The Kindergarten Occupations
The kindergarten gifts proceed, as will have been observed, from the solid through other forms to the point. The objects made with these are but temporary, and the same material may be used again and again.
Parallel with these Froebel devised what he calls the "occupations," which put into permanent shape the ideas expressed by the gifts.
Among the occupations (we will not name all) are: Peaswork, pricking, sewing, weaving, parquetry, pasting, cardboard modeling, sand and clay modeling.
These are arranged in reverse order to the gifts; that is, they proceed from the point to the solid.
Peaswork (Good well-dried peas, wooden toothpicks or hair-wire)
Soak the peas for 10 or 12 hours till soft. Then make a cane of one pea and one stick.
Two peas and one stick will make a dumb-bell.
Three of each will make a triangle.
Make a square in the same way, and then by adding to this other peas and sticks a skeleton chair can be made. All kinds of furniture and geometrical forms may be thus manufactured. The wire or toothpick must be inserted in the cheek of the pea. Watch the child carefully to see that he does not get nervous over the work. Assuming that the peas are in good condition, there should be little trouble if the forms made are simple.
Pricking (Thin white cardboard, long pin, several folds of cloth or a piece of felt)
Froebel recognized the appeal this pastime makes to the mystery-loving child. As sometimes used it may be injurious to nerves or eyesight; but used judiciously the child of five or six will find it a source of harmless entertainment.
Let mother or older brother draw on cardboard a simple strong outline. Provide a strong steel pin (hat-pin or mourning-pin will do) and a piece of folded cloth for a cushion. Follow the outline by pricking in it a succession of holes. The rough side is the right side of the decorated card. The card may be hung up as a transparency, or may be made up into blotter or calendar; or, if the outline be that of a vegetable or a fruit, it will make up into a Thanksgiving place card.
Very beautiful effects are produced by pricking the surface as well as the outline, a form of embossing, but this is a great strain on the nerves. Let the child work for only a few moments at a time, and be sure that the light is good and the drawing is distinct.
Sewing (Cardboard, worsted, silk or chenille, needle, punch)
It is a disputed question now whether or not the cardboard sewing of the kindergarten, once considered so essential, should be used at all. Some condemn it entirely; others use it sparingly. Many replace it with sewing on cloth and other materials soft and flexible, which lend themselves to the kind of stitching required later in everyday sewing. We cannot now enter into the discussion, but common-sense rules here as elsewhere.
Cards with designs already drawn and perforated may be bought, but the mother need not feel that she must depend upon these. Old visiting and invitation cards may be used for the purpose. We give a few examples of objects pretty and useful which may be made of this material. These will suggest others to the active-minded child. Get punch at kindergarten supply store; from 50 cents up.
1. Gift Card. Cut a square of cardboard 5 × 5 inches. With a needleful of red worsted let the child sew upon this card three straight candles in stitches one inch long. You may first punch in the bottom of the card three holes as guides. Put them in a row equidistant from each other. Make parallel to these a row of three dots in pencil. The child will push the needle through one hole from below and put it through the dot above, making his own hole. So proceed till finished. A flame may be drawn with yellow chalk at the upper end of each candle, to make it more realistic. This card may be used to stand a candlestick upon, or to send as a birthday card.
A similar card with the red stitches lying horizontally will picture firecrackers ready to be set off. Use as a mat for a match safe.
2. Cover for Medicine Glass. Draw a circle five inches in diameter. Cut this out. Parallel to the edge draw a circle four inches in diameter. Make dots about ½ inch apart along this second circle. Punch holes through these dots. With worsted, ravelings or chenille let the child sew once around this circle. Then go around the other way to fill up all the gaps left the first time. Use as cover for glass of medicine. Line the bottom with clean, white paper.
Vary by overcasting, or from a central hole take long radiating stitches to the holes in the circumference like the spokes of a wheel.
3. Toy Umbrella. The above circle with spokes may be made into a toy umbrella if a slender stick be run through for a handle. Stick a pin about an inch from the top to keep the umbrella part from slipping down.
4. Bookmark. Cut an oblong card 2 × 6 inches. Draw upon this a row of parallel oblique lines about one inch apart and one inch long. Punch holes through the ends of the lines at the bottom, sew one slanting line to show the child, and let him finish the row. A similar oblong will make a napkin ring if the ends be brought together and tied with the ends of the worsted.
Squares, oblongs, crosses, etc., may thus be punched and sewed.
If no punch is obtainable, make the holes with a coarse needle or strong pin.
Paper Tearing (See [page 54])
Paper Cutting
This is another Froebelian occupation. Some suggestions have been given elsewhere. (See [page 54].) We will speak here of a more definite series of progressive steps.
