Critical and Historical Essays, Volume III (of 3)

by Baron Thomas Babington Macaulay Macaulay

FOOTNOTES:

[21]

1. Correspondence of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. 4 vols. 8vo. London: 1840.

2. Letters of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford, to Sir Horace Mann. 4 vols. 8vo. London: 1843-4.

[22] In the reign of Anne, the House of Lords had resolved that, under the 23rd article of Union, no Scotch peer could he created a peer of Great Britain. This resolution was not annulled till the year 1782.

END OF THE CRITICAL AND HISTORICAL ESSAYS

INDEX TO THE ESSAYS

• A priori reasoning, defects of, i. 385.
  • Absolute uselessness of in political science, 394.
• Abbé and Abbot, difference between, ii. 129.
• Absalom and Achitophel, Dryden's, i. 231.
• Academy, the, character of its doctrines, ii. 450.
• Addison, Joseph, birth and education, iii. [400].
  • Life at Magdalen College, [401].
  • Knowledge of the Latin poets, [402].
  • Poems of, [406].
  • Complimented by Dryden, [408].
  • Drawn into political life by Charles Montague, [409].
  • Pensioned and sent abroad to study, [411].
  • Introduced to Boileau, [413].
  • Travels in Italy, [416].
  • Loses his pension, [422].
  • Returns to England through Germany, [423].
  • Writes The Campaign, [426].
  • Publishes his Narrative of Travels in Italy, [430].
  • Opera of Rosamond, [431].
  • Not fitted for prominence in Parliament, [433].
  • Conversational gifts, [436].
  • His timidity, [437].
  • His friends, [438].
  • Goes to Ireland as Chief Secretary, [441].
  • Contributes to the Tatler, [443].
  • His humor compared to that of Swift and Voltaire, [445].
  • Value of his essays in elevating literary taste, [447].
  • Dismissed from office, [450].
  • Enters Parliament again, [451].
  • His Spectator papers, [454].
  • Contributes to the Guardian; his tragedy of Cato, [457].
  • Again Chief Secretary of Ireland, [465].
  • Friendship with Swift, [466].
  • His comedy The Drummer played; starts the Freeholder, [467].
  • His quarrel with Pope, [469].
  • Accused of retaliating on Pope, [474].
  • Marries the Dowager Countess of Warwick, [476].
  • Becomes Secretary of State, [477].
  • His troubles with Steele, [479].
  • Answers Steele's arguments against the bill for limiting the number of the Peers, [481].
  • Dedicates his works to Craggs, [482].
  • His piety, [483].
  • Death, [484].
  • His services to literature, [486].
• Addison, Rev. Lancelot, life, iii. [399].
• Adiaphorists, the, ii. 68.
• Æschylus, Quintilian's opinion of, i. 42.
  • His use of the supernatural, 106.
• Afghanistan, monarchy of, analogous to that of England in the sixteenth century, ii. 80.
• Aikin, Lucy, her life of Addison reviewed, iii. [396].
• Aix, island of, captured, ii. 276.
• Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, iii. [270].
• Akenside, his Epistle to Curio, ii. 222.
• Albigensian Crusade, iii. [9-11].
• Alexander the Great, compared with Clive, ii. 760.
• Alfieri, Vittorio, first to appreciate Dante, i. 6.
  • Influenced by the school of Plutarch, 256.
  • Comparable to Cowper, 591.
• Alphabetical writing, the greatest of human inventions, ii. 460.
  • Comparative views of its value by Plato and Bacon, 460, 461.
• Anabaptists, their origin, ii. 72.
• Anacharsis, reputed contriver of the potter's wheel, ii. 447.
• Anaverdy Khan, governor of the Carnatic, ii. 685.
• Angria, his fortress of Gheriah, reduced by Clive, ii. 700.
• Anne, Queen, her political and religious inclinations as Queen, ii. 176.
  • Changes in her government in 1710, 177.
  • Relative estimation by the Whigs and the Tories of her reign, 178-186.
• Annus Mirabilis, Dryden's, i. 215.
• Anytus, first briber of Athenian judges, ii. 431.
• Apostolical succession, claimed by Mr. Gladstone for the Church of England, ii. 645.
• Aquinas, Thomas, ii. 482.
• Archimedes, his slight estimate of his inventions, ii. 457.
• Archytas, rebuked by Plato, ii. 457.
• Arcot; Nabob of, his relations with England, ii. 685-692.
  • His claims recognized by the English, 687.
• Argyle, Duke of, secedes from Walpole's administration, ii. 241.
• Ariosto, rises above Petrarch's influence, i. 5.
• Aristotle, his unrivalled excellence in analysis and combination, i. 40.
  • Value of his general propositions, 41.
  • His enlightened and profound criticism, 41.
  • His authority impaired by the Reformation, ii. 454.
• Arithmetic, comparative estimate of, by Plato and by Bacon, ii. 456.
• Arlington, Henry Bennet, Lord, his character, ii. 523.
  • His coldness for the Triple Alliance, 530.
  • His impeachment, 546.
• Arragon and Castile, their old institutions favorable to public liberty, ii. 137.
• Arrian, authenticity his only merit as an historian, i. 251.
• Art, rise of, in Italy, i. 148.
  • Need of skill for perfection in, 200.
• Art of War, Machiavelli's, i. 175.
• Arundel, Earl of, ii. 443.
• Asaph-ul-Dowlah, prince of Oude, taxed by Hastings, iii. [188].
  • Agrees to plunder the Begums, [189].
  • Method used, [191].
• Assemblies, deliberative, ii. 273.
• Astronomy, comparative estimate of, by Socrates and by Bacon, ii. 459.
• Athenian Orators, On the, i. 40-55.
• Athenians, oratory unequalled, i. 45.
  • Their taste and knowledge, 46.
  • Method of education, 47.
• Athens, eloquence at, i. 51.
  • Progress of her oratory kept pace with her decay, 52.
  • Ostracism at, 64.
  • Her freedom and happiness, 68.
  • Cruelty excusable, 69.
  • Evil of slavery, 71.
  • Permanent effect of her intellectual power, 80.
• Attainder, act of, ii. 39, 40.
• Aubrey, charges Bacon with corruption, ii. 425.
  • Bacon's decision against him after his present, 440.
• Aurungzebe, his policy, iii. [680].

• Baber, founder of the Mogul Empire, iii. [679].
• Bacon, Lady, mother of Francis Bacon, ii. 368.
• Bacon, Francis, review of Basil Montagu's new edition of his works, ii. 357-497.
  • His father, 362-368.
  • His mother distinguished as a linguist, 368.
  • His early years, 371-374.
  • His services refused by Government, 374, 375.
  • His admission at Gray's Inn, 375.
  • His legal attainments, 375, 376.
  • Sat in Parliament in 1593, 377.
  • Part he took in politics, 378.
  • His friendship with the Earl of Essex, 382-389.
  • Examination of his conduct to Essex, 390-397.
  • Influence of King James on his fortunes, 399.
  • His servility to Lord Southampton, 400.
  • Influence his talents had with the public, 400.
  • His distinction in Parliament and in the courts of law, 402.
  • His literary and philosophical works, 402.
  • His "Novum Organum," and the admiration it excited, 403.
  • His work of reducing and recompiling the laws of England, 403.
  • His tampering with the judges on the trial of Peacham, 404-408.
  • Attaches himself to Buckingham, 410.
  • His appointment as Lord Keeper, 413.
  • His share in the vices of the administration, 414.
  • His animosity towards Sir Edward Coke, 419.
  • His town and country residences, 420, 421.
  • His titles of Baron Verulam and Viscount St. Albans, 421, 422.
  • Report against him of the Committee on the Courts of Justice, 424.
  • Nature of the charges, 425.
  • Overwhelming evidence to them, 426, 427.
  • His admission of his guilt, 427.
  • His sentence, 428.
  • Examination of Mr. Montagu's arguments in his defence, 429-440.
  • Mode in which he spent the last years of his life, 441, 442.
  • His death, 443.
  • Chief peculiarity of his philosophy, 444-455.
  • His views compared with those of Plato, 456-465.
  • To what his wide and durable fame is chiefly owing, 469.
  • His frequent treatment of moral subjects, 472.
  • His views as a theologian, 474.
  • Vulgar notion of him as inventor of the inductive method, 475.
  • Estimate of his analysis of that method, 475-484.
  • Union of audacity and sobriety in his temper, 484.
  • His amplitude of comprehension, 485.
  • His freedom from the spirit of controversy, 487.
  • His eloquence, wit, and similitudes, 487, 488.
  • His disciplined imagination, 490.
  • His boldness and originality, 491.
  • Unusual order in the development of his faculties, 492.
  • Specimens of his two styles, 493.
  • Value of his Essays, 494.
  • His greatest performance the first book of the Novum Organum, 495.
  • Contemplation of his life, 496, 497.
• Bacon, Sir Nicholas, ii. 362-368.
  • Character of the class of statesmen to which he belonged, 363.
  • Classical acquirements of his wife, 368.
• Baconian philosophy, its chief peculiarity, ii. 444.
  • Its essential spirit, 448.
  • Its method and object, 455, 456.
  • Comparative views of Bacon and Plato, 456-465.
  • Its beneficent spirit, 462, 465, 468, 469.
  • Its value compared with ancient philosophy, 465-478.
• Banim, Mr., defends James II. as a supporter of toleration, ii. 330.
• Barcelona, captured by Peterborough, ii. 161-164.
• Barère, Bertrand, Mémoires de, reviewed, iii. [487-590].
  • Approached nearest to the idea of universal depravity, [489].
  • His natural disposition, [490].
  • Greatest liar known, [493].
  • His false account of Marie Antoinette's death, [494].
  • Of the proceedings against the Girondists, [497].
  • Birth and education, [499].
  • Marriage, [500].
  • First visit to Paris, [501].
  • Elected to the States General, [502].
  • Position there, [503].
  • Becomes a justice, [507].
  • Chosen to the second convention, [510].
  • At first a Girondist, [515].
  • Accused of royalist sympathies, [518].
  • A federalist, [520].
  • Opposes the Jacobins, [521].
  • On the Committee of Public Safety, [522].
  • Supports the Girondists against the Paris authorities, [523].
  • Feeling of parties toward, [526].
  • Goes over to the Jacobins and accuses the prominent Girondists, [527].
  • Raves against Marie Antoinette, [528].
  • Style of oratory, [529].
  • His bloodthirsty ferocity, [539].
  • Sensual excesses, [541].
  • His delight in murder, [543].
  • Urges war without quarter, [546].
  • Admitted to the Jacobin club, [547].
  • Urges the strengthening of the Revolutionary Tribunal, [553].
  • Deserts Robespierre, [554].
  • Attacked in the convention, [559].
  • Arrested, [561].
  • Enmity shown him on his way to the prison at Oléron, [563].
  • Escapes, [564].
  • The Council of Five Hundred refuses to seat him, [565].
  • Scorned but employed by Bonaparte, [568].
  • Perhaps employed as a censor, [571].
  • His rôle of spy, [573].
  • Reports on public opinion, [575].
  • His newspaper, [576].
  • His reports refused a reading, [579].
  • His double treason, [580].
  • Becomes a royalist in 1814, [580].
  • Exiled, [582].
  • Turns Jacobin under Louis Philippe, [583].
  • His ignorance and hatred of the English, [587].
  • His professions of Christianity, [589].
• Barillon, M., French ambassador, his opinion of the council proposed by Sir William Temple, ii. 556, 564.
• Barwell, Mr., made councillor in India, iii. [144].
  • Supports Hastings, [148].
• Baxter, Richard, his testimony to the excellence of Hampden, ii. 4.
• Beatrice, Dante's devotion to, i. 11.
• Beaumarchais, his suit before the Parliament of Paris, ii. 440, 441.
• Bedford, Duke of, head of a Whig faction, iii. [600].
  • Opposed to Pitt's war policy, [613].
  • His party compared to Rockingham's, [654].
• Bedford, Earl of, invited by Charles I. to form an administration, ii. 40.
• Bellasys, General, ii. 156.
• Belphegor, Machiavelli's, i. 168.
• Benares, its wealth, iii. [178], [179].
  • Relation of the English to, [180].
  • Revolution in, on the arrest of Cheyte Sing, [185].
  • Conquered and added to British dominion, [187].
• Benevolences, Oliver St. John's opposition to, and Bacon's support of, ii. 403.
• Bengal, its resources, ii. 700, 701.
  • Internal government of, iii. [127-129].
  • Competition for minister-ship, [129].
  • Character of its people, [130].
  • Hastings gains control of, [134].
• Bentham, Jeremy, his character, i. 424.
  • His defence of James Mill, 425.
  • His argument over despotism, 426.
  • Refuted, 427.
  • His condemnation of the theory of saturation met, 430.
  • His evasion of the power of public opinion displayed, 432.
  • Charges the "Edinburgh Review" with evasion, 435.
  • On Woman Suffrage, 438.
  • On the poor plundering the rich, 439.
  • Defence of a theory of government founded on certain propensities of human nature, 442.
  • Refutation of the same, 445.
  • His "greatest happiness principle," 448.
  • His authorship of the defence of Mill denied, 458.
  • His greatness; his literary partnership with Dumont, ii. 96-98.
  • On the French Revolution, 294.
• Bentinck, Lord William, his memory cherished by the Hindoos, ii. 762.
• Bentivoglio, Cardinal, on the state of religion in England in the sixteenth century, ii. 84.
• Bentley, Richard, his quarrel with Boyle, and remarks on Temple's Essay on the Letters of Phalaris, ii. 593-595.
• Berwick, Duke of, checks the allies, ii. 158.
  • His retreat before Galway, 166.
• Bible, the English, its excellence, i. 210.
• Bishops, claims of those of the Church of England to apostolical succession, ii. 246.
• Black Hole of Calcutta, described, ii. 704.
  • Retribution of the English for its horrors, 706, 710, 712-715.
• Blackstone, Sir William, ii. 356.
• Bodley, Sir Thomas, ii. 403, 443.
• Boileau, Nicolas, introduced to Addison, iii. [413].
  • His contempt for modern Latin poetry, [414].
• Bolingbroke, Lord, proposes to strengthen the royal prerogative, ii. 211.
  • His method of reform, iii. [610].
• Bonaparte, Napoleon, becomes first consol, iii. [566].
  • His scorn of Barère, [568].
  • Employs Barère as a writer and a spy, [569].
  • His opinion of Barère as a writer, [577].
  • Refuses to accept his reports, [579].
• Book of the Church, Southey's, i. 500.
• Borgia, Cæsar, his triumph and failure, i. 170.
• Boroughs, rotten, abolition of, ii. 220.
• Boswell, James, his life of Johnson, ii. 691.
  • His work expurgated by Croker, 707.
  • And interpolated with extracts from other authors, 708.
  • His mean character, 711.
  • Lack of talent, 714.
  • Not ill-natured, 716.
• Bourbon, House of, its vicissitudes in Spain, ii. 148-175.
• Boyle, Charles, nominal editor of the Letters of Phalaris, ii. 236, 237.
  • "Boys," the, oppose Sir R. Walpole, ii. 216, 252.
• Brahmin, fable of a pious, i. 546.
• Breda, treaty of, ii. 527.
• Brihuega, siege of, ii. 174.
• "Broad Bottom Administration, The," ii. 255.
• Brown's Estimate, ii. 266.
• Brussels, seat of a viceregal court, ii. 526.
• Buchanan, character of his writings, ii. 455.
• Buckingham, Duke of, the "Steenie" of James I., ii. 14.
  • Bacon's early discernment of his influence, 410.
  • His expedition to Spain, 411.
  • His return for Bacon's patronage, 412.
  • His corruption, 415.
  • His character and position, 415, 420.
  • His marriage, 423, 424.
  • His visit to Bacon, and report of his condition, 426.
• Budgell, Eustace, a relation of Addison, iii. [458].
• Bunyan, John, Southey's life reviewed, i. 743-758.
  • His Pilgrim's Progress, 745-749.
  • An excitable man in an age of excitement, 751.
  • Not vicious, 752.
  • His internal conflicts, 753.
  • Style delightful. 757.
• Burgoyne, General, chairman of the committee of inquiry on Lord Clive, ii. 756.
• Burgundy, Louis, Duke of, ii. 116, 117.
• Burke, Edmund, his imagination and sensibility, i. 497.
  • His opinion on the war with Spain, ii. 252.
  • Development of his mental powers, 492.
  • Effect of his speeches on the House of Commons, 601.
  • Investigates Indian affairs, iii. [194].
  • His vehemence against Hastings, [210].
  • Knowledge of India, [211].
  • Begins the impeachment of Hastings, [214].
  • Chairman of the impeachment committee, [221].
  • His opening speech at the trial, [227].
  • Attempts to force him to relinquish the prosecution, [231].
• Burleigh, William Cecil, Lord, review of Rev. Dr. Nares's memoirs of, ii. 63-94.
  • His early life and character, 65-70.
  • His death, 70.
  • Importance of the times in which he lived, 71.
  • The great stain on his character, 89.
  • His conduct towards Bacon, 374-376, 383.
  • His apology for having resorted to torture, 407.
  • Bacon's letter to him upon the department of knowledge he had chosen, 486.
• Burnet, Bishop, on Sir William Temple, ii. 597.
• Burney, Dr. Charles, parentage, iii. [334].
  • Society in his home, [337].
  • Urges his daughter to accept the Queen's offer, [361].
  • Consents at last to her retirement, [374].
• Burney, Fanny. See D'Arblay, Madame.
• Bussy, his conduct in India, ii. 695.
• Bute, Earl of, influence over George III., iii. [606].
  • Character, [607].
  • His kind of Toryism, [608].
  • Brought into the government, [611].
  • Becomes Secretary of State, [618].
  • Error of dismissing Newcastle, [621].
  • Detested on several grounds, [626].
  • Resigns, [635].
  • His career, [636].
• Byng, Admiral, was he a martyr to political party? i. 696.
  • His failure at Minorca, ii. 266.
  • His trial, 269.
  • Opinion of his conduct, 269.
  • Chatham's defence of, 270.
• Byron, Lord, Moore's Life of, i. 569.
  • His character and surroundings unfortunate, 571.
  • Petted and persecuted, 572.
  • Condemned unheard, 575.
  • His excesses in Italy, 577.
  • Goes to Greece and dies, 579.
  • Lot cast in a literary revolution, 580.
  • Largely contributed to the emancipation of literature, though naturally a reactionary, 594.
  • A creature of his age, 596.
  • The reverse of a great dramatist, 597.
  • Lacked diversity in characterization, 600.
  • Tendency to soliloquy, 600.
  • Lack of dramatic effect, 601.
  • Excelled in description, 602.
  • His morbidness, 603.
  • Influence largely due to his egotism, 605.
  • His popularity among young readers, 605.
• Byron, Lady, quarrel with her husband, i. 573.

