NOTES TO ‘EARLY MODES OF NAVIGATION’
P. 189. Steinitz, The Ship: its Origin and Progress (London, 1849), Pl. ii (frontispiece): cf. pp. ix, 4.
Gregory, ‘Expedition to the NW. coast of Australia,’ Roy. Geogr. Soc. Journal, xxxii. (1862) p. 376.
P. 190. Cook, Voyages (ed. London, 1842), vol. i. p. 204.
Kitto, Pictorial Bible, note on 2 Sam. xix. 18.
Pliny, ix. 10 (cf. vi. 24); Diodorus, iii. 21, 5; Strabo, p. 773; turtle-shell boats were in actual use among the ‘Turtle-eaters’ (Chelonophagi) of Carmania and the islands of the Red Sea.
P. 191. Kalm, Travels into North America (London, 1771), vol. ii. pp. 38-9.
Raleigh’s Expedition; Amadas and Barlawe, The First Voyage to the Coasts of America (= Pinkerton (1811), vol. xii. p. 567).
Columbus, The Journal of Christopher Columbus, &c.; transl. Markham (Hakluyt Society, 1893), p. 39, mentions dug-out canoes (cf. pp. 58, 94), but not the use of fire.
Mouat, Adventures and Researches among the Andaman Islanders (London, 1863), pp. 315-6; only hand-hollowing in use in his time: no mention of Blair here: perhaps a verbal communication to the author.
Symes, An Account of an Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava in 1795 (London, 1800), p. 320 (= Pinkerton (1811), vol. ix. p. 500).
Turner, Nineteen Years in Polynesia (London, 1861), pp. 425-6.
P. 192. Wood, Natural History of Man (London, 1868-70), vol. ii. p. 732.
P. 193. Wilkes, United States Exploring Expedition (Philadelphia, 1845), vol. ii. p. 150 (Samoa); vol. v. p. 322 (Manilla); vol. v. p. 353 (Sooloo).
De Guignes, Voyages à Peking, Manille, et l’Ile de France (Paris, 1808), vol. iii. p. 402.
De Morga, The Philippine Islands (1609); transl. by Hon. H. E. Stanley (Hakluyt Society, 1868), p. 272; two types, (a) ‘made of one very large tree’; (b) ‘also vireys and barangays ... joined together with wooden bolts.’
Symes, An Account of an Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava in 1795 (London, 1800), p. 320 (= Pinkerton (1811), vol. ix. p. 500).
P. 194. Turpin, Histoire de Siam (Paris, 1771), vol. i. pp. 34-6.
Pietro della Valle, Viaggi (Brighton, 1843), vol. i. pp. 602-3.
Duarte Barbosa (Magellan), A Description of the Coasts of East Africa and Malabar (1514); transl. by Hon. H. E. Stanley (Hakluyt Society, 1866), p. 9.
Livingstone, Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa (London, 1857), p. 64.
Barth, Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa (London, 1857), vol. ii. p. 469; the tributary is the Faro; Yola is the adjacent town.
Grant, Walk across Africa (London, 1864), p. 304.
Condamine, M. de la, Relation abrégée d’un voyage fait dans l’intérieur de l’Amérique méridionale (Paris, 1745), p. 63 (at Laguna).
P. 195. Wilson, Prehistoric Man (London, 1862), vol. i. p. 169.
Bartram, Travels through N. and S. Carolina, Georgia, &c. (London, 1792), p. 225.
Kalm, Travels into N. America (London, 1771), vol. ii. pp. 240-2.
Pliny, xvi. 40 Germaniae praedones singulis arboribus cavatis navigant, quarum quaedam et triginta homines ferunt.
Keller, Lake Dwellings of Switzerland (transl. by J. E. Lee, 2nd ed., 1878), p. 45, Pl. x. 8.
Sir W. Wilde, Catalogue of the Antiquities of the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy (Dublin, 1863), vol. i. pp. 202-4.
Ware, The Antiquities and History of Ireland (London, 1705), p. 47.
Wilson, Prehistoric Man (London, 1862), vol. i. pp. 153, 160.
P. 197. Cook, Voyages (London, 1842), vol. i. p. 193.
P. 197. Barth, Travels (London, 1857), vol. ii. p. 469.
Byron, An Account of the Voyages undertaken ... for making Discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere ... by Commodore Byron, &c., by John Hawksworth (London, 1773), vol. i. p. 79.
P. 198. Duarte Barbosa, A Description, &c. (Hakluyt Society, 1866), pp. 14-15.
Denham and Clapperton, Travels in Northern and Central Africa (London, 1826), p. 60 (Denham).
Barth, Travels (London, 1857), vol. iii. p. 293.
Grant, Walk across Africa (London, 1864), p. 196.
P. 199. Cook, Voyages (1842), vol. i. p. 425 (Friendly Islands); pp. 95-7 (Otaheite).
La Perouse, Voyage autour du monde (Paris, 1897), Atlas, No. 61.
