SUBSTITUTES.
1. What is a Substitute?
A letter representing a sound usually represented by another.
2. What are Equivalent letters?
Letters representing the same sound.
3. What properties do Substitutes assume?
The properties of the letter whose sound it represents.
4. How many Substitutes has a long?
Four.
5. What are they?
E in tete; ei in feint; ey in they; and ao in gaol.
6. How many Substitutes has a middle?
Two.
7. What are they?
E in there; and ei in heir.
8. How many Substitutes has a broad?
Two.
9. What are they?
O in cord; and ou in sought.
10. How many Substitutes has e long?
Three.
11. What are they?
I in marine; ie in fiend; and ay in quay.
12. How many Substitutes has e short?
Two.
13. What are they?
A in says; and u in bury.
14. How many Substitutes has i long?
Two.
15. What are they?
Y in chyme; and oi in choir.
16. How many Substitutes has i short?
Six.
17. What are they?
Y in hymn; e in England; u in busy; o in women; ee in been; and ai in captain.
18. How many Substitutes has o long?
Two.
19. What are they?
Eau in beau; and ew in sew.
20. How many Substitutes has o short?
One.
21. What is it?
A in what.
22. How many Substitutes has u long?
One.
23. What is it?
Ew in new.
24. How many Substitutes has u short?
Three.
25. What are they?
E in her; i in sir; and o in son.
26. How many Substitutes has u medial?
One.
27. What is it?
O in wolf.
28. How many Substitutes has F?
Two.
29. What are they?
Gh in laugh; and ph in philosophy.
30. How many Substitutes has J?
Three.
31. What are they?
G in rage; di in soldier; and d in verdure.
32. How many Substitutes has S?
Two.
33. What are they?
C soft, as in central; and z in quartz.
34. How many Substitutes has T?
One.
35. What is it?
Ed final, after any aspirate except t.
36. How many Substitutes has V?
One.
37. What is it?
F in of.
38. How many Substitutes has W?
One.
39. What is it?
U in quick.
40. How many Substitutes has X?
One.
41. What is it?
Ks in exist.
42. How many Substitutes has Y?
One.
43. What is it?
I in alien.
44. How many Substitutes has Z?
Three.
45. What are they?
S in was; c in suffice; and x in xebec.
46. How many Substitutes has Ch?
Two.
47. What are they?
Ti in question; and t in nature.
48. How many Substitutes has Sh?
Six.
49. What are they?
Ce in ocean; ci in social; si in mansion; ti in motion; ch in chaise; and s in sugar.
50. How many Substitutes has Zh?
Four.
51. What are they?
Si in fusion; zi in brazier; z in azure; and s in rasure.
52. How many substitutes has Ng?
One.
53. What is it?
N generally before palate sounds; as, conquer, etc.
54. What letters have no Substitutes?
B, D, G, H, L, M, N, P, and R.
55. What combinations have no Substitutes?
Th and Wh.
56. Why is X never doubled?
It already represents the sounds of K and S.
57. What letter ends no English word?
J.