| Page |
| INTRODUCTION, | [1] |
| SOURCES OF ROMAN HISTORY, | [2] |
| Its authenticity, | [2] |
| The use of letters of great antiquity among the Romans, | [4] |
| Annales maximi, Annales pontificum, | [5] |
| Fasti, | [9] |
| Commentarii pontificum, | [10] |
| Libri pontificum, augurales, | [10] |
| Laudationes funebres, | [11] |
| Poetical traditions, | [12] |
| Family chronicles, | [15] |
| Cn. Nævius, | [16] |
| Q. Fabius Pictor, | [18] |
| Numerius Fabius Pictor, | [21] |
| Other historians, bearing the name of Fabius, or Pictor, | [21] |
| L. Cincius Alimentus, | [22] |
| C. Acilius, A. Postumius Albinus, Cn. Aufidius, | [23] |
| Q. Ennius, | [23] |
| M. Porcius Cato, | [26] |
| L. Cassius Hemina, | [26] |
| Servius Fabius Pictor, | [27] |
| Cn. Gellius. Vennonius, | [28] |
| L. Calpurnius Piso, | [29] |
| Q. Claudius Quadrigarius, | [30] |
| Q. Valerius Antias, | [32] |
| C. Licinius Macer, | [33] |
| Junius Gracchanus. Fenestella, | [34] |
| Forged historians, | [34] |
| Q. Ælius Tubero. T. Pomponius Atticus, | [35] |
| Cicero, | [35] |
| C. Sallustius Crispus, | [36] |
| L. Cornelius Sisenna, | [37] |
| Diodorus Siculus, | [37] |
| Dionysius of Halicarnassus, | [38] |
| T. Livius, | [45] |
| Velleius Paterculus, | [57] |
| Fabius Rusticus, | [58] |
| Epitome of Livy. L. Annæus Florus. Eutropius, | [58] |
| Orosius. Plutarch, | [59] |
| Appian, | [60] |
| Dio Cassius Cocceianus, | [61] |
| Xiphilinus, | [64] |
| Joannes Zonaras, | [65] |
| The middle ages, | [66] |
| The modern times, | [68] |
| Glareanus, Panvinius, Sigonius, | [68] |
| Stephen Pighius, | [69] |
| John Freinsheim, | [70] |
| James Perizonius, Montesquieu, Bayle, | [71] |
| Beaufort, Rollin, Hooke, Ferguson, | [72] |
| Levesque, Micali, | [73] |
| Auxiliary sciences. Geography, Mannert, Cluverius, | [75] |
| D’Anville, | [76] |
| Reichardt, | [77] |
| IMPORTANCE OF ROMAN HISTORY, | [78] |
| MANNER IN WHICH THE EARLY HISTORY OF ROME ORIGINATED, | [79] |
| Impossibility of the earliest history, | [80] |
| Numerical system in the chronological statements, | [82] |
| Sæcula of the Etruscans, | [83] |
| Ancient lays, | [85] |
| Etruscan historical works. Emperor Claudius, | [87] |
| The Saturnian verse, | [89] |
| Neniæ, | [91] |
| Epic poems, family records, family vanity, | [92] |
| National vanity, spirit of caste, | [93] |
| THE EARLIEST HISTORY, | [94] |
| Pelasgians, their spreading, | [95] |
| Samothrace, | [96] |
| Siculians, Italians, | [97] |
| Œnotrians, Peucetians, Liburnians, Tyrrhenians, | [98] |
| Opicans, Apulians, Volscians, Æquians, Sabellians, | [98] |
| Umbrians, | [99] |
| Siculians in Italy, Aborigines, | [100] |
| Latins, | [101] |
| The same traditions often told in contradictory ways, | [101] |
| Cascans, | [103] |
| Sacranians, ver sacrum, Priscans, Prisci Latini, | [104] |
| Origin of the Latin language, | [105] |
| Traditions concerning the Troian origin of Rome, | [106] |
| Alban chronology, | [107] |
| Alba longa. Populi Albenses, | [107] |
| Thirty Latin towns, | [108] |
| Roma, town on the Palatine mount, | [110] |
| Romulus. Tradition concerning his descent, | [111] |
