INDEX
A
Acadia, settlement in, [12]
Agricultural pests, [261]
—— possibilities in the North West, [134]
—— produce of Saskatchewan, [195]
—— prospects in Northern Alberta, [223]
—— —— in Northern Saskatchewan, [195]
Agriculture, height above sea level, its relation to, [39]
Aix la Chapelle, treaty of, [12]
Alberta, [222]
——, gold in, [178]
——, undeveloped state of, [133]
Alaska, coal in, [188]
Angling, Quebec’s famous, waters, [43]
Animal life in Northern Saskatchewan, [201]
—— —— in the Great North Lands, [227]
—— —— on the prairie, [260]
Antimony, where found, [179]
Appalachian region, minerals of the, [181]
Arsenic, where found, [179]
Asbestos, discovery of, [34]
——, location of quarries, [179]
——, value of annual output, [42]
Ashwapmuchuan river, experiences on, [38]
Assiniboine, [236]
Athabasca river, richness in bitumen, [186]
——, salt deposits in, [186]
B
Bad Lake, plunder and bloodshed at, [24]
Banff, [256]
Barley, most suitable kinds, [88]
Barr colonists and the Government, [159]
—— colony, the, [147]
Battleford, [148]
Bird-life on the prairie, [260]
Birds of Northern Saskatchewan, [203]
Bitumen deposits in Athabasca, [186]
Blackfeet Indians, beliefs of, [205]
—— ——, teaching the children of, [206]
—— ——, the, a spiritual awakening among, [207]
Booth, Mr. J. R., an interview with, [56]
——, ——, on manual labour, [72]
——, ——, some personal incidents, [62]
Breaking the prairie, process of, [85]
British capital in Canada, advice and a warning, [189]
British Columbia, [256]
—— ——, beauty of scenery, [256]
British Columbia, coal in, [177], [188]
—— ——, conditions of union, [110]
—— ——, copper in, [178]
—— ——, platinum in, [178]
—— ——, extent of forests, [257]
—— ——, fruit farming in, [259]
—— ——, gold-copper ores in, [178]
—— ——, lead deposits in, [178]
—— ——, mercury found in, [178]
—— ——, salmon fisheries of, [242]
—— ——, silver-lead mines of, [178]
—— ——, undeveloped state of, [132]
—— ——, value of minerals, [187]
—— ——, wolfram deposits in, [179]
—— —— and the Canadian Northern Railway, [234]
Buffalo, exterminating the, [29]
“Buffalo Bill,” [30]
Business ethics, Canadian, [189]
C
Canada a century ago, [166]
Canada-Atlantic Railway, early experiences of the, [70]
Canada, discovery of diamonds in, [183]
——, division of, [14]
——, early history of, [5], [11]
——, mineral output of, [193]
——, mineral wealth of, [173]
——, mining richness of, [177]
——, population statistics, [4], [111]
——, railway extensions in, [131], [231]
——, struggles for, between England and France, [12]
——, unification of, [14]
—— and the U.S.A. correspondence of mineral deposits, [180]
—— ——, mineral values compared, [181]
Canadian boundary defined, [13]
Canadian National Exhibition, the, [82]
—— Northern Railway, growth of the, [232]
—— Pacific Railway, see C.P.R.
