The Jewel City

by Ben Macomber

XX.

The Joy Zone

A mile of amusement places, many of which are really educational—The
Panama Canal, Grand Canyon, Yellowstone Park and the native villages—
"The 101 Ranch"—"Toyland Grown Up"—Other notable features.

The Joy Zone, nearly a mile in length, is a broad avenue bordered with closely packed places of amusement. There are more than one hundred concessionaires, with two hundred and twenty buildings devoted to refreshment or pleasure, including a few in other places on the grounds. Here are all sorts of divertissements, from roller coasters to really great educational sights like the Panama Canal or the Grand Canyon.

By common consent the Panama Canal is the most noteworthy feature of the Zone. Indeed, it ought not to be on the Zone. It should have had a place in the Exposition proper, as one of its finest exhibits. The show is a working reproduction of the Panama Canal, on so large a scale that it covers five acres. The landscape of the Canal Zone is faithfully reproduced, with real water in the two oceans, the Gatun Lake, the Chagres River and the Canal. The visitor sees it from cars which travel slowly around the scene, and which are fitted with telephonic connections with a phonograph that explains the features of the Canal Zone as the appropriate points are passed. Next to seeing the Canal itself, a sight of this miniature is the most interesting and instructive view possible of the great engineering feat. In one way it is even better than a trip through the Canal. It gives the broad general view impossible from any point on the Isthmus itself.

In much the same class are the reproductions of the Grand Canyon and the Yelllowstone Park. The Grand Canyon has an added interest in the presence of Navajo and Hopi families living in reproductions of their desert homes. Representing other native races, there are the Samoan Village, the Maori Village, and the Tehuantepec Village. All these people are genuine and live in primitive style on the Zone, though, to tell the truth, they are quite likely to use college slang and know which fork to use first. Not on the Zone, but proper to be mentioned here, are the Blackfoot Indians brought to the Exposition from Glacier Park by the Great Northern Railroad. Eagle Calf is a real chief of the old days, and his band is a picturesque group.

There is Toyland Grown Up, a product of the astonishing genius of Frederic Thompson, creator of Luna Park, covering nearly twelve acres and packed with Thompson's whimsical conceptions of the figures of the Mother Goose Tales, Kate Greenway's children, and soldiers and giants, and the familiar toys of the Noah's Ark style-all on a gigantic scale. Japan Beautiful, a concession backed by the Japanese Government, has many interesting features, including the enormous gilded figure of Buddha over the entrance and a reproduction of Fujiyama in the background. Then there is an Antarctic show entitled "London to the South Pole;" the Streets of Cairo; the Submarines, with real water and marine animals; Creation, a vast dramatic scene from Genesis; the Battle of Gettysburg; the Evolution of the Dreadnaught; and many other spectacles and entertainments of many classes, but all measuring up to a certain standard of excellence insisted upon by the Exposition. The Aeroscope, a huge steel arm that lifts a double decked cabin more than two hundred and fifty feet above the ground and then swings it around in a great circle over the Zone, is one of the thrillers.

The Joy Zone has suffered from the excellence of the Exposition to which it is the side-show. The Exposition itself is so wonderful a sight and contains so vast a number of remarkable and interesting things that multitudes have been content to stay with it, too much engrossed to find time for any but a few of the best things on the Zone. No better evidence could be found of the beauty, interest and value of this Exposition.

Appendix

(A) Sculptures and Mural Paintings

The following lists give the titles, locations and names of artists of the Exposition Sculptures and Mural Paintings. They do not include work exhibited in the Palace of Fine Arts, or in the state or foreign buildings, but only those which were designed for the adornment of the Exposition palaces, courts, and gardens.

The lists also index all matter and illustrations describing or showing this "Exposition art." Figures in light-face type refer to pages in the text; those in black-face type, to illustrations.

I. Sculptures.

South Gardens.—Two Mermaid Fountains, by Arthur Putnam (21, 84, 99);
Fountain of Energy, by A. Stirling Calder (83, 47).

Palace of Horticulture—Figures at bases of spires, by Eugene Louis
Boutier; Pairs of Caryatids, by John Bateman (21).