Wilkes, United States Exploring Expedition (Philadelphia, 1845), vol. i. pp. 331-2 (Wytoohee); vol. ii. p. 157 (Samoa).
P. 200. Williams, Fiji and the Fijians (London, 1858), vol. i. pp. 71-6.
Wilkes, l. c., vol. v. p. 52.
Wallace, The Malay Archipelago (London, 1869), vol. ii. p. 159 (the long journey); p. 92 (nail-less boats); pp. 183-6 (the Ke islanders). [The author’s text has been amended to conform with the statements of Wallace.—Ed.]
P. 201. Dampier, A New Voyage round the World (London, 1729), vol. i. p. 429.
Turpin, Histoire de Siam (Paris, 1771), vol. i. p. 36.
P. 202. Duarte Barbosa (Magellan), A Description, &c. (Hakluyt, 1866), pp. 147-8.
Marco Polo, Travels, transl. by Sir H. Yule (London, 1903), vol. i. p. 108.
P. 203. Lobo, A Voyage to Abyssinia (London, 1735), p. 24.
Isaiah xviii. 2; see Kitto’s Pictorial Bible, note on 2 Sam. xix. 18.
P. 204. Wilson, Prehistoric Man (1862), vol. i. p. 169.
Sir Gardner Wilkinson, The Manners and Customs of Ancient Egypt, 3rd ed., 1878, vol. ii. p. 208, No. 403 (No. 399, 1st ed.).
Lucan, Pharsalia, iv. 136 Conseritur bibula Memphitica cymba papyro.
Plutarch, de Iride et Osiride, 18.
Pliny, vii. 56 Nave primus in Graeciam ex Aegypto Danaus advenit: ante ratibus navigabatur, inventis in Mari Rubro inter insulas a rege Erythra (cf. ix. 10, and note on p. 190 above). Reperiuntur, qui Mysos et Troianos priores excogitasse, cum transirent adversus Thracas. Etiam nunc in Britannico Oceano vitiles corio circumsutae fiunt: in Nilo ex papyro, et scirpo, et arundine. [The quotation, as given in J.A.I., iv. 414, is inaccurate.—Ed.]
Huxley, Trans. Int. Congr. Preh. Arch., Norwich, 1868 (London, 1869), p. 92; see also p. 147 above.
P. 205. Owen, Journ. Anthrop. Inst., vol. iv. p. 240.
Rosellini, Monumenti dell’ Egitto e della Nubia (Pisa, 1834), Mon. Civ., Pl. cxix. 1, cxvii. 3 (= Plate XV. 109-11 herewith).
P. 206. Prideaux; Markham, A History of the Abyssinian Expedition, with a chapter ... by Lieut. W. F. Prideaux (London, 1869), p. 101.
Denon, Voyages dans la Basse et la Haute Égypte (London, 1807), vol. ii. p. 72.
Belzoni, Narrative of Operations and Recent Discoveries ... in Egypt and Nubia (London, 1820), p. 62; (holds nine persons).
Bruce, Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile (London, 1790), vol. v. p. 6.
P. 207. Pliny, xiii. 2 refers to wooden boats; v. 2 to wickerwork: ibi Aethiopicae conveniunt naves: namque eas plicatiles humeris transferunt, quoties ad cataractas ventum est.
Belzoni, Narrative of Operations (London, 1820), pp. 380-1.
Pliny, v. 2 (above). Lucan, Phars. iv. 136 (above).
Herodotus, ii. 96. Wilkinson (Birch), 3rd ed., vol. ii. p. 307.
P. 208. Homer, Odyssey, v. 241-261. Smith, Dict. Gr. and Rom. Antiq., s. v. ‘Navis.’
Nydam boat. Engelhardt, Denmark in the Early Iron Age (London, 1866), pp. 29-39, Pl. i-iv.
Tacitus, Germania, 44.
P. 210. Regnard, Œuvres (Paris, 1854), vol. i, Voyage de Laponie, pp. 51, 100.
Outhier, Journal d’un Voyage au Nord, en 1736 et 1737 (Paris, 1744), pp. 60-1.
Bell, Travels from St. Petersburg in Russia to diverse parts of Asia (Glasgow, 1763), vol. i. p. 168 ff.
Atkinson, Oriental and Western Siberia (London, 1858), pp. 14-15.
P. 211. Belzoni, Narrative of Operations, &c. ... in Egypt and Nubia (1820), p. 62.
P. 212. Wilkes, U. S. Exploring Expedition (Philadelphia, 1845), vol. i. p. 127. [Pritchard.]
Kalm, Travels into North America (London, 1771), vol. ii. p. 298.
Lahontan, New Voyages to North America (London, 1735), vol. i. pp. 26-9.
P. 213. Lane-Fox (Pitt-Rivers), Report of the British Association, Brighton, 1872 (London, 1873), p. 163.
Steinitz, The Ship: its Origin and Progress (London, 1849), Pl. xvi. 6.
