Christian Schools and Scholars / or, Sketches of Education from the Christian Era to the Council of Trent

by Augusta Theodosia Drane

INDEX.

[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [Q], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W], [Z]

• Abacus, the, [235], [287], and note.
• Abbo of Fleury, [221], [248], [249].
• Abbo, father to St. Odo, [242].
• Abelard, [347], [352].
• Abingdon, monastery and school of, [215-217].
• Academy, Palatine, of St. Gregory, [58];
• of Charlemagne, [128].
• —— Florentine, [523].
• —— Platonic, [613], [615].
• —— Rhenish, [637].
• —— Roman, [616], [662], [670].
• —— Toulouse, [29].
• Adalberon of Metz, [249], [252].
• Adalbert of Prague, St., [268].
• Adalhard, St., [136].
• Adam Marisco, [484].
• Adegrim, [240].
• Adelaide of Gueldres, St., [192].
• Ado of Vienne, St., [159];
• his martyrology, [160].
• Adrian, Abbot, [66].
• Adrian I., Pope, [122], [125].
• —— VI., Pope, his education at Louvain, [643];
• his election, [666];
• and death, [667].
• Advice to ladies, [538].
• Ædmer, death of, [216].
• Ælfric, the homilist and grammarian, [219].
• Æneid, the, [42].
• Ængus, St., [52].
• Æsop, fables of, [181].
• Agatho, Pope, his letter, [27].
• Agnellus, [483].
• Aidan, St., [64].
• Alban’s, St., school at, [316], [317].
• Albert of York, [85].
• Albert the Great, [415];
• his writings, [418-422].
• Albigenses, the, [407], [442].
• Alcala, University of, [649-653].
• Alcuin at York, [84].
• —— in France, [119], [142].
• Aldhelm, St., his studies, [68-70].
• Alexander of Toulouse, [410].
• Alexander Hales, [475].
• —— III., Pope, [364], [365], [393].
• Alexandria, [1-3];
• its catechetical school, [3-10].
• Alfred, King, [195-209].
• Alpais, B. of Cudot, [340].
• Alphabet, St. Patrick and the Roman, [43].
• Amalarius of Metz, [193].
• Amauri de Bene, [407].
• Ambrose, St., [45], [59].
• —— Traversari, [523].
• Anastasius, Papal Librarian, [145].
• Andreas Ammonius, [683], and note.
• Angelbert, [136].
• Angervyle, Richard, [529];
• his library, [530].
• Anglo-Saxon language, formation of, [81], [82].
• —— grammars, [219].
• —— versions of Scripture, [82], [208].
• —— studied at Tavistock Abbey, [462].
• Anglo-Saxon enigmas, [127].
• Annibal Annibaldi, [441], [442].
• Anscharius, St., [164-169].
• Anselm of Laon, [343], [344].
• Anselm, St., [307-315].
• “Anthonie Pigs,” [588].
• Anthony Woodville, [593], [594].
• Antiphonary of St. Gregory, [60], [369].
• —— Roman, [122], [173].
• Antoninus, St., of Florence, [524].
• Apollinaris, Sidonis, St., [2-8].
• Apostolic Rule, the, [5], [13].
• Aquileja, St. Paulinus of, [118].
• Aquitaine, William of, [242].
• Arabian Schools, frequented by medieval scholars, [317].
• Arabic language, study of, [440], [441].
• Aran, isle of, [45], [46].
• Archdeacon, his duties, [12], [401].
• Archetrenius, [367].
• Aristotle, studied in the Dark Ages, [78], [113], [148], [174], [181], [274], [286].
• —— translations of, [274], [407], [441].
• —— errors arising from the study of, [360], [406], [408].
• —— his Physics prohibited in the schools, [372], [408].
• —— commented by Albert the Great, [418];
• and by St. Thomas, [428].
• Arithmetic, early study of, [69], [131], [179], [185].
• —— much advanced by Gerbert, [287], [289].
• Arles, St. Hilary of, [33].
• Armagh, School of, [44].
• —— Richard, Archbishop of, his complaints of the friars, [495].
• Art, [444], [445], and note, [524].
• Arts, the seven liberal, [31], [36], [131], [134], [147], [179], [225], [243], [249], [258], [286], [289], [350], [354].
• —— decay of, [356], [375].
• —— faculty of, [372].
• —— contempt of, shown by Berengarius, [306];
• and Abelard, [346].
• Asaph, St., [38].
• Asser, [199].
• Astrology, [69], [79].
• Astronomy, [79], [124], [125], [248], [287].
• Athelhard of Bath, [320], [321].
• Athens, Schools of, [17].
• Attraction of gravitation, taught by Vincent of Beauvais, [436].
• Augustine, St., of Hippo, [5], [16].
• —— —— of Canterbury, [63].
• Aurelian, St., of Aries, [24].
• Auricular confession, Colet on, [682], note.
• Averrhoes, his errors, [406], [407], [428].
• Avitus, St., of Vienne, [28].
• Aymeric of Placentia, establishes Greek and Oriental studies, [441].
• Bachelor’s degree, [372], [412], [414].
• Bacon, Roger, [486-488].
• Bald men, poem on, [159].
• Baldwin of Canterbury, his journey through Wales, [459].
• Bangor, [37], [38].
• Barbarians, irruptions of the, [230-234].
• Barbarous Latin, [496-498].
• Barlaam, the Calabrian monk, [520].
• Baronial households, [532-540].
• Baronius on the Iron Age, [223].
• Basil, St., [18], [23], [24].
• Basilica of the Octagon, [20].
• Basing of St. Alban’s, [485].
• Bathildis, Queen, foundress of School of Chelles, [191].
• Baume, La, [244], [245].
• Beauvais, Vincent of, [434-436].
• Bec, foundation of, [306].
• —— its schools, [307-313].
• Becket, St. Thomas à, [358].
• Bede, St., [77-84].
• Bembo, Cardinal, [657], [659], [660], [666], [701].
• Benchor and its schools, [48], [49].
• Benedict, St., [32], [33].
• —— —— of Anian, [135].
• —— XI., Pope, [445].
• Benedictine Schools, [113], [131].
• Benignus, St., disciple of St. Patrick, [43].
