Footnotes
[1]. Nephi xiii: 14.
[2]. Mosiah xx.
[3]. Alma xiv.
[4]. Alma xxiv.
[5]. Mosiah xxvii: 18-23.
[6]. Mosiah xxix.
[7]. "Mormonism" (1857) pp. 280-282.
[8]. "The Golden Bible," Rev. M. T. Lamb, (1887), chapter v.
[9]. Elsewhere on the subject of these signs given to the Nephites, I have said: "I think I see something very beautiful and appropriate in these marvelous signs. I think it is fitting that he who is described in the four Gospels as well as in the fifth (III. Nephi, Book of Mormon) as the 'Light and Life of the world,' should have his entrance into earth life proclaimed by a night in which there should be no darkness, and that a new star for a season should appear in the heavens, to be a witness to the people that 'the Life and Light' of mankind had indeed come into the world. And equally appropriate is it that when he who is described as the 'Life and Light of the world' is laid low in death, the world should have the testimony of light eclipsed. I see a beautiful appropriateness in these signs, and in them I see added pictures in the life and career of the Lord Jesus Christ." ("The Fifth Gospel," a Discourse by the writer replying to criticisms of Dr. W. M. Paden on III. Nephi, Defense of the Faith and the Saints, pp. 381-2.)
[10]. III. Nephi xi.
[11]. "The Golden Bible," p. 162.
[12]. Compare II. Kings ii: 7-13 and Acts i: 4-9.
[13]. Compare Acts xix: 11, 12, Acts v: 15 with II. Kings iv: 29.
[14]. Compare Matthew ix: 18-26 with II. Kings iv: 32-37.
[15]. Matthew xiv: 15-21.
[16]. Compare Rev. x: with Ezekiel ii and iii.
[17]. See "The Golden Bible," pp. 273-283.
[18]. Chapter xxxvi this work.
[19]. See Ibid, chapter xxxiv.
[20]. "American Antiquities," p. 355.
[21]. Dictionary of Book of Mormon (Reynolds) p. 223, also Mos. xxviii.
[22]. Mosiah xxvii: 34. I take it that the sons of the king are named in the order of their ages and Ammon is named first.
[23]. Century Dictionary, word Andes. The Encyclopaedia Britannica gives the word "Anti" as the probable origin of the word "Andes;" also "Anta" or "Tapir;" and "Antis" the name of a tribe resident in the mountains of Peru.
[24]. Conquest of Peru, Vol. I., p. 113, note.
[25]. Alma xxiv: 3-5.
[26]. Alma xxiii: 17.
[27]. Alma xx: 4.
[28]. Mormon vi: 14.
[29]. Alma xxxi: 3.
[30]. Alma 56: 4.
[31]. Alma xxxvii: 7.
[32]. Alma 56: 9.
[33]. II. Nephi v: 16.
[34]. "Native Races," (Bancroft), Vol., IV, p. 779.
[35]. "Conquest of Peru," (Prescott), Vol. I., p. 37.
[36]. The argument is briefly stated by Prescott, and he cites Wilkinson's "Ancient Egypt," Vol. III., pp. 246-254.
[37]. "History of Ancient Egypt," George Rawlinson, M. A., Vol. I., p. 97.
[38]. In a note he cites the fact that the British museum possesses several specimens of Egyptian iron, but three of these seven or eight specimens he declares to be of modern date. Vol. I., p. 519.
[39]. "History of Ancient Egypt," Vol. I, pp. 519, 520.
[40]. "Ancient America," (Baldwin), pp. 248, 249.
[41]. "History of America before Columbus," (DeRoo) Vol. I., p. 67.
[42]. Ibid. p. 68, 69.
[43]. "American Antiquities," p. 141.
[44]. Ibid. p. 185.
[45]. Ibid. p. 225.
[46]. Ibid. pp. 238, 239.
[47]. "American Antiquities," pp. 241, 242.
[48]. "American Antiquities," pp. 260, 261.
[49]. Ibid. p. 263.
[50]. Ibid. p. 265.
[51]. Ibid. p. 269.
[52]. "Foot-prints of Vanished Races in the Mississippi Valley," pp. 67, 68.
[53]. Ibid. p. 108, 109.
[54]. Ibid. pp. 109, 110.
[55]. I. Nephi xviii: 25. The animals named in this passage are repeatedly referred to in all parts of the Book of Mormon.
[56]. Ether ix: 18, 19.
[57]. Pre-Historic America, (Nadaillac), pp. 15-28.
[58]. Gen. i: 9.
[59]. Exod. xv: 1, and xiv: 26.
[60]. "Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature," (Kitto), Vol. II., p. 973. He quotes Wilkinson as the authority for the above. Vol. I., p. 289.
[61]. This opinion is defended by Max Schlosser in the "Archiv fur Anthropologie," 1889, s. 132.
[62]. "The American Race," (Brinton), p. 51.
[63]. "Pre-Historic America," (Nadaillac), p. 357.