• Cabal, the, its designs, ii. 538, 544, 548, 549.
• Cadiz, exploit of Essex at the siege of, ii. 156, 385.
  • Pillaged by the British, 157.
• Cæsar, Claudius, resemblance of James I. to, ii. 12.
• Cæsars, the, parallel between them and the Tudors, not applicable, ii. 81.
• Cæsar's Commentaries, i. 259.
  • Calcutta, its position on the Hoogley, ii. 702.
  • Scene of the Black Hole of, 704.
  • Resentment of the English at its fall, 766.
  • Again threatened by Surajah Dowlah, 709.
  • Revival of its prosperity, 720.
  • Its sufferings during the famine, 750.
• Cambridge, University of, superior to Oxford in intellectual activity, ii. 364.
  • Disturbed by the Civil War. 510.
• Cambyses, punishes a corrupt judge, ii. 434.
• Campaign, The, Addison's, iii. [426-430].
• Canada, subjugated by the British, ii. 277.
• Cape Breton, reduction of, ii. 276.
• Carlisle, Lady, warns Pym, ii. 46.
• Carnatic, the, resources of, ii. 685.
• Carnot, Hippolyte, editor of Barère's Memoirs, iii. [487].
  • Blamable for misstatements in the Memoirs, [494].
  • Finds two virtues in Barère, [586].
• Carteret, Lord (afterwards Earl Granville), his ascendency after the fall of Walpole, ii. 223.
  • Sir Horace Walpole's stories about him, 226.
  • His defection from Sir Robert Walpole, 239.
  • Succeeds Walpole, 254.
  • Created Earl Granville, 255.
• Carthagena, surrender of the arsenal and ships of, to the Allies, ii. 167.
• Cary, Rev. Henry Francis, translator of Dante, i. 12. 22.
• Casti, his Animali Parlanti characterized, i. 6.
• Castile, Admiral of, ii. 157.
• Castile and Arragon, their old institutions favorable to public liberty, ii. 137.
• Castilians, their character in the sixteenth century, ii. 133.
  • Their conduct in the War of the Succession, 168.
• Castracani, Castruccio, Machiavelli's life of, i. 183.
• Catholics, persecution of, under Elizabeth, unjustifiable, i. 291.
  • Not necessarily opposed to her, 293.
  • Southey's hostility towards, 530.
  • Former treatment of, compared with present condition of Jews, 651.
  • Their earnestness against Protestantism, iii. [27].
  • See also Rome, Church of.
• Catiline, his plot unwarrantably condemned, i. 260.
• Cato. Addison's, iii. [457].
• Cavendish, Lord, in the new council of Sir William Temple, ii. 567.
  • Retires, 581.
• Cecil, Robert, rival of Francis Bacon, ii. 374, 375, 383.
  • Fear and envy of Essex, 380.
  • Increase of his dislike for Bacon, 382.
  • Conversation with Essex, 383.
  • His interference to obtain knighthood for Bacon, 399.
• Cecilia, Fanny Burney's, iii. [355].
  • Change of style apparent in, [388].
• Censorship, ii. 351.
• Cervantes, i. 193; ii. 134, 359.
• Chalmers, Dr., his defence of the Church, ii. 605.
• Champion, Colonel, sent to help Sujah Dowlah against the Rohillas, iii. [141].
• Chandernagore, French settlement on the Hoogley, ii. 701.
  • Captured by the English, 709, 710.
• Charles, Archduke, his claim to the Spanish crown, ii. 140.
  • Takes the field in support of it, 158.
  • Accompanies Peterborough in his expedition, 161.
  • His success in the northeast of Spain, 165.
  • Is proclaimed king at Madrid, 167.
  • His reverses and retreat, 170.
  • His reëntry into Madrid, 173.
  • Concludes a peace, 177.
  • Forms an alliance with Philip of Spain, 183.
• Charles I., justification of the Great Rebellion against, i. 112 et seq.
  • Charges against him upheld, 117.
  • His execution an error, 122, 341.
  • His conduct toward Strafford, 315.
  • His early mistakes, 317.
  • Attempts to seize the five members, 318.
  • His deceit toward the Commons, 320.
  • Uses force unsuccessfully, 321.
  • Loses the loyalty of his people, 322.
  • Attempted absolute monarchy, 327.
  • Clings to the control of the army, 333.
  • Falls into the hands of the army, 340.
  • Inconsistent attitude toward the Established Church, 344.
  • Hampden's opposition to him and its consequences, ii. 16, 27-20.
  • Resistance of the Scots to him, 30.
  • His increasing difficulties, 35.
  • His conduct, towards the House of Commons, 44-49.
  • His flight, 50.
  • Review of his conduct and treatment, 51-55.
  • Reaction in his favor during the Long Parliament, 326.
  • Cause of his political blunders, 422.
  • Effect of the victory over him on the national character, 503, 504.
• Charles II., his unfitness for the English throne, i. 211.
  • Disgrace of his reign, 353.
  • Licentiousness of his court, 358.
  • Pecuniary transactions in a measure excusable, 363.
  • Lack of national feeling under, 365.
  • His situation in 1660 contrasted with that of Louis XVIII., ii. 310, 311.
  • His character, 317-319, 524, 538, 568.
  • His position towards the king of France, 322.
  • Consequences of his levity and apathy, 325.
  • His court compared with that of his father, 523.
  • His extravagance, 526.
  • His subserviency to France, 530, 535, 536.
  • His renunciation of the dispensing power, 547.
  • His relations with Temple, 548-553, 583.
  • His system of bribery of the Commons, 559.
  • His dislike of Halifax, 576.
  • His dismissal of Temple, 586.
• Charles II. of Spain, unhappy condition of, ii. 139, 144-148.
  • His difficulties in respect to the succession, 139-143.
• Charles VIII. of France, ii. 487.
• Charles XII. of Sweden, compared to Clive, ii. 760.
• Chatham, William Pitt, Earl of, character of his public life, ii. 234, 235.
  • His early life and travels, 236.
  • Enters the army, 237.
  • Obtains a seat in Parliament, 237.
  • Attaches himself to the Whigs in Opposition, 243.
  • His qualities as an orator, 246-250.
  • Is made Groom of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales, 251.
  • Declaims against the ministers, 253.
  • His opposition to Carteret, 254.
  • Legacy left him by the Duchess of Marlborough, 254.
  • Supports the Pelham ministry, 255.
  • Appointed Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, 256.
  • Averse to subsidizing foreign powers, 264.
  • Overtures made to him by Newcastle, 264, 267.
  • Made Secretary of State, 268.
  • Defends Admiral Byng, 270.
  • Coalesces with the Duke of Newcastle, 273.
  • Success of his administration, 275-281.
  • His appreciation of Clive, 728, 753.
  • Breach between him and the great Whig connection, 752.
  • Review of his correspondence, iii. [591-687].
  • Forms a coalition with Newcastle, [596].
  • His war policy attacked, [612].
  • Resigns, [616].
  • Rewarded for his services, [617].
  • Speech against the French treaty, [633].
  • Invited to succeed Grenville, [640].
  • His legacy from Pynsent, [645].
  • Refuses to take the ministry without Grenville, [650].
  • Supports the repeal of the Stamp Act, [658].
  • His position toward Rockingham's ministry, [664].
  • Attempts to form a ministry, [668].
  • Loss of popularity on accepting a peerage, [670].
  • Errors in policy, [672].
  • Taken ill, [674].
  • His recovery, [677].
  • His relations with Rockingham and Grenville, [680].
  • Attitude on the American Revolution, [683].
  • Final speech in the House of Lords, [684].
  • Death, [685].
  • Public funeral, [686].
• Cherbourg, guns taken from, ii. 276.
• Cheyte Sing, Prince of Benares, iii. [179].
  • Hastings demands money from, [183].
  • Arrested, [184].
• Chillingworth, William, on apostolical succession, ii. 650.
• Chinsurah, Dutch settlement on the Hoogley, ii. 701.
  • Its siege by the English and capitulation, 727.
• Christchurch, Oxford, its repute after the Revolution, ii. 592.
  • Issues a new edition of the Letters of Phalaris, 592, 593.
• Chunar, treaty of, iii. [189].
• Church of England, moderation and loyalty, i. 303.
  • Its sophisms at the time of the Revolution, 368.
  • Mr. Gladstone's work in defence of it, ii. 600.
  • His arguments for its being the pure Catholic Church of Christ, 641.
  • Its claims to apostolical succession discussed, 645-655.
  • Views respecting its alliance with the state, 659-668.
  • Its rejection of enthusiasts, iii. [31].
• Churchill, John, Duke of Marlborough, his rise the result of conditions, i. 360.
  • His infamous treason, 369.
  • Converted to Whiggism, ii. 176.
  • Addison's mention of, in The Campaign, iii. [429].
• Cicero, partiality of Dr. Middleton towards, ii. 360.
  • The most eloquent and skilful of advocates, 361.
  • His epistles in his banishment, 379.
  • His opinion of the study of rhetoric, 477.
• Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, defects in his History, i. 277.
  • Too good for his age, 361.
  • His virtues and faults, 362.
  • His testimony in regard to Hampden, ii. 5, 6, 19, 21, 26-28, 37, 41, 56, 59, 61.
  • His literary merit, 358.
  • His position at the head of affairs, 522-530.
  • His faulty style, 541.
  • His opposition to the growing power of the Commons, 561.
  • His temper, 562.
• Classical literature, indiscriminate praise of, i. 44.
  • Should be justly estimated, 45.
• Clavering, General, made Councillor for India, iii. [144].
  • Opposes Hastings, [148].
  • Dies, [163].
• Clement VII., Pope, i. 184.
• Clifford, Lord, his character, ii. 538, 539.
  • His retirement, 545.
  • His talent for debate, 561.
• Clive, Lord, review of Sir John Malcolm's Life of, ii. 670-762.
  • His family and boyhood, 672, 673.
  • His shipment to India, 673.
  • His arrival at Madras, and position there, 675.
  • Obtains an ensign's commission in the Company's service, 678.
  • His attack, capture, and defence of Arcot, 688-692.
  • His subsequent proceedings, 693-696.
  • His marriage and return to England, 696.
  • His reception, 697.
  • Elected to Parliament, 698.
  • Returns to India, 700.
  • His subsequent proceedings, 700, 706-708.
  • His conduct towards Omichund, 709-719.
  • His transactions with Meer Jaffier, 711-713, 715, 716, 723.
  • His pecuniary acquisitions, 720.
  • Appointed Governor of the Company's possessions in Bengal, 723.
  • His dispersion of Shah Alum's army, 725.
  • Responsibility of his position, 727.
  • His return to England, 728.
  • His reception, 728.
  • His proceedings at the India House, 731, 732, 736.
  • Nominated Governor of the British possessions in Bengal, 736.
  • His arrival at Calcutta, 737.
  • Suppresses a conspiracy, 741, 742.
  • Success of his foreign policy, 742.
  • His return to England, 745.
  • His unpopularity and its causes, 745-750.
  • His speech in his defence, and its consequence, 753, 757.
  • Invested with the Grand Cross of the Bath, 756.
  • His life in retirement, 758.
  • Failing of his mind, and death by his own hand, 758-760.
  • Reflections on his career, 760.
  • Notices Warren Hastings, iii. [120].
• Clodius, bribery at the trial of, ii. 432.
• Cobham, Lord, his malignity toward Essex, ii. 397.
• Coke, Sir E., his conduct towards Bacon, ii. 376, 418.
  • His opposition to Bacon in Peacham's case, 404, 405.
  • His experience in conducting state prosecutions, 406.
  • His removal from the Bench, 418.
  • His reconciliation with Buckingham, and agreement to marry his daughter to Buckingham's brother, 419.
  • His reconciliation with Bacon, 420.
  • His behavior to Bacon at his trial, 437.
• Coleridge, S. T., Byron's attitude towards, i. 594.
• Collier, Jeremy, character, iii. [85].
  • Outlawed for absolving traitors, [87].
  • Attacks the immorality of the stage, [88].
  • Replies to Congreve, [93].
• Colloquies on Society, Southey's, reviewed, i. 496-545.
  • Plan of, 505.
  • Absurdity of, 507.
• Comic Dramatists of the Restoration, Leigh Hunt's, iii. [47-100].
• Comines, Philip de, testimony to the good government of England, ii. 7.
• Commons, House of, commencement of the practice of buying of votes in, ii. 209.
  • Corruption in, not necessary to the Tudors, 209.
  • Increase of its influence after the Revolution, 210.
  • How kept in order, 211.
  • Increased in power by the Revolution, 348.
• Comus, modelled on the Italian Masque, i. 97.
• Condé, Marshal, compared with Clive, ii. 761.
• Conflans, Admiral, defeated by Hawke, ii. 277.
• Congreve, William, birth and education, iii. [80].
  • His literary work, [81-84].
  • Attempts to answer Jeremy Collier, [91].
  • Produces The Way of the World, [94].
  • Political impartiality, [95].
  • Place among literary men, [96].
  • Friendship with the Duchess of Marlborough, [98].
  • Death, [99].
  • Compared to Wycherley, [100].
• Constitutional government, in England and on the Continent, i. 323.
  • Conversion of, into despotism, on the Continent, 326.
  • Dangers to, in England, 327.
• Cooke, Sir Anthony, his learning, ii. 368.
• Coote, Sir Eyre, sent to India, iii. [166].
  • His military reputation, [167].
• Correctness, as a canon in art, i. 581.
  • Folly of, 587.
• Council of York, abolished, ii. 38.
• Country Wife, Wycherley's, iii. [70], [77].
• Courtenay, Rt. Hon. T. P., review of his Memoirs of Sir William Temple, ii. 498-599.
  • His concessions to Dr. Lingard in regard to the Triple Alliance, 533.
  • His opinion of Temple's proposed council, 554, 556.
  • His error as to Temple's residence, 585 note.
• Covenant, the Scotch, ii. 30.
• Covenanters, the Scotch, their treaty with Charles I., ii. 30, 31.
• Cowley, Abraham, his wit, ii. 204.
  • Admired Bacon, 495.
• Cowper, William, forerunner of literary revival in England, i. 591.
  • Schoolmate of Warren Hastings, iii. [117].
• Coxe, Archdeacon, eulogizes Sir R. Walpole, ii. 214.
• Craggs, Secretary, ii. 238, 261.
• Cranmer, Archbishop, his time-serving character, i. 299.
• Crébillon, the younger, ii. 198.
• Crisp, Samuel, iii. [340].
  • His dramatic aspirations, [343].
  • Failure and retirement, [345].
• Criticism, cannot exist in perfection with the creative faculty, i. 190.
  • Effect on critical poetry, 202.
• Croker, John Wilson, his edition of Boswell's Johnson reviewed, i. 691-742.
  • Misstatements in the notes, 691.
  • Classical errors, 700.
  • Want of perspicacity, 704.
  • Triviality of his comments, 705.
  • His style, 706.
  • Omissions, 707.
  • Additions, 708.
• Cromwell, Henry, ii. 512.
• Cromwell, Oliver, wisdom of his government, i. 124.
  • His great opportunity, 345.
  • Compared with Napoleon, 347.
  • His service to justice, 348.
  • His army, 348.
  • His administration, 349.
  • His foreign policy, 351.
  • Weakness of his son, 352.
  • Compared with Charles II., 353.
  • His qualities, ii. 29, 61.
  • His administration, 313, 319.
  • His abilities displayed in Ireland, 519-521.
• Crown, the, ii. 75.
  • Curtailment of its prerogatives, 210, 211.
  • Its power predominant at the beginning of the 17th century, 557.
  • Decline of its power during the Pensionary Parliament, 560.
  • Its long contest with the Parliament put an end to by the Revolution, 566.
  • See Prerogative.
• Culpeper, Mr., a leader of the Constitutional Royalists, ii. 43.
• Cumberland, Duke of, single victory of, ii. 729.
  • Hated by Scots, iii. [628].
  • Opposes the French treaty, [630].
  • His character, [649].
  • Tries to induce Pitt to succeed Grenville, [650].
  • Advises a Whig ministry without Pitt, [653].
  • Death, [656].