Take a square of white paper. Fold once to make an oblong. Keep folded and fold once more, which gives a small square. From the corners of this square cut pieces, large or small. Keep these. Open the paper and lay it down. Then arrange around it the cut-off corners to make a design. They may be arranged in a variety of ways. The pieces cut off the corners may be of various shapes.
Vary another square by cutting into it, after it has been folded, triangles or other figures. Open and arrange around it these cut-off pieces. When a satisfactory design has thus been made, it may be pasted on a pleasing background of paper.
In kindergarten training, checked paper is provided and the cuttings are made from lines drawn upon this according to a progressive system.
Parquetry (Colored papers, paste, kindergarten slat or match for paste-stick)
This occupation has its parallel in the tablets. The designs made temporarily with the circles, squares, etc., of wood may be put into more permanent form with the parquetry papers. These are circles, squares, triangles, etc., of colored papers, the unit of size being the inch. There are 1,000 in a package, embracing the six colors—red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet, with two shades and two tints of each, besides neutral tones, and black and white.
1. Easter Card. Give the child an oblong piece of gray cardboard, six inches long, and some yellow circles. Let him paste a row of circles for dandelion heads and then chalk in the green stems. Give to father for an Easter card.
Red and yellow circles may be cut in half and so arranged as to suggest tulips. (See [page 122].)
2. Frieze. Let the child make designs for a frieze for the doll-house parlor, arranging circles and squares successively or alternately on a strip of paper. Or he can make a design for the doll-house kitchen oilcloth by pasting squares or circles (one square or circle surrounded by others) in a square unit.
An inexpensive paste for this work may be made of gum tragacanth. Buy five cents' worth of the powdered gum. Put a tablespoonful into an empty mucilage bottle and fill with water. In a few moments it will dissolve and thicken. Use more or less, according to thickness desired.
Weaving (Colored kindergarten weaving mats, weaving needle)
This is one of the most popular of kindergarten occupations.
Primitive man early learned to interlace the branches of trees to make for himself a shelter, and to weave together coarse fibres to make his crude garments. In course of ages great skill was acquired in thus using all kinds of flexible materials; artistic baskets were produced of raffia and reeds, and fine garments of linen, wool and cotton. Beautiful effects in color and form were introduced, the designs usually having a symbolic meaning.
Froebel devised, for the expression of this natural tendency, a series of exercises with colored paper, which gave practice in selection of color harmonies, in designing, in counting, and which led to skill and neatness in work.
Loom-weaving has been described on another page. ([90].) In many kindergartens it now entirely supersedes the paper-weaving, which we will here briefly describe.
1. If you do not care to buy the regular kindergarten weaving mats, you may use smooth gray or brown wrapping paper cut into four-inch squares. In such a square cut two slits ½ inch apart and one inch long. From some pretty paper cut a strip one inch wide and two inches long and insert in the slit in the mat, pasting the ends of the strip to the under side of the mat.
2. Cut three or four slits in similar mats and weave into them one-inch or half-inch strips, using narrower ones as the child gains skill. Weave such a strip under one and over one; then weave another, under two and over two, etc.; thus a variety of effects may be produced and the child meanwhile has practice incidentally in simple counting. Such a mat may be used to cover a glass of drinking water or medicine glass.
3. A larger mat may be made of pretty paper cut into comparatively fine slits. Paste upon this mat a square of smooth paper as a kind of lining; fold cornerwise and paste two edges together, making a kind of cornucopia.
4. Scent-Bag. A scent-bag may be made by putting between the mat and the lining described above a thin piece of cotton-batting, sprinkled with scent.
5. Oilcloth or Felt. Instead of paper, mats may be woven of plain oilcloth or of felt. Have two colors of each material, one for the mat and one for the strips.
On a 5-inch square of the material draw four parallel lines one inch apart and one inch from the top and bottom. Then using these as guide lines, cut four slits and weave in and out as with the paper weaving. Ribbon may be used for the woof if desired. Such a mat may be used for a lamp-mat or for a flower-pot mat.
Among the reasons for discarding the paper-weaving are the following: The colors are somewhat intense, and it is not always easy to secure good harmonies; the care necessary to avoid tearing the delicate paper and soiling the delicate colors is often a trial to highly-strung children. Therefore they should not work at it too long at a time. A weaving needle comes with the kindergarten weaving papers.
Paper-Folding
We give here only a very few of the innumerable forms which may be made by folding paper according to exact directions. Mother may conduct such a little play while she is sewing and the child is on the floor or at the table. But directions must be exact and explicit. After once having told what to do in quiet, distinct, clear language, do not repeat. Train the child to hear accurately the first time.