| Interpretations of the legend, | [113] |
| Romulus and Remus. Remuria, | [114] |
| Asylum, | [116] |
| Rape of the Sabines, | [117] |
| Union of the Romans and Sabines, | [118] |
| End of Romulus, | [118] |
| Organic division of the population, | [119] |
| Sabines, | [120] |
| Towns on the Palatinus and the Quirinal, | [121] |
| Double state, | [122] |
| Union of the two states, | [123] |
| Numa Pompilius, | [125] |
| Tullus Hostilius, | [125] |
| War with Alba, | [126] |
| Formular of the declaration of war, | [127] |
| Third tribe of the population, | [129] |
| Ancus Martius, | [131] |
| War with the Latins, | [131] |
| Foundation of Ostia, | [132] |
| Origin of the Plebes, | [133] |
| Tarquinius Priscus. His Greek descent, | [133] |
| His Latin origin, | [135] |
| Building of the Cloaca maxima, | [138] |
| Traces of a powerful Roman state, | [139] |
| The number of the centuries doubled, | [140] |
| Etruscans, | [141] |
| Tyrrhenians, | [143] |
| Cæles Vibenna, | [154] |
| Servius Tullius. Mastarna, | [155] |
| Constitution of Servius Tullius, | [157] |
| Gentes, | [159] |
| Curies, | [161] |
| Clients, | [170] |
| Tribes, | [172] |
| Centuries, | [174] |
| Census, | [179] |
| Further legislation of Servius Tullius, | [184] |
| Relation to the Latins, | [185] |
| Enlargement of the city, | [187] |
| Tunnel, | [189] |
| Wall of Servius Tullius, | [190] |
| The legend of Mastarna criticised, | [190] |
| L. Tarquinius Superbus, | [193] |
| War with the Latins, | [195] |
| Alliance with Carthage, | [195] |
| Military system, | [197] |
| THE REFUGIUM. ROME A REPUBLIC, | [198] |
| L. Junius Brutus, | [198] |
| Abolition of the regal dignity, | [202] |
| The consulate, | [203] |
| Valerius Poplicola. The Valerian laws, | [207] |
| Porsena, | [208] |
| War of the Etruscans against Rome, | [210] |
| Mucius Scævola, | [210] |
| Peace of Porsena. Reduction of the tribes, | [212] |
| The Latins take the position of equals, | [214] |
| Battle at the Regillus, | [216] |
| Isopolity, | [219] |
| League of Sp. Cassius; union of the Romans, Latins and Hernicans, | [219] |
| Dictatorship, | [221] |
| War with the Auruncians, | [222] |
| SECESSION OF THE PLEBES. LAW OF DEBT. INSTITUTION OF THE TRIBUNATE, | [224] |
| Counter-revolutionary attempts, | [224] |
| Law of debt, | [226] |
| Nexum, | [230] |
| Refractoriness of the Plebes, | [232] |
| Secession of the Plebeians, | [236] |
| Peace between the two orders. Tribuni Plebis, | [239] |
| WARS WITH THE VOLSCIANS AND ÆQUIANS. LEAGUE WITH THE HERNICANS, | [244] |
| The legend of Coriolanus shown to be out of place here, | [244] |
| Division of the Volscian wars, | [245] |
| Alliance with the Hernicans, | [246] |
| Sp. Cassius, | [248] |
| THE AGRARIAN LAW. SP. CASSIUS. EMIGRATION OF THE FABII. THE PUBLILIAN ROGATIONS, | [249] |
| The agrarian law, | [250] |
| Difference between ownership and possession, | [254] |
| Lex Cassia, | [256] |
| Execution of Sp. Cassius, | [257] |
| Elections of the consuls exclusively performed by the senate and the curies, | [259] |
| Consular elections divided between the curies and the centuries, | [261] |