Canadians, characteristics of the, [261]
——, economic freedom of, [262]
Canneries, labour conditions at, [251]
——, number of, on Fraser River [249]
Canning, new method of, [251]
—— industry, inception of, [247]
Cannery, operations in a, [248], [250]
Calgary, [113]
——, irrigation at, [125]
Castlegar, [106]
Cattle-raising in Manitoba, success of, [93]
——, suitability of Northern Saskatchewan for, [201]
Cazakoff, Mr. M. W., on the Dukhobors, [106]
Cereal crops, perfection of, in Northern Alberta, [223]
—— produce of Saskatchewan, [195]
Champlain, Samuel de, [12]
Charles II., interest of, in Hudson Bay, [15]
Chaudière Falls, harnessing the, [60]
Chesterfield, [143]
Chibougamau district, mineral richness of, [34]
Chief Pie-a-Pot, eviction of, [120]
Chinese labour in the Canneries, [251]
Christianity among the Red Indians, [206]
Chromite mines, location of [179]
Church Missionary Society, work of the, among Red Indians, [204]
Churchill, [138]
—— river district, agricultural experiences in, [196]
Churchill district, fertility of, [135]
Climate, excellence of Northern, for agricultural operations, [140]
Coal areas, extent of, in Canada, [133], [181]
—— —— in the West, [188]
—— in British Columbia, [177]
—— in New Brunswick, [177]
—— in Nova Scotia, [177]
—— in Peace River district, [228]
—— in Saskatchewan, [187]
——, where abundant [177]
Cobalt, nickel deposits in, [178]
——, silver mines of, [178]
——, —— of, how discovered, [184]
Cody, Colonel, [30]
Colonists, early, sufferings of, [169]
—— experiences and life, see Immigrants
Constitution, the, of 1840, [14]
Copper deposits, location of, [174]
—— in Ontario, [178]
—— in Quebec Province, [24], [178]
Copper-mining, great possibilities of, in Keewatin, [144]
Cordilleran Belt, stupendous mineral wealth of the, [187]
Corundum, location of deposits [179]
Cows, best daily breeds for Canada, [96]
C.P.R., annual profits of the, [112]
——, capital of the, [115]
——, completion of the, [31]
——, cost of constructing the, [111]
——, establishment of the trans-Atlantic service, [123]
——, history of the, [109]
——, how the, was built, [116]
——, laying the first track of the, [111]
——, paternal character of the, [112]
C.P.R., present strength of the, trans-Atlantic service, [123]
——, purchase of the, from the Federal Government, [111]
——, rate and value of annual dividend, [114]
——, some engineering triumphs of the, [117]
——, stories of the, [113]
——, total mileage and rolling stock of the, [124]
——, the, and irrigation, [125]
——, the, and its “ready-made farms” scheme, [127]
——, the, and water traffic, [123]
Cree Lake, [201]
—— River, [200]
Cunard, Samuel, [2]
D
Dairy-farming, prospects in the prairie provinces, [97]
Daylight, duration of, [140], [145], [223]
Diamonds in Canada, [183]
Dowling, Mr. D. B., opinion on the coal areas, [188]
——, ——, travels in the north, [137]
Dukhobors, beliefs of the, [101]
——, communal life of the, [103]
——, the, [99]
—— and Tolstoy, [101]
Dunvegan, [223]
E
Easter-tide among the Blackfeet, [208]
Emigrants, after thirty years, [100]
Emigrants’ experiences, [147]
Emigrants, Government’s care for, [149]
Emigrants in 1811, [167]
——, the raw material, [99]
Emigration, Lord Selkirk’s scheme, [166]
—— from U.S.A. to Canada, [4]
Empress of India, the, [123]
Engineering triumphs of the C.P.R., [117]
Europe and Western Canada, opening of new route, [171]
Experimental Farms, value of, to settlers, [128]
F
Families, inducements to large, [44]
Farming elements of success, [146]
—— methods in Manitoba, [88]
—— possibilities, valuable data, [38]
—— prospects in Manitoba, [84]
——, suitability of Northern Alberta for, [202]
——, —— of Northern Saskatchewan for, [202]
Farms, free, [237]
—— on the hire-purchase system, [127]
Federal Government, establishment of, [28]
Federation, benefit to Canada of, [111]