Papers in many tones may be obtained from the kindergarten supply stores, but any exact square of white paper or of smooth brown wrapping paper will do.
Place the simple open square before the child, the edge directly in front of him. Call it a tablecloth and ask where the different members of the family sit. If able to wield the scissors, let him fringe the edge all around.
1. Book. Give a second square and, showing him which are the front corners, tell him to take hold of these and fold the paper over so that the front edge is just on a line with the back edge. Let him iron the table cloth (crease the fold with his thumb nail) so as to make a sharp line when opened. This makes a little book or tent. Ask what he can read in the book; who camps out in the tent; etc.
2. Window. Make another tent. Keep the tent in front of the child and tell him to open it and then to fold the left side over so that the left edge exactly meets the right edge. Crease and open, and the result is a window with four panes. Have the child tell what he plays he can see through it.
3. Tunnel. Fold a square once through the middle as before. Open and notice the sharp line made by the crease. Now fold the front edge to meet exactly this line. Open and then fold the back edge to meet this line. Open in such a way that the form when standing makes a little tunnel. Roll a marble under it.
Paper-Folding.
4. Barn. Fold a square into sixteen little squares by making a tunnel in one direction and then folding a tunnel in the other direction, so that the creases cross each other at right angles. Open out and cut from the left edge and from the right edge three slits along the horizontal creases to the first intersecting vertical crease. (See [illustration].) Now fold No. 1 over No. 2 so that one little square exactly covers the other and paste or pin together. Do the same at the other end. This draws the paper into shape of gable roof. Place remaining flaps so that one overlaps the other a trifle, as shown in the illustration. Then cut a door in the side. (See [illustration].) This can be made of a large sheet of strong paper and will house very large paper animals.
5. Sailboat. Place a square of paper directly in front of you. Fold the front edge backward to meet exactly the back edge and crease. Open and fold the left edge over to meet exactly the right edge and crease. Open.
Turn the paper over so that the under side is uppermost, and place so that a corner is directly in front of you. Fold the paper so that the front corner exactly meets the back corner and crease. Open and fold so that the left corner exactly meets the right corner.
You now have a square crossed by two diameters and by two diagonals. Number the corners thus: 1, 2, 3, 4, and the center 0. Take the corners and hold in one hand so that 1-0, 2-0, 3-0 and 4-0 are back to back. Then crease in that position. The form is a square. Lay down so that the folded corner faces you. Fold the loose back corner down to meet the front corner. Then turn over and again fold the remaining back corner down to meet the front corner, and two sails become visible. Fold back one-half of the hull to make a base, and the little boat will stand and move if breathed upon. It can be made water-tight by dipping in melted paraffine. Melt the paraffine by putting it in a double boiler with boiling water beneath.
Cardboard Modeling (Cardboard, knife, pencil, scissors)
This is another of Froebel's materials which is much used in the kindergarten. The regular kindergarten cardboard comes in large sheets measured off into inches, half inches and quarter inches by red and blue lines. These are to assist in the accurate cutting and folding of the stiff paper. The tinted Bristol board obtainable at stationery stores is also much used.
With this simple material older children acquire skill of both hand and eye. The higher school grades are now using it to a great extent in making geometrical figures, thus gaining practice in making objects after first making the working drawings for the same. A tinsmith who has had kindergarten training will find himself better equipped for his life work because of this early experience in cutting and measuring.
The directions here given assume that the unruled cardboard is used.
To score is to make a long shallow cut or scratch in the cardboard with a knife, so that it will bend easily. We give a few simple objects in the order of their difficulty.
1. Book-Mark. Draw an oblong 1 × 8 inches. Cut it out and punch a series of holes down the middle, one inch apart. Run a bit of baby ribbon in and out and thus make a simple book-mark.
2. Toy Wash-Bench. Draw and cut an oblong 1 × 6 inches. Draw a line straight across this one inch from each end, and then score these lines lightly. Bend and you have a wash-bench for doll's house.
3. Sugar-Scoop. Draw and cut an oblong 2 × 4 inches. Draw a line lengthwise through the middle. Score this line, and cut along the score one inch from each end. Score again from each end at right angles to the previous crease. Bend up the scored ends and the side, and paste the flaps together. This may be used for the toy grocery store.
4. Box. Read these directions through once. Then begin and work along as you read again, and all will be clear.
Cut out a square measuring 4 × 4 inches. Place squarely before you, and then on the front edge, one inch from each side, make a dot. On the back edge, one inch from each side, make a dot. Unite the dots at front and back by straight lines. This gives two vertical lines.