[64]. "American Antiquities," p. 157.
[65]. Ibid. p. 263.
[66]. "Native Races," Vol. II., pp. 721-722.
[67]. Ether ii:3.
[68]. Following is Campbell's account of the barges: "Moroni writes the Book of Ether, containing an account of the people of Jared, who escaped from the building of the tower of Babel unconfounded in his language. These people of Jared God marched before in a cloud, and directed them through the wilderness, and instructed them to build barges to cross the sea; and finally they built eight barges, air tight, and were commanded to make a hole in the top to admit air, and one in the bottom to admit water;(!) and in them were put sixteen windows of molten stone,(!) which when touched by the finger of Jesus, became as transparent as any glass, and gave them light under 'the mountain waves' and when above the water.(!) * * * * And the eight barges after swimming 344 days, arrived on the coast of the land of promise!"
[69]. "Golden Bible," (Lamb), p. 3.
[70]. Ether 2: 17.
[71]. Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, (Hackett's edition) Vol. III., p. 2178.
[72]. Exodus xxxi: 18.
[73]. Ibid. iii: 2.
[74]. I have usually found in personal controversies on this point, that our opponents depended upon the statement in the Book of Mormon to the effect that these "barges" should be as a "whale in the midst of the sea." (Ether ii: 24). To which the answer is obvious; namely, it does not follow that they were to be like a "tailless," that is to say "redderless," whale.
[75]. I. Nephi xvi, II. Nephi v: 12.
[76]. I. Nephi xviii: 12-21.
[77]. "Story of the Mormons," (Linn) p. 97. This writer attributes the possession of the "compass" to the Jaredites. Whether it is the slip of a careless writer or an effort on his part to make the matter of the "compass" in the Book of Mormon more ancient, is a question for him or his friends to explain. Many other writers in their anxiety to find anachronisms in the Book of Mormon refer to this "compass." Lamb is positively dishonest in the matter, since he assumes the existence of two instruments. One he calls the "Director," and applies to it the description given above in the text, and the other he calls the "Compass," though clearly this latter word is used in an incidental way in describing the "Director." This is the only way he could create the longed for anachronism, and hence he adopted it. This may secure his fame for ingenuity, but what of his honesty? (See "The Golden Bible" Chapter III., Subdivisions "C" and "D").
[78]. "Universal Knowledge," (Chambers) p. 203.
[79]. Following is the method by which he arrives at this conclusion: "The plates of gold measure 7x8 inches, and six inches thick, and are fastened through the back edge with three rings. A box of tin, 10x14, and 3 inches deep, weighs about 125 lbs. gross. The box may weigh 10 lbs., leaving the net weight of tin 115 lbs. Now 10x14x3: 115 :: 7x8x6 : 92 lbs. Had these gold plates been tin, they would have weighed about 90 lbs. But the relative weight of tin and gold is as 19.25 to 7.58. So that 7.58 : 19.25 :: 92 : 220.44. Hence, this mass of gold plates, as they were not so compactly pressed as boxed tin, would have weighed nearly 200 lbs." (Hyde's "Mormonism," p. 244).
[80]. Hyde's "Mormonism," p. 244.
[81]. See this Work, Vol. II, ch. iv.
[82]. This Work, Vol. II, p. 281.
[83]. Ether xv: 30-31.
[84]. I am indebted to the kindness of the late Joseph Rich, son of the late Apostle Charles C. Rich, for these two items. He was kind enough to mark the passages and send me the article from the "Electric Magazine," June, 1892.
[85]. "Difficulties of Infidelity," Sec. I.
[86]. It is a pleasure to note the work of this my brother, and fellow President in the First Council of the Seventies in this field of Book of Mormon labor. I feel myself much indebted to him because of his great achievements in this field of research.
First, for his excellent Book of Mormon Chronological Table, published now for many years in connection with the late Elder F. D. Richards' "Compendium."
Second, for his "Myth of the Manuscript Found."
Third, for his "Dictionary of the Book of Mormon."
Fourth, for a series of articles in the "Contributor," (Vol. 5) on the History of the Book of Mormon.
Fifth, for a second series of articles in the "Contributor" (Vol. 17) under the title "Evidences of the Book of Mormon; Some External Proofs of its Divinity."
Sixth, and last, and greatest achievement of all, I thank him for his "Complete Concordance of the Book of Mormon." The amount of patient, pains-taking labor required for the production of this magnificent work will never be known to the general reader. Only the close student of the Nephite Scriptures will ever really appreciate it. What Cruden and Young have done for Bible students, Elder Reynolds has more abundantly done for Book of Mormon students. The Elders of the Church through all generations to come will, I am sure, feel deeply grateful to Elder Reynolds for his great work which will stand as a monument to his pains-taking habits of thorough application to a task; but what is better still, the work will stand as a monument of his love for the Book of Mormon.
[87]. Studies in Religion, p. 78.
[88]. Cosmic Philosophy, Vol. I., p. 81.
[89]. Ibid. Vol. III., p. 60.1.