Feldspar, location of deposits, [179]
Fertility, disadvantages of super-abundant, [91]
Finance, mining and, [189]
First European colony in Canada, [12]
—— operations in prairie farming, [85]
Fish, abundance of, in Sakatchewan lakes and rivers, [198]
——, ——, in northern lakes, [40]
——, prolific yields in northern lakes and rivers, [142]
Fish, quantity of, in British Columbia, [244]
Fodder crops, richness of, [88]
Forest lands in Northern Saskatchewan, [198], [200]
Fort Chipewyan, [224]
—— Garry, [29]
—— McMurray, [224]
—— Nelson, capitulation of, [21]
—— Providence, [224]
—— Simpson, [225]
Free homesteads, [237]
French rule, end of, [13]
—— weed, prevalence of, [261]
Fruit prospects in Manitoba, [98]
—— ranches in British Columbia, [259]
Fruit-growing, success in Quebec Province, [42]
Fruits, wild, of Northern Saskatchewan, [200]
Fullerton, [143]
Fundy, Bay of, coal fields at the, [182]
Fur traders’ rivalries, [23]
G
Gas, natural, tapped in Alberta, [186]
Geological comparisons with U.S.A., [180]
—— research in unexplored Quebec, [34]
—— surveying, constant Government activity in, [177]
Gladstone, William Ewart, an anecdote about, [73]
Gleichen, [205]
Gold in Alberta, [178]
—— in British Columbia, [178]
—— in Keewatin, [143]
—— in Nova Scotia, [178]
—— in Ontario, [178]
—— in Quebec, [178]
Gold in Yukon territory, [178]
—— in Peace River district, [228]
——, value of, produced from Yukon, [187]
Gold-bearing quartz, discovery of, [41]
Government activity in scientific research, [173]
—— aid, value of, [153]
Grain-growing, success of, in Manitoba, [88]
Grain, total, carried by the C.P.R., [116]
Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, [232]
—— —— —— ——, character of land opened up, [235]
—— —— —— ——, incorporation of, [235]
Graphite, location of deposits, [179]
Grass River district, minerals located in, [143]
Grasses and clovers, cultivation of, [88], [91]
Great North Lands, alluring agricultural prospects of, [225]
Growth, rapidity of town-, [161]
Gypsum, where found, [179]
H
Hamilton, visit to, [53]
Herring, extraordinary prolificness in British Columbia, of, [244]
Homes provided by C.P.R., [127]
Homesteads, free, [237]
Horse-breeding, Canadian prospects of, [92]
Horse-raising in Manitoba, its history, [91]
Horses, demand for, [92]
——, what breeds are wanted, [93]
House, building the first, [155]
Hudson Bay District, mineral richness of, [134]
—— ——, nature of trading, [16]
—— —— railway, the proposed, [134]
—— —— route to Europe, opening of, [171]
—— Strait, mica deposits at, [174]
Hudson’s Bay Company, early history of, [15]
—— ——, purchase of, [28]
—— —— and Nor’ West Company, amalgamation of, [26]
—— —— war with France, [18]
Hudson’s Bay, Fight of the, and the Pelican, [19]
Hume, William, biography of, [246]
Hunting, possibilities of, in Quebec, [43]
I
Iceberg, description of an, [8]
Ile à la Crosse, [197]
Immigrants, arrival on prairie allotment, [152]
——, building the home, [155]
—— experiences, [147]
——, first operations on own land, [152]
—— journey across country, [150]
—— outfit, [148]
——, plentitude of food, [153]
——, reasons for independence, [154]
——, recreations of, [159]
——, the first rush to the prairie provinces, [122]
Immigrating, Quebec’s unique plan, [44]
Immigration, beginnings of, [1]
Intensive methods of farming, results from, [96]
International Financial Association, operations of, [28]
Investments, Canadian, advice on, [189]
Iron deposits, richest in world, [184]
—— in Nova Scotia, [177]
—— in Ontario, [177]
——, prospects of mining, [41]
—— in Quebec, [177]
Irrigation, extent of, by C.P.R., [125]
J
Jacques Cartier, the discoveries of, [11]
Jasper National Park, [237]
K
Kaksakin’s conversion, [206]
Kansas Pacific Railway, construction of the, [30]
Keewatin, abundance of fish in, [142]