Festival Hall.—The Torch Bearer (on domes), Bacchus, The Listening Woman, Flora and Pan, Flora and Dreaming Girl, Figures on cartouche over entrance, all by Sherry E. Fry (26, 26, 32).

Tower of Jewels.—Cortez (east side of arch), by Charles Niehaus (46, 48); Pizarro (west side of arch), by Charles C. Rumsey; Priest, Soldier, Philosopher and Adventurer, by John Flanagan (46, 44); Armored Horseman (on terrace of tower), by F. M. L. Tonetti (46); Fountain of Youth, by Edith Woodman Burroughs (49, 84, 89, 53); Fountain of El Dorado, by Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney (49, 84, 89, 54).

Palace of Varied Industries.—Man with a Pick, Tympanum group of Varied Industries, New World Receiving Burdens of Old, Keystone figure, Power of Industry, all by Ralph Stackpole (33, 37, 132); Victory (on the gables of all the central palaces), by Louis Ulrich (28, 18).

Palaces of Manufactures and Liberal Arts.—Frieze over Portals,
Craftsmen, Woman with Spindle, Man with Sledgehammer, all by Mahonri
Young (33).

Palace of Education.—Typanum group, Education, by Gustav Gerlach (34, 132); Panel, Male Teacher, by Cesare Stea; Panel, Female Teacher, by C. Peters (34).

West Facade of Palace Group.—Thought (on columns flanking half domes),
by Ralph Stackpole; The Triumph of the Field, by Charles B. Harley;
Abundance, by Charles R. Harley; Ex Libris (half dome of Education), by
Albert Weinert; Physical Vigor (half dome of Food Products), by Earl
Cummings; Vestibule Fountains, by W. B. Faville (all on p. 34, 35).

North Facade of Palace Group.—The Conquistador and The Pirate, both by
Allen Newman (35, 43, 44).

East Facade of Palace Group.—The Miner, by Albert Weinert (35).

Column of Progress.—The Adventurous Bowman, by Herman A, MacNeil (56, 61, 57); The Burden Bearers (frieze at base of group), by Herman A. MacNeil (61); Frieze of Progress (frieze on pedestal), by Isidore Konti (61, 60).

Court of the Universe.—Nations of East and West (on arches), by A.
Stirling Calder, Leo Lentelli and Frederick G. R. Roth (52, 65, 63, 59).

Genii on Columns, by Leo Lentelli; Pegasus Spandrels, by Frederick G. B.
Roth; Medallions, by B. Bufano and A. Stirling Calder; The Stars, by A.
Stirling Calder; Signs of the Zodiac, by Herman A. MacNeil (all on p.
52).

Fountains of the Rising and the Setting Sun, by A. A. Weinmann (52, 90, 63, 69); The Elements, Earth, Air, Fire and Water, by Robert Aitken (52, 64); Music and Poetry, by Paul Manship (52).

Court of the Ages.—Fountain of the Earth, by Robert Aitken (65, 66, 72, 91-5, 70, 73); Columns of Earth and Air, by Leo Lentelli (66, 67); Ages of Civilization (on Altar) and Thought (on side altars), by Chester Beach (66, 67, 70); Primitive Man, Primitive Woman, and The Hunter (on arcades), by Albert Weinert (66); Modern Time Listening to the Story of the Ages (in North Court), by Sherry E. Fry (67, 72).

Court of Seasons.—The Harvest (on half dome), by Albert Jaegers; Rain and Sunshine (on columns), by Albert Jaegers; Feast of the Sacrifice (on pylons), by Albert Jaegers (76, 79); Fountain groups, The Seasons, by Furio Piccirilli (75-6, 90-1, 94); Attic figures of Abundance, and spandrels, by August Jaegers; Fountain of Ceres (forecourt), by Evelyn Beatrice Longman (77, 91, 79).

Court of Flowers.—The Pioneer, by Solon Borglum (81, 97); Fountain of Beauty and the Beast, by Edgar Walter (81, 95, 100); Flower Girls (in niches), by A. Stirling Calder (87, 100); The Fairy (above Italian towers), by Carl Gruppe; Lions, by Albert Laessle.