P. 214. Layard, Nineveh and its Remains (7th ed., London, 1848), vol. ii. pp. 381-2. Cf. Herodotus, i. 194.
Lempriere, A Tour from Gibraltar to Tangier (London, 1793), p. 421.
P. 215. Herodotus, i. 194.
Kitto, Pictorial Bible, note on 2 Sam. xix. 18. Layard, l. c.
Hamilton (Alexander), A New Account of the East Indies, 1688-1723 (Edinb. 1727), vol. i. p. 88. They are described, even later, by Sir R. K. Porter, Travels in Georgia, &c., 1817-20 (London, 1821-2), vol. ii. p. 260; and figured in Rawlinson, Herodotus (1862), vol. i. p. 268, after Chesney, Expedition for the Survey of the Euphrates and Tigris (London, 1850), vol. ii.
Buchanan, A Journey from Madras through the countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar (London, 1807), vol. ii. pp. 121, 141, 151, 163.
P. 216. Cook, Voyages (London, 1842), vol. ii. pp. 303-4.
Frobisher, The Three Voyages of Martin Frobisher, ed. Collinson (Hakluyt Society, 1867), p. 384.
Kerguelen, Relation d’un voyage dans la mer du Nord (Paris, 1771), pp. 178-9.
Kalm, Travels into North America (London, 1771), vol. ii. p. 241; iii. p. 16.
Wilson, Prehistoric Man (London, 1862), vol. i. p. 148.
P. 217. Caesar, de Bello Civili, i. 54.
Lucan, Pharsalia, iii. 131-5.
Bellenden, The History and Chronicles of Scotland, &c. 1536 (Edinburgh, 1821), vol. i. p. lix.
Sir W. Wilde, Catalogue ... of the Royal Irish Academy (Dublin, 1863), vol. i. p. 204.
Ulloa, A Voyage to South America, 1735 (London, 1807), vol. i. pp. 182-5.
P. 218. Bartolomew Ruiz. See Benzoni, Historia del Mondo Nuovo (Venice, 1572), p. 165 (figure): reproduced in Benzoni (ed. Smyth: Hakluyt Soc., 1857), p. 243: cf. Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America (London, 1886), vol. ii. p. 508 (figure).
Condamine, M. de la, Relation abrégée d’un voyage fait dans l’intérieur de l’Amérique méridionale (Paris, 1745), p. 30 (on the Maranon, not the Chinchipe R.). ‘Un exprès que j’avois dépêché de Tupenda ... avoit franchi tous ces obstacles sur un petit radeau fait avec deux ou trois pièces de bois, ce qui suffit à un Indien nud et excellent nageur, comme ils le sont tous.’
Wilson, Prehistoric Man (London, 1862), vol. i. p. 177.
P. 219. Bonwick, Daily Life of the Tasmanians (London, 1870), p. 51.
Williams, Fiji and the Fijians (London, 1858), vol. i. p. 76.
P. 220. La Perouse, Voyage autour du monde (Paris, 1797), vol. ii. p. 94.
Wilkes, U. S. Exploring Expedition (Philadelphia, 1845), vol. i. p. 331.
Cook, Voyages (London, 1842), vol. i. p. 425.
Wilkes, l. c, vol. ii. p. 151 (Samoa); iii. pp. 365-6 (Fiji); v. pp. 11-12 (Bowditch Island).
P. 221. Dampier, A New Voyage round the World (London, 1729), vol. i. p. 215 (at Guam in the Ladrones; elsewhere he notes them ‘only at Mindanao’ in the Philippines, pp. 298-300).
P. 221. Pigafetta, Voyage round the World (= Pinkerton (1811), vol. xi. p. 325).
Wilkes, U.S. Explor. Exped. (Philadelphia, 1845), vol. v. p. 52 (Kingsmill Is.).
Dampier, A New Voyage, &c. (1729), vol. i. p. 298 (Kingsmill Is., and Ladrones).
Baines, quoted in Wood, Nat. Hist. of Man (London, 1868), vol. ii. p. 8.
Cook, Voyages (London, 1842), vol. i. p. 425.
Wilkes, l. c., vol. iii. p. 365 (Fiji); ii. p. 151 (Samoa).
P. 222. Wilkes, l. c., vol. iii. p. 365 (Fiji); v. p. 52 (Kingsmill).
P. 223. De Guignes, Voyages à Peking, Manille, et l’Ile de France (Paris, 1808), vol. iii. p. 402.
Dampier, A New Voyage round the World (London, 1729), pp. 298-300.
Symes, An Account of an Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava in 1795 (London, 1800), p. 223 (= Pinkerton (1811), vol. ix. p. 455).
P. 226. Wilson, Prehistoric Man (London, 1862), vol. i. p. 175.
Lahontan, New Voyage to North America (London, 1735), vol. i. p. 28.
Lloyd, Journ. Anthrop. Inst., vol. iv. p. 28.
P. 227. Wilkinson (Birch), Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians (3rd ed., London, 1878), vol. ii. p. 219.
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