FOOTNOTES:
[145] See Beyer, Friedrich Rückert, Fkft. a. M. 1868, pp. 101, 102.
[146] Vol. v. pp. 200-237.
[147] So Hammer himself thought at the time. See Rob. Boxberger, Rückert-Studien, Gotha, 1878, p. 224. Such also was the opinion of the scholarly von Schack, Strophen des Omar Chijam, Stuttg. 1878, Nachwort, p. 117, note. A copy of the original dīvān of Rūmī has not been accessible to me.
[148] Cf. for instance No. 8, in ii. with Red. p. 175, and No. 24 in ii. p. 235, with Red. p. 188.
[149] Vol. v. ii. 25, p. 236.
[150] Cf. Hāfiḍ, Sāqī Nāmah, couplets 77, 78 for the three names mentioned above. The figure is most familiar to the English reader from Fitzgerald's version, Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Boston, 1899, p. 211, xxxvii. See also ʻUmar Xayyām ed. Whinfield, London, 1883, No. 466.
[151] They were published in Deutscher Musenalmanach, 1838, and do not belong properly to the collection here discussed.
[152] See essay on this by Robert Boxberger in Rückert-Studien, pp. 210-278. Also Beyer, Neue Mittheil. vol. i. p. 213; vol. ii. pp. 201-204 for the date of many of these poems.
[153] Also a few of the Vierzeilen-Sprüche, pp. 102-108, e.g. No. 30=Nītiś. 31.
[154] Friedr. Rückert, Grammatik, Poetik u. Rhetorik der Perser, ed. W. Pertsch, Gotha, 1874, p. 187.
[155] Ibid. p. 360.
[156] Fr. Wilken, Hist. Gasnevid. Berol. 1832, p. 13, Latin p. 148.
[157] Cf. transl. of Bahāristān for Kama Shastra Society, Benares, 1887, p. 180. The Persian text of these fables appeared in 1805 in the chrestomathy appended to Fr. Wilken's Institutiones ad Fundamenta Linguae Persicae, Lipsiae, 1805, pp. 172-181.
[158] This poem was mistranslated by Hammer in his Divan des Hafis, Tüb. 1812, vol. ii. p. 553. Bodenstedt has given a version in rhymed couplets: Der Sänger von Schiras, Berl. 1877, p. 129.
[159] For Niḍāmī I have used a lithographed edition published at Shīrāz, A.H. 1312. In Wilberforce Clarke's transl. of the Iskandar Nāmah, London, 1881, the couplet in question is the forty-third.
[160] Cf. for Persian text Garcin de Tassy, Mantic Uttaīr, Paris, 1863. Also French transl. p. 1 seq.
[161] See Jas. W. Redhouse, The Mesnevi of Mevlānā (our Lord) Jelālu-d-dīn, Muhammed, er-Rūmī, Lond. 1881, B. i. p. 19. For Rückert's source see Boxberger, op. cit. p. 224.
[162] See H. Ethé, Neupers. Litt. in Grdr. iran. Phil. vol. ii. p. 289.
[163] Wilh. Bacher, Nizāmis Leben u. Werke, Leipz. 1871, p. 119 and n. 4.
[164] Mémoires sur divers Antiquités de la Perse, et sur les Médailles des Rois de la dynastie des Sassanides, suivis de l'Histoire de cette Dynastie traduite du Persan de Mirkhond par A.I. Silv. de Sacy, Paris, 1793.
[165] Mohammedi Filii Chavendschahi vulgo Mirchondi Historia Samanidarum Pers. ed. Frid. Wilken, Goettingae, 1808.
Mohammedi Filii Chondschahi vulgo Mirchondi Historia Gasnevidarum Persice ed. Frid. Wilken, Berol. 1832.
Geschichte der Sultane aus dem Geschlechte Bujeh nach Mirchond, Wilken in Hist. philos. Abh. der kgl. Akad. d. Wissensch. zu Berlin, Berl. 1837. (This work from 1835.)
[166] Mirchonds Geschichte der Seldschuken, aus d. Pers. zum ersten Mal übers. etc., Joh. Aug. Vullers, Giessen, 1837.