Now, on the right hand edge, one inch from each end make a dot, and do the same on the left hand edge. Unite these dots by straight lines, which gives two horizontal lines crossing the ones previously made at right angles. With a sharp knife, and ruler to keep it straight, score along these lines so that they may be readily bent.
Now, from the right edge cut along each horizontal line a slit one inch long. From the left edge cut along each horizontal line a slit one inch long. These cuts will give four flaps. Bend up the four oblong sides and fold each flap over inside the box and paste.
A little experimentation on the part of older children will show how to elongate one side so as to make a cover.
Differences in the proportions of the original piece of cardboard will make boxes of different proportions.
5. Work-Box. Draw a five-inch pentagon. Look up in a geometry to find the rules for doing this.
Upon each side as a base erect another pentagon. Score at the line of junction and bend the side pentagons till the edges meet. In these edges punch holes opposite each other, and through these tie baby ribbon to hold them together.
Clay Modeling (Potter's clay, oilcloth or small smooth board, curtain pole)
Clay is one of the important kindergarten materials, and if used with care need give but little trouble. Buy at kindergarten supply store or art shop.
Take a yard of table oilcloth and sew tapes to the corners so long that the oilcloth may be tied to a table and thus held smooth and firm. When not in use keep rolled up on a curtain-pole, broom-handle or dowel. This preserves it from untimely cracking. Upon this oilcloth the child can easily work with the clay, and the small pieces which may stick to it are readily wiped off with a damp cloth. If preferred, a small board about a foot square may be used instead of oilcloth. The child soon learns not to scatter the pieces. It is well for him to wear a little apron when making his small works of art. When finished with the clay, let him remove as much as possible from the hands as a rule, what remains may be rubbed away with a brisk clapping of the hands or is washed off very readily.
1. If his first impulse is to pound and thump the clay, show the child how pretty things may be made by gently pressing and molding the clay between thumb and fingers. If he is still interested in pounding, show him how to make a sphere by rolling the clay between the palms, and then by striking it four times hard against the table it is transformed into a rough sort of cube which further effort will improve.
2. If he inclines to make a number of balls, show him if possible one of the cheap clay marbles, and tell him to make some like it, though his will have no glazing.
3. If you see that he is rolling the clay into long lengths, suggest that he make a snake or links of a chain.
4. Older children may be shown how to roll it with the palm into long slender cylinders. Then coil these round and round spirally upon themselves and so build up a jar, as certain primitive races do. Then smooth it outside and inside until well shaped.
5. Bowls and crude vases are easily made, and these when dried may be painted and used to hold matches or pencils.
6. Sometimes, to stir the imagination, break off a rough piece of clay and ask the child if it looks like anything to him. If it suggest a bird or fish or fruit, show him how the crude form may be made more nearly perfect.
7. Take a bit of clay and upon it press another bit, and so little by little smooth and press and build up a plaque ½ inch high and four inches square. Upon this as a background, build up in the same way, little by little, a raised leaf, or a geometrical figure, such as a square or a Maltese cross. If a leaf is made, copy from a real leaf.
When thus interested, let the older children read Longfellow's beautiful poem, "Keramis," and the work of the potter will have a meaning it never had before.
The children who thus make crude efforts to express the beautiful gain in power little by little, and will have added capacity to appreciate the wonderful works of art to be seen in every gallery. They will gain in discrimination as to what is really beautiful, and will know how to choose those decorations and ornaments which will make their homes truly artistic.
Clay lends itself so readily to the slightest turn of thought, and is so easily employed by the smallest pair of hands, that it is one of the best materials to give to the little child. He soon learns to tell with it what he may be able to say in no other way.
When ready to put away, break into small pieces, put the pieces together, knead a little till made into a mass, punch a few holes in the mass, fill these with water, put into a stone jar and cover with a damp cloth. Or put the clay into a cloth, dampen, and then, twisting the four corners of the cloth together, drop the mass on the floor. Do this several times and it will be found welded together. Then put into the stone jar. Disinfect clay by exposing to sunshine.
Sand-Table (Kitchen table, saw, boards, nails, zinc)
From Germany we have finally learned the value of the sand-table and the sand-pile as means of development to the child, not to speak of their virtues as pure givers of joy.
Sand-tables may be bought at kindergarten stores, or one may be made of a kitchen table by sawing off the legs to the size which brings the table top within reach of the child. Then the top should be fenced in with boards, from three to six inches high, to keep the sand in. It is a good plan to line the table with zinc, since it is sometimes desirable to have the sand pretty wet, although it generally suffices to make it just damp enough to mold readily. It can be dampened with a sprinkling-can.