• D'Adda, quoted, ii. 333.
• Danby, Earl of, ii. 210.
  • His connection with Sir William Temple, 547.
  • Unjust charges against, 551.
  • Impeached and sent to the Tower, 553.
  • Owed his dukedom to his talent in debate, 561.
• Dante, criticism on, i. 1.
  • His first adventure in the popular tongue, 2.
  • Influences of the times in which he lived upon his works, 3, 4.
  • His love of Beatrice, 11.
  • His despair of happiness on earth, 12.
  • Close connection between his intellectual and moral character, 12.
  • Compared with Milton, 13, 99-101.
  • His metaphors and comparisons, 15, 16.
  • Little impression made by the forms of the external world upon him, 16, 19.
  • Fascination revolting and nauseous images had for his mind, 18.
  • His use of ancient mythology in his poems, 19.
  • His idolatry of Virgil, 20.
  • Excellence of his style, 20, 21.
  • Remarks upon the translations of the Divine Comedy, 21, 22.
  • His use of the supernatural, 105.
  • His character as expressed in his poetry, 107.
  • His veneration for lesser writers, 194.
• D'Arblay, M., a French refugee, marries Fanny Burney, iii. [378].
• D'Arblay, Madame, Diary and Letters reviewed, iii. [331-395].
  • Family, [333].
  • Education, [335].
  • Shyness, [339].
  • Writes Evelina, [347].
  • Its success, [349].
  • Johnson's affection for, [351].
  • Writes a poor play, [353].
  • Publishes Cecilia, [354].
  • Loss of friends, [355].
  • Meets the king, [357].
  • Invited to be a keeper of the Queen's robes, [358].
  • Drawbacks to the position, [359].
  • Accepts it, [361].
  • Slavery of the service, [362].
  • Visits Oxford, [364].
  • Attends the trial of Warren Hastings, [366].
  • Her prejudice against his accusers, [367].
  • Feeling on the king's illness, [369].
  • Respect for the queen, [371].
  • Leaves the court on account of ill-health, [375].
  • Recovers, [377].
  • Marries, [378].
  • Lives in Paris, [379].
  • Her character-drawing, [385].
  • Her style, [387].
  • Quotations to illustrate the changes in her style, [390-392].
  • Her real service to English literature, [394].
• D'Argens, Marquess, iii. [280].
• Daun, an Austrian general, defeats Frederic the Great at Kolin, iii. [306].
  • At Hochkirchen, [319].
  • Driven from before Dresden, [320].
  • Defeated at Buckersdorf, [327].
• David, M., editor of Barère's Mémoires, iii. [487].
• Davila, one of Hampden's favorite authors, ii. 22.
• De Augmentis Scientiarum, Bacon's, ii. 402, 443.
• Declaration of Right, ii. 341.
• Defensio Populi, i. 85.
• Delhi, splendor of, ii. 679.
• Democracy, the ideal government, i. 62.
  • Requires an educated constituency, 63.
  • Reaction induced by the violence of its advocates, ii. 72.
• Democritus, reputed inventor of the arch, ii. 365.
  • Bacon's estimate of, 448.
• Demosthenes, transcribes Thucydides six times, i. 47.
  • Falsely described by Mitford, 73.
• Denham, Sir John, satire on Hampden, ii. 58.
• Despotism, Mill's condemnation of, i. 388.
  • The Westminster Reviewer's defence of Mill's position on, 426.
• Devonshire, Duke of, forms an administration after the resignation of Newcastle, ii. 268.
  • Lord Chamberlain under Bute, iii. [623].
  • Opposes the treaty with France, [630].
• Dionysius, his critical ability, i. 41.
  • Confines himself strictly to things Grecian, 267.
• Diplomacy, requirements of, in the Italian service, i. 169.
• Discourses on Livy, Machiavelli's, i. 176.
• Dissenters, exclusion of, from civil offices, ii. 624.
• Divine Comedy, Dante's, its reality, i. 12.
  • Translations of, 21, 22.
  • Literalness of the descriptions, 99.
  • Comparable to Gulliver's Travels, 101.
  • Character of the spirits in, 105.
• Division of labor, necessity of, ii. 606.
• Donne, John, his wit compared with Horace Walpole's, ii. 204.
• Dorset, Lord, his poetical ability, i. 212.
• Double Dealer, Congreve's, iii. [82].
• Dover, Lord, review of his edition of Horace Walpole's Letters to Sir Horace Mann, ii. 181-231.
• Drama, real object of, i. 163.
  • Delightful character of the old English, 207.
  • Unnaturalness of the French, 207.
  • Affected by the closing of the theatres, 209.
  • Rhyme introduced into, 212.
  • Folly of the preservation of the unities, 583.
  • Immorality of the English, at the Restoration, iii. [48].
• "Drunken Administration, The," ii. 225.
• Dryden, John, essay on, i. 187-234.
  • His rank among poets, 187.
  • Affected by circumstances, 187.
  • Greatest of the critical poets, 214.
  • His Annus Mirabilis, 215.
  • His plays, 217.
  • Unnaturalness of his characters, 220.
  • Tendency to rant, 222.
  • The improvement of his work in later life, 225.
  • Founds the critical school of poetry, 227.
  • His power of reasoning in verse, 228.
  • His use of the flattery of dedication, 229.
  • His characteristics, 230.
  • Satirical works, 231.
  • A connecting link between two literary periods, 597.
  • Admits the justice of Jeremy Collier's attack, iii. [91].
• Dumont, M., review of his Souvenirs sur Mirabeau, ii. 95-127.
  • Services rendered by him to society, 96.
  • The interpreter of Bentham, 96-98.
  • His view of the French Revolution, 98-103, 294.
  • His opinion that Burke's work on the Revolution had saved Europe, 101, 294.
  • His efforts to instruct the French in political knowledge, 103.
  • His pen-portrait of Mirabeau, 125.
  • His revelation of his own character, 127.
• Dundas, Henry, investigates Indian affairs, iii. [194].
  • Sides with Hastings, [208].
  • Defends him on the first charge, [215].
  • Follows Pitt on the second, [219].
• Dupleix, governor of Pondicherry, his gigantic schemes for establishing French influence in India, ii. 677, 683, 685, 693, 695, 700.
  • His death, 700, 758.

• East India Company, the, its absolute authority in India, ii. 277.
  • Its condition when Clive first went to India, 674, 675.
  • Its war with the French East India Company, 677.
  • Increase of its power, 693.
  • Its factories in Bengal, 702.
  • Fortunes made by its servants in Bengal, 733, 734.
• Ecclesiastical Commission, the, of Queen Elizabeth's time, ii. 76.
• Ecclesiastics, fondness of the old dramatists for the character of, ii. 88.
• Education, in England in the 16th century, ii. 373.
  • Duty of the government in promoting it, 661.
• Egerton, brings charge of corruption against Bacon, ii. 425.
  • Bacon's decision against him, after receiving his present, 440.
• Egotism in conversation and literature considered, i. 23, 24.
• Elephants, use of, in war in India, ii. 691.
• Eliot, Sir John, ii. 18-20.
  • His Treatise on Government, 21.
  • A martyr to liberty, 22.
• Elizabeth, Queen, her unjustifiable persecution of non-conformists, i. 291.
  • Her use of the church to increase her power, 303.
  • Condition of the working classes in her reign, 534.
  • Her rapid advancement of Cecil, ii. 69, 70.
  • Character of her government, 76, 77, 80, 90.
  • A persecutor, though herself indifferent, 89, 90.
  • Her early notice of Lord Bacon, 372.
  • Her favor toward Essex, 379.
  • Factions at the close of her reign, 380, 381, 398.
  • Her pride and temper, 387, 398.
  • Her death, 398.
• Elphinstone, Lord, ii. 761.
• England, under Elizabeth, i. 291.
  • Reformation in, a political move, 297.
  • Under Henry VIII., 302.
  • In 1640, 306.
  • Under Charles I., 317.
  • Change of feeling in, after the attempt on the Five Members, 319.
  • Representative government in, preserved, 327.
  • Disgraceful condition of, under Charles II., 354.
  • Decay of statesmanship, 355.
  • Corruption of the bar, 360.
  • National feeling displaced by party loyalty, 364.
  • Fortunate that the Revolution was effected by men of small calibre, 367.
  • Perfidy of William III.'s statesmen, 368.
  • Review of constitutional history of, from Henry VII., 371.
  • Condition of the common people in, at various periods, 534.
  • Prophecy of its future prosperity, 543.
  • Her periodic fits of morality, 573.
  • Theories deduced from her population, 617 et seq.
  • Fecundity of the nobility, 632.
  • Disability of Jews in, 646.
  • Her physical and moral condition in the 15th century, ii. 7.
  • Never so rich and powerful as since the loss of her American colonies, 135.
  • Her conduct in reference to the Spanish succession, 152, 153.
  • Successive steps of her progress, 307-310.
  • Influence of her Revolution on the human race, 309, 344.
  • Her situation at the Restoration compared with that of France at the restoration of the Bourbons, 311, 312.
  • Her situation in 1678, 317, 319-327.
  • Character of her public men in the latter part of the 17th century, 507.
  • Difference in her situation under Charles II. and under the Protectorate, 525.
  • Restoration immorality the reaction from Puritanism, iii. [58].
  • Diminished prestige of, in 1785, [195].
  • Upholds Prussia against all Europe, [302].
  • Subsidies paid, [318].
  • Withdraws her aid from Prussia, [326].
  • State of parties in, [592].
  • Factions sink into repose, [595].
  • Corruption in the House of Commons, [609].
  • Terminates her continental alliances, [623].
  • War with America, [682].
• England, Constitution of, how preserved, i. 322 et seq.
  • Development of, from Henry VII.'s reign, 371.
  • Recent attacks on, 375.
  • Proposed reform of, 380.
  • A standing refutation of James Mill's reasoning, 399.
• English, the, in the 16th century, a free people, ii. 78.
  • Their character, 319, 320.
• English Common Law, not suited to India, iii. [168].
• Epicureans, their peculiar doctrines, ii. 452.
• Epicurus, the lines on his pedestal, ii. 452.
• Erasmus, quoted, ii. 286.
• Ercilla, Alonzo de, soldier as well as poet, ii. 133.
• Essay on Government, James Mill's, review of, i. 381-422.
• Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, ii. 93.
  • His character, popularity, and favor with Elizabeth, 379, 380, 382, 389.
  • His political conduct, 382.
  • His friendship for Bacon, 383, 385, 412.
  • His conversation with Robert Cecil, 382, 383.
  • His expedition to Spain, 384.
  • Pleads for Bacon's marriage with Lady Hatton, 385.
  • Decline of his fortunes, 385.
  • His faults, 387, 410, 411.
  • His administration in Ireland, 386.
  • Ingratitude of Bacon towards him, 386-396, 412.
  • His trial and execution, 388, 389.
  • Feeling of King James towards him, 399.
  • His resemblance to Buckingham, 410, 411.
• Essex, Earl of (time of Charles I.), ii. 56-59.
• Euripides, how regarded by Quintilian, i. 42.
• Europe, state of, at the Peace of Utrecht, ii. 182.
  • Want of union in, to arrest the designs of Louis XIV., 528.
  • The distractions of, suspended by the Treaty of Nimeguen, 550.
• Evelina, Fanny Burney's, iii. [347].
  • Johnson's admiration for, [351].
• Evelyn, John, ii. 524, 539.
• Ex post facto punishments considered, i. 312.