Court of Palms.—The End of the Trail, by James Earle Fraser (82, 96); Caryatids (on attic), by A. Stirling Calder and John Bateman; Spandrels (over portals), by Albert Weinert.

Palace of Machinery.—Genius of Creation, by Daniel Chester French (98, 147); Steam Power, Electricity, Imagination, Invention; Friezes, Genii of Machinery; Reliefs on bases of columns, Application of Power to Machines; all by Haig Patigian (97, 111); Eagles, by C. H. Humphries (97).

Palace of Fine Arts.—The Weeping Woman (on colonnade flower boxes), by Ulric H. Ellerhusen (102, 113); The Struggle for the Beautiful (three panels repeated on attic of Rotunda), by Bruno Louis Zimm (102, 114); Figures between panels, by Ulric H. Ellerhusen; Venus, Altar of Inspiration, by Ralph Stackpole (103, 197); Frieze of Genius (on Altar), by Bruno Louis Zimm; the Priestess of Culture (in Rotunda), by Herbert Adams (103); Aspiration (over main portal), by Leo Lentelli; Decorations on Flower Receptacles, by Ulric H. Ellerhusen (103).

II. Mural Paintings.

Tower of Jewels.—West panel—Joining of Atlantic and Pacific, center;
Discovery, left; Purchase, right. East panel—Gateway of All Nations,
center; Labor Crowned, left; Achievement, right; all by William de
Leftwich Dodge (46, 53).

Arch of the Nations of the East.—South panel—The Western March of
Civilization; North panel—Ideals Attending Immigration; both by Edward
Simmons (55-6).

Arch of the Nations of the West.—North panel—Pioneers Leaving for the West; South panel—Pioneers Arriving on Pacific Coast; both by Frank Vincent Du Mond (56, frontispiece).

Court of the Ages.—Earth, two panels (northwest corner of corridor); Air, two panels (southwest corner of corridor); Water, two panels (southeast corner of corridor); Fire, two panels (northeast corner of corridor); all by Frank Brangwyn (67, 68, 71, 74).

Court of Seasons.—Art Crowned by Time (in half dome); Man Receiving
Instruction in Nature's Laws (in half dome);
Spring and Seedtime (two panels in corridor before niche of Spring);
Summer and Fruition (two panels In corridor before niche of Summer);
Autumn and Harvest (two panels in corridor before niche of Autumn);
Winter and Festivity (two panels in corridor before niche of Winter);
all by H. Milton Bancroft (75, 76).

Court of Palms.—Fruits and Flowers (lunette over entrance of Palace of Education), by Childe Hassam; The Pursuit of Pleasure (lunette over entrance of Palace of Liberal Arts), by Charles Holloway; The Triumph of Culture, sometimes called The Victorious Spirit (lunette over entrance of Court of Seasons), by Arthur Mathews (all on p. 82).

Rotunda, Palace of Fine Arts.—The Conception and Birth of Art, four panels alternated with four panels of the Golds of California. In order they are: The Birth of European Art, the Orange Panel, Inspiration in All Art, the Wheat Panel, the Birth of Oriental Art, Metallic Gold, Ideals in Art, the Poppy Panel; all by Robert Reid (103, 104).

(B) Statistics of Construction Work

Palace Size, feet Exhibit area Cost
Mines and Metallurgy 451 x 579 5.75 acres $359,445
Transportation 579 x 614 7.25 acres $481,677
Agriculture 579 x 639 7.5 acres $425,610
Food Products 424 x 579 5.4 acres $342,551
Varied Industries 414 x 541 5. acres $312,691
Manufactures 475 x 552 5.35 acres $341,069
Liberal Arts 475 x 585 5.75 acres $344,180
Education 394 x 526 4.7 acres $425,610
Machinery 972 x 372 9. acres $659,665
Fine Arts 1100 x 186 5. acres $580,000
Horticulture 672 x 329 5. acres $341,000
Festival Hall seats 4000 $270,000
Tower of Jewels 435 feet high $428,000
Dome of Palace of Horticulture 185 feet high, 152 feet in diameter.
Paved area within the Exposition grounds, 4,000,000 square feet, or
91.5 acres. At an average width of 40 feet, this is equal to nearly 20
miles of asphalt.