1. The child will play a long while without much suggestion. A little pail or bottle to be filled and emptied and refilled will furnish material for his embryonic experiments.
2. A tiny cast-iron spade (price one cent) will add materially to his happiness.
3. Shells and patty-pans of different shapes and convolutions suggest bakery plays, and mother must sample the baby's cookery. When houses and forts and churches are the order of the day, paths must be laid and bordered with stones and shells; twigs and elderberry branches make tiny trees for tiny orchards; and a little pan of water or a bit of mirror makes a wee lake. The kindergarten building gifts make substantial structures, bridges, park-benches, etc. A winding river can be painted with blue paint on the zinc. When the child's imagination flags, a word from the mother or a timely story will start a new series of plays next time.
4. Older children will enjoy reproducing in the sand the hills and valleys of their environment, the roads, woods and streams which they know, etc.
5. Tell of the western plant which, when uprooted from its loose hold in the desert sand, is sent flying by the wind over the sand, and wherever it touches makes a perfect spiral. Let the children make such spirals with a coiled piece of wire.
6. Having noticed the impression made upon the sand by the patty-pans, the child can be led to make designs with them by making a row of impressions equal distances apart, arranging these in twos, in threes, etc.
INDEX
| PAGE | |
| Abacus, | [17] |
| Acquiring Skill with Brush or Pencil, | [74] |
| Aiming Games, | [95], [96], [97] |
| Anagrams, | [102] |
| Apple-biting Contest, | [132] |
| Apple Candlestick, | [24] |
| Apple-seed Penwiper, | [30] |
| Applied Art, | [76] |
| Ash Tray, | [67] |
| Autograph Picture, | [105] |
| Badge, | [123] |
| Baking Pan Papers, | [57] |
| Balls, | [96], [156] |
| Barn, Paper Folding, | [172] |
| Beads, Second Gift, | [159] |
| Bean Bag Games, | [95] |
| Bean Bags, To Make, | [95] |
| Bed-Making, | [145] |
| Bedstead, Dolls, | [87] |
| Bells, | [109], [139] |
| Berry Baskets or Boxes, | [11] |
| Birchbark, | [42] |
| Biscuit, Thimble, | [104] |
| Block Furniture, | [85] |
| Blowing Bubbles, | [51] |
| Blowing Out Candle, | [100] |
| Boat, | [22], [26], [36], [41] |
| Blue Prints, | [52] |
| Bon-bon Papers, | [58], [115] |
| Booklist, | [151] |
| Bookmark, | [58], [174] |
| Border for Sand-table, | [40] |
| Bottling Shells, | [40] |
| Bottling Stones, | [39] |
| Boxes, | [12], [15], [174] |
| Breastpin, | [71] |
| Bristol Board, | [61] |
| Brush, Pencil or, | [73][Pg 182] |
| Bubbles, | [51] |
| Burnt Match Safe, | [34] |
| Butter Dishes, | [41] |
| Butterflies, | [105], [121] |
| Butterfly Party, | [105] |
| Butter Modeling, | [134] |
| Buttons, | [69] |
| Button-Box, | [15] |
| Button Mold Tops, | [70] |
| Button Mold Wheels, | [70] |
| Calendar, | [74], [109] |
| Candle, Blowing Out, | [100] |
| Candle Design, | [55] |
| Candle Making, | [137] |
| Candle Sticks, | [24], [64], [138] |
| Canoe, | [43] |
| Cardboard, | [61] |
| Cardboard Animals, | [63] |
| Cardboard Modeling, | [173] |
| Cardboard Sewing, | [165] |
| Carols, | [138] |
| Carrot Top, | [45] |
| Celluloid Butterflies, | [121] |
| Center Piece, Pumpkin, | [135] |
| Cereal Boxes, | [32] |
| Chains, | [56], [115] |
| Chased by a Goose, | [78] |
| Checkerboard, | [62] |
| Cherry Stone Game, | [99] |