——, agricultural and mineral prospects in, [136]
——, climate of, [144]
——, opening up its resources, [132]
Kicking Horse Pass, building the railway at, [118]
L
Lac la Rouge, [197]
Lake Winnipeg, [138]
—— ——, fertile lands to the north of, [136]
Land, irrigation of, by C.P.R., [125]
——, price of under the C.P.R., [125]
——, value of, [43]
——, farming, where available, [84]
Laurentian plateau, mineral yield, [183]
Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, [195]
Laziness, fatal to farming, [161]
Lead, the, mines of British Columbia, [178]
Lesser Slave Lake, [223]
Lignites, location of, [177]
Limestone deposits, extensive, [143]
Live-stock, history and prospects, [91]
Lloydminster, [161]
Logging, process of, [259]
Low, Mr. A. P., scientific expeditions of, [33]
——, ——, geological explorations of, [136]
Lumber mill, machinery of a, [64]
——, the centre of the industry, [57]
Lumbering, how logs are reduced, [63]
——, how trees are felled, [258]
——, removal of logs, [259]
——, value of annual production, [43]
——, value of the waterways in, [61]
M
Machinery, extensive use in agriculture, [89]
McKenzie Bay, Magnetic Rock in, [40]
McKenzie, Mr. Peter, discoveries of, [34]
McInnes, Mr. W., report on vegetation in the north lands, [139]
Macoun, Mr. John, scientific labours of, [175]
Magnesite, where occurring, [180]
Manganese, location of deposits, [178]
Manitoba, beginnings of, [28]
——, its plains and prairie, [83]
——, land awaiting settlement, [84]
——, mineral deposition, [186]
Maple syrup, production of, [43]
Medicine Hat, Irrigation at, [125]
Mercury, production of, [178]
Mesabi iron deposits, [184]
Mica deposits, location of, [174], [179]
Mine swindles, how engineered, [191]
Mines, management of, [192]
——, purchasers of, Government advice to, [192]
Mineral deposits of Canada, zones of, [181]
—— ——, parallels with U.S.A., [180]
—— output of Canada, [192]
—— resources, untouched, in Canada, [133]
—— richness of Hudson Bay district, [134]
—— —— of the North lands, [143]
—— springs at Roche à Miette, [238]
—— wealth of Canada, [173]
Mineralogy of Canada, the Government’s research work, [174]
Mining companies, advice to investors, in, [189]
—— ——, some causes of failure, [192]
—— investments, advice and warning, respecting, [189]
—— richness of Canada, [177]
Missionaries and the Red Indians, [204]
Montreal, early adventurers from, [22]
——, some particulars about, [75]
Mount Royal, founding of, [13]
N
Natural gas, discovery of, at Pelican Portage, [228]
Naval engagement, a, of 1697, [18]
Nelson, [145]
Nelson house and district, [140]
New Brunswick, coal in, [177]
New Brunswick, mineral possibilities of, [182]
—— ——, wolfram deposits in, [179]
—— England, [12]
—— France, [12]
—— Hudson Bay line starting point and proposed route, [139]
Niagara, at the Power houses, [53]
——, a visit to the Falls, [47]
——, beneath the cascade, [49]
——, distribution of power, [55]
——, experiences at the cataract, [50]
——, how it makes electricity, [53]
Nickel deposits, chance discovery of, [185]
—— ——, of, in Keewatin, [144]
—— —— in Ontario, [178]
Northern Canada, development of, [132]
—— territories, agricultural possibilities in, [38]
North lands, richness in timber, [141]
North-West Company, origin of, [23]
—— ——, floral fertility in the, [73]
—— —— mounted police, establishment of, [31]
—— ——, stories of the, [119]
Nova Scotia, coal in, [177], [181]
—— ——, gold in, [178]
—— ——, iron in, [177]
—— ——, wolfram deposits in, [179]
O
Oats, a good course for Manitoba, [87]
——, annual yield of, [42]
——, average yield from good farming, [87]
——, best kinds to grow, [87]
——, popularity of “Banner,” [87]
——, yield from virgin soil, [164]
Oil-fields, certainty of, in Alberta, [186]
Oil, prospects of in Peace River district, [229]
Ontario, copper in, [178]
——, gold in, [178]