[167] A complete list of the portions of Mīrχvānd's work edited and published by European scholars before 1837 may be found in Zenker's Bibl. Orient., Nos. 871-881. Nos 874, 875 and 879 have not been accessible to me.
[168] A letter given by Boxberger in op. cit. p. 74 shows that Rückert asked for the loan of this book.
[169] Histoire de Yemineddoula Mahmoud, tr. par A.I. Silv. de Sacy in Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits de la Bibl. Nat., tom. iv.
[170] For a similar form of the story see Gobineau, Histoire des Perses, Paris, 1869, vol. ii. pp. 9, 10, where the story is given on the authority of a Parsi work, the "Tjéhar-e-Tjemen" (i.e. Cahār-i-Caman, "the four lawns").
[171] For the romance about this man see Th. Nöldeke, Ṭabari, pp. 474-478.
[172] Lithogr. ed., p. 23. See also Malcolm, op. cit. i. 196; Red. p. 107.
[173] Deguignes, Hist. Gén. des Huns, des Turcs, des Mogols, et des autres Tartares occidentaux, etc. Paris, 1756-1758, vol. ii. pp. 209, 223; Malcolm, op. cit. i. pp. 211, 218.
[174] See Elphinstone's Hist. of India, Lond., 1841, vol. ii. pp. 10-12; also Elliot, The History of India as told by its own historians, Lond. 1867-1877, vol. ii. pp. 332-335, 337, where the story is not so romantic as in Rückert's poem.
[175] Taken from Red. p. 183, where it is given as from Rūmī. See above, p. 6.
[176] Gesta Roman. ed. Herm. Oesterly. Berl. 1872, c. 167. For bibliography of this fable see W.A. Clouston, A Group of Eastern Romances, 1889, pp. 563-566, pp. 448-452.
[177] Book of the Thousand and One Nights, by John Payne, Lond. 1894, vol. v. p. 153.
[178] Ibid. p. 168.
[179] Ibid. p. 199.
[180] In Jüdische Parabeln, vol. 26, p. 359; see also Bacher, Nizāmis Leben u. Werke, p. 117, n. 4.
[181] These episodes are outlined in Hammer, Red. p. 118; see Malcolm, op. cit. i. 55, 56.
[182] We call attention to the fact that the fourth division of this collection (pp. 392-439 in our edition) is made up of poems which really belong to the Weisheit des Brahmanen.
[183] Jackson, Die iran. Religion in Grdr. iran. Phil. ii. pp. 629, 630.
[184] Elliot, Hist. of India, vol. v. pp. 160-175; 324-328.
[185] Elphinstone, Hist. of India, vol. ii. pp. 229-301 and note, where the legend of the queen firing silver balls is given on the authority of Xāfī Xān. Elliot, op. cit. vi. 99-101.
[186] The History of the Late Revolution of the Empire of the Great Mogul, Lond. 1671, pp. 106-131. See also Elliot, op. cit. vol. vii. pp. 220-224, and Elphinstone, op. cit. vol. ii. p. 425 seq., where a slightly different account of the battle is given.
[187] Letter to Melchior Meyr, Dec. 25, 1836, cited by C. Beyer in Nachgelassene Ged. Fr. Rückerts. Wien, 1877, pp. 210, 211.
[188] Koch, Der Deutsche Brahmane, Breslau (Deutsche Bücherei, Serie iv. Heft 23), p. 22.
[189] Ibid. pp. 18-22. For Rūmī's influence see esp. in vol. viii. of the edition cited, pp. 544. 7, 566. 74 et al.
[190] In Rāmāy. i. 45, where the story of their origin is briefly given, we read that sixty kōtis, i.e. 600,000,000 (a kōti being 10,000,000), came forth from the sea, not reckoning their numberless female attendants.
[191] Schack, Ein halbes Jahrhundert, Stuttg. Berl. Wien, 1894, vol. ii. p. 41. See also Koch, op. cit. pp. 11-13; Rud. Gottschall, Fried. Rückert in Portraits u. Studien, Leipz. 1870, vol. i. pp. 163-166; Rich. Meyer, Gesch. der Litt. des 19 Jahrh. Berl. 1890, p. 56.