| Chicken Coop, | [13] |
| Chicken, Easter, | [122] |
| Chicken, Squash Seed, | [29] |
| Child's Library, The, | [149] |
| Chinese Kite, | [66] |
| Chinese Toy, | [64] |
| Christmas, | [136] |
| Cigar-Box Bedstead, | [87] |
| Cigar-Box Dollhouse, | [82] |
| Circle Tag, | [92] |
| Classifying, | [39], [40], [48] |
| Clay, | [176] |
| Clay-pipe Doll, | [80] |
| Clock, Paper, | [86][Pg 183] |
| Clothespin Doll, | [80] |
| Clothespin Race, | [94] |
| Clover, Four-leaf, | [48] |
| Collecting, | [39], [40], [48] |
| Color Top, | [75] |
| Colors, Matching, | [71] |
| Cork, | [36] |
| Cork Doll, | [81] |
| Corn, | [18] |
| Corncobs, | [18] |
| Corncrib, | [18] |
| Cornhusks, | [18] |
| Cornstalks, | [135] |
| Counters for Games, | [28], [62], [69] |
| Countess of the Huggermuggers, | [100] |
| Counting Ball, | [96] |
| Cover for Medicine Glass, | [166], [170] |
| Cradle, Egg Shell, | [25] |
| Cranberries, | [136] |
| Croquet with Peas, | [98] |
| Cross Tag, | [93] |
| Cup and Ball, | [96] |
| Curtains for Dollhouse, | [87] |
| Cutlery, Toy, | [36] |
| Cutting Paper, | [54], [167] |
| Darning Egg, | [44] |
| Decorated Note-Paper, | [109] |
| Decoration Day, | [123] |
| Decorative Cherries, | [114] |
| Decorative Leaves, | [47] |
| Designs, | [21], [28], [77] |
| Dinner Souvenirs, | [120], [130], [134] |
| Dishes, Tin-foil, | [35] |
| Dish-washing, | [143] |
| Distances, Guessing, | [72] |
| Doll Furniture, | [15], [37], [85] |
| Doll-Houses, | [82] |
| Doll Park, | [89] |
| Dolls, | [80] |
| Donkey Game, | [100] |
| Drawing, | [31], [72] |
| Drums, | [125] |
| Ducking for Apples, | [131][Pg 184] |
| Dusting, | [147] |
| Easter, | [120] |
| Easter Card, | [122], [168] |
| Easter Chicken, | [122] |
| East Indian Fan, | [43] |
| Edam Cheese Lantern, | [34] |
| Egg-shell Boat, | [26] |
| Egg-shell Cradle, | [25] |
| Egg-shell Game, | [99] |
| Egg-shell Garden, | [25] |
| Eggs, Humpty Dumpty, | [26] |
| Egg-shell, To Blow, | [25] |
| Egg-shells, | [25], [26], [99] |
| Eighth Gift Plays, | [162] |
| Elevator, Toy, | [71] |
| Epaulettes, | [56] |
| Experiments with Color, | [75] |
| Expression with Pencil and Brush, | [73] |
| Fairy Tales, Myths, etc., | [151] |
| Fan, | [43], [63] |
| Feather, Corn-husk, | [18] |
| Feather Flowers, | [49] |
| Felt Mats, | [170] |
| Fence, | [11], [19] |
| Festival Occasions, | [107] |
| Festoons, | [47] |
| Firecracker Designs, | [55] |
| Firecracker, Imitation, | [124] |
| First Gift Balls, | [156] |
| Flags, | [119] |
| Flower-Pot, | [35] |
| Flower Rack, | [37] |
| Flowers, Feather, | [49] |
| Flowers, Pressing, | [51] |
| Foot-ball, Egg, | [99] |
| Fortune Telling, | [131] |
| Fourth of July, | [124] |
| Frieze, | [48], [168] |
| Fringed Bon-bon Papers, | [58], [115] |
| Furniture, | [15], [20], [37], [85] |
| Games and Plays, | [92], [157], [158], [161][Pg 185] |
| Gift Card, | [166] |
| Gifts, Kindergarten, | [155] |
| Go-Bang Board, | [61] |
| Good Luck Pigs, | [109] |
| Gourds, | [44] |
| Grace Hoops, | [97] |
| Grocery Store, | [88] |
| Guess Ball, | [96] |
| Guessing Distances, | [72] |
| Hallowe'en, | [131] |
| Hammering Soap, | [31] |
| Handkerchief Box, | [42] |
| Hanging Basket, | [15], [35], [44] |
| Hearts, | [110] |
| History and Biography Books, | [152] |
| Home Tasks, | [141] |
| Honey, Weighing, | [103] |
| House, Cob, | [19] |
| House, Doll's, | [33], [82] |
| Household Duties, | [141] |
| Humpty Dumpty Eggs, | [26] |
| Imitation Water, | [31] |