• Falkland, Lucius Cary, Viscount, deceived by Charles, i. 320.
  • A friend of liberty, 329.
  • At the head of the Constitutional Royalists, ii. 43.
• Family Compact, the, between France and Spain, ii. 183.
• Fénelon, standard of morality in his Telemachus, ii. 115-117.
  • The book not immoral, iii. [54].
• Ferdinand VII., resemblance between him and Charles I. of England, ii. 55.
• Feudal nobles, unimportant in Italy, i. 146.
• Fielding, Henry, his description of Partridge at the play, quoted, i. 196.
• Finch, Lord Keeper, a humble tool of Charles I., ii. 26.
  • His impeachment and flight to Holland, 37.
• Fine arts, the, their decline in England after the civil war, ii. 199.
  • Government should promote them, 660.
• Florence, its commercial preëminence, i. 148.
  • Its superiority of learning, 151.
  • Military reform in, 173.
  • Return of the Medici to, 174.
  • Machiavelli's History of, 184.
  • Last struggle for liberty of, 185.
• Foote, Charles, his stage character of an Anglo-Indian grandee, ii. 747
• Forde, Colonel, ii. 724, 727.
• Fox, Henry (afterwards Lord Holland), his personality, ii. 258.
  • Accepts office, 264.
  • Relations with Newcastle, 261-267.
  • Directed to form an administration in concert with Chatham, 268.
  • Early history and career, iii. [104].
  • Made paymaster by Chatham, [601].
  • Continued by Bute, [623].
  • Employed by Bute to carry the Commons, [628].
  • Methods used, [631].
  • Made a peer, [637].
• Fox, Charles James, son of the above, his success as a debater, ii. 249.
  • Comparison of his History of James II. with Mackintosh's History of the Revolution, 284.
  • His style, 285, 286.
  • Characteristic of his oratory, 287.
  • Championship of arbitrary measures and defiance of public opinion, iii. [106].
  • Change in his attitude after his father's death, [107].
  • Brings forward the Benares charge against Hastings, [216].
  • Speaks on the course of proceedings, [228].
• France, from Louis XIV. to the Revolution, ii. 118-122.
  • Condition in 1712 and 1832, 180.
  • At the restoration of Louis XVIII., 311.
  • Austerity in, under Louis XIV., produces the immorality of the regency, iii. [59].
  • Turns to Prussia for help against England, [267].
  • Drawn into the combination against Frederic the Great, [295].
  • Makes peace, [328].
  • Assemblies in, in 1791, [505].
  • Constitution of 1791 fails, [503].
  • Cause of its failure, [509].
  • Convention of 1792, [510].
  • Justice of the abolition of the monarchy, [511].
  • Execution of the king, [516].
  • Reign of Terror in, [533].
  • End of the Terror, [559].
  • Under Constitution of 1795, [565].
  • Under the Consulate, [568].
  • Return of the Bourbons to, [581].
  • Effect of the Terror upon, [584].
• Francis, Philip, made Councillor for India, iii. [144].
  • Probably wrote the Junius letters, [145].
  • Opposes Hastings, [148].
  • Accepts Nuncomar's testimony against him, [150].
  • Partially reconciled to Hastings, [168].
  • Objects to the arrangement with Impey, [173].
  • Challenges and is wounded by Hastings, [174].
  • Returns to England, [178].
  • Attacks Hastings in the House of Commons, [209].
  • Proposed as a manager of Hastings's impeachment, [221].
• Franks, rapid decline of the, after the death of Charlemagne, ii. 680.
• Frederic the Great, essay on, iii. [243-330].
  • Birth, [247].
  • Treatment by his father, [248].
  • Tastes, [250].
  • Acquaintance with Voltaire, [254].
  • Character as a king, [256].
  • Decides to seize Silesia, [259].
  • Invades it, [261].
  • Conduct at Molwitz, [263].
  • Makes peace with Austria, [267].
  • Joins France against England and Austria, [268].
  • His attention to the details of administration, [271].
  • Aggrandizement of the army, [273].
  • Parsimony, [274].
  • Liberality and justice, [275].
  • Commercial policy, [277].
  • His associates, [279].
  • His spite, [281].
  • Invites Voltaire to Berlin, [286].
  • Quarrels with him, [290].
  • European combination against, [294].
  • Personal dislike of, among sovereigns, [298].
  • His great danger, [299].
  • Alliance with England, [302].
  • Invades Saxony, [304].
  • And Bohemia, [305].
  • Driven back at Kolin, [307].
  • Extreme distress of, [308].
  • Further communication with Voltaire, [309].
  • Wins the battle of Rosbach, [313].
  • Of Leuthen, [314].
  • Tendency of Rosbach to unify Germany behind him, [316].
  • Worsts the Russians at Zorndorf, [318].
  • Attacked by the Pope, [322].
  • Beaten at Kunersdorf, [323].
  • Conquers at Lignitz and Torgau, [325].
  • Political changes to his advantage, [326].
  • Obtains peace, [328].
• Frederic the Second, the Emperor, his qualities, i. 7.
• Frederic William, Great Elector of Brandenburg, iii. [244].
• Frederic William of Prussia, iii. [245].
  • Military establishment, [246].
  • Conduct to his children, [247].
  • Dies, [255].
• Froissart quoted, ii. 7.
• Fuller, on Lord Burleigh, ii. 66, 67.

• Galway, Earl of, commander of the allies in Spain, ii. 158, 166, 171.
  • Defeated at Almanza, 172.
• Ganges, the chief highway of Eastern commerce, ii. 700, 701.
• Gentleman Dancing-Master, Wycherley's, iii. [69].
• George I., transformation of English parties under, iii. [593].
  • His position at the beginning of his reign, [602], [603].
• George II., his resentment against Chatham, ii. 255.
  • Compelled to accept him, 256.
  • His efforts for the protection of Hanover, 263, 264.
  • His relations with his ministers, 273-275.
  • Mixture of parties under, iii. [595].
  • Growth in popularity toward the close of his reign, [603].
• George III., partial to Clive, ii. 756.
  • Sentiment of loyalty toward, at his accession, iii. [604].
  • Education, [606].
  • His speech not agreeable to the ministry, [611].
  • Dream of freedom on the accession of Bute, [622].
  • Determines never to submit to the Whigs, [633].
  • Harassed by Grenville, turns to Pitt, [640].
  • Resentment toward Grenville over the Regency Bill, [648].
  • Sends Cumberland to Pitt, [649].
  • Lectured by Grenville and Bedford, [652].
  • Makes Rockingham First Lord of the Treasury, [655].
  • Supported by the politicians called the king's friends, [660].
  • Tries to win Pitt over, [666].
• Gibbon, Edward, why accused of being a Mohammedan, i. 697 and note.
  • A successful historian, ii. 284.
• Gibraltar, capture of, by Sir George Rooke, ii. 158.
• Giffard, Lady, sister of Sir William Temple, ii. 528, 529, 586, 597.
• Gifford, Mr., the poet, admired by Byron, ii. 594.
• Girondists, eminent men among, iii. [512].
  • Refuse to sanction any excesses, [514].
  • Oppose equivocally the king's execution, [515].
  • Accused of federalism, [519].
  • Their leaders condemned by Barère, [527].
  • Their trial, [531].
  • Executed, [532].
• Gladstone, W. E., his book The State in its Relations with the Church, reviewed, ii. 600-669.
  • Quality of his mind, 603.
  • His grounds for the defence of the church, 605.
  • His doctrine that the duties of government are paternal, 609.
  • Specimen of his arguments, 610-613.
  • His argument that the profession of a national religion is imperative, 611, 613, 617.
  • The consequence of his reasoning, 620-628.
  • Shrinks from the suggestion of persecution, 624.
  • Fails to meet the consequences of his theory, 635.
  • Considers difference of opinion unnatural, 641.
  • Claims that the succession of the Anglican church was not broken in the Reformation, 645.
  • Believes in unity in doctrine, 296.
• Gleig, Rev. G. R., his Life of Warren Hastings reviewed, iii. [114].
• Glover's Leonidas, compared with Fénelon's Telemachus, ii. 116.
• Godfrey, Sir E., ii. 323.
• Godolphin, Lord, becomes a Whig, ii. 176.
  • Comes into power with Anne, iii. [423].
  • Induces Addison to commemorate Blenheim, [426].
  • Dismissed, [449].
• Goëzman, bribed by Beaumarchais, ii. 440, 441.
• Goldsmith, Oliver, character, i. 713.
  • Pleasantry about Johnson, 740.
• Goordas, Nuncomar's son, iii. [134].
• Goree, conquest of, ii. 216.
• Gorhambury, Bacon's country residence, ii. 421, 442.
• Government, must be adapted to its body politic, i. 62.
  • Aims of, according to James Mill, 386.
  • His reasoning against aristocratic and monarchical, 387, 388.
  • Combinations of the simple forms of, considered, 395.
  • Folly of Mill's conclusion, 398.
  • Representative, 403.
  • Its weak points, 404.
  • Correctives for the evil tendencies of representative, 410.
  • Influence of the middle class on, 415.
  • Theory of, deduced from principles of human nature in only one way, 419.
  • Must be founded on experience, 421.
  • Absurdity of utilitarian principle of, 468.
  • Sensible view of monarchic, 472.
  • Of constitutional, 475.
  • Religion as the basis of, according to Southey, 520.
• Grafton, Duke of, First Lord of the Treasury in Chatham's last ministry, iii. [669].
  • Condition of that ministry after Chatham's retirement, [678].
• Granby, Marquis of, his character, ii. 728.
• Grand Alliance against the Bourbons, ii. 152.
• Grand Remonstrance, Debate on, ii. 43.
• "Great Commoner," the designation of the elder Pitt, ii. 281.
• Greatest Happiness Principle, i. 418.
  • Its uselessness, 452.
  • Restated and assailed, 483.
  • Not demonstrated in its later form by Mr. Bentham, 487.
• Greece, review of Mr. Mitford's History of, i. 56-82.
  • Errors of the historians of, 57, 58.
  • Partly caused by their high estimation of later classic writers, 59.
  • Military history of, 152.
  • Progress of literature in, 204.
  • All education oral in, 242.
  • Absence of progress in political science in, 265.
  • Instances of the corruption of judges in the ancient commonwealths of, ii. 431.
• Greek Drama, derived from the Ode, i. 95.
• Greeks, their attitude toward women, i. 25. See Athenians.
• Grenville, George, opposed to Pitt's war policy, iii. [613].
  • Heads Bute's ministry in the Commons, [619].
  • Supports Bute's excise bill, [634].
  • Insulted by Pitt, [635].
  • Becomes First Lord of the Treasury, [637].
  • His characteristics, [638].
  • Attacks Wilkes, [639], [642].
  • Conduct toward the king, [644].
  • His Stamp Act and Regency Bill, [647], [648].
  • His vehement opposition to the repeal of the former, [663].
  • Conciliation with Chatham, [680].
  • Death, [681].
• Grey, Lady Jane, her high classical acquirements, ii. 368.
• Guadaloupe, fall of, ii. 276.
• Guicciardini, ii. 64.
• Guise, Henry, Duke of, his conduct compared to that of Essex, ii. 389.
• Gunpowder, inventor of, unknown, ii. 452.

• Habeas Corpus Act, Lord Shaftesbury's connection with, ii. 570, 578.
• Hale, Sir Matthew, integrity of, ii. 405.
• Halifax, Charles Montague, Earl of, his attainments, iii. [409].
  • Draws Addison into politics, [411].
  • Addison's Epistle to, [421].
  • Loses power, [422].
  • Returns to the Council, [432].
• Halifax, George Savile, Viscount, a trimmer; compared with Shaftesbury, ii. 573.
  • His political tracts, 575.
  • His oratorical powers, 575, 576.
  • The king's dislike of him, 576, 577.
• Hallam, Henry, his History of England dry but accurate, i. 287.
  • His perfect fairness to all parties, 290.
  • Just condemnation of Cranmer, 298.
  • His view of Strafford's punishment, 312.
  • Of the Parliament of 1640, 316.
  • Condemns the Long Parliament, 336.
  • His estimate of Cromwell, 347.
  • Of Clarendon, 362.
  • Of William III.'s reign, 809.
• Hamilton, Gerard, his celebrated speech, ii. 205.
• Hammond, Henry, uncle of Sir William Temple, ii. 509.
• Hampden, John, review of Lord Nugent's Memorials of, ii. 1.
  • His public and private character, 2, 3.
  • Baxter's testimony to his excellence, 4.
  • His origin and early history, 4,5.
  • Took his seat in the House of Commons in 1621, and joined the opposition to the court, 6.
  • His first appearance as a public man, 13.
  • His first stand for the fundamental principle of the Constitution, 16.
  • Committed to prison, 16.
  • Set at liberty and reëlected for Wendover, 17.
  • His retirement, 18.
  • His remembrance of his persecuted friends, 19.
  • His letters to Sir John Eliot, 19.
  • Clarendon's characterization of him as a debater, 19.
  • Letter from him to Sir John Eliot, 20.
  • His acquirements, 21.
  • Death of his wife, 22.
  • His resistance to the assessment for ship-money, 27.
  • Strafford's hatred of him, 29.
  • His intention to leave England, 29.
  • His return for Buckinghamshire in the fifth Parliament of Charles I., 31.
  • His motion on the subject of the king's message, 32.
  • His election by two constituencies to the Long Parliament, 36.
  • Character of his speaking, 37.
  • His opinion on the bill for the attainder of Strafford, 40.
  • Lord Clarendon's testimony to his moderation, 41.
  • His mission to Scotland, 41.
  • His conduct in the House of Commons on the passage of the Grand Remonstrance, 44.
  • His impeachment ordered by the king, 45-49.
  • Returns in triumph to the House, 50.
  • Raises a regiment in Buckinghamshire, 56.
  • Contrasted with Essex, 57, 58.
  • His encounter with Rupert at Chalgrove, 59.
  • His death and burial, 60.
  • Effect on his party, 61.
• Hanover, Chatham's invective against the favor shown it by George II., ii. 254.
• Harcourt, French ambassador to Spain, ii. 144, 145.
• Harley, Robert, his accession to power, ii. 177.
  • Censured by Lord Mahon, 178.
  • Thrown into prison, 182.
• Hastings, Warren, essay on, iii. [114-242].
  • Birth and ancestry, [115].
  • Education, [117].
  • Beginnings in India, [119].
  • Returns to England, [123].
  • Appointed to the Council at Madras, [124].
  • Meets Baroness Imhoff, [125].
  • Effects reforms at Madras, [126].
  • Dispenses with the double government at Bengal, [133].
  • His principle "Thou shalt want ere I want," [135].
  • His dealings with the Prince of Oude, [137].
  • Helps him conquer the Rohillas, [141].
  • His successful financial policy, [143].
  • Made Governor-General, [144].
  • Opposed by majority of the Council, [148].
  • Accused by Nuncomar, [150].
  • Supported by the English sentiment in Bengal, [151].
  • Motive in destroying Nuncomar, [157].
  • Opposition to, in England, [159].
  • Maclean presents his resignation, [160].
  • Repudiates the resignation and retains his position, [161].
  • Marries Baroness Imhoff, and is reappointed Governor-General, [163].
  • Plans to meet the Mahratta encroachments, [164].
  • Stops the legal excesses of Impey, [172].
  • Fights a duel with Francis, [174].
  • Sends Coote against Hyder Ali, [178].
  • Notes the advantage to the English of the double government in India, [181].
  • His demands on the Rajah of Benares, [182].
  • Visits Benares, [184].
  • Adds it to British dominions, [187].
  • Extorts money from the Begums of Oude, [191].
  • Condemned in England but supported by the Company, [194].
  • His extension of the Indian dominions, [195].
  • Internal administration in India reviewed, [196].
  • Ability in writing dispatches, [198].
  • His encouragement of literature, [199].
  • Loved by all classes, [200].
  • His offences, [201].
  • Returns to England, [203].
  • Insensible of his danger, [205].
  • Mistakes in his course of defence, [206].
  • Supported by the ministry, [207].
  • His opponents, [209].
  • His defence, [214].
  • Cleared on the charge relating to the Rohilla war, [215].
  • Deserted by the ministry on the charge respecting Cheyte Sing, [216].
  • Spoliation of the Begums charged by Sheridan, [220].
  • Scene at his trial, [223].
  • His counsel, [225].
  • Acquitted, [233].
  • Ruined financially, [235].
  • Aided by the East India Company, [236].
  • Later life at Daylesford, [238].
  • Tardy acknowledgment of his services, [240].
  • Death, [241].
• Hastings, Mrs. Warren, her influence, iii. [203]. See Imhoff, Baroness.
• Hatton, Lady, marries Sir Edward Coke, ii. 385.
• Hawke, Admiral, defeats French fleet under Conflans, ii. 277.
• Hawkins, Sir John, interpolation of extracts from, in Boswell's Johnson, condemned, i. 707-710.
• Henry VII., his reign the starting-point of modern English history, i. 371.
• Henry VIII., his interest in the Reformation, i. 302.
  • Attempts to raise a forced loan, ii. 82.
  • His intermediate position between the Catholic and Protestant parties, 86.
• Henry IV. of France, ii. 621.
• Heresy, remarks on, ii. 622-634.
• Herodotus, as an historian, his simplicity, i. 236.
  • Inaccuracy of, 237.
  • His work adapted to oral publication, 239.
  • His reality, 240.
• Hesiod, his complaint of the corruption of the judges of Ascra, ii. 431.
• Hesse Darmstadt, Prince of, commands the land forces sent against Gibraltar in 1704, ii. 158.
  • Accompanies Peterborough on his expedition. 161.
  • His death at the capture of Monjuich, 164.
• High Commission, Court of, abolished, ii. 38.
• Highgate, death of Lord Bacon at, ii. 443.
• Hind and the Panther, The, i. 231.
• Historians, their difficulties, i. 235.
  • The early, 236.
  • The modern, 264.
  • Their progress, 265.
  • Exclusive spirit of the Grecian, 266.
  • Dependence of the Latin on the Greek, 267.
  • Points of superiority of modern, 272.
  • Prejudiced, 273.
  • Their neglect of narrative history, 276.
  • Ideal, their characteristics, 280.
• Historical reading, its effect, i. 279.
• History, Johnson's view of, i. 243.
  • Chiefly a matter of perspective, 245.
  • Neglect of narrative, 276.
  • Only value of, 277.
  • Ideal form of, explained, 281.
  • A compound of poetry and philosophy, 285.
  • Difficulties of dividing them, 286.
• Hobbes, Thomas, influence of, ii. 421.
• Holland, governed with almost regal power by John de Witt, ii. 525.
  • Its apprehensions of the designs of France, 528.
  • Its defensive alliance with England and Sweden, 532.
• Holland, first Lord. See Fox, Henry.
• Holland, Henry Fox, third Lord, essay on, iii. [101-113].
  • Compared to his grandfather and uncle, [107].
  • Ability in debate, [109].
  • Liberality, [110].
  • His hospitality, [111].
• Hollis, Denzil, imprisoned by Charles I., ii. 18.
  • Impeached, 45.
• Holwell, Mr., his presence of mind in the Black Hole, ii. 704.
  • Cruelty of the Nabob to, 705.
• Homer, Quintilian's criticisms on, i. 42.
• Horace, compares poems to certain paintings, i. 49.
• Hosein, son of Ali, festival in memory of, ii. 690.
  • Legend of his death, 691.
• Hospitals, objects of, ii. 660.
• Hume, David, an advocate rather than an historian, i. 273.
  • On the violence of parties before the Revolution, ii. 350.
• Hungarians, their incursions into Lombardy, ii. 680.
• Hungary, rises to support Maria Theresa, iii. [265].
• Hunt. Leigh, his Comic Dramatists of the Restoration reviewed, iii. [47-100].
  • Too lenient toward their immorality, [51].
• Huntington, William, ii. 750.
• Hutchinson, Mrs., ii. 518.
• Hyder Ali, character of, iii. [175].
  • Invades India, [176].
  • Driven back by Coote, [178].