| War against the Veientines, | [261] |
| The Fabii pronounce themselves for the plebeians, | [262] |
| Settlement of the Fabii at the Cremera, | [262] |
| Defeat at the Cremera, | [263] |
| Consuls arraigned by the tribunes, | [265] |
| Murder of Cn. Genucius, | [267] |
| Volero Publilius. Rogations of Publilius, | [268] |
| Public proceedings in the popular assemblies, | [269] |
| Opposition of Appius Claudius, | [272] |
| WARS WITH THE VOLSCIANS AND ÆQUIANS. PLAGUE. CINCINNATUS. CÆSO QUINCTIUS. CORIOLANUS, | [274] |
| Wars with the Volscians and Æquians, | [274] |
| Plague in Rome, | [276] |
| C. Terentilius Harsa. Lex Terentilia, | [277] |
| Cæso Quinctius, | [280] |
| Cincinnatus, | [281] |
| Surprise of Appius Herdonius, | [283] |
| Condemnation of Volscius, | [284] |
| Coriolanus, | [285] |
| Peace with the Volscians, | [293] |
| Changed relation of the Latins to Rome, | [293] |
| Fermentations in Rome. P. Mucius, | [294] |
| LEGISLATION OF THE TWELVE TABLES, | [295] |
| Embassy to Athens, | [295] |
| Hermodorus, | [296] |
| First decemvirate. The rights of the patricians and plebeians balanced, | [298] |
| Second decemvirate. New constitution, | [299] |
| Unrestricted right to make a will, | [301] |
| Law of debt, | [303] |
| Centuries, general national tribunal, | [304] |
| Tyranny of the decemvirs, | [307] |
| Death of Virginia, | [310] |
| Secessio of the Plebes. Overthrow of the Decemvirs, | [311] |
| The old constitution restored, | [312] |
| Veto of the tribunes. Patrician tribunes, | [314] |
| Death of Appius Claudius and Sp. Oppius, | [316] |
| Imprisonment, | [317] |
| Penal laws of the Romans, | [318] |
| Amnesty, | [319] |
| LEX HORATIA VALERIA. FURTHER CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUTION. MILITARY TRIBUNATE. CENSORSHIP. SP. MÆLIUS. VICTORY OF A. POSTUMIUS TUBERTUS OVER THE VOLSCIANS AND ÆQUIANS. CONQUEST OF FIDENÆ AND VEII, | [320] |
| Lex Horatia Valeria, | [320] |
| Growth of the constitution, the later Publilian law, the Hortensian law, | [321] |
| Victories over the Æquians and Sabines, | [324] |
| Quæstors elected by the centuries, | [325] |
| Quæstores parricidii, Quæstores classici, | [325] |
| Intermarriage between patricians and plebeians allowed. Canuleian law, | [326] |
| Military tribunes, | [327] |
| Censorship, | [332] |
| Famine in Rome. Sp. Mælius, | [337] |
| Executive power of the consuls, | [339] |
| Quæstorship thrown open to the plebeians, | [340] |
| The right of deciding on war and peace passes from the curies to the centuries, | [340] |
| Plebeian senators, | [340] |
| The people of the Campanians forms itself, | [341] |
| Victory of Postumius Tubertus over the Æquians, | [344] |
| Agrarian law, | [345] |
| Coloniæ Romanæ. Mutiny of the soldiers, | [346] |
| War with Veii, | [347] |
| Destruction of Fidenæ, | [348] |
| Manner of warfare, | [350] |
| Pay of the army, | [351] |
| Siege of Veii, | [354] |
| Draining the Alban lake, | [357] |
| Conquest of Veii, | [360] |
| Quarrels of the patricians and plebeians after the taking of Veii, | [361] |
| War with the Faliscans, with the Vulsinians, | [361] |
| Camillus, | [362] |