• Bennet Biscop, St., [66], [72], [76].
• Benno, Cardinal, [288].
• Bennon, St., of Misnia, his education, [265], [267].
• Berengarius, [304-309].
• Berington, Mr., quoted, [225], [226], [284], [486], [516].
• Bernard, St., [351-355].
• Bernardine Colleges, [371], [372], [373].
• Bernward, St., of Hildesheim, [263-267].
• Bertilla, [191].
• Bessarion, Cardinal, [604], [605].
• Beverley, St. John of, [67], [77].
• Bibiena, Cardinal, author of “Calandra,” [657].
• Bible, copies of the entire, [71], [72], [335], [337], [372].
• —— Alcuin corrects the whole, [119];
• as does Lanfranc, [318].
• —— metrical versions of the, [189].
• —— study of the, by the monks, [188], [189].
• —— saved from barbarians, [236].
• —— versions of, in the vulgar tongue, [340].
• —— Commentary on, by Walafrid Strabo, [150].
• —— Concordance of, first, [437].
• —— of the poor, [567].
• —— Bohemian, [562].
• Bibles, chained in churches, [567].
• —— Complutensian Polyglot, [652].
• Black Death, the, [557].
• Bobbio, [49], [128], [141].
• Bocaccio, [198].
• Boethius, [30-33], [288], note.
• —— Alfred’s translations from, [205-207].
• Bologna, University of, [328], [379], [391-393].
• Bonaventura, St., [433].
• Boniface, St., [89-112].
• —— VIII., Pope, founds Roman University, [398].
• —— —— conduct of Paris University towards, [404], [405].
• —— and Philip le Bel, [527].
• —— and Dante, [512].
• Book copying, [334].
• Book trade in Paris, [383], [384].
• Borromeo, St. Charles, [705], [718-724].
• —— College, [720].
• Botany, Albert the Great’s studies of, [421].
• Bradwardine, Archbishop, [240].
• Brendan, St., [49], [50].
• Bridferth, monk of Ramsey, [221].
• British Colleges, ancient, [35-42].
• Bruno, St., of Cologne, [257-261].
• —— founder of the Carthusians, [341].
• Bucer, [644].
• Budæus, [639], [640].
• Bullinger, [645].
• Bury, Monastery of, [577].
• —— Richard, of, [529-531].
• Cabala, the, [625], [638].
• Cadoc, St., [40-42].
• Cæsarius, St., of Arles, [24].
• Cajetan, St., [668-670].
• Camaldolese Order encourages revival of classical studies, [523].
• Cambridge University, [64].
• Cambridge scholar, the, [458].
• Campanus, his Commentary on Euclid, [397].
• Candidus, disciple of Rabanus, [149], [154].
• Canisius, Peter, [713].
• Canon law, study of, [391], [392].
• Canonical schools, [131], note.
• Canons Regular, [11], [63], [97].
• Canterbury, school at, [64], [66-69].
• Capella, Marcian, [31].
• Capitulars of Charlemagne, [130].
• Capgrave, John, [583].
• Caraffa, [668], [669].
• Carmenta Nicostrata, [322].
• Carmina de Septem Artibus, [134].
• Caroline College at Osnaburgh, [183].
• Carpenter, John, founder of City of London School, [585], [589].
• Carthage, schools of, [14].
• —— Council of, [13].
• Carthag, St., [53].
• Casa Giojosa, the, [601].
• Cassiodorus, [31-33].
• Catacombs, Roman Academicians and the, [617], note.
• Cataldus, St., [53].
• Catechetical School of Alexandria, [3], [10];
• of Jerusalem, [6].
• Cathedral schools, [11-14], [95], [114];
• revived by Charlemagne, [130], [131];
• under the Othos, [262];
• revived by St. Gregory VII., [328];
• classical studies in, [330], [399].
• Caxton, [592-598].
• Celestine, St., Pope, [36], [38].
• Centon, St. Gregory’s, [59].
• Ceolfrid, [73], [74].
• Chaldaic, study of, [437-441].
• Chancellor, office of, [401], and note.
• Chant, Ecclesiastical, [4], [53], [59].
• —— introduced into England by St. Benedict Biscop, [75].
• —— reformed in France by Pepin, [117];
• and by Charlemagne, [122], [123].
• —— at St. Gall, [173], [179].
• —— corruption of, [524].
• —— reform of, [717].
• Charlemagne, [113], [143].
• Charles the Bald, [144], [157], [159].
• —— of Naples, [425].
• —— V. of France, [525], [541].
• —— St. Borromeo, [705], [717];
• his Seminaries, [720-724].
• Chartres, school of, [303].
• Chaucer, [553-556].
• Chelles, school of, founded by Queen Bathildis, [191].
• Chigi soirées, [662].
• Chivalry and education, [532-538].
• Choral schools in private households, [576].
• Christine de Pisa, [525].
• “Christ-cross Row, the,” [546].
• Chrysoloras, Emmanuel, [605].
• Chrysostom, St., [19].
• Church history, study of, [413], and note.
• Cicero, copies of, in early Christian libraries, [84], [129], [148], [150], [157].
• —— studied in schools of the Dark Ages, [161], [181], [338].
• —— Petrarch’s love for, [519];
• translated into Italian, [497].
• Ciceronian Latin, [660].
• Claud of Turin, [144].
• Claudian Mamertus, [28].
• Claustral schools, [131], note.
• Clement, Irish professor, [141], [144].
• —— of Alexandria, [7].
• —— V. Pope, founds lectures in Oxford for Eastern languages, [440].
• —— VII. Pope, [667].
• Clonard, school of, [46].
• Clonmacnois, [48].
• Cloveshoe, Council of, [108], [109].
• Cluain Ednech, [48].
• Cluny, foundation of, [245].
• —— Customs of, [335], [336], [337].
• Cockfighting, London schoolboys’ love of, [588].
• Colet, Dean, [674].
• Colleges at Paris, [371-374].
• —— at Oxford, [502-507], [539].
• —— at Louvain, [642].
• —— at Alcala, [650].
• ——, Wykehamist, [569], [571];
• Old English, [572], [575].
• Collegium Trilingue at Louvain, [643].
• Colman, [51].
• Coluccio Salutati, [523].
• Columba, St., [47], [50].