(C) The Exposition Roster

President.—Charles C. Moore.

Vice-Presidents.—William H. Crocker, Reuben B. Hale, I. W. Hellman,
Jr., M. H. de Young, Leon Sloss, James Rolph, Jr.

Secretary.—Rudolph J. Taussig.

Treasurer.—A. W. Foster.

Board of Directors.—John Barneson, M. J. Brandenstein, John A.
Britton, Frank L. Brown, George T. Cameron, Philip T. Clay, William H.
Crocker, R. A. Crothers, M. H. de Young, A. I. Esberg, Charles S. Fee,
H. F. Fortmann, A. W. Foster, H. B. Hale, I. W. Hellman, Jr., Homer S.
King, Curtis H. Lindley, P. H. McCarthy, James McNab, Charles C. Moore,
Thornwell Mullally, Dent H. Robert, James Rolph, Jr., A. W. Scott, Jr.,
Henry T. Scott, Leon Sloss, Charles S. Stanton, Rudolph J. Taussig,
Joseph S. Tobin.

Executive Staff.—Director-in-Chief, Frederick J. V. Skiff; Director of
Works, Harris D. H. Connick; Director of Exhibits, Asher Carter Baker;
Director of Exploitation, George Hough Perry; Director of Concessions
and Admissions, Frank Burt.

Architectural Commission.—George W. Kelham, San Francisco, Chief of
Architecture; Willis Polk, William B. Faville, Clarence H. Ward, and
Louis Christian Mullgardt, San Francisco; Robert Farquhar, Los Angeles;
McKim, Mead & White, Carrere & Hastings, and Henry Bacon, New York.
Associate Architects: Arthur Brown, Jr., G. Albert Lansburgh, Bernard R.
Maybeck, San Francisco.

Division of Works.—Director, Harris D. H. Connick; Assistant Director of Works and Chief of Department of Construction, A. H. Markwart; Chief of Architecture, George W. Kelham; Chief, Department of Sculpture, K. T. F. Bitter; Acting Chief, A. Stirling Calder; Chief, Department of Color and Decoration, Jules Guerin; Chief, Department Civil Engineering, E. E. Carpenter; Chief, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guy L. Bayley; Chief, Department of Illumination, W. D'A. Ryan; Chief, Department of Landscape Gardening, John McLaren.

Division of Exhibits.—Director, Asher Carter Baker; Chief, Department
of Fine Arts, John E. D. Trask; Assistant Chief, Department of Fine
Arts, Robert B. Harshe; Chief, Department of Education and Social
Economy, Alvin E. Pope; Chief, Department of Liberal Arts, Theodore
Hardee; Chief, Department Manufactures and Varied Industries, Charles H.
Green; Chief, Department of Machinery, George W. Danforth; Chief,
Department of Transportation, Blythe E. Henderson; Chief, Department of
Agriculture, Thomas G. Stallsmith; Chief, Department of Live Stock, D.
O. Lively; Assistant Chief, Department of Live Stock, I. D. Graham;
Chief, Department of Horticulture, G. A. Dennison; Chief, Department of
Mines and Metallurgy, C. E. van Barneveld.

Other Department Heads.—Traffic Manager, Andrew M. Mortensen. General
Attorney, Frank S. Brittain. Commandant of Exposition Guards, Captain
Edward Carpenter, U. S. A. Director of Congresses, James A. Barr.
Director of Music, George W. Stewart. Director of Special Events,
Theodore Hardee. Chief of Special Events, Rolls E. Cooley. Chairman of
Music Committee, J. J. Levison.

California State Commission.—Governor Hiram W. Johnson, ex officio;
Matt I. Sullivan, President, San Francisco; Chester H. Rowell, Fresno;
Marshall Stimson, Los Angeles; Arthur Arlett, San Francisco.
Commissioner General, W. D. Egilbert. Secretary, F. J. O'Brien.
Controller, Leo S. Robinson.