• Imhoff, Baron, meets Hastings, iii. [124].
  • Agrees to divorce his wife, [126].
• Imhoff, Baroness, her attachment to Warren Hastings, iii. [125].
  • Marries him, [163].
  • See Hastings, Mrs. Warren.
• Impey, Sir Elijah, a schoolmate of Hastings, iii. [118].
  • Sent to India as Chief Justice, [148].
  • Sentences Nuncomar, [153].
  • His conduct reprehensible, [156].
  • Attempts to enforce the English law in India, [168].
  • Bought off by Hastings, [172].
  • His conduct in the plundering of the Begums of Oude, [193].
  • Recalled to England, [194].
• India, foundation of the British Empire in, ii. 277, 280.
  • Early conduct of the English in, iii. [122].
  • Their government in, [127].
  • Regulating act for, [144].
  • English law not suited to, [168].
  • Advantages to the conquerors of the double governments in, [181].
• Induction, reasoning by, not invented by Bacon, ii. 475.
  • Utility of its analysis greatly overrated by Bacon, 476.
  • Example of its leading to absurdity, 479.
• Ireland, rebellion in, in 1640, ii. 41.
  • Essex's administration in, 386, 387.
  • Its condition under Cromwell's government, 519-521.
  • Its state contrasted with that of Scotland, 639.
  • Its union with England compared with the Persian fable of King Zohak, 640.
• Italian writers, criticisms on the principal, i. 1-39.
  • Dante, 1-22.
  • Petrarch, 23-39.
• Italy, her condition after the fall of Rome, i. 144.
  • Freedom maintained during the Middle Ages, 145.
  • Magnitude of her commerce, 147.
  • Progress of learning in, 148.
  • Art attains its zenith in, under Lorenzo the Magnificent, 150.
  • Decline of martial vigor, 151.
  • Use of mercenary soldiers in, 154.
  • Peculiar system of fashionable morality produced in, 156.
  • Character of her statesmen, 160.
  • Corruption of her politics, 168.
  • Feeling in, against the League of Cambray, 171.
  • Effect of the Reformation in, iii. [15].
• Italy, Narrative of Travels in, Addison's, iii. [430].

• Jacobins, their origin, ii. 72.
  • As a party in the French convention, urge the execution of the king, iii. [516].
  • Supported by the Paris mob, [519].
  • Condemn Marie Antoinette, [528].
  • And the Girondists, [532].
  • Begin the Reign of Terror, [533].
  • Incapacity of their leaders, [537].
  • Attack on Robespierre's faction, [553].
  • End of their power, [556], [563].
• James I., his folly and weakness, ii. 11.
  • Resembled Claudius Cæsar, 12.
  • Court paid to him by the English courtiers before the death of Elizabeth, 398.
  • His twofold character, 398.
  • His favorable reception of Bacon, 399.
  • His anxiety for the union of England and Scotland, 402.
  • His employment of Bacon in perverting the laws, 403.
  • His favors and attachment to Buckingham, 410, 411.
  • Absoluteness of his government, 417.
  • Summons Parliament, 422.
  • His political blunders, 422, 423.
  • His message to the Commons on the misconduct of Bacon, 425.
• James II., death of, i. 151.
  • Acknowledgment by Louis XIV. of his son as his successor, 152.
  • The favorite of the High Church party, 328.
  • His misgovernment, 329.
  • His claims as a supporter of toleration, 329-332.
  • His conduct toward Lord Rochester, 332.
  • His union with Louis XIV., 333.
  • His confidential advisers, 334.
  • See York, Duke of.
• Jardine, Mr., on the use of torture in England, ii. 408, note.
• Jeffreys, Judge, cruelty of, ii. 329.
• Jenyns, Soame, his Origin of Evil reviewed by Johnson, ii. 195.
• Jesuit Order, its theory and practice regarding heretics, ii. 334.
  • Its spirit and methods, iii. [20].
  • Fall of, [41].
• Jews, civil disabilities of, protested against, i. 641-655.
  • Christianity of the government no barrier to removing their disabilities, 642.
  • Political exclusion a form, not a fact, 644.
  • Their aloofness merely a result of persecution, 646.
  • Justice demands their fair treatment, 655.
• Johnson, Dr. Samuel, his view of history, i. 243.
  • Croker's Boswell's Johnson reviewed, 691-742.
  • Disdain of a French lady's library, 693.
  • Observations on Gibbon, 697.
  • Sells the Vicar of Wakefield, 698.
  • Dates of his university degrees, 699.
  • Epigram of, censured, 701.
  • Greatness of Boswell's life of, 711.
  • Our intimate knowledge of, 716.
  • His arrival in London, 717.
  • Small hope of patronage, 720.
  • Early poverty and misery, 721.
  • Last of the Grub Street hacks, 724.
  • Kindness of, 725.
  • Disregard of small grievances, 726.
  • Mixture of credulity and skepticism, 727.
  • Sentiments on religion, 728.
  • On politics, 730.
  • Judgments on books, 731.
  • How formed, 732.
  • His opinion of certain works, 733.
  • Observation of men and manners, 734.
  • Remarks on society narrow, 735.
  • Contempt of foreigners, 736.
  • Of travel and history, 738.
  • Mannerisms, 739.
  • His singular destiny, 742.
  • Friend of Dr. Burney, iii. [337].
  • Fondness for Fanny Burney, [351].
• Jones, Sir William, his distichs on a lawyer's division of time, i. 704.
• Jonson, Ben, on Bacon's eloquence, ii. 378.
  • Verses on the celebration of Bacon's sixtieth year, 421.
  • Tribute to Bacon, 442.
• Junius, probably Philip Francis, iii. [145].
• Juvenal, Johnson's aspersions on, i. 700.

• Keith, George, Earl Marischal of Scotland, at the court of Frederic the Great, iii. [279].
  • Killed at Hochkirchen, [319].
• Kimbolton, Lord, impeached, ii. 45.
• King's Friends, a party under George III., iii. [659].
• Kniperdoling and Robespierre, analogy between their followers, ii. 72.
• Knowledge, advancement of society in, ii. 178, 301.

• Labor, division of, ii. 606.
• Labourdonnais, his talents, ii. 677.
  • His treatment by the French government, 757.
• Lacedæmon, causes of the silent but rapid downfall of, i. 54, note.
• La Fontaine, his character, i. 713.
• Lalla Rookh, similes in, ii. 489.
• Lally, Governor, ii. 758.
• Lamb, Charles, defends the dramatists of the Restoration, iii. [53].
• Las Torres, Count of, ii. 164, 165.
• Latimer, Hugh, his popularity in London, ii. 433, 438.
• Latin tongue in Dante's time, i. 1.
• Laud, Archbishop, his errors, i. 336.
  • Not a traitor, 337.
  • His character, ii. 23.
  • His diary, 24.
  • His impeachment and imprisonment, 37.
  • His rigor against the Puritans, and tenderness towards the Catholics, 41.
• Laudohn, an Austrian general, beats Frederic at Hochkirchen, iii. [319].
  • At Kunersdorf, [322].
  • Defeated at Lignitz but takes Schweidnitz, [325].
• Lawrence, Major, his early notice of Clive, ii. 678.
• Legerdemain, ii. 372.
• Legge, Right Hon. H. B., ii. 264.
  • His dismissal, 265.
  • His return to the Exchequer, 268.
• Legislation, comparative views on, by Plato and by Bacon, ii. 463.
• Lennox, Charlotte, ii. 518.
• Letters of Phalaris, ii. 592-596.
• Liberty, its excesses, the reaction from tyranny, i. 119.
  • Cause of, espoused by Puritans, 132.
  • Maintained in the Italian towns of the Middle Ages, 145.
  • Its character in small states, 252.
• Lingard, Doctor, his account of the treatment of Lord Rochester by James II., ii. 332.
  • His ability as an historian, 533.
  • His strictures on the Triple Alliance, 533.
• Literature, rise of, in Italy, i. 148.
  • General consideration of the progress of, 190 et seq.
  • What epochs favorable to masterpieces, 190.
  • Influence of the critical faculty, 192.
  • Effect of technical skill, 198.
  • Rise of good imitative literature, 203.
  • Theories of, confirmed by history, 204.
• Literature, English, its quibbling character during James I.'s reign, i. 205.
  • Patronage of, 547.
  • Superseded by a system of puffs, 549.
  • Revival of, 591.
  • Encouragement of, by court favor, 718.
  • Patronage discontinued by Walpole, 719.
• Livy, as an historian, graceful but untruthful, i. 258.
• Locke, John, Sadler not comparable to, i. 657.
• Lollards, iii. [13].
• London, in the 17th century, ii. 47.
  • Devoted to the national cause, 48.
  • Its public spirit, 77, 78.
  • Its prosperity during the ministry of Lord Chatham, 279.
  • Conduct of, at the Restoration, 316.
  • Effects of the Great Plague upon, 525.
• Longinus, criticism of his work on the Sublime, i. 42.
• Louis XIV., his character and person, ii. 113-115.
  • His conduct in respect to the Spanish succession, 140, 141, 149.
  • His acknowledgment of James II.'s son as King of England, and its consequences, 152.
  • Sends an army into Spain to the assistance of his grandson, 158.
  • His proceedings in support of his grandson, Philip, 158-175.
  • His reverses in Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, 175.
  • His policy, 333.
  • Character of his government, 334, 335.
  • His military exploits, 501, 502.
  • His projects and affected moderation, 528.
  • His ill-humor at the Triple Alliance, 533.
  • His conquest of Franche Comté 534.
  • His treaty with Charles, 543.
• Louis XV., his government, ii. 757, 758.
• Louis XVIII., restoration of, compared with that of Charles II., ii. 311.
• Louisburg, fall of, ii. 276.
• Love, honorable and chivalrous, unknown to the Greeks, i. 25.
  • As delineated by the Roman poets, 25.
  • What the word implies in its modern sense, 26.
  • Change in the nature of the passion in the Middle Ages, 27.
• Love for Love, Congreve's, iii. [83].
• Loyola, Ignatius, his life and character, iii. [18].
  • Founds the Jesuit Order, [20].
• Luther, Martin, opposes the ancient philosophy, ii. 454.
• Lysias, speech of, for the Athenian tribunals, ii. 601.