• Columbanus, St., [52].
• Comestor, Peter, [363].
• Commission of Cardinals on education, [705-707].
• Computum, the, [8].
• Concordance of the Bible by Hugh de St. Cher, [437].
• —— by Archbishop Peckham, [500].
• Contarini, Cardinal, [668], [700], [705].
• Contemplative character of early monastic teachers, [165], [166].
• Convito, Dante’s, [514].
• Copyists, [100], [129], [172], [332-335].
• Corby, Old, [136], [160], [658].
• —— New, [167], [168].
• Cornificians, the, [359].
• Corpus Christi College, [678].
• Cortese, Gregory, [705].
• Cosmo de Medici, [612], [613].
• Cosmos, Humboldt’s, quoted, [416], note, [419], [421], [460].
• Council of Aix-la-Chapelle condemns Felix of Urgel, [142].
• —— Carthage prescribes laws for manner of life of clergy, [13].
• —— Constantinople orders priests’ schools, [13].
• —— Cloveshoe, decrees of, [109], [110].
• —— Frankfort, against Elipandus, [136].
• —— Lateran, Fourth, [396].
• —— Orleans, on priests’ schools, [110].
• —— Sens, [352].
• —— Soissons, [229];
• second, condemns Abelard, [350].
• —— Toledo requires bishops to found seminaries, [13], [14].
• —— Trent, [708], [712].
• —— Vaison, on priests’ schools, [13].
• —— Valence, [145].
• Councils of Rheims, Rome, Vercelli, Florence, and Tours successively condemn Berengarius, [308].
• Courçon, Robert de, Legate to Innocent III., [375].
• Courtesy, laws of, [532].
• Crevier, on principles of Paris University, [405].
• Croke, Greek Professor, [677], [696].
• Crusade, the fifth, [390].
• Cummian, St., [52].
• Cusanus, Nicholas, [634], [635].
• Cuthbert of Wearmouth, [100].
• Cynewulf of Peterborough, [219].
• Cyril, St., of Jerusalem, [6].
• Dado of Verden, and poor schools, [253].
• Damasus, Pope St., [35].
• Dames’ schools, [546].
• Damian, St. Peter, [326-328].
• Damoiseaux, [532].
• Daniel, of Winchester, [103].
• Danish College, [371].
• Dante, [508-517].
• Dark Ages, supposed ignorance of, [225-227].
• David, St., [37].
• Deacon, John, the, [58], [60], [123];
• Paul, the, [58], [118], and note.
• —— James, the, introduces Roman chant into Northumbria, [74].
• Dead, prayers for the, [371], [376].
• Decay of learning in seventh century, [27], [115].
• —— of arts, [378], [379].
• Decretals of Gratian, [379], [391], [392].
• Degrees, [375], [414];
• in grammar, [457];
• in music, [458].
• Delphina, St., [537].
• Denys, St., the Areopagite, translated by Scotus Erigena, [145], [184];
• commented by B. Albert the Great, [418];
• translated by Robert Grostete, [485].
• Deventer, schools of, [631-634].
• Devorgilla, the Lady, [502].
• Dialogues, Anglo-Saxon, [127], [139], [186].
• Dictionaries, [183], [331], [485], [571].
• Didier, Bishop, rebuked by St. Gregory, [57].
• Diemudis, the copyist nun, [334].
• Diploma of Philip Augustus, [365].
• Discipline of the Universities, lax, [368], [374].
• Distichia Moralia, old class-book, [181].
• “Docta Sanctorum” Bull of Pope John XXII., [524].
• “Doctrinale Puerorum,” [181].
• Dominic, St., [410], [449].
• Dominican Order, [411-417].
• Dominican system of graduation, [414].
• Dominicans in England, [475].
• Donatus, St., [54].
• Donatus, grammar of, [181], [250].
• D’Oyley, Robert, his Oxford foundation, [452].
• Dublin University, [442], [443].
• Dunstable, miracle play at, [317].
• Duns Scotus, [496], [505].
• Dunstan, St., [212-218].
• Durandus, [513], note.
• Durham College, [505], [711].
• Eadburga, her letters to St. Boniface, [101].
• Easter, calculation of, [8].
• —— controversy regarding, note, [65].
• Easterwine, Abbot, [75].
• Eberhard, Count, his will, [193].
• Ecclesiastical chant, [5], [53].
• Edmund, St., of Canterbury, [479-483].
• Edmundsbury, [422], [462];
• free school at, [577].
• Education in the Dark Ages, [178].
• —— St. Chrysostom, on, [19].
• —— of women, [25], [26], [102], [183].
• —— Roilin, on, [378].
• —— Lateran Fathers, on, [664].
• —— Cardinals, on, [706].
• —— treatise on, by Sadolet, [700].
• —— in Jesuit Colleges, [708].
• —— National Systems of, [401].
• Edward II. founder of Oriel, [505].
• —— III., [529].
• —— IV., [576], [577], [584], [592].
• Egbert of York, [84].
• Egbert, Anglo-Saxon priest, [92].
• Eigil, St., [154].
• Einold of Tours, [251].
• Einsidlen, [176].
• Ekkehard of St. Gall’s, [274].
• Ella Longspée, [503].
• Elyot, Sir John, author of the “Governor,” [672], [673].
• Elzear of Sabran, [536], [537].
• Emmeran’s, St., [335].
• Enchiridion of King Alfred, [205].
• Encyclopædias, [14], [32], [434].
• Enda, founder of Aran, [45].
• English schools of twelfth century, [320], [461].
• —— language first used for literary purposes, [464].
• —— in schools, [543-545].
• —— versions of the Scriptures, [561-567].
• —— poetry, specimens of early, [580-582].
• —— poor-schools, [469], [471], [549].
• —— school books, [546], [547].
• Episcopal seminaries, ancient, [11].
• —— revived by St. Gregory VII., [328].
• —— decay of, after twelfth century, [402].
• —— restored by Council of Trent, [714].
• Erasmus, his early education, [636].
• —— quoted, [641], [661], [662], [674], note, [679], [683], note, [697], [698].
• —— in Rome, [664], [665];
• in England, [675].
• —— his grammar, [687], [688].
• —— and Luther, [694], [695].