| His banishment, | [363] |
| MIGRATION OF THE GAULS. CONQUEST OF ROME, | [363] |
| Migration of the Gauls, | [364] |
| Invasion of the Gauls into Italy, | [371] |
| Embassy of the Romans to the Gauls, | [372] |
| Manners of the Gauls, | [374] |
| Battle at the Alia, | [376] |
| The Gauls in Rome, | [379] |
| Peace with the Gauls; their departure, | [383] |
| RESTORATION OF THE CITY. MANLIUS CAPITOLINUS. THE LICINIAN ROGATIONS. CONFUSION IN THE CHRONOLOGY. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PRÆTOR URBANUS AND OF THE ÆDILIS CURULIS, | [385] |
| Consequences of the Gallic conquest, | [385] |
| Rebuilding of the town, | [387] |
| Fœnus unciarium, | [388] |
| Etruscan wars with Rome, | [389] |
| Four new tribes formed, | [391] |
| Usury. Manlius Capitolinus takes the part of those oppressed, | [393] |
| His execution, | [395] |
| Tribunate of C. Licinius and of L. Sextius Lateranus, | [396] |
| The Licinian Rogations, | [396] |
| Confusion with regard to the chronology, | [399] |
| Dictatorship of Camillus. Temple of Concordia, | [402] |
| The consulate divided between the patricians and plebeians. The prætorship established, | [403] |
| Ædilis curulis. One day added to the Ludi Romani, | [405] |
| INVASION OF THE SENONIAN GAULS. LEAGUE WITH THE LATINS AND HERNICANS. CHANGES IN THE DOMESTIC AFFAIRS OF ROME, | [407] |
| Triumviri rei publicæ constituendæ, | [407] |
| Invasion of the Senonian Gauls, | [409] |
| Alliance with the Latins and Hernicans, | [409] |
| Alliance with the Samnites, | [411] |
| War in Etruria. Arrangement of the debts, | [413] |
| Third invasion of the Gauls into Italy, | [414] |
| Enlargement of the rights of the plebeians, | [415] |
| C. Marcius Rutillus, first plebeian dictator, | [415] |
| THE FIRST WAR WITH THE SAMNITES. PROGRESS OF LEGISLATION, | [416] |
| Position of the colonies, | [417] |
| Origin of the Samnites, | [418] |
| Rising in Capua, | [419] |
| Constitution of the Samnites, | [420] |
| Outbreak of the war, | [422] |
| M. Valerius Corvus, | [425] |
| Battle near the Mount Gaurus, | [427] |
| P. Decius Mus saves the Roman army, | [429] |
| Military insurrection of the Romans, | [430] |
| Progress of the legislation, | [432] |
| Military system of the Romans, | [434] |
| THE WAR AGAINST THE LATINS. THE LAWS OF THE DICTATOR Q. PUBLILIUS PHILO. FURTHER EVENTS, | [436] |
| Peace with the Samnites. Relations with the Latins, | [436] |
| War with the Latins, | [438] |
| T. Manlius, | [440] |
| Organisation of the Roman army, | [441] |
| Battle on the Veseris. P. Decius, | [443] |
| Battle near Trifanum, | [444] |
| Conditions of the submission of the Latins, | [445] |
| Q. Publilius Philo. His laws, | [446] |
| End of the Latin war, | [448] |
| Municipia, | [448] |
| Latin colonies, | [451] |
| The prætorship thrown open to the plebeians, | [454] |
| War with the Sidicinians, | [455] |
| Colonies in Cales and Fregellæ, | [455] |
| New relations, | [456] |
| Rome’s relation to the Greeks, | [457] |
| Tarentum, | [459] |
| Alexander of Epirus, | [463] |
| Rebellion of Privernum, | [465] |
| Peace with the Gauls, | [468] |