——, iron in, [177]
——, mineral possibilities of, [182]
——, nickel in, [178]
——, silver in, [178]
Oncorhynchus, the, [245]
O’Sullivan, Mr., on the climate in the northern territories, [138]
P
Palæozoic region, mineral products of the, [182]
Paper making, operations in, [64]
Passengers carried by the C.P.R., [116]
Paul Little Walker, [209]
Peace River valley, [227]
Pelican Portage, [228]
Pelican, the fight of the, and the Hudson’s Bay, [19]
Petroleum, extent of fields, [179]
——, prospects of in Peace River district, [229]
Pigs, success in raising, [98]
Platinum, location of deposits, [178]
Ploughing, first, of the land, [132]
Police methods in the North West, [120]
Population, distribution of, [111]
——, growth in U.S.A., [2]
Port Nelson, [131]
Portage la Roche, [203]
Portland cement, output from Quebec Province, [42]
Potatoes, annual yield of, [42]
——, average crop, [164]
Potatoes, successful raising in Saskatchewan, [197]
Prairie, animal life on the, [260]
—— farming, [83]
—— ——, preparing the ground, [86]
—— fire, experiences in a, [152]
—— fires, devastation of, [237]
——, open air life on the, [260]
—— Provinces, the, [84]
—— ——, mineral wealth of, [186]
Prince Albert, [202]
—— Rupert, [241]
Prosperity in farming, steps to, [146]
Ptomaine poisoning, causes of, [249]
Pulp-wood, abundance of in Central Saskatchewan, [197]
Pyrites, location of deposits, [179]
Q
Quebec, Act, the, [13]
——, Dufferin Terrace, [9]
——, first impressions, [9]
——, the slums of, [10]
—— Province, copper in, [178]
—— ——, early colonising of, [32]
—— ——, extent of, [32]
—— ——, gold in, [178]
—— ——, iron in, [177]
—— ——, mineral output, [42]
—— ——, mineral possibilities, [182]
—— ——, mineral wealth of, [41]
—— ——, prospecting in, [33]
—— ——, prosperity in, [33]
—— ——, value of forests, [43]
R
Railway building in Canada, some of the difficulties, [117]
—— extensions in Canada, [231]
——, projected new route to Europe, [131]
Railway prospects in Northern Saskatchewan, [200]
——, the Government’s first, [110]
Ready-made farms, [127]
Red Indian ethics, a typical example of, [35]
—— —— raidings, [23]
—— Indians, Government treatment of, [217]
—— —— in Canada, proportion of, [111]
—— ——, North-West, treaties with, [30]
—— ——, aid in prospecting, [34]
—— ——, mission stories of, [207]
—— ——, teaching the, to read and write, [214]
—— ——, the compact of 1807, [26]
—— —— and Christianity, [206]
—— —— and missionary effort, [204]
—— —— and railway builders, [119]
Red River district, first settlement in, [26], [27]
Reindeer Lake, [198]
Riel rebellion, the first, [29]
—— ——, the second rising, [31]
—— ——, the, and the railway, [122]
Roblin, the Hon. R. P., [84]
Robson, Mount, ascents of, [238]
S
St. Lawrence bridge, the new, [10]
Salmon, British Columbian, average sizes, [249]
——, extraordinary quantities of, [243]
—— Fisheries, history of inception, [245]
—— ——, the, of British Columbia, [242]
—— Fishermen, pay of, [253]
—— ——, stories of, [252]
Salmon, fluctuation of supply, [254]
“Salmon” is not really Salmon, [245]
Salmon, method of catching, [248]
“Salmon,” species of, [245]
Salmon, the best species for canning, [248]
——, tinned, consumption of, [254]
——, ——, process in producing, [248], [250]
Salt deposits, where worked, [180]
—— found at Fort McMurray, [228]
—— —— in the Athabasca region, [186]
Saskatchewan, [195]
——, abundance of fish in, [198]
——, coal fields in, [187]
——, fertility of northern section, [196]
——, production of cereals, [195]
——, stock raising in, [197]
——, value of agricultural produce in, [195]
Saw-fly, European, ravages of, [37]
Saw-mill, in an up-to-date, [64]
Scientific prospecting, Canadian Government’s interest in, [33]
Selkirk, Lord, Centenary celebrations, [170]
——, ——, his work, [26]
——, ——, Reminiscences of, [166]
Settlers, experiences of, see Immigrants.