• —— his Colloquies, [706] and note.
• —— his death, [706], note.
• Erigena, John Scotus, [145], [156].
• Espousals of Mercury and Philology, [31].
• Ethelwold, St., Bishop of Winchester, [217-220].
• —— pupil of St. Aldhelm, [70], [71].
• Eton school founded, [571].
• Eucher, St., [33].
• Euclid, [397], translated by Athelhard, [321];
• commented on by Campanus, [397].
• Eusebius, St., of Vercelli, [12].
• Evesham Abbey, [315].
• Evroult, St., relics of, [322], [323].
• —— School of, [323].
• Ewelme, God’s house at, [574].
• Exeter, school at, [91].
• —— given to Asser, [199].
• —— Joseph of, author of the Antiocheis, [461].
• —— College, [506].
• Faculties at Paris University, [374], [375].
• Fair of the Landit, [384], [385].
• Faith and reason, St. Anselm on, [345];
• St. Bernard on, [354];
• St. Thomas on, [429].
• Fathers of the Desert received young children, [21-24].
• —— the, on education, [17-20].
• —— neglect of the, [379].
• —— St. Louis, collects copies of the, [379].
• Felix, St., [64].
• —— of Urgel, [144].
• Ferrierès, school of, [156].
• “Fescennine license” explained, [465], and note.
• Ficinus, Marsilius, [613-616].
• Filelfo, [606-609].
• Finian, St., of Clonard, [46].
• Fintan, St., [48].
• “Fishmarket Latin,” [643].
• Fitz Stephen, quoted, [464], [589], [592].
• Flaminius, Mark Anthony, [700], [701], and note.
• Fleury Abbey, reform of, [245], [246].
• —— Abbo of, [221], [248], [249].
• Flodoard of Rheims, [241].
• Florence, Renaissance at, [605-624].
• Florent, St., relics of, [236].
• Florentius, scholar of Deventer, [632].
• Florentine Academy in Convent of Augustinians, [523].
• “Following of Christ,” the, [497].
• Fontanelles Abbey, [129], [131], [233].
• Fonte Avellano, [326].
• Fontenay, battle of, [229], and note.
• France, state of letters in, [526].
• Francis I. founds a Royal College, [638].
• Franciscans at Oxford, [483].
• Frankfort, Council of, [136].
• Frankish language, [126].
• Frankish Church, reform of the, [116].
• Frassinet seized by the Saracens, [247].
• Frederick I., [392].
• —— II., [394], [395], [425].
• Fredigise, disciple of Alcuin, [119], [142], [144].
• Freewill, Böethius and Alfred on, [206].
• —— St. Augustine on, [343].
• —— Erasmus on, [695].
• French Language, [229], note.
• —— spoken in England, [543-546].
• —— scholars of the Renaissance, [646], [647].
• Frideswide’s, St., Abbey, at Oxford, [451].
• Friesland, missions to, [92], [93].
• Frœlsung, the, [109].
• Fulbert of Chartres, [303].
• Fulda, foundation of, [102], [104].
• —— school of, [146-149].
• Fulk of Anjou, [180].
• —— of Rheims, [241].
• —— of Neuilly, [388-391].
• Gaddesden, John, court physician, [555].
• Gall’s, St., monastic school of, [169-173], [269-280].
• Galon, his dispute with the Bishop of Paris, [401].
• Gamut, invention of the, [294].
• Gandersheim, school of, [295].
• —— Hroswitha, of, [295-299].
• Gemistus, or Pletho, [613], [615].
• Geneviève, St., school of, [351], [356], [365], [366].
• Geography Of Alfred, [207].
• —— of Albert the Great, [420].
• —— of Dante, [515].
• —— specimens of, in old English schools, [547], [557].
• Geometry, [117], [179], [289], [555].
• Gerard the Great, [630], [632].
• Gerbert, [284-291].
• German language, formation of, [125], [126].
• —— Emperors in the tenth century, [254].
• —— Bibles, [636].
• —— Universities after the Reformation, [644].
• Germanus, St., of Auxerre, [36].
• Ghiberti, Matthew, [668], [705], [713], [719].
• Giannozzo Manetti, [523], [600], [611].
• Gilbert de la Poirée, his errors, [359].
• Gilbert, St., [465].
• Gilbertine order, [467], [468].
• Gildas, St., [41].
• Geraldus Cambrensis, [459].
• “Gloria, laus et honor,” origin of the Responsory, [134].
• Gloss on the Scriptures, [150].
• Gloucester, Duke Humphrey of, patron of learning, [584], [585].
• Gloucester College, [504].
• Godric, St., [472], [473].
• “Goliardi,” the, [541].
• Gonzaga, Cecilia, [603].
• Gorham, Geoffery, author of the first miracle-play, [317].
• Gorze, monastery of, restored, [252].
• —— John of, [250-252].
• Gospel places, [478].
• Gospels, [4], [41], [63], [83], [172].
• —— Harmony of the, [112], [151].
• Gotteschalk, his errors, [155], [156].
• “Governor,” the, [672].
• Gower, [554].
• Grammar, Latin and English, by Ælfric, [219].
• —— German, begun by Charlemagne, [125], [151], [171].
• —— Latin and Greek, [91], [135], [486], [531].
• —— Latin, partly written by Erasmus, [687], [688].
• —— Hebrew, [486], [531].
• Grammarians of Toulouse, [29], [30].
• “Great Mirror,” the, [435].
• “Greeks and Trojans,” [674].
• Greek refugees, [604].
• Greek, early study of, [49], [52], [77], [78], [114], [118], [122], [134], [145], [172], [183], [184], [257], [267], [275], [296], [303], [438-440], [485].
• —— restoration of, [520], [601], [605], [607], [609], [613].
• —— first printed at Deventer, [635].
• Gregorian School of Chant, [60].
• —— College, [398].
• Gregory, St., Nazianzen, [17].
• —— —— of Nyssa, [705].
• —— —— of Utrecht, [94], [95].
• —— —— the Great, Pope, [56-63].
• —— II., Pope, [94].
• —— III., Pope, [103]
• —— IV., Pope, [169].
• —— VII., Pope, [326].
• —— IX., Pope, [396].
• Grimbald, [198], [209], [210].