Woman's Board of the Exposition.—Honorary President, Mrs. Phoebe A.
Hearst; President, Mrs. F. G. Sanborn; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. Lovell
White, Mrs. I. Lowenberg, Mrs. W. H. Taylor, Mrs. John F. Merrill, Mrs.
Frank L. Brown, Mrs. Irving M. Scott; Secretary, Mrs. Gaillard Stoney;
Treasurer, Mrs. P. E. Bowles; Assistant Treasurer, Mrs. E. R. Dimond;
Auditor, Mrs. Charles W. Slack. Directors, Mrs. Edson F. Adams, Mrs.
Frank B. Anderson, Mrs. P. E. Bowles, Dr. Marian Bertola, Mrs. Frank L.
Brown, Mrs. Aylett R. Cotton, Mrs. Francis Carolan, Mrs. Edwin R.
Dimond, Mrs. Joseph A. Donohoe, Mrs. Joseph D. Grant, Mrs. Reuben B.
Hale, Mrs. P. C. Hale, Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst, Mrs. I. W. Hellman, Jr.,
Mrs. C. Edward Holmes, Mrs. John Johns, Mrs. Henry Krebs, Mrs. Jesse N.
Lillenthal, Mrs. I. Lowenberg, Miss Laura McKinstry, Mrs. John F.
Merrill, Mrs. Robert Oxnard, Mrs. Horace D. Pillsbury, Mrs. George A.
Pope, Mrs. F. &. Sanborn, Mrs. Henry T. Scott, Mrs. Laurence Irving
Scott, Mrs. William T. Sesnon, Mrs. Ernest G. Simpson, Mrs. Charles W.
Slack, Mrs. M. C. Sloss, Mrs. Gaillard Stoney, Mrs. William Hinckley
Taylor, Mrs. William S. Tevis, Mrs. Lovell White, Mrs. Edward Wright.

Foreign Commissioners

Argentina.—Horacio Anasagasti, Resident Commissioner General; Alberto
M. D'Alkaine, Secretary.

Australia.—Alfred Deakin, Commissioner General, resigned; Niel
Nielsen, New South Wales; F. W. Hagelthorn, Victoria; F. T. A. Fricke,
Victoria, Deputy Commissioner; J. A. Robertson, Queensland; George
Oughton, Secretary.

Bolivia.—Manuel Vicente Ballivian, Commissioner General.

Canada.—William Hutchison. Canadian Exhibition Commissioner.

China.—Chen Chi, Resident Commissioner General; Allan S. Chow,
Secretary.

Cuba.—General Enrique Loynaz del Castillo, Commissioner General; Dr.
Amando Montero, Secretary.

Denmark.—Otto Wadsted, Resident Commissioner.

France.—Albert Tirman, Commissioner General; Jean Guyffrey, Secretary.

Guatemala.—Jose Flamenco, Resident Commissioner; Fernando Crux, Sec.

Honduras.—Antonio A. Ramirez F. Fontecha, Commissioner General;
Fernando Somoza Vivas, Resident Commissioner.

Italy.—Ernesto Nathan, Commissioner General; Vito Catastini,
Secretary.

Japan.—Haruki Yamawaki, Resident Commissioner General; Shinji Yoshino,
Secretary.

Netherlands.—B. A. van Coenen Torchiana, Resident Commissioner.

New Zealand.—Edmund Clifton, Commissioner General; M. O'Brien, Sec.

Norway.—F. Herman Gade, Commissioner General; Birger A. Guthe, Sec.

Persia.—Mirza Ali Kuli Khan, Commissioner General.

Portugal.—Manuel Roldan, Commissioner General.

Siam.—James H. Gore, Commissioner General; A. H. Duke, Secretary.

Spain.—Count del Valle de Salazar, Representative.

Sweden.—Richard Bernstrom, Commissioner General; Herman Virde, Sec.

Turkey.—Vahan Cardashian, Imperial Adjutant High Commissioner.

Uruguay.—Eduardo Perotti, Commissioner General.