| Independence Day, | [124] |
| Indian Head-dress, | [50] |
| Ironing, | [146] |
| Jack O'Lantern, | [135] |
| Jackstones, | [39] |
| Japanese Tag, | [93] |
| Key-Basket, The, | [141] |
| Kindergarten Materials—Gifts, | [155] |
| " " —Occupations, | [164] |
| Kite, | [60], [66] |
| Labor Day, | [128] |
| " " Dinner, | [130] |
| " " Parade, | [129] |
| Lacy Valentine, | [111] |
| Lamp Mats, | [170] |
| Lamp, Toy, | [86][Pg 186] |
| Lantern, | [33], [34], [139] |
| " Toy, | [24] |
| Learning to Observe, | [73] |
| Leaves, to Dry and Press, | [47] |
| Lentils, | [163] |
| Library, The Child's, | [149] |
| Looms, | [90] |
| Man, Prunes, Raisins, | [27] |
| Masks, | [57] |
| Matching Colors, | [71] |
| Matchsafe, | [34], [177] |
| Mats, | [18], [46], [170] |
| Medicine Glass Cover, | [166], [170] |
| Memorial Day, | [123] |
| Merry-Go-Round, Dolls', | [89] |
| Midnight Watching, | [109] |
| Mirror, Toy, | [36] |
| Money, Toy, | [36], [58] |
| Morning Glories, Pressed, | [51] |
| Moving Van, | [32] |
| Music Books, | [154] |
| Nature Books, | [153] |
| Needle Case, | [42] |
| Needles, | [71] |
| New Year's Bells, | [109] |
| " " Day, | [108] |
| Newspaper Wrappers, | [57] |
| Numeral Frame, | [17] |
| Nuts, | [22] |
| Occupations, Kindergarten, | [164] |
| Oilcloth Mats, | [170] |
| Oiled Paper, | [87] |
| Omnibus Swing, | [101] |
| Orange Basket, | [24] |
| Paint-Box, The, | [73] |
| Paint-Brush Box, | [43] |
| Painting from Object, | [73] |
| " Wagons or Houses, | [76] |
| Paper, | [54] |
| Paper Chains, | [56], [115][Pg 187] |
| Paper Cutting, | [54], [167] |
| Paper Doll, | [81] |
| Paper Folding, | [171] |
| Paper Furniture, | [85] |
| Paper Lanterns, | [118] |
| Paper Mats, | [169] |
| Paper Money, | [58] |
| Paper-Weight, | [40] |
| Papering House, | [85] |
| Papers for Baking Pans, | [57] |
| Park for Dolls, | [89] |
| Parquetry, | [168] |
| Parties, Suggestions for, | [103] |
| Paste, | [169] |
| Pasteboard Doll House, | [82] |
| Paste Stick, | [14] |
| Path Borders or Markers, | [39] |
| Pea Furniture, | [164] |
| Peanut Animals, | [23] |
| " Doll, | [80] |
| " Party, | [103] |
| Pea Pod Boat, | [16] |
| Peas, | [16] |
| Peaswork, | [164] |
| Pebbles, | [39] |
| Pegboard, | [160] |
| Pencil Box, | [43] |
| Pen Tray, | [67] |
| Penwiper, | [42] |
| Perforating or Pricking, | [133], [165] |
| Piano Scarf, | [41] |
| Picture Books, | [153] |
| Picture Frames, | [13], [44], [46] |
| Picture Story, | [78] |
| Pictures of Seedling, | [74] |
| Pigments, | [75] |
| Pincushion, | [41] |
| Pin Tray, | [41] |
| Place or Luncheon Cards, | [76], [108], [113], [119], [121], [127], [130], [133] [134], [136] |
| Plays or Games, | [92] |
| Plays with Gifts, | [161] |
| Plumes for Hat, | [55] |
| Poetry Books, | [123], [153][Pg 188] |
| Pop-corn Balls, | [22] |
| Pop-corn Chains or Festoons, | [22], [139] |
| Portieres, | [21] |
| Post Fence, | [19], [160] |
| Potato Horse, | [17] |
| " Race, | [94] |
| Pressed Leaves, | [47] |
| Pressed Morning Glories, | [51] |
| Pricking, | [133], [165] |
| Prism, | [75] |
| Prunes, | [27] |
| Pulley, Toy, | [71] |
| Pumpkin Basket or Center Piece, | [135] |
| Races, | [94] |
| Racing Tag, | [93] |
| Raffia, | [45] |
| Rafts, | [19], [36] |
| Rag Doll, | [82] |
| Raisins, | [27] |
| Ramekin Dishes, | [41] |
| Reading, | [123], [133], [140], [177] |
| Red Pepper Lantern, | [24] |
| Reins, | [46] |
| Ring Toss, | [97] |
| Road Roller, Spool, | [71] |