• Grocyn, [672], [674], [678].
• Grosteste, Robert, [483-486].
• Guarino, [600], [605], [606].
• Guitmond, [309], [310].
• Guizot, M., quoted, [114], [115].
• Gundulph, [309].
• “Habita,” the, [392].
• Haimo of Halberstadt, [147].
• Hallam, references to, [32], [332], [611].
• —— on church music, [180].
• —— on England before Danish Invasions, [195].
• —— on the Dark Ages, [226].
• —— on destruction of monasteries, [234].
• —— on Greek and Oriental studies, [438].
• —— on mendicant friars, [496].
• Halls at Oxford, [453].
• Hebrew, study of, [9], [14], [78], [114], [118], [134], [161], note, [303], [337], [437], [438], [441], [461], [485], [609], [619].
• Hedwiga, Duchess, [275], [276].
• Henry de Mesmes, [638].
• Henry of Auxerre, [158].
• —— St., of Bavaria, [255], [267].
• —— of Wurtzburg, [260].
• —— Beauclerk, educated at Abingdon Abbey, [319].
• —— II. of England, [361], [455], [459], [464].
• —— III. of England, [456].
• —— V., [560], [584].
• —— VI. of England, [571], [584], [586], [587], [591].
• —— VIII. of England, [677], [692];
• his “Defence of the Seven Sacraments,” [694];
• and Pole, [696].
• Heraclius of Liege, [240], [253], [257].
• Hermolaus Barbarus, [620].
• Hildebert of Mans, [330], [340].
• Hildebrand, [336].
• Hildesheim, school of, [264-267], [338].
• Hincmar of Rheims, [156], [158], [241].
• Hippolytus, St., [8], [9].
• Hirsauge, or Hirschau, colony from Fulda, [148], [335].
• “Hodœporicon,” the, [602].
• Homer, study of, [19], [67].
• Homilies of St. Gregory, [57].
• —— of Ælfric, [219], [220], and note.
• Honorius of Autun, [330].
• —— III., Pope, [380].
• Horoscopes, [69], and note.
• Hospitals, old English, [572-578].
• Hroswitha, the nun of Gandersheim, [295-299].
• Hucbald of St. Amand, [241].
• Hugh, St., of Cluny, [336], [337].
• Humanists, [640], [696], [701].
• Humbert of Verdun, [252].
• —— de Romanis, [439], [447].
• —— Cardinal, [325].
• Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, [584], [585].
• Huns, invasions of the, [233].
• Ideler and Dante, [515].
• Ignatius, St., of Antioch, [59], and note.
• —— —— Loyola, [707], [708].
• Iltutus, St., [37].
• Innocent III., Pope, [375], [376], [380], [386], [393], [396].
• —— IV., Pope, [371], [372].
• Intellect, St. Bonaventure on the office of the, [433].
• Iona, school of, [50], [51], [64].
• Irenæus, St., [6].
• Irish scholars, [52], [71], [141], [169], [270].
• —— —— at Oxford, [457].
• Irnerius lectures on Roman law, [328], [391].
• Iron Age, [225].
• Isidore, St., author of the “Origines,” [14].
• Iso of St. Gall’s, [270].
• Italian Universities, [391-396], [398].
• Italy, state of learning in, during the tenth century, [255];
• twelfth century, [328];
• fourteenth century, [518];
• fifteenth century, [599].
• Ivo of Chartres, [309].
• James, St., liturgy of, [6].
• —— —— Hospital of, [371].
• —— the Deacon, introduces Roman chant into Northumbria, [74].
• —— of Vitry, on Paris University, [368], [369], [388].
• James, King of Arragon, founds a college for Oriental languages, [440].
• Jarrow, school of, [73], [75].
• Jerome, St., [26].
• Jerusalem, catechetical school of, [6].
• Jesuit colleges, [707], [708], [713].
• Jews at Oxford, [457];
• banished from England, [461].
• John, St., Chrysostom, [19].
• —— the Deacon, biographer of St. Gregory, [60], [118], note, [123].
• —— The Venerable, arch-chanter of St. Peter’s, [75].
• —— St., of Beverley, [67], [77].
• —— of old Saxony, scholar of Alfred, [198].
• —— of Gerze, [250], [252].
• —— of Salisbury, [355-363].
• —— St., of Capistran, [524], [602].
• —— of St. Quentin, [387].
• —— of Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury, [499], [500].
• —— Picus of Mirandola, [618], [619].
• Joseph of Exeter, [461].
• Kenticern, St., [39], [40].
• Kieran, St., [47], [48].
• Ladies, advice to, [538].
• Ladies, education of, early, [24-26];
• ninth century, [191];
• Middle Ages, [538-540];
• fifteenth century, [603].
• Lanfranc, [305-318].
• Lanthorns, King Alfred and the, [203].
• Lantnit, Monastery of, founded by St. Iltutus, [37].
• Lascaris, [622], note.
• Lateran, School of the, [11].
• —— Fourth Council of, [411].
• —— Fifth Council of, [663].
• Latin Classics, in libraries of Dark Ages, [69], [84], [121], [129], [157], [171], [181], [286], [330], [332], [460], [461], [462].
• —— prayers taught in poor schools, [469].
• Latinities, the twelve, [30].
• Laura de Sade, [518], [519], [522].
• Law, Canon, [379], [391], [392], [454].
• —— Civil, [379], [391];
• first taught at Oxford, [454].
• —— Effect of this study, [380], [496], [512].
• Leander of Seville, St., [14].
• Learning, dangers of, [628].
• Learning, character of the monkish, [282], [285], [301].
• Lectors, [414], note.
• Leidrade, one of the “Missi Dominici,” [135].
• Leo, St., IX., Pope, [325].
• —— X., Pope, [655], [666].
• Leonard Aretino, [611], [612].
• Leonine verses, [496], [498].
• Leontius, Pilate, [520].
• Lerins, school of, [33];
• revived, [705].
• Letter from St. Aldheim to Hedda, [68].
• —— from Alcuin to Charlemagne, [125].
• —— from Charlemagne to his prelates, [130].
• —— from St. Lioba to St. Boniface, [102].
• —— from Fulk of Rheims to King Alfred, [198].
• —— from John of Salisbury to St. Thomas à Becket, [362].