Commissioners From States and Islands

National Commission.—William Phillips, Chairman; Franklin D.
Roosevelt, Judge W. B. Lamar; F. N. Bauskette, Secretary.

Arkansas.—F. B. T. Hollenberg, Commissioner General.

California.—Matt L Sullivan, President; W. D. Egilbert, Commissioner
General; F. J. O'Brien, Secretary.

Hawaii.—R. P. Wood, Chairman.

Idaho.—Jay A. Czizek, Executive Commissioner.

Illinois.—Adolph Karpen, Chairman; Guy E. Cramer, Resident Executive;
John G. Oglesby, Secretary.

Indiana.—S. P. Hamilton, Resident Commissioner.

Iowa.—W. W. Marsh, Chairman.

Kansas.—George H. Hodges, President; H. S. Dean, Secretary.

Maryland.—Roberdeau A. McCormick, Chairman; Robert J. Beachman, Sec.

Massachusetts.—Peter H. Corr, Chairman; Charles O. Power, Secretary.

Mississippi.—Isham Evans, Chairman; D. Ben Holmes, Secretary.

Missouri.—John L. McNatt, Chairman; Norman M. Vaughan, Secretary.

Montana.—David Hilger, Chairman; Frank A. Hazelbaker, Secretary.

Nevada.—George T. Mills, Commissioner.

New Jersey.—Robert S. Hudspeth, President; Charles F. Pancoast, Sec.

New York.—Norman E. Mack, Chairman; Daniel L. Ryan, Secretary.

North Dakota.—Governor L. B. Hanna, Chairman; Will E. Holbein, Sec.

Ohio.—D. B. Torpey, Resident Commissioner.

Oklahoma.—J. J. Dunn, Resident Commissioner; Mrs. Fred E. Sutton, Sec.

Oregon.—O. M. Clark, Chairman; George Ryland, General Manager.

Pennsylvania.—Martin G. Brumbaugh, President; A. G. Hetherington,
Director in Charge; C. B. Carothers, Secretary.

Philippines.—Leon M. Guerrero, President; W. W. Barkley, Secretary.

Texas.—Mrs. Eli Hertzberg, Chairman; J. T. Bowman, Secretary.

Utah.—Glen Miller, Chairman; Mae Lail, Secretary.

Virginia.—W. W. Baker, Chairman; Alexander Forward, Secretary.

Washington.—John Schramm, President; Charles G. Heifner, Executive
Commissioner.

West Virginia.—Paul Grosscup, Chairman; G. O. Nagle, Secretary.

Wisconsin.—John T. Murphy, Chairman; Arthur W. Prehn, Resident
Commissioner; D. E. Bowe, Secretary.

(D) Bibliography

The Panama-Pacific Exposition presents so many aspects of public importance that it will doubtless inspire a considerable library of books upon its various features. Those heretofore published, however, agree in testifying to the unprecedented appeal which it makes on its artistic side; they have attempted little more than to describe the architecture of the main exhibit palaces, and interpret the Sculpture and murals which adorn them.

Of the titles given below, the first two volumes are wholly of this character. Mrs. James' little book has especial reference to the story told by the decorative Sculpture. The attractive Neuhaus volume is a more critical discussion of the Exposition art, as distinguished from exhibits in the Palace of Fine Arts, which are to be covered by Prof. Neuhaus' second book. To an outline of Exposition art, Mr. Cheney's booklet adds a brief, helpful account of the Fine Arts exhibit. Mr. Barry's more ambitious volume opens with an interesting chapter on the Exposition's inception and growth; the remainder of the text "is mainly devoted to the artistic features associated with the courts and the main palaces.".

The other books named describe and show "Exposition art."

Palaces and Courts of the Exposition, by Juliet James. 16mo., 151 pp.. including 32 illustrations. San Francisco, the California Book Co.

The Art of the Exposition, by Eugen Neuhaus. 8vo., 100 pp., with 32 ills. San Francisco, Paul Elder & Co.

An Art-Lover's Guide to the Exposition, by Sheldon Cheney. 12mo., 100 pp., including 20 ills. Berkeley, published by the author.