Settlers and the C.P.R., [114]
Shaughnessy, Sir Thomas, and the carriage cleaners, [129]
Sheep-farming, some experiences and opinions, [97]
Sherbrooke, copper deposits at, [174]
Silver-lead, in British Columbia, [178]
Silver in Cobalt, [178], [184]
—— in Ontario, [178]
Simpson’s Pass, [238]
Smallholdings scheme of the C.P.R., [127]
Smith, Mr. J. Obed, [2]
Split Lake, [139]
Sporting, prospects in Canada, [43]
Stocken, Canon H. W., [205]
Stock raising in Saskatchewan, [197]
Sturgeon industry, the, in British Columbia, [244]
Success in farming, requisites for, [146]
Sudbury, nickel deposits at, [143]
——, —— mines of, [178]
Sulphur springs, region of, [229]
Sunflowers as food, [107]
Sunlight, duration of, in the North-West, [145]
T
Tar-sands, discovery of, in Athabasca River, [186]
Thlaspi arvense, prevalence of, [261]
Timber, abundance of, around Lake St. John, [37]
——, ——, in Northern Saskatchewan, [198], [200]
——, cutting, processes of, [63]
—— in the North, considerable wealth of, [141]
——, quantities of, in Vancouver, [257]
——, size of in the Ile à la Crosse district, [197]
Tin in Nova Scotia, [179]
—— deposits, location of, [174]
Tinned salmon, consumption of, [253]
Tobacco, annual crop, [42]
Tolstoy and the Dukhobors, [101]
Toronto, its history, [76]
——, life in, [77]
Toronto, municipal administration of, [78]
——, some particulars of the Exhibition, [79]
——, the Exhibition, its inauguration, [79]
——, the Garden City of Canada, [77]
Touchwood, [237]
Towns, rapid growth of, [165]
Transatlantic service, the first, [1]
—— travelling, some contrasts, [6]
Transport on the lakes, [122]
Travelling in pre-railway days, [150]
Trees of British Columbia, unsuitability for paper making, [68]
——, method of felling, [258]
Trekking to a settlement, [150]
Tyrrell, Mr. J. Burr, explorations in the North West, [134]
U
United States, comparison of mineral values, [181]
Unknown lands in Canada enormous extent of, [132]
Utrecht, treaty of, [12]
V
Vancouver, richness of timber in, [257]
Varnoe, experiences at, [102]
Vegetable-growing, increasing demand for, [98]
—— ——, prospects of, in the Far North, [225]
Vegetable prospects in Northern Alberta, [224]
Verigin, a visit to, [101]
——, Mr. Peter M., [106]
W
Waswanipi, cultivation at, [40]
Water-power in Canada, [55]
—— —— in Northern latitudes, [203]
—— ——, utilisation of, at Niagara, [53]
Waterways, utilising the, [61]
Weeds, varieties of, [162]
Western Canada-Europe, opening of new route, [171]
Western Canada, in the old days, [166]
Wheat, best grades for Manitoba, [87]
——, excellence of, grown in Northern Saskatchewan, [196], [197]
——, superiority of Red Fyfe, [87]
——, suitable kinds to grow, [86]
——, yield from virgin soil, [164]
Wheat-growing, conditions of success, [88]
—— —— in Northern Alberta, [223]
—— —— in the Far North, [224], [226]
“White coal,” [51], [55], [203]
Wild fruits of Northern Saskatchewan, [200]
—— mustard, prevalence of, [261]
Winnipeg a century ago, [169]
Winnipeg Centenary Exhibition, [170]
——, early history of, [29]
—— Exhibition, financial interest in, [172]
Winter in the farming districts, [162]
—— in the northern latitudes, [198]
Wolfram, location of deposits, [179]
Wood pulp industry, annual value of production, [43]
——, processes of manufacture, [63]
Work, willingness to, a necessity, [161]
World’s Fair at Winnipeg, [171]
Y
Yellowhead Pass, scenery around, [237]
Young, Mr. R. E., experiences of, [133]
Yukon, coal in, [188]
Z
Zones of Mineral deposits in Canada, [181]
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