| Rockets, Imitation, | [127] |
| Room Decorations, | [132], [135] |
| Rope and Sandbag, | [101] |
| Rose-haw Chains or Rosaries, | [51] |
| Rosettes, | [126] |
| Rug Design, | [77] |
| Rugs, | [90] |
| Sailboat, | [23], [36], [173] |
| St. Patrick's Day, | [119] |
| " " " Dinner, | [120] |
| St. Valentine's Day, | [110] |
| " " Dinner, | [112] |
| Salt, | [34] |
| Salt Dishes, | [41] |
| Sand, | [178] |
| Sand Table, | [178] |
| Saved from the Scrap Basket, | [53][Pg 189] |
| Scales, Toy, | [88] |
| Scent Bag, | [170] |
| Scissors, Drawing, | [72] |
| Scrap Books, | [68] |
| Screen, Toy or Miniature, | [63], [122] |
| Second Gift Plays, | [157], [158] |
| Second Gift Beads, | [159] |
| Seedling, Drawing of, | [74] |
| Seed-markers, | [11] |
| Seeds, | [27] |
| Seventh Gift, Tablets, | [162] |
| Sewing, | [165] |
| Sewing Basket, The, | [69] |
| Shadow Game, | [52] |
| Shamrock, | [119] |
| Shells, | [40] |
| Shields, | [127] |
| Snowball, | [137] |
| Snowflakes, | [59] |
| Soap, | [31] |
| Soap Box Doll House, | [84] |
| Soldiers Caps, etc., | [55] |
| Soldier-Flowers, Milkweed, | [51] |
| Spiderweb Party, | [104] |
| " Valentine, | [111] |
| Spinning Buttons, | [69], [70] |
| Sponge Garden, | [120] |
| Spools, | [70] |
| Squash Animals, | [17] |
| Squash Seed Chicken, | [29] |
| Stained Glass Windows, | [77] |
| Sticks, Kindergarten, | [156], [162] |
| Stones and Pebbles, | [39] |
| Stove, Toy, | [86] |
| Strawberry Boxes, | [11] |
| Straws, | [51] |
| Stringing, | [21], [27], [51], [69], [136] |
| Sugar Scoop, | [174] |
| Suggestions for Parties, | [103] |
| Sun and Shadow, | [52] |
| Sunday-School Helps, | [154] |
| Surprise Walnuts, | [23] |
| Sweeping, | [147] |
| Sweet Potato Animals, | [17][Pg 190] |
| Sweet Potato Vine, | [45] |
| Swimming Float, | [37] |
| Swing, Omnibus, | [101] |
| Table Serving, | [143] |
| Table Setting, | [142] |
| Tablets, Kindergarten, | [162] |
| Tag, | [92] |
| Tailless Kite, | [60] |
| Target, Spool, | [70] |
| Tearing Paper, | [54] |
| Telephone Toy, for Doll House, | [87] |
| Tents, Paper, | [116] |
| Thanksgiving, | [133] |
| Thimble Biscuit Party, | [104] |
| Threading Needles, | [72] |
| Tiling, Doll House, | [85] |
| Tin Cans, | [34] |
| Tin-foil, | [35] |
| Top, | [70], [75], [77] |
| Tower Target, Spool, | [70] |
| Toy Vegetables, | [40] |
| Transparency, | [47] |
| Transparent Papers, | [75] |
| Tree-Boxes, | [70] |
| Tunnel, Paper, | [172] |
| Turnip Basket, | [45] |
| Turtle, | [27] |
| Umbrella, Toy, | [167] |
| Valentine Party Dinner, | [112] |
| Valentines, | [110] |
| Vegetable Animals, | [17] |
| Vegetables, | [45] |
| " Toy, | [40] |
| Wagon, | [14], [32] |
| Walnut Boats, | [23] |
| " Surprise, | [23] |
| Washing, | [146] |
| Washbench, Cardboard, | [174] |
| Washington's Birthday, | [113] |
| Water-color Cups, | [40][Pg 191] |
| Water, Imitation, | [31] |
| Waxed Leaves, | [47] |
| Weaving, | [90], [169] |
| Weighing Honey, | [103] |
| Wheels, | [14], [32], [35] |
| Windows, | [77], [87] |
| Wishbone Doll, | [80] |
| Work Box, | [175] |
| Worsted Mats, | [90] |
| Yarn Doll, | [81] |
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE:
Obvious printer's errors in the original publication have been corrected without comment.
Inconsistencies in the author's spelling, use of hyphens and other punctuation are retained as in the original work.
Blank pages have been removed, resulting in some missing page numbers.