The City of Domes, by John D. Barry. 12mo., 142 pp., with 48 ills. San
Francisco, J. J. Newbegin.

In the Court of the Ages (Poems), by Edward Robeson Taylor. 8vo., 33 pp., 7 ills. San Francisco, A. M. Robertson.

The Sculpture and Murals of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, by Stella G. S. Perry. 12mo., 112 pp., including 47 ills. San Francisco, the Wahlgreen Co.

The Galleries of the Exposition, by Eugen Neuhaus. 8vo., 108 pp., with 30 ills. Paul Elder & Co.

The Sculpture of the Exposition Palaces and Courts, by Juliet James. 12mo., 32 ills. San Francisco, H. S. Crocker Co.

Index

In order not to overload this index with details which, for most readers, would render it inconvenient, only the more important Sculptures and murals among the "Exposition art" have been listed here, together with the different national and historical sections of the Fine Arts Palace, and the names of artists mentioned most frequently in the text. Fuller lists will be found on p. 130-133 (winners of grand prizes, medals of honor and gold medals in the Fine Arts Exhibit) and p. 194-5 (murals and Sculptures).

Figures in light-face type refer to pages in the text, those in heavier type to the illustrations.

Abbey, Edwin A., painter, 107, 115. Adams, Herbert, sculptor, 103, 104. "Adventurous Bowman, The," 56, 58. Agriculture, Palace of, 16; architecture and Sculpture, 35, 36, 51; exhibits, 146, 162. "Air" Sculpture by Aitken, 52; murals by Brangwyn, 67-71, 74. Aitken, Robert, sculptor, 52, 72, 91. "Among the 'White Birch Trunks," 128, 126. Arabian Nights, Fountain of, 82. Arch, Tower of Jewels, 42, 51, 53. Arches of the Court of Seasons, 77. Arches of the Rising and the Setting Sun, architecture, 61; Sculpture, 52. 55; murals, 55, 56; frontispiece, 59, 63. Architects, Board of, 13. Architecture, main palace group, 27-36; Tower of Jewels, 49; Court of the Universe, 51; Court of the Ages, 66-7; Court of Seasons, 76; Court of Flowers and Palms, 78; Palace of Machinery, 96; Fine Arts, 101-2. Argentina, appropriates $1,700,000 for its representation at P. P. I. E., 14; Fine Arts exhibit, 129, 131; forestry exhibit, 153; pavilion, 154, 156, 169. Arkansas, building, 176. Australia, Fine Arts exhibit, 131; pavilion, 155. 148. Autumn, Fountain of, 76, 91. Avenue of Palms, 16, 18. Aviation, 151, 188, 17, 192. Awards in Fine Arts exhibit, 130-133. Bacon, Henry, architect, 13, 75. Bancroft, H. Milton, mural painter, 75, 76. Baths of Caracalla, 96. Beach, Chester, sculptor, 66. Beachey, Lincoln, aviator, 161. "Beauty and the Beast," Fountain of, 81; described, 95, 100. Belgium, exhibits in French Pavilion, 108, 164. Bennett, Edward H., architect, plan for Exposition, 13. Bitter, Karl T. F., chief of Sculpture, 14. 104, 110. Blank Walls, use of in Exposition architecture, 28. Bolivia, pavilion, 156. Borglum, Solon, sculptor, 81. Boston Symphony Orchestra, 142-145. Brangwyn, Frank, painter, 67-71, 82; etchings, 110. Brown, Arthur, architect, 13. Burbank, Luther, exhibitor, 153. Burroughs, Edith Woodman, sculptor, 49, 89. Byzantine architecture, 27, 28. Calder, A. Stirling, sculptor, 52, 55, 61, 81, 83, 84. California, votes $5,000,000 bonds for Exposition, 13; Counties raise $2,500,000, 14; Mining exhibit, 150; building, 171, 179, 182. Canada, pavilion, 156, 161, 148. Ceres, Fountain of, 77, 91, 79. Chase, William M., painter, 117. Chicago, exhibit, 175. China, Fine Arts exhibit, 109, 127, 128, 132; industrial exhibits, 152; pavilion, 161, 