• Letters of Wibald, [338].
• —— —— Peter of Blois, [361].
• —— —— St. Thomas of Canterbury, [358].
• —— —— Erasmus, [676].
• Levitius of Monte Cassino, [179].
• Liberal Arts, [179].
• Libraries, circulating, [253].
• —— destruction of, [234], [235].
• Library of the Patriarchium, [11].
• —— Palatine, supposed destruction of, [57];
• St. Augustine’s, [63];
• York, [84];
• Cluny Abbey, [337];
• of St. Louis, [379];
• of King Charles V., [525];
• Vatican, [604].
• Licenses for schools, [400], [401], note.
• Liege, school of, [240], [253].
• Lily, William, [674], [687], [688], [701].
• Linacre, [674], [678], [683].
• Lincoln College, [571].
• Lindisfarne, [64];
• destruction of, [88].
• Lioba, St., [101], [105], [106].
• Lismore, school of, [52], [53].
• Liturgical element in education, [61], [133], [469], [470], [513].
• —— poetry, [498].
• Liturgy of St. Mark, [4].
• —— proposed reform of the, [624].
• Llancarvan, school of, [40].
• Llan Elwy, [40].
• Logic, [338], [349].
• Lollards, [557-561], [571], note.
• London, schools of, [586-589].
• —— Old, [589-592].
• Longspée, William, [543].
• Lorenzo de’ Medici, [620], [622], [627].
• Louis the Debonnaire, [132], note, [134], [190], [228], [230].
• —— IX., St., [379].
• Louvain, [641], [644];
• suppression and re-erection, [653].
• Luanus, St., founder of Clonfert, [49].
• Luidger, St., [95-97].
• Lullus, St., [100].
• Lupus, St., of Troyes, [36].
• —— of Ferrières, [149], [150], [156].
• Luther, [641], [644], [694].
• Lydgate, his “Court of Sapience,” [579].
• Lynwood, Bishop, canonist of fifteenth century, [562].
• Lyons, Florus of, [183].
• Lyra, Nicholas de, [488].
• Mabel Rich, mother of St. Edmund, [479].
• Magdalen College, Oxford, [571].
• Magdeburgh school of, [268], [269].
• Maieul, St., [246], [248].
• Malmesbury, school of, [65], [70].
• Mandeville, Sir John, [556].
• Manegold, [346].
• Manning, Robert, Gilbertine canon and chronicler, [468].
• Mannon, [146], [257].
• Mans, Hildebold of, [340].
• Maps, [557].
• Marcellus, monk of St. Gall’s, [270].
• Margaret Plantagenet, Duchess of Burgundy, [593].
• Marianus Scotus, [339].
• Mark, St., the Evangelist, [1-5].
• Mark’s, St., Library at Florence, [608].
• Marmoutier, [33];
• destruction of, [234].
• Marsillus Ficinus, [613-616], [626].
• Martian Capella, [31].
• Martin’s, St., of Tours, [33], [35], [42], [137], [140].
• Matilda, Queen, [319].
• Maurice Sully, Bishop of Paris, [386], [387].
• “Media Vita,” [272].
• Medici, the, Cosmo, [612];
• Lorenzo, [622].
• Medicine, [291-293], [555];
• one of the Faculties at Paris University, [375];
• at Louvain, [643];
• and at Alcala, [651].
• Meinrad, St., [175].
• Meinwerc of Paderborn, [267], [268].
• Melanchthon, [644].
• Melun, Robert of, [356].
• Menagier de Paris, quoted, [538].
• Merlac, Daniel, [455].
• Merton College, Oxford, [503].
• Metaphysics of Aristotle, [407], [408].
• Minster, [97].
• Mitterius, grammarian of Toulouse, [30].
• Monologion of St. Anselm, [312].
• More, Sir Thomas, [675], [678], [683].
• Music, [80], [162], [179], [294], [524].
• Musicians, Irish, [52].
• Musurus, Greek, professor, [614], [615].
• Natural Philosophy of Bede, [79];
• of Albert the Great, [418-422];
• of Vincent of Beauvais, [435], [436].
• Nazianzen, St. Gregory, [17].
• Neckham, Alexander, [463].
• Neot, St., [209].
• Neo-Platonists, [4], [142], [145].
• Neuilly, Fulk of, [388].
• Nicholas I., Pope, [145], [146].
• —— V., Pope, [603], [604].
• —— de Lyra, [488].
• —— Oresme, [526].
• —— de Cusa, Cardinal, scholar of Deventer, [634], [635].
• Nigel Wireker, author of Speculum Stultorum, [464].
• Ninian, St., [35], [36].
• Nomantula, Abbey of, seven times plundered, [234].
• Nominalists and Realists, [344], [345].
• Norman invasions, [230-232].
• Northumbria, [64].
• Notger of Liege, [240].
• Notker of St. Gall’s, [272], [273].
• Novalesa sacked, [235].
• Novellæ of Justinian, [242].
• Nuns, learned, [105], [107], [191], [295].
• Nutscell, monastery of, [91].
• Occleve, [556], [579].
• Odericus Vitalis, [321-323].
• Odo, St., of Cluny, [245], [246].
• —— of Canterbury, [214].
• —— of Tournai, [342].
• Ogres, [233].
• Oratory of Divine Love, [668].
• Oriel College, Oxford, [505].
• Oriental languages, [437-441].
• Origen, [8-10].
• Orleans, [336].
• Ormanetti, Nicholas, [710], [720], [724].
• Orosius, translated by Alfred, [207].
• “Orthographia, De,” [31].
• Osbern, disciple of St. Anselm, [311].
• Osney Abbey, foundation of, [452].
• Oswald, St., of York, [214], [217], [336].
• Otheric of Magdeburgh, [268], [289], [290].
• Otho the Great, [254], [286].
• —— II., [254].
• —— III., [255], [291].
• Ouche, [237-239].
• Ovid, [141], [181], and note.
• Oxford, in the time of Alfred, [209];
• in Middle Ages, [453-458], [476-495];
• and Lollardism, [558], [559], [560];
• in sixteenth century, [672];
• under Cardinal Pole, [710], [711];
• after the Reformation, [702], [703], [711].
• Oxonian Latin, [496].