• Macflecnoe, Dryden's, i. 233.
• Machiavelli, his name generally odious, i. 140.
  • Theories with regard to his Prince, 141.
  • His composite character, 143.
  • Better than his contemporaries, 163.
  • His genius as a dramatist, 163.
  • His dramas, 165-168.
  • Fiction and political correspondence, 168.
  • Dexterity as a diplomat, 169.
  • Patriotism, 171.
  • Efforts in behalf of military reform, 173.
  • His Art of War, 175.
  • The Prince and Discourses on Livy considered, 176.
  • Errors in, excusable, 178.
  • Compared to Montesquieu, 180.
  • His historical works, 183.
• Mackintosh, Sir James, review of his History of the
  • Revolution in England, ii. 283-356.
  • Comparison with Fox's History of James II., 284.
  • Character of his oratory, 285.
  • His conversational powers, 289.
  • His qualities as an historian, 290.
  • His vindication from the imputations of the editor, 293, 299-305.
  • Change in his opinions produced by the French Revolution, 294.
  • His moderation, 298-300.
  • His historical justice, 306.
• Maclean, Colonel, Hastings's agent in London, receives his resignation, iii. [152].
  • Presents it, [160].
• Madras, description of, ii. 674.
  • Its capitulation to the French, 677.
  • Restored to the English, 678.
• Madrid, capture of, by the English army in 1705, ii. 166, 167.
• Mahommed Reza Khan, candidate for minister of Bengal, iii. [129].
  • Appointed by Clive, [131].
  • Removed by order of the Court of Directors, [132].
  • Acquitted, [135].
• Mahon, Lord, review of his History of the War of the Succession in Spain, ii. 128-186.
  • His qualities as an historian, 128-130.
  • His explanation of the financial condition of Spain, 136, 137.
  • His opinions on the Partition Treaty, 141-143.
  • His representations of Cardinal Portocarrero, 154.
  • His opinion of the peace at the conclusion of the War of the Spanish Succession, 177.
  • His censure of Harley, 178.
  • His view of the resemblance of the Tories of 1832 to the Whigs of the Revolution, 178-181.
• Mahrattas, danger to India from, iii. [164].
• Malaga, naval battle near, in 1704, ii. 159.
• Malcolm, Sir John, review of his Life of Lord Clive, ii. 670-762.
  • Value of his work, 671.
  • His partiality for Clive, 708.
  • His defence of Clive's conduct towards Omichund, 717.
• Malthus, Thomas, his law of population attacked by Sadler, i. 610, 659.
  • Use of arithmetical terms objected to, 616.
  • His opinion as regards the United States, 636.
• Mandragola, The, i. 163. Its plot, 165.
• Mansfield, Murray, Lord, his character and talents, ii. 258.
  • His rejection of the overtures of Newcastle, 267.
  • His elevation, 267.
• Maria Theresa, her accession, iii. [257].
  • Rallies Hungary to her assistance, [265].
  • Cedes Silesia and wins Frederic, [266], [267].
  • Again attacked by Frederic, [268], [269].
  • Enmity toward him, [293].
  • Combines Europe against him, [294].
  • Makes peace with him, [328].
• Marlborough, Duke of, converted to Whiggism, ii. 176.
• Marsh, Bishop, opposes Calvinistic doctrine, ii. 653.
• Martin, Mr., an illustrator, unfortunate in his choice of subjects, i. 744.
• Mary, Queen, her persecutions more excusable than Elizabeth's, i. 292.
  • Fanaticism of, ii. 90.
• Massinger, Philip, his fondness for the Catholic Church, ii. 88.
• Mathematics, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 458.
• Mawbey, Sir Joseph, accuracy of his anecdote of Johnson, i. 698.
• Medicine, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 461-463.
• Meer Cossim, his talents, deposition, and revenge, ii. 733, 734.
• Meer Jaffier, his conspiracy, ii. 710.
  • His conduct during the battle of Plassey, 715.
  • His pecuniary transactions with Clive, 720, 721.
  • His proceedings on being threatened by the Great Mogul, 724, 725.
  • His fears of the English and intrigues with the Dutch, 726.
  • Deposed and reseated by the English, 733.
  • His death, 737.
  • His large bequest to Lord Clive, 745.
• Melancthon, ii. 68.
• Memmius, compared to Sir W. Temple, ii. 596.
• Memory, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 461.
• Mendoza, Hurtado de, ii. 133.
• Metcalf, Sir Charles, ii. 761.
• Mexico, exactions of Spanish viceroys in, ii. 733.
• Michell, Sir Francis, ii. 414, 424.
• Middleton, Dr., remarks on his Life of Cicero, ii. 360, 361.
• Mill, James, his Essay on Government, i. 381-422.
  • Style of reasoning, 384.
  • His objection to aristocratical government, 387.
  • To monarchy, 388.
  • Contradicted by history, 390.
  • His fallacious reasoning with regard to combinations of government, 396.
  • On representative governments, 403.
  • Error in his theory, 405.
  • His idea with regard to suffrage qualifications, 408.
  • Failure to gauge human nature correctly, 414.
  • His art a trick of legerdermain, 417, 418.
  • Westminster Reviewer's defence of, refuted, 423-459.
  • His inconsistency, 464.
  • His merits as an historian, ii. 306, 307.
  • Defects of his history of British India, 671.
  • His unfairness towards Clive's character, 708.
• Milton, John, compared with Dante, i. 13, 99.
  • His Essay on the Doctrines of Christianity recovered, 83.
  • Style and doctrines, 84.
  • His poetry his chief claim to recognition, 86.
  • His age unfavorable to his work, 86.
  • Excellence of his Latin verse, 91.
  • Suggestion the characteristic of his verse, 93.
  • L'Allegro and Il Penseroso, 94.
  • Samson Agonistes, 94.
  • Admiration for Euripides, 96.
  • Comus, 97.
  • Paradise Lost, 99.
  • His use of the supernatural, 104.
  • Character displayed in his poetry, 108.
  • His sonnets, 109. His public conduct, 110.
  • His support of public liberty approved, 121.
  • His defence of the regicides justified, 123.
  • His support of Cromwell creditable, 125.
  • His character a combination of the good elements of contemporary parties, 133, 134.
  • Prose writings, 137.
  • Blindness may have helped his work, 213.
  • His correctness considered, 584.
  • Admired by Byron, 595.
• Minden, battle of, ii. 279.
• Minorca, captured by the French, ii. 266.
• Mirabeau, Dumont's Recollections of, ii. 95-127.
  • His use of nicknames, 125.
  • Compared with Wilkes, 125.
  • With Chatham, 126.
• Missionary, story of a, i. 622.
• Mitford, Mr., his History of Greece criticised, i. 56-82.
  • His characteristics as an historian, 57.
  • His narration better than his predecessors', 60.
  • His skepticism and political bias, 61.
  • Partial to Lacedæmon, 64.
  • And Lycurgus, 67.
  • Prejudiced against Athens, 70.
  • Inaccuracy with regard to Demosthenes, 73.
  • With regard to Æschines, 75.
  • His neglect of the peaceful pursuits of the Greeks, 77.
  • His faults, 274.
• Molwitz, battle of, iii. [263].
• Mompesson, Sir Giles, conduct of Bacon in regard to his patent, ii. 414, 415.
  • Abandoned to the vengeance of the Commons, 424.
• Monarchy, the English, in the 16th century, ii. 75, 80.
• Monjuich, fortress of, captured by Peterborough, ii. 163, 164.
• Monopolies, during the latter part of Elizabeth's reign, ii. 382.
  • Multiplied under James, 414.
  • Connived at by Bacon, 414, 415.
• Monson, Mr., made Councillor in India, iii. [144].
  • Opposes Hastings, [148].
  • Dies, [160].
• Montagu, Basil, review of his edition of Lord Bacon's works, ii. 357-497.
  • Character of his work, 357-363.
  • His explanation of Lord Burleigh's conduct towards Bacon, 375.
  • His views and arguments in defence of Bacon's conduct towards Essex, 390-395.
  • His excuses for Bacon's use of torture, and his tampering with the judges, 405-408.
  • His reflections on Bacon's admonition to Buckingham, 416.
  • His complaints against James for not interposing to save Bacon, and for advising him to plead guilty, 427.
  • His defence of Bacon, 429-440.
• Montesquieu, his Spirit of Laws, compared to Machiavelli's Prince, i. 180.
  • Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.
• Montgomery, Robert, his poems reviewed, i. 546-568.
  • Passed off on the public as a great poet, 547.
  • His plagiarism and bad grammar, 556 et seq.
  • His descriptions, 560.
  • His personification, 563.
  • His unjustified popularity, 566.
  • His Satan, 566, 567.
• Montreal, captured by the British, ii. 277.
• Moore, Thomas, his Life of Lord Byron, i. 569-607.
  • Lalla Rookh, ii. 489.
• More, Sir Thomas, as a character in Southey's Colloquies, i. 506.
  • His feeling for the doctrine of transubstantiation, iii. [7].
• Mourning Bride, Congreve's, iii. [83].
• Munny Begum, given charge of the infant Nabob, iii. [134].
• Munro, Sir Thomas, ii. 761.
• Munster, Bishop of, ii. 525.
• Murray, Solicitor-General (1750), his character, ii. 258.
  • Professional ambition, 261.
  • Refuses Newcastle's overtures, 267.

• Nabobs, class of Englishmen so called, ii. 745-748.
• Napoleon, compared with Philip II. of Spain, ii. 131.
  • Anecdote of, 269.
  • His Old Guard compared with Clive's garrison at Arcot, 689.
  • His early proof of talents for war, 760.
• Nares, Rev. Dr., review of his Burleigh and his Times, ii. 63-94.
• Nelson, Southey's Life of, i. 499.
• Newcastle, Duke of, his relation to Walpole, ii. 217, 218.
  • His character, 229, 230.
  • His appointment as head of the administration, 260.
  • His negotiations with Fox, 261, 262.
  • Attacked in Parliament by Chatham, 263.
  • His intrigues, 267.
  • His resignation of office, 268.
  • Sent for by the king on Chatham's dismissal, 270.
  • Leader of the Whig aristocracy, 272.
  • Motives for his coalition with Chatham, 273.
  • His perfidy toward the king, 274.
  • His jealousy of Fox, 274.
  • His strong government with Chatham, 275.
  • Forms a coalition with Chatham, iii. [596].
  • His power, [597].
  • Displaced by Bute, [620].
• Newdigate, Sir Roger, his rule for prize poems, i. 585.
• Newton, John, his connection with the slave trade, ii. 432.
  • His belief in predestination, 653.
• Niagara, conquest of, ii. 276.
• Nimeguen, treaty of, ii. 549.
  • Its hollowness and unsatisfactoriness, 550.
• Nizam al Mulk, Viceroy of the Deccan, his death, ii. 684.
• North, Lord, makes Hastings Governor-General of India, iii. [144].
  • Tries to remove him, [160].
• Novum Organum, Lord Bacon's, quoted from, i. 447.
  • Use of quotation defended, 469.
  • Admiration excited by it before it was published, ii. 403.
  • And afterwards, 421.
  • Contrast between its doctrine and the ancient philosophy, 447, 455, 470.
  • Its first book the greatest performance of Bacon, 494.
• Nov, Attorney-General to Charles I., ii. 26.
• Nugent, Lord, review of his Memorials of John Hampden, his Party and his Times; ii. 1-62.
• Nuncomar, candidate for minister of Bengal, his character, iii. [129].
  • Disliked by Hastings, [133].
  • Used as a tool, [135].
  • Accuses Hastings before the Council, [150].
  • Seized on charge of felony, and convicted, [153].
  • His execution, [155].

• Oates, Titus, his plot, ii. 321-326.
• Ochino, Bernardo, sermons by, ii. 369.
• Ode to the Virgin, Petrarch's, i. 32.
• Old Bachelor, Congreve's, iii. [81].
• Oligarchy, has proved universally pernicious, i. 64.
• Omichund, his position in India, ii. 709.
  • His treachery toward Clive, 711-717.
• Omnipresence of the Deity, Montgomery's, criticised, i. 556.
• Orange, William, Prince of, ii. 537.
  • The only hope of his country, 542.
  • His success against the French 543.
  • His marriage with the Lady Mary, 550.
  • See William III.
• Orators, On the Athenian, i. 40-55.
• Oratory, excellence to which it attained at Athens, i. 45.
  • Circumstances favorable to that result, 46.
  • Principles upon which it is to be estimated, 49.
  • Causes of the difference between English and Athenian orators, 50.
  • History of, at Athens, 51.
  • Speeches of the ancients, as transmitted to us by Thucydides, 52.
  • Period during which it flourished most at Athens, 52.
  • Coincidence between the progress of the art of war and that of oratory, 54.
• Orme, his work on India, ii. 671.
• Orsini, Princess, ii. 154, 155, 169.
• Osborne, Sir Peter, and Sir William Temple, ii. 511.
• Ossian, poems of, utterly condemned, i. 20.
• Ostracism in Athens, i. 64.
• Oude, Hastings's dealings with the Prince of, iii. [137].
  • Monetary demands on, [188].
  • Begums of, plundered, [191].
• Overbury, Sir Thomas, ii. 436, 438.
• Oxford, University of, inferior to that of Cambridge, in intellectual activity, ii. 364.

• Painting, causes of its decline, in England after the civil wars, ii. 199.
• Paley, cited, i. 660. Mr. Gladstone on, ii. 605.
• Papacy, its antiquity, iii. [2].
  • Triumph at the Reformation due to public opinion, [25].
• Papists and Protestants, line of demarcation between, ii. 380.
• Paradise Lost, Milton's, i. 99.
• Parker, Archbishop, ii. 89.
• Parliament, recent demands on, i. 377.
  • Reform of, demanded, 378.
• Parliament of James I., ii. 13, 14.
  • Of Charles I., his first, 15, 16.
  • His second, 17.
  • Its dissolution, 18.
  • His fifth, 31.
  • Effect of the publication of its proceedings, 220.
• Parliament, the Long, its actions justified, i. 116.
  • Convened, 306.
  • Early measures approved, 316.
  • Attempt to seize five of its members, 318.
  • Loyal tendency of, 319.
  • Loyalists in, 320.
  • Attitude at the beginning of the war, 329.
  • Nineteen propositions of, 331.
  • Claims control of the militia, 333.
  • Its errors, 335.
  • Inclined to half measures at first, 338.
  • Growth of military party in, 339.
  • Gets into the hands of the army, 340.
  • Its first meeting, ii. 36.
  • Recapitulation of its acts, 37.
  • Its attainder of Strafford defended, 39, 40.
  • Sends Hampden to Edinburgh to watch the king, 41.
  • Refuses to surrender the members ordered to be impeached, 45.
  • Openly defies the king, 49.
  • Its conditions of reconciliation, 53.
• Pascal, Blaise, ii. 590.
• "Patriots, The," in opposition to Sir Robert Walpole, ii. 219.
  • Their remedies for state evils, 220-222.
• Paulet, Sir Amias, ii. 373.
• Peacham, Rev. Mr., his treatment by Bacon, ii. 405.
• Peel, Sir Robert, i. 701.
• Peerage, Sadler's assertion of its sterility refuted, i. 633, 684.
• Pelham, Henry, his character, ii. 228.
  • His death, 260.
• Pelhams, the, their ascendency, ii. 227.
  • Their accession to power, 255.
  • Feebleness of the opposition to them, 257.
• Peninsular War, Southey's, i. 500.
• People, the, in the 17th and 19th centuries, i. 543, 544.
  • Their welfare disregarded in partition treaties, ii. 141, 142.
• Pepys, Samuel, praises the Triple Alliance, ii. 536, note.
• Pericles, his eloquence, i. 53.
  • Distributes gratuities to Athenian tribunals, ii. 431.
• Périer, J. V., his translation of Machiavelli, i. 140.
• Peterborough, Earl of, his expedition to Spain, ii. 159.
  • His character, 159, 171.
  • His successes on the northeast coast of Spain, 161-166.
  • His retirement to Valencia thwarted, 170.
  • Returns to Valencia as a volunteer, 170.
  • His recall to England, 171.
• Pétion, the Girondist, iii. [523].
  • His unfortunate end, [527].
  • Saint Just's speech on his guilt, [528].
• "Petition of Right," enactment of the, ii. 17.
  • Violated by Charles I., 17, 27.
• Petrarch, influence of his poems on the literature of Italy, i. 5, 6.
  • Celebrity as a writer, 23.
  • His amatory verses, 25.
  • Causes co-operating to spread his renown, 26, 27.
  • His coronation at Rome, 28, 29.
  • His poetical powers, 30.
  • His genius, 31.
  • Paucity of his thoughts, 31.
  • His energy when speaking of the wrongs and degradation of Italy, 32.
  • His poems on religious subjects, 32.
  • Prevailing defect of his best compositions, 33.
  • His imitators, 34.
  • His sonnets, 35.
  • Remarks on his Latin writings, 36.
• Phalaris, Letters of, controversy upon their merits and genuineness, ii. 592-596.
• Philip II. of Spain, extent and splendor of his empire, ii. 130.
• Philip III. of Spain, his accession, ii. 148.
  • His character, 148-150.
  • His choice of a wife, 154.
  • Obliged to fly from Madrid, 166.
  • Surrender of his arsenal and ships at Carthagena, 167.
  • Defeated at Almenara, and again driven from Madrid, 173.
  • Forms a close alliance with his late competitor, 183.
  • Quarrels with France; value of his renunciation of the crown of France, 184.
• Philip, Duke of Orleans, regent of France, ii. 118-120.
  • Compared with Charles II. of England, 119, 120.
• Philips, Ambrose, friend of Addison, iii. [438].
• Philips, Sir Robert, ii. 425.
• Philosophical Church, the, iii. [39].
  • Its philanthropic tendency, [39].
  • Its extravagance, [42].
• Philosophy, ancient, its characteristics, ii. 445.
  • Its stationary character, 449, 465.
  • Its alliance with Christianity, 452, 453.
  • Its fall, 453.
  • Its merits compared with the Baconian, 465-469.
  • Reason of its barrenness, 482.
• Philosophy, moral, its relation to the Baconian system, ii. 472.
• Philosophy, natural, the light in which it was viewed by the ancients, ii. 445-452.
  • New features of Bacon's, 455.
• Pilgrim's Progress, Bunyan's, its characteristic peculiarity, i. 745.
  • Liked by all classes, 746.
  • Characters real beings, 748.
  • Not a consistent allegory, 749.
  • Portrays its author's internal conflicts, 754.
  • Depicts characters and judicial scenes typical of the time, 756.
• Pisistratus, Bacon's comparison of Essex to, ii. 388.
• Pitt, William, the elder. See Chatham, Earl of.
• Pitt, William, the younger, sides with Hastings at first, iii. [207].
  • Supports the Benares charge against him, [216].
  • Motive alleged, [219].
• Pius V., a bigot, ii. 662.
• Plain Dealer, Wycherley's, its appearance and merit, iii. [70], [79].
• Plassey, battle of, ii. 713-715.
  • Its effect in England, 723.
• Plato, never sullen, ii. 359.
  • Comparison of his views with those of Bacon, 456-469.
  • His excellence in the art of dialogue, 590.
• Plutarch, his school of historical writers, their faults, i. 251.
  • Out of sympathy with their subjects, 252.
  • Their cant about patriotism, 254.
  • Their influence on England slight, 255.
  • The French affected by, 257; ii. 124.
  • His evidence of gift-taking by Athenian judges, 431.
  • His anecdote of a speech by Lysias, 601.
• Poetry, semi-civilization most favorable to the creation of, i. 86.
  • Defined, 89.
  • Use of the supernatural in, 101, 102.
  • Application of criticism to, 191.
  • Need of skill in, 198.
  • Revivals of, 203.
  • Its decay retarded in England by the drama, 209.
  • Meaning of correctness in, 581.
  • Its object, 587.
  • Its imitation, 588.
  • Revival of, in England, 591.
  • Byron's share in its revival, 594.
• Pole, Cardinal, ii. 69.
• Politian, quoted, ii. 286.
• Political Science, progress of, ii. 300, 307, 303, 355, 356.
• Polybius, authenticity his only merit as an historian, i. 251.
• Pondicherry, ii. 686.
• Pope, Alexander, first English author to be free of patronage, i. 548.
  • Deterioration of his school, 591.
  • Admired by Byron, 594.
  • Enriched by political favors, 722.
  • Esteemed by Johnson, 733.
  • Friendship with Wycherley, iii. [74].
  • Defends Addison's Cato, [461].
  • Estranged from Addison, [469].
  • His character leads to a suspicion of malignity, [473].
  • Attacks Addison in Atticus, [474].
• Popes, the, restraint of, in Italy, i. 145.
  • Ranke's History of, reviewed, iii. [1-46].
• Popish Plot, the, ii. 321-325.
• Popoli, Duchess of, saved by the Earl of Peterborough, ii. 164.
• Population, theory of excess of, a reflection on the Deity, i. 611.
  • Sadler's law of, 615.
  • Disproved by evidence, 617.
  • Its dependence on wealth, 631.
  • Further refutation of Sadler's law, 670 et seq.
• Portico, school of the, its doctrines, ii. 450.
• Portocarrero, Cardinal, ii. 144-148.
  • Louis XIV.'s opinion of him, 154.
  • His disgrace and reconciliation with the Queen Dowager, 167.
• Posidonius, on the value of philosophy, ii. 445.
• Post Nati, the, great case of, in the Exchequer Chamber, conducted by Bacon; doubts upon the legality of the decision, ii. 402.
• Pragmatic Sanction, agreed to, iii. [257].
  • Entirely destroyed by Frederic the Great's action, [262].
• Prerogative, royal, curtailed by the Revolution, ii. 211.
  • Bolingbroke proposes to strengthen it, 211. See Crown.
• Press, the, emancipation of, i. 369.
  • Censorship of, in the reign of Elizabeth, ii. 76.
• Prince, The, Machiavelli's, i. 176.
  • Compared to Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws, 180.
• Printing, its inventor and the date of its discovery unknown, ii. 452.
• Privy Council, Temple's plan for its reconstitution, ii. 553.
  • Mr. Courtenay's opinion of its absurdity contested, 554-565.
  • Barillon's remarks upon it, 556.
• Progress of mankind, in the political and physical sciences, ii. 300-306.
  • In intellectual freedom, 380.
  • The key of the Baconian doctrine, 445.
  • How retarded by the unprofitableness of ancient philosophy, 445-472.
• Protestantism, early history of, ii. 73, 74.
  • Its attitude toward private judgment, 643.
  • Rapid advance of, iii. [14].
  • Struggle with Catholicism, [25].
  • Dissension in the ranks of, [28].
  • Vanquished and humbled, [34].
  • Productive of prosperity to its adherents, [36].
  • Non-extension of, remarkable, [45].
• Protestant Nonconformists, in the reign of Charles I., intolerance of, ii. 42.
• Protestants and Catholics, relative numbers of, in the 16th century, ii. 83, 84.
• Provence, earliest civilized portion of Western Europe, iii. [9].
• Prussia, king of, subsidized by the Pitt and Newcastle ministry, ii. 278.
  • Its beginnings, iii. [243].
  • Becomes a kingdom, [244].
  • Condition of, under Frederic the Great, [275].
  • Fearful devastation of, in the Seven Years' War, [329].
• Prynne, pilloried and mutilated, ii. 23, 29.
• Public opinion, power of, ii. 209.
• Public spirit, an antidote against bad government, ii. 78.
  • A safe-guard against legal oppression, 79.
• Puffing, used to float poor books, i. 549.
  • Method employed, 550.
  • Discreditable to the author puffed, 552.
  • Its effect, 553.
• Pulteney, William, his opposition to Walpole, ii. 213, 239.
  • Moved the address to the king on the marriage of the Prince of Wales, 246.
  • His unpopularity, 253.
  • Accepts a peerage, 254.
• Puritans, absurd and brilliant characteristics of, i. 128-132.
  • Theatres closed by, 209.
  • Persecution of, by Elizabeth, inexcusable, 295.
  • Their persecution by Charles I., ii. 22.
  • Settlement in America, 29.
  • Blamed for calling in the Scots, 34.
  • Defended against this accusation, 34, 35.
  • Difficulty and peril of their leaders, 44.
  • The austerity of their manners drove many to the royal standard, 55.
  • Their position at the close of the reign of Elizabeth, 380.
• Pym, John, intimate with Hampden, ii. 31.
  • His influence, 36.
  • His impeachment ordered by the King, 45.
  • Lady Carlisle's warning to him, 46.
• Pynsent, Sir William, his legacy to Chatham, iii. [645].

