over Forehead and Cheek Bones).

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.11⅞}1.11⅛}
2.12½}2.11}
3.12} Med. 11-19/20.3.11¾} Med. 11-21/40.
4.12}4.11⅞}
5.12⅛}5.11⅛}

Height of Forehead.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.2¼}1.2¼}
2.2⅞}2.1¾}
3.2⅜} Med. 2-2/5.3.2⅛} Med. 2.
4.2}4.2}
5.2¾}5.1⅞}

Width of Forehead.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.5}1.6}
2.5¼}2.5½}
3.5½} Med. 5⅕.3.5} Med. 5⅜.
4.5¾}4.4⅞}
5.6}5.5½}

Length of Ears.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.3}1.2⅜}
2.3¼}2.2⅜}
3.2¾} Med. 2-23/40.3.2¾} Med. 2-23/40.
4.2½}4.2⅞}
5.2⅝}5.2½}

Length of Fingers.

MEN.
inches.		WOMEN.
inches.
1.3⅛}1.3}
2.3⅜}2.3}
3.3} Med. 3-9/40.3.3} Med. 2-39/40.
4.3⅝}4.2⅞}
5.3}5.3}

(a) Colour of skin (in parts not exposed to air)—light reddish slightly tending towards brown, but almost as light as with Europeans.

(b) Colour of hair—black, dark-brown, reddish-black, red.

(c) Colour of eyes—light-brown tending towards dark-grey.

(d) Character of hair—wavy.

(e) Amount of hair—abundant on face and all over the body in males more so than in females.

Measurements of Shikotan Ainu.

The skin and eyes are the same colour as with the Yezo Ainu. The hair is black, dark-red, or dark-brown. Black is the prevalent colour. Children often have fair hair, which grows darker as they grow older. The hair is abundant over body and face, and it is wavy.

The face possesses the identical characteristics of the Yezo Ainu.

Medium height: 61 inches to 62¾ inches.
Round waist: 32⅞ inches.
Chest: Empty, 35⅞ inches; inflated, 37½ inches.
Humerus: 11⅞ inches.
Ulna: 8-11/16 inches.
Hand: 6¾ inches.
Foot: 9½ inches.
Spinal vertebræ: 24 inches.
Scapula (from shoulder to shoulder): 17 inches.
Between shoulder-blades: 5⅞ inches.
Femur: short.
Tibia: very long.
(Natives objected to have their legs measured.)
The Tibia is much rounder than with the Yezo Ainu.
Length of face: 7½ inches.
Width of face from ear to ear: 11⅛ inches.
Round head above ears: 21⅝ inches.
Ears: small.
Forehead: 2⅜ inches high; 5¼ inches wide.

With arms outstretched and from tip to tip of fingers the Shikotan Ainu measure generally the length of one hand (about 6¾ inches) more than their own height. Consumption, kaki, and syphilis are common complaints among them.

II.—GLOSSARY OF AINU WORDS, MANY OF WHICH ARE FOUND IN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES IN YEZO AND THE KURILE ISLANDS.[43]