| Embassy to Alexander of Macedon, | [468] |
| THE SECOND SAMNITE WAR, | [470] |
| Palæopolis and Neapolis, | [470] |
| Outbreak of the second Samnite war, | [474] |
| M. Valerius Corvus, L. Papirius Cursor, Q. Fabius Maximus, | [481] |
| Victory of Fabius over the Samnites, | [483] |
| Fabius flees from Papirius, | [484] |
| Death of Papius Brutulus, | [486] |
| Defeat near Caudium, | [487] |
| The Romans break the peace, | [491] |
| Defeat of the Romans near Lautulæ, | [494] |
| Progress of the Romans. Colony in Luceria, | [496] |
| The Romans build a fleet, | [498] |
| Fine arts flourishing among the Romans, | [498] |
| Rising of the Etruscans, | [499] |
| Conquest of Bovianum, | [500] |
| Papirius Cursor appointed dictator, | [501] |
| The northern confederation pronounces itself in favour of the Samnites, | [501] |
| War of the Romans with the Hernicans, | [502] |
| Subjection of the Hernicans, | [503] |
| Battle near Bovianum. End of the war, | [504] |
| The Æquians conquered, | [505] |
| Alliance of Rome with the Marsians, | [505] |
| THE ETRUSCAN WAR. OTHER EVENTS DOWN TO THE THIRD SAMNITE WAR, | [505] |
| The Ciminian forest, | [506] |
| Battle near Sutrium, | [507] |
| Fabius breaks through the Ciminian forest, | [508] |
| End of the war, | [509] |
| Colony at Narnia, | [510] |
| Cleonymus, | [510] |
| Appius Claudius the Blind, | [511] |
| Via Appia, Aqua Appia, | [518] |
| Cn. Flavius, | [519] |
| Jus Flavianum, | [521] |
| The Nexum abolished, | [522] |
| Lex Ogulnia, | [523] |
| THE THIRD SAMNITE WAR, | [524] |
| The war is transferred into Etruria, | [525] |
| Battle near Sentinum, | [528] |
| P. Decius devotes himself to death, | [531] |
| End of the war, | [534] |
| WAR WITH THE SABINES. AGITATIONS AT HOME. LEX HORTENSIA. LEX MÆNIA, | [535] |
| War with the Sabines. M’. Curius, | [535] |
| Embassy to Epidaurus, | [536] |
| Draining of the Velinus, waterfall of Terni, | [538] |
| The Mænian law, | [539] |
| The Hortensian law, | [540] |
| Triumviri capitales, | [543] |
| EXTERMINATION OF THE SENONIAN GAULS. C. FABRICIUS LUSCINUS. WAR WITH TARENTUM. PYRRHUS OF EPIRUS. EVENTS IN SICILY DOWN TO THE FIRST PUNIC WAR, | [544] |
| War with the Senonian Gauls, | [546] |
| C. Fabricius Luscinus. M’. Curius Dentatus, | [547] |
| Ti. Coruncanius, | [548] |
| Outbreak of the war with Tarentum, | [549] |
| Pyrrhus of Epirus, | [552] |
| Cineas, | [558] |
| Battle near Heraclea, | [558] |
| Pyrrhus tries to march against Rome, | [560] |
| Pyrrhus sends Cineas to Rome, | [561] |
| Pyrrhus returns to Tarentum, | [562] |
| Roman embassy to Pyrrhus, | [563] |
| Battle near Asculum, | [564] |
| Pyrrhus goes to Sicily, | [566] |
| Siege of Lilybæum. Pyrrhus returns to Italy, | [567] |
| Battle near Taurasia (Beneventum), | [568] |
| Pyrrhus’ death. Peace with Samnium, | [569] |
| Tarentum falls into the hands of the Romans, | [570] |
| Subjection of Italy, | [571] |
| Campanian legion at Rhegium, | [573] |
| Earlier history of Sicily, | [574] |
| Mamertines in Messana. Hiero, | [577] |
| Hiero and the Carthaginians defeated by the Romans, | [581] |
| Peace with Hiero, | [581] |