• Quebec, conquest of, by Wolfe, ii. 276.
• Quintilian, as a critic, i. 42.

• Raleigh, Sir Walter, ii. 94.
  • His position at court at the close of Elizabeth's reign, 383.
  • His execution, 413.
• Ramus, ii. 455.
• Ranke, Leopold, review of his History of the Popes, iii. [1-46].
  • His qualifications as an historian, [1], [44].
• Red-haired people, might be forced into the attitude of the Jews toward governments, i. 649.
• Reform Bill, ii. 268.
  • Conduct of its opponents, 336.
• Reformation, the, spirit of, in Europe, i. 296.
  • In England, 297.
  • Its immediate effect upon political liberty in England, ii. 8.
  • Analogy between it and the French Revolution, 71.
  • Its effect upon the Church of Rome, 138.
  • Vacillation which it produced in English legislation, 364.
  • Progress of, in northern Europe, iii. [14].
  • In Italy, [15].
  • In Spain, [16].
  • Effect of, on the Catholic Church, [22].
  • Degenerates into a political contest, [35].
• Reformers, always unpopular in their own age, ii. 303.
• Regium Donum, ii. 654.
• Religion, of the English, in the 16th century, ii. 85-89.
  • Injurious influence of Louis XIV. on, 118, 119.
  • Natural and revealed, does not admit of progress, iii. [4].
• Remedies of Good and Evil Fortune, Petrarch's, i. 37.
• Revolution of 1688, i. 366.
  • Review of Mackintosh's History of, ii. 283-356.
• Revolution, the French, social and political consequences of, ii. 71, 72, 99-101, 296, 297.
  • Terms in which it is spoken of by M. Dumont, 98-103, 294.
  • Compared with the English and with the American, 107, 122-124.
  • The first and second, 108-110.
  • Warnings which preceded it, 112-122.
• Richardson, Samuel, dependent on his shop for support, i. 723.
• Richelieu, Duke of, captures Minorca, ii. 266.
  • His frivolity and vice, iii. [312].
• Robertson, Dr., sometimes misplaced words ludicrously, ii. 477.
• Robinson, Sir Thomas, leader of the House of Commons, ii. 262, 263.
• Rockingham, Marquess of, leader of the independent Whigs, iii. [654].
  • Becomes first Lord of the Treasury, [655].
  • Brings Burke to his side, [656].
  • Action on the Stamp Act, [658].
  • Carries the repeal, [663].
  • Dismissed, [667].
  • Moderation toward the new government, [672].
  • Attitude toward Chatham, [680].
• Roe, Sir Thomas, advises the East India Company, ii. 737.
• Rohillas, their courage and independence, iii. [139].
  • Conquered for the Prince of Oude by British troops, [141].
• Roland, Madame, dying words of, ii. 100.
  • Execution of, iii. [533].
• Rome, its lack of progress in political science, i. 265.
  • Exclusive spirit of, 266.
  • Under the tutelage of Greece only, 267.
  • Literary torpor induced by despotism, 269.
  • Only broken by the barbarian invasions, 271.
  • Bribery at, ii. 431, 432.
• Rome, Church of, its encroaching disposition, ii. 322.
  • Its policy, 334.
  • Remarkable history of, iii. [2].
  • Rebellion against in Provence, [9].
  • Lollard movement against, [13].
  • The great reformation, [14].
  • Internal purification of, [18].
  • New enthusiasm in, [22].
  • Its contest with Protestantism, [24].
  • Superb organization of, [29].
  • Its utilization of enthusiasts, [30].
  • Degenerates again from its highest standard, [35].
  • Its territorial limit, [36].
  • Fourth attack on, [38].
  • Its calamities during the French Revolution, [42].
  • Again regained its position, [44].
• Rooke, Sir George, Rear Admiral, captures Gibraltar, ii. 158.
  • Fights with a French squadron near Malaga and returns to England, 159.
• Rosamond, opera of, Addison's, iii. [431].
• Rousseau, Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.
• Royalists, their good qualities, i. 132.
  • Many of them friends of the constitution, 328.
• Rulers, theoretical tendency of, i. 390.
  • Effect of public opinion on, 392.
• Rupert, Prince, ii. 48, 58.
  • His encounter with Hampden at Chalgrove, 59.
• Russell, Lord William, his conduct in the Council, ii. 581.
  • His death, 584.
• Russia, joins Maria Theresa against
  • Prussia, iii. [294].
  • Goes over to Prussia, [327].
• Rutland, Earl of, his character, ii. 423.
• Ruyter, Admiral de, in danger of assassination, ii. 542.

• Sackville, Earl of (16th century), ii. 93.
• Sackville, Lord George, ii. 728.
• Sadler, Michael Thomas, his Law of Population reviewed, i. 608-640.
  • His ranting style, 608.
  • Deems the asserted evil of superfecundity a reflection on the Deity, 611.
  • Attempts to distinguish this from other evils, 613.
  • His law of population, 615.
  • Misuse of mathematical terms, 616.
  • His law proved false, 618.
  • Danger of attaching such theories to religion, 621.
  • His law at most merely a theory of superfecundity, 623.
  • Evidence entirely against him, 624-627.
  • Connection between fecundity and wealth, 631.
  • Unfounded assertion of the sterility of the Peerage, 632.
  • His conclusions with regard to the United States, 636.
  • His ideas on their population, 637.
  • His faults summarized, 640.
  • His Refutation refuted, 656-690.
  • His motto ridiculed, 656.
  • His essay utterly bad, 657.
  • Tries to evade his attack on Malthus, 659.
  • His doctrine with regard to evil refuted, 661.
  • Claims that Malthus charges the Deity with partiality, 663.
  • Accused of "packing," 670, 680.
  • His theory disproved by general conditions in France, 670.
  • And in England, 675.
  • Especially by conditions in English towns, 680.
  • His further deductions from the fecundity of the nobility, 684.
  • General remarks on his work, 690.
• St. John, Henry, his accession to power in 1712, ii. 177, 186. See Bolingbroke, Lord.
• St. John, Oliver, counsel against Charles I.'s writ for ship-money, ii. 28, 32-34.
  • Made Solicitor-General, 40.
• St. Louis, his persecution of heretics, ii. 432.
• St. Maloes, ships burnt in the harbor of, ii. 276.
• Saint Simon, cited, ii. 116, 184.
• Sallust, characteristics of, as an historian, i. 259.
  • His Conspiracy of Catiline criticised, 260.
  • His character and genius, ii. 358.
• Samson Agonistes, modelled on the Greek Drama, i. 95.
• Satan, Montgomery's, worse than his other poor poems, i. 566.
• Schitab Roy, ii. 133.
• Scotland, cruelties of James II. in, ii. 331.
  • Establishment of the Kirk in, 345, 639.
• Scots, the, effects of their resistance to Charles I., ii. 30, 31.
• Scott, Major, selected by Hastings as his champion in Parliament, iii. [205].
  • Challenges Burke to an impeachment, [213].
• Scott, Sir Walter, i. 594.
  • His error in Peveril of the Peak, 599.
• Sedley, Catherine, ii. 340.
• Seneca, his work On Anger, ii. 446.
  • His claims as a philosopher, 447.
  • His work on natural philosophy, 451.
  • The Baconian system in reference to, 482.
• Seven Years' War, how brought about, iii. [294].
  • Saxony overrun by Prussians, [304].
  • Battle of Lowositz, [304].
  • Bohemia invaded, [305].
  • Battle at Kolin, [306], [307].
  • French defeated by Frederic at Rosbach, [313].
  • Austrians at Leuthen, [314].
  • Russians at Zorndorf, [318].
  • Frederic repulsed at Hochkirchen by the Austrians, [319].
  • At Kunersdorf, [322].
  • Prussian victories at Lignitz and Torgau, [325].
  • Political changes in the coalition, [326].
  • End of, [328].
• Shaftesbury, Lord, allusion to, ii. 508.
  • His character, 568-573.
  • Contrasted with Halifax, 574-576.
• Shakespeare, his lack of critical power, i. 205.
  • His correctness considered, 582, 584.
  • Revival of, 591.
  • His partiality for friars, ii. 88.
  • Allusion to, 94.
  • His character-drawing, iii. [383].
• Shelley, the poet, his strong imagination, i. 748.
• Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, his speech charging Hastings with the spoliation of the Begums, iii. [220].
  • Speaks on the same subject at the trial, [228].
• Ship-money, question of its legality, ii. 27.
• Silesia, occupied by Frederic, iii. [263].
  • Ceded to Prussia by Maria Theresa, [267].
• Skinner, Cyriac, i. 83.
• Slavery, evils of, i. 71.
• Smith, Adam, ii. 751.
• Smollett, his judgment on Lord Carteret, ii. 226.
  • His satire on the Duke of Newcastle, 229.
• Socrates, his views on the uses of astronomy, ii. 459.
• Somers, Lord Chancellor, coöperates with Montague to encourage literature, iii. [409].
  • Loses power, [422].
  • Returns to the Council, [432].
• Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of, his fall, ii. 410.
• Southampton, Earl of, ii. 399, 400.
• Southey, Robert, his Colloquies on Society reviewed, i. 496-545.
  • Their dulness, 496.
  • Lack of logic, 498.
  • His other works discussed, 499.
  • His style and bitterness toward opponents, 501.
  • His political system a matter of feeling, 503.
  • Hatred of the manufacturing system, 508.
  • Acknowledges, ignorance of political economy, 512.
  • His misunderstanding of credit, 513.
  • Views on the national debt, 514.
  • On public works, 517.
  • Claims that all government rests on religion, 520.
  • His advocacy of paternalism, 522.
  • Of religious uniformity, 526.
  • Feeling with regard to Catholics, 530.
  • On the happiness of the common people, 533.
  • Believes a people may be too rich, 540.
  • His gloomy prophecy for the future, 541.
  • His Life of Bunyan, 743.
• Spain, review of Lord Mahon's War of the Succession in, ii. 128-186.
  • Her state under Philip, 131.
  • Her literature during the 16th century, 133.
  • Her state a century later, 134.
  • Effect produced on her by bad government, 137.
  • By the Reformation, 139; iii. [16].
  • Her disputed succession, ii. 140.
  • The Partition Treaty, 141-143.
  • Conduct of the French toward her, 143, 144.
  • How affected by the death of Charles, 148 et seq.
• Sparre, the Dutch general, ii. 156.
• Sparta, dearth of eminent men in, i. 64.
  • Its stability not to be admired, 65.
  • Its public perfidy, 66.
  • Domestic unreasonableness, 67.
  • Slavery in, 72.
• Stanhope, Earl of, ii. 238.
• Stanhope, General, ii. 163.
  • Commands in Spain (1707), 172-175.
• Star Chamber, the, ii. 23, 29, 34. Abolished, 38.
• Staremberg, the imperial general in Spain (1707), ii. 172, 175.
• State Trials, ii. 324, 348.
• Steele, Richard, character of, iii. [439].
  • Starts the Tatler, [442], [443].
  • Retained in office under pledge of neutrality between the parties, [452].
  • Starts the Spectator, [452].
  • The Guardian, [457].
  • The Englishman, [463].
  • His estrangement from Addison, [479].
  • Publishes the Plebeian attacking the Peerage Bill, [481].
• Stewart, Dugald, i. 43; ii. 372.
• Strafford, Earl of, his impeachment, i. 307.
  • His arbitrary plans, 308.
  • Justice of his attainder considered, 310.
  • Hallam's view of his punishment, 312.
  • Kindness of Parliament to his children, 314.
  • Treachery of Charles I. to, 315.
  • His character, ii. 24-26.
  • His impeachment, attainder, and execution, 37.
  • Defence of the proceedings against him, 39.
• Sublime, Longinus on the, discussion of, by Burke and Dugald Stewart, i. 43.
• Suetonius, quoted, ii. 12, 13.
• Suffrage, universal, utilitarians in favor of, i. 486.
• Sujah Dowlah, Nabob Vizier of Oude, buys Allahabad and Corah from Hastings, iii. [137].
  • Covets Rohilcund, [139].
  • Helped in conquering it by British troops, [141].
• Sulivan, Mr., chairman of the India Company, his character, ii. 732.
  • His relation to Clive, 736.
• Sumner, Charles R., translator of
  • Milton's Treatise on Christian Doctrine, i. 83.
• Sunderland, Earl of, ii. 238.
• Surajah Dowlah, Viceroy of Bengal, his character, ii. 702.
  • The monster of the Black Hole, 703, 704.
  • Defeated by Clive at Plassey, 714.
  • His flight and death, 716, 720.
  • Investigation by the House of Commons into the circumstances of his deposition, 754.
• Sweden, a member of the Triple Alliance, ii. 533.
• Swift, Jonathan, his position at Sir William Temple's, ii. 586.
  • His wit compared to Addison's, iii. [445].
  • Dreads Addison's wit, [451].
  • Becomes his friend, [465].
• Sydney, Algernon, reproaches the sheriffs on the scaffold, ii. 350.
• Sydney, Sir Philip, ii. 93.
• Syllogistic process, analysis of, by Aristotle, ii. 478.