• Pace, Richard, [673], [696].
• Pachomius, St., [21].
• Paderborn, schools of, [268].
• Padua, University of, [394], [659].
• Paganism of the Renaissance, [623], [660].
• Palatine school of St. Gregory, [58].
• —— of Charlemagne, [119-129], [144].
• Pamphilius, St., [15].
• Pandects, the, [391], and note.
• Pantœnus, St., [7].
• Pantheism, [406], [428], [429].
• Paraclete, the, School of, [351].
• Paris, schools of, [346], [363].
• —— University of, [366].
• —— book trade at, [383].
• Parma, schools of, [328].
• Parochial schools, [13], [110], [133], [253], [469], [543], [546], [549], [550];
• in diocese of Milan, [724].
• Paschal cycle, [8], [65], and note.
• Paschasius Radpert, St., [160-164].
• Paston letters, [578].
• Patrick, St., [42-45].
• Paul’s, St., school, [685-688].
• Paul II., Pope, [616].
• —— III., Pope, [698], [704].
• —— IV., Pope, [710].
• Paul Warnfrid, [118].
• Paulus, Jovius, [658], and note.
• Peckham, John of, [499], [500].
• “Pedagogues,” [177].
• Pepin, [116].
• Peter, St., the Apostle, [1], [59].
• Peter Damian, St., [326], [327].
• —— of Pisa, [118].
• —— of Cluny, [352].
• —— Martyr, of Anghiera, [649], and note.
• —— Vermigli, [702].
• —— Pomponatus, [659].
• Petrarch, [517-522].
• Philip Augustus, [365].
• —— le Bel, [404], [527].
• —— the Almoner, [662].
• Philosophy, its true nature, [433].
• —— of St. Thomas, [429].
• Phrenology, [340].
• Physician’s fee at Bologna, [394].
• Physics of Aristotle, [408].
• Picus Mirandola, [618].
• “Piperis Granum,” [275].
• Pius II., Pope, [604].
• —— IV., Pope, [718].
• —— V., Pope, [719].
• Platina, [616].
• Plato, quoted by St. Bennet, Biscop, [76];
• studied by Othlonus, [335];
• translated by Moerbeka, [441];
• revived study of him at Florence, [613].
• Platonic Academy, [613], [614].
• Pliny, [332].
• Poetry, specimen of Old English, [580-582].
• Poggio Bracciolini, [609].
• Pole, Reginald, [692-701];
• his Provincial Synod, [709];
• death, [710].
• Politian, Angelo, [620-623].
• Politics of the universities, [404-406].
• Pollesworth, school of, [578].
• Polyglot Bible, [652].
• Pomponatus, [659], and note.
• Pomponius Lætus, [616], [617], and note.
• Popes, protectors of learning, [396-398].
• Poppo of Wurtzburg, [260].
• Printing, [593], [635].
• Professors, tyranny of, [525], [660].
• Prohibitory decree of Archbishop Arundel explained, [562].
• Proslogion of St. Anselm, [312].
• Provisors, Statute of, injurious to learning, [560].
• Psalter, the, [21], [178].
• Public schools, [132].
• “Pugio Fidei” by Raymund Martin, [437].
• Quinctilian, [157], [181], [346].
• —— copy of his institutes found in abbey of St. Gall’s, [609].
• Rabanus Maurus, [147-156].
• Radbod, Duke, [93].
• —— Bishop, [257].
• Radewyns, Florentius, [631].
• Ramsey, Abbey of, [221], [315], [461].
• Ratgar, abbot of Fulda, [152].
• Ratpert of St. Gall’s, [270].
• Reading School, [461], [577].
• Realists and Nominalists, [344], [345].
• Reichnau, Monastery of, [173].
• Reform of Chant, [717].
• Reformation, Protestant, [666], [667].
• Remigius of Auxerre, [241].
• Reuchlin, [637].
• Rheims, school of, [241].
• Rhenish Academy, [637].
• Rhetoric, decline of, [378].
• Richard, St., of Chichester, [489], [494].
• Richard l’Evèque, a Paris master, [358].
• Richer of Rheims, biographer of Gerbert, [285];
• his journey, [291].
• Richmond, Countess of, [677].
• Ripon, [66].
• Robert Melun, [356].
• Robert Pullus, or Pulleyne, Cardinal;
• restorer of sacred studies at Oxford, [357], [454].
• Robert of Naples, King, crowns Petrarch, [519], [536].
• —— Grosteste, [483-486].
• Rodolph Agricola, [637].
• —— Langius, [637].
• Romances, [319].
• Romanesque language, [152], [229].
• Roman Academy, [616], [662], [670].
• —— jurisprudence, [391].
• Rome, state of, under Leo X., [658].
• —— sack of, [669], [670].
• Ronsard, poet of the Renaissance, [647].
• Roscelin, the Nominalist, [345].
• Ruodman, of Reichnau, [276].
• Ruysbrock, [630].
• Sadolet, [657], [660], [667], [700], [705].
• Saltzburg, Virgil of, [97], [98].
• Sanctes Pagninus, [658].
• Sannazar, poet of the Renaissance, [661].
• Santeuil, [498].
• Saracens, invasions of the, [232], [246].
• Savonarola, [625-627].
• Saxons, [62], [160].
• “Scale of Perfection,” [583].
• Scepticism, [407], [428].
• Scholastic Philosophy, [360].
• “Scholastic Postils,” by Nicholas de Lyra, [489].
• Schools, ancient Christian, [33].
• —— public, of Charlemagne, [131].
• —— of the Empire, [15].
• “Scotists,” [642], [662].
• Scotus Erigena, [145], [146], and note.
• Scotus, Marianus, [339].
• Scotus, Duns, [496], [505].
• Scriptorium, labours of the, [100], [172], [332], [334].
• Scriptures, study of the, [24], [188], [190].
• —— laid aside by scholars of Renaissance, [624].
• —— translations of the, [340], and note, [563], [635], [636].
• Secret Societies, [407].
• Sedulius, Cœlius, [39].
• Seminaries, ancient Episcopal, [13], [14], [36], [39], [64], [95];
• decline of, [402];
• restoration of, by the Council of Trent, [714];
• Cardinal Pole’s Synodal decree on, [709];
• of St. Charles Borromeo, [721-723].