• Tacitus, greatest Latin historian, i. 261.
  • Excellence of his characterization, 262.
• Talleyrand, his fine perception of character, ii. 507.
• Tasso, his Secchia Rapita characterized, i. 6.
• Temple, Lord, First Lord of the Admiralty in the Duke of Devonshire's administration, ii. 268.
  • His parallel between Byng's behavior at Minorca and the king's behavior at Oudenarde, 270.
  • Head of a Whig faction, iii. [599].
  • Resigns with Pitt, [616].
  • Reputation for underhand work, [627].
  • Persuades Pitt not to succeed Grenville, [650].
• Temple, Sir William, review of Courtenay's Memoirs of, ii. 498-599.
  • His character as a statesman, 500-508.
  • His family, 508, 509.
  • His early life, 510.
  • His courtship of Dorothy Osborne, 511-513.
  • Historical interest of his love-letters, 513, 516.
  • His marriage, 518.
  • His residence in Ireland, 518.
  • His feelings toward Ireland, 521.
  • Attaches himself to Arlington, 523, 525.
  • His embassy to Munster, 526.
  • Appointed resident at the Court of Brussels, 526.
  • Danger of his position, 528.
  • His interview with De Witt, 529.
  • His fame at home and abroad, 536.
  • His recall and farewell of De Witt, 538.
  • His cold reception and dismissal, 539.
  • Style and character of his compositions, 541.
  • Charged to conclude a separate peace with the Dutch, 547, 550.
  • Offered the Secretaryship of State, 548, 550.
  • His audiences of the king, 549, 554.
  • His share in bringing about the marriage of the Prince of Orange with the Lady Mary, 550.
  • Required to sign the treaty of Nimeguen, 550.
  • Recalled to England, 551.
  • His plan of a new privy council, 553-565.
  • His alienation from his colleagues, 580, 581.
  • His conduct on the Exclusion Question, 582.
  • Leaves public life and retires to the country, 583.
  • Swift, his amanuensis, 586.
  • His literary pursuits, 588.
  • His Essay on Ancient and Modern Learning, 590.
  • His Essay on the Letters of Phalaris, 592.
  • His death and character, 596-599.
• Terror, Reign of, iii. [533].
  • Smallness of the leaders in, [537].
  • End of; the ninth Thermidor, [555].
• Tessé, Marshal, ii. 165.
• Thackeray, Rev. Francis, review of his Life of the Rt. Hon. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, etc., ii. 232-282.
  • His style and matter, 232, 233, 251.
  • His omission to notice Chatham's conduct toward Walpole, 252, 253.
• Theramenes, his fine perception of character, ii. 507.
• Thucydides, character of the speeches of the ancients, as transmitted to us by him, i. 51.
  • Difference of his history from that of Herodotus, 242.
  • Master of his art, 245.
  • His use of fictitious speeches, 246.
  • Inability to deduce principles from facts, 247.
  • General characteristics, 249.
• Thurlow, Lord Chancellor, takes sides against Clive, ii. 756.
  • Espouses the cause of Hastings, iii. [207].
• Tickell, Thomas, a friend of Addison, iii. [440].
  • His trouble with Pope over their rival translations of the Iliad, [471].
• Tindal, Nicholas, his characterization of the Earl of Chatham's maiden speech, ii. 246.
• Toledo, admission of the Austrian troops into, in 1705, ii. 167.
• Toleration Act, the, its provisions, ii. 344, 345.
• Toleration, religious, conduct of James II. as a professed supporter of, ii. 329, 332, 336.
• Tories, their popularity and ascendency in 1710, ii. 175.
  • Tories of 1830 and Whigs of Queen Anne's time compared, 178, 179.
  • Description of them during the sixty years following the Revolution, 186.
  • Of Walpole's time, 238, 243.
  • Mistaken reliance of James II. upon, 340.
  • Their principles and conduct after the Revolution, 354.
  • Contempt into which they had fallen (1754), 698.
  • Clive unseated by their vote, 699.
  • Compared with the Whigs, iii. [592].
  • How regarded under the early Georges, [594].
  • Admitted to some positions under the Pitt-Newcastle coalition, [602].
• Torture, the application of, by Bacon, in Peacham's case, ii. 404-408.
  • Its use forbidden by Elizabeth, 407.
  • Mr. Jardine's work on the use of it, 408.
• Toulouse, Count of, compelled by Peterborough to raise the siege of Barcelona, ii. 165, 166.
• Towns, concentration in, important in mediæval Italy, i. 144.
• Townshend, Lord, his quarrel with Walpole and retirement from public life, ii. 240.
• Tragedy, how much it has lost from a false notion of what is due to its dignity, ii. 514.
• Treason, High, law passed at the Revolution respecting trials for, ii. 351.
• Triple Alliance, circumstances which led to it, ii. 527-531.
  • Its speedy conclusion and importance, 533-537.
  • Dr. Lingard's remarks on it, 533, 534.
  • Its abandonment by the English government, 540.
  • Reverence for it in Parliament, 546.
• Tudor sovereigns, their government popular though despotic, ii. 76.
  • Dependent on the public favor, 80.
  • Parallel between the Tudors and the Cæsars not applicable, 81.
  • Corruption not necessary to them, 209.
• Turgot, M., ii. 121.

• United Provinces, Temple's account of, a masterpiece, ii. 541.
• United States, its growth in population considered, i. 636.
• Utilitarians, their admiration for James Mill, i. 381.
  • Of little consequence, 422.
  • Their great principle, 449.
  • Their unfounded professions, 460.
  • Their argument for universal suffrage, 486.
• Utility, the key of the Baconian doctrine, ii. 445.
• Utrecht, Treaty of, exasperation of parties on account of, ii. 181.
  • Dangers that were to be apprehended from, 182.
  • State of Europe at the time, 182.
  • Defence of, 184-186.

• Vane, Sir Harry, ii. 33.
• Vansittart, Mr., his governorship of India, iii. [121].
• Vendôme, Louis, Duke of, takes the command of the Bourbon forces in Spain (1710), ii. 173, 174.
• Verres, extensive bribery at the trial of, ii. 431.
• Vicar of Wakefield, Goldsmith's, error in regard to its date of publication, i. 698.
• Vices, effect of public sanction on, i. 162.
• Vigo, capture of the Spanish galleons at, in 1702, ii. 157.
• Villani, John, his account of Florence in the fourteenth century, i. 148.
• Villa-Viciosa, battle of (1710), ii. 175.
• Virgil, idolized by Dante, i. 20.
• Voltaire, compared to Byron, i. 596.
  • Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.
  • His partiality to England, 758.
  • Meditated a history of the conquest of Bengal, 758.
  • Acquaintance with Frederic the Great, iii. [254].
  • Ambassador to Prussia, [268].
  • His characteristics, [283].
  • Goes to Berlin, [285].
  • Quarrels with Frederic, [289].
  • Dismissed with indignities, [291].
  • Communication with Frederic renewed, [309].
  • His wit compared to Addison's, [445].

• Waldegrave, Lord, made First Lord of the Treasury by George II.;
  • his attempt to form an administration, ii. 275.
• Wales, Frederick, Prince of, joins the opposition to Walpole, ii. 244.
  • His marriage, 246.
  • Makes Pitt his groom of the bedchamber, 251.
  • His death, 257.
• Wales, Princess dowager of, her influence on George III., iii. [606].
• Waller, Edmund, his conduct in the House of Commons, ii. 329.
• Walpole, Sir Horace, review of Lord Dover's edition of his Letters to Sir Horace Mann, ii. 187-231.
  • Eccentricity of his character, 188, 189.
  • His politics, 190-192.
  • His affectation of philosophy, 192.
  • His unwillingness to be considered a man of letters, 193.
  • His love of the French language, 195.
  • Character of his works. 198-200.
  • His sketch of Lord Carteret, 225, 226.
• Walpole, Sir Robert, cared little for literature, i. 719, 722.
  • His retaliation on the Tories for their treatment of him, ii. 182.
  • The "glory of the Whigs," 207.
  • His character, 207 et seq.
  • The charge against him of corrupting the Parliament, 211.
  • His dominant passion, 212, 214.
  • His conduct in regard to the Spanish war, 213, 214.
  • Formidable character of the opposition to him, 215, 243.
  • Outcry for his impeachment, 217.
  • His last struggle, 218.
  • His conduct in reference to the South Sea bubble, 237.
  • His conduct toward his colleagues, 239-242.
  • Finds it necessary to resign, 252.
  • Bill of indemnity for witnesses brought against him, 253.
• Walsingham, Earl of (16th century), ii. 93.
• War, Art of, Machiavelli's, i. 175.
• War, adaptability of a people to, i. 151.
  • In Greece, 152.
  • In the Middle Ages, 153.
  • With mercenary troops, 154.
• War of the Spanish Succession, Lord Mahon's, review of, ii. 128-186.
  • See Spain.
• Warburton, Bishop, his views on the ends of government, ii. 605.
  • His social contract a fiction, 659.
  • His opinion as to the religion to be taught by government, 664.
• Way of the World, Congreve's, iii. [94].
• Wedderburne, Alexander, his able defence of Lord Clive, ii. 756, 757.
  • Urges Clive to furnish Voltaire with the materials for his meditated history of the conquest of Bengal, 758.
• Weldon, Sir A., his story of the meanness of Bacon, ii. 420.
• Wellesley, Marquess, his eminence as a statesman, ii. 555.
• Wendover, its recovery of the elective franchise, ii. 15.
• Wentworth, Thomas. See Strafford.
• Wesley, John, Southey's Life of, i. 500.
  • His dislike to the doctrine of predestination, ii. 653.
• Whately, Richard, Archbishop of Dublin, his work on logic, ii. 481.
• Wheler, Mr., appointed Governor-General in India, iii. [160].
  • Obliged to be content with a seat in the Council, [163].
• Whigs, their unpopularity and loss of power in 1710, ii. 176, 177.
  • Their position in Walpole's time, 242-244.
  • Their violence in 1679, 325.
  • The king's revenge on them, 327, 328.
  • Revival of their strength. 329.
  • Their conduct at the Revolution, 343.
  • After that event, 352.
  • Doctrines and literature patronized by them during the seventy years they were in power, 353, 354.
  • Mr. Courtenay's remark on those of the 17th century, 499.
  • Compared with the Tories, iii. [592].
  • Power of, injured by the fall of Walpole, [594].
  • Their power under the Pitt-Newcastle coalition, [599].
  • Influential members of the party, [600].
  • Their animosity excited by Bute, [624].
• Whig and Tory, inversion of the meaning of, ii. 177.
• Whitgift, master of Trinity College, Cambridge, his character, ii. 372.
  • His Calvinistic doctrines, 653.
• Wilberforce, William, describes Pitt's speech against Hastings, iii. [219].
• Wilkes, John, compared to Mirabeau, ii. 125, 126.
  • Attacks the princess dowager in print, iii. [626].
  • Persecuted by Grenville's government, [639], [642].
  • Flees to France, [643].
  • Trouble over his election from Middlesex, [678].
• Wilkie's Epigoniad, compared with Fénelon's Telemachus, ii. 116.
• William III., only one to derive glory from the Revolution, i. 366.
  • Perfidy of statesmen under, 368.
  • His feeling in reference to the Spanish Succession, ii. 140.
  • Unpopularity of his person and measures, 150.
  • Suffered under a complication of diseases, 151.
  • His death, 152.
  • Compact with the Convention, 343.
  • His habit of consulting Temple, 588.
• Williams, Dean of Westminster, his services to Buckingham, and counsel to him and the king, ii. 423, 424, 427.
• Williams, Sir Charles, his lampoons, ii. 195.
• Williams, Sir William, Solicitor-General, his character as a lawyer and his view of the duty of counsel in conducting prosecutions, ii. 394.
• Wimbledon Church, Lord Burleigh hears mass at, ii. 67.
• Windham, William, his opinion of Sheridan's speech against Hastings, iii. [220].
  • His argument for retaining Francis in the impeachment against Hastings, [222].
  • His appearance at the trial, [226].
  • His adherence to Burke, [233].
• Witt, John de, power with which he governed Holland, ii. 525.
  • His interview with Temple, 529.
  • His manners, 533.
  • His confidence in Temple and deception by Charles's court, 538, 539.
  • His violent death, 542.
• Wolfe, General, Pitt's panegyric upon, ii. 249.
  • His conquest of Quebec, and death, 276.
  • Monument voted to him, 277.
• Wordsworth, William, his independence, i. 595.
  • A high priest of nature, 597.
  • Quoted, ii. 235.
• Writing, grand canon of, ii. 129.
• Wycherley, William, birth and education, iii. [63], [64].
  • Early plays, [65].
  • Connection with the Duchess of Cleveland, [66].
  • Naval adventures, [69].
  • Marries Lady Drogheda, [70].
  • Imprisoned for debt, [71].
  • Poetical work, [73].
  • Friendship with Pope, [74].
  • Death, [76].
  • Character and ability, [77].
  • Compared to Congreve, [77], [100].

• Xenophon, his rank as an historian, i. 250.
  • Compared to Herodotus, 251.

• Yonge, Sir William, ii. 242.
• York, Duke of (afterwards James II.), ii. 552.
  • Anxiety excited by his sudden return from Holland, 580.
  • Detestation of, 580.
  • Revival of the question of his exclusion, 582. See James II.
• York House, the London residence of Bacon and of his father, ii. 420, 442.
• Young, Edward, pensioned by Walpole, i. 722.

• Zohak, King, Persian fable of, ii. 640.