• Sempringham, school of, [465-468].
• Sens, Council of, condemns Abelard, [352].
• Sentences, the Book of, [363], [364].
• Serfs, education of, [549].
• Servile work explained, [109].
• Seven liberal arts, [179].
• Sidonius Apollinaris, [28].
• Sigebert of Gemblours, [331].
• Sigfrid, Abbot of Jarrow, [76].
• Sigulf, disciple of Alcuin, [121].
• Siricius, Pope, St., his decretal, [12].
• Sixtine, Dr., and Haccombe Church, [684].
• Smaragdus, [135].
• Soissons, school of music, [122].
• Sophocles, studied at Corby, [358].
• Sorbonne, College of, [374].
• Spanish schools of tenth century, [253].
• —— Renaissance, [649].
• “Sparsa Dorsum,” [259].
• “Speculum Stultorum,” [464].
• Stamford schools, [468].
• Standonch, John, [634].
• “Stationarii,” [383].
• State maxims of Paris University, [405], [406].
• Stavelot, Wibald of, [358].
• Stephen III., Pope, [116], [117].
• —— IX., Pope, [327].
• —— of Wurtzburg, [260].
• —— of Lexington, [371].
• —— St. Harding, [372].
• —— of Senlis, [401].
• Strabo, Walafrid, [151], [173], [174].
• Strode, Randolph, [554].
• Sturm, St. founder of Fulda, [104], [105].
• Suidas, his Lexicon translated by Grosteste, [485].
• Summa of St. Thomas, [425].
• —— burnt, [666].
• Syriac, Charlemagne’s knowledge of, [122].
• Tacitus, manuscript of, in Old Corby, [168], [658].
• Tangmar, master of St. Bernward, [264].
• Tenth century, [225].
• Tertullian, on schools of the Empire, [17].
• Thecla, St., disciple of St. Paul, [26].
• —— companion of St. Walburgh, [105].
• Theodore, St., of Canterbury, [66].
• Theodoric, [30].
• Theodulph of Orleans, [133], [134].
• Theology, positive, [187].
• —— scholastic, [364].
• “Theonine tooth” explained, [465], and note.
• Theophania, the Empress, [263].
• Thomas, St., of Canterbury, [358], [362].
• —— Aquinas, [422-432].
• —— of Hereford, [501].
• Thorney Abbey, [223].
• Toledo, Councils of, [13], [14], [717].
• Toul, schools of, [325].
• Toulouse grammarians, [29], [30].
• —— University, [398], and note.
• Tournai, schools of, [342], [344].
• Tours, St. Martin of, [33], [36], [42].
• —— schools of, [33], [36], [42], [137], [144], [233], [304].
• —— Council of, [308].
• Transubstantiation, [220], note, [308].
• Trent, Council of, [708-717];
• Decree on Seminaries, [714].
• —— Decree on justification, [709].
• Trevisa, John of, [544], [545], and note.
• Trinitarian Order, [371].
• Trinity, Holy, Abelard on, [351].
• —— College, Oxford, [711].
• Trivium and quadrivium, [179].
• Tudesque dialect, [125], [126], [171], [229], note.
• Tutilo of St. Gall’s, [271].
• Udalric, St., of Augsburgh, [261], [262].
• “Ungren,” the, [233].
• Universities, rise of, [391];
• Office of, [399];
• and the Divorce, [696];
• reform of, [716].
• Urban IV., Pope, [397].
• Utrecht, School of, [93], [96], [257].
• Vacarius, [393];
• lectures on law at Oxford, [454].
• Vaison, Council of, establishes rural parishes, [11], [13].
• Valence, Council of, condemns Scotus Erigena, [145].
• Valerius, Maximus, copy of, [584].
• Valla, Lorenzo, [609], [610].
• Vatican Library, [604], [652].
• Vaucluse, Petrarch at, [519].
• Vercelli, St. Eusebius of, [33].
• Verdun, schools of, [267].
• Victor, St., [11].
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• Vida, author of the “Christiad,” [658].
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• Vinsauf, Geoffrey of, [393], [461].
• Virgil, early studies of, [41], [79], note, [84], [120], [121], [129], [141], [171], [181], [338].
• —— the false, [29].
• —— St., of Salzburg, [97], [98], and note.
• “Vision of Purgatory,” Wettin’s, [150].
• Vitalian, Pope, [66].
• Vitalis, Odericus, [321-323].
• Vives, Ludovicus, [692].
• Wakefield, Hebrew Professor, [696].
• Wala, [167], [168].
• Walafrid Strabo, [150], [173], [174].
• Walburga, St., [107].
• Wandalbert, scholasticus of Prom, [159].
• Waynflete, [571].
• Wearmouth, [72].
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• Whethamstede, Abbot of St. Alban’s, [584], [585].
• Whitherne, [36].
• Whitland Abbey, [37].
• Wickliffe, [557-566].
• Wigger, a monk of Hildesheim, [266].
• Wilfred, St., [65], [66].
• Wilibald, St., [104].
• Wilibrord, St., [92], [93].
• William, of Aquitaine, Duke, his love of learning, [242].
• ——, of Hirschau, [333], [335].
• William the Conqueror, [310], [316], [373].
• William de Conches, [346].
• William de Champeaux, [348].
• Wimbourne, nuns of, [101], [102].
• Winchcombe, [221], [315], [453], [578].
• Winchester, [220], [569].
• Winfred, [91].
• Winibald, St., [107].
• Wippo, [256].
• Wireker, Nigel, author of Speculum Stultorum, [464].
• Witgard, [303].
• Wittemberg, University of, [644].
• Wolfgang, [260-263].
• Wolsey, [672], [675], [677].
• Woodville, Lord Rivers, [593], [594].
• Writing, art of, [266], [334].
• —— school copy of, [172].
• Wulstan, St., of Worcester, [316].
• Wurtzburg, school of, [260].
• Wykeham, William of, [569-571].
• Xenophon translated, [604].
• Ximenes, Cardinal, [649-653].
• Zachary, Pope, and St. Boniface, [98].
• Zenobius Acciajoli, [626], [658].
• Zodiac, [68].
• Zozimus, Pope, [12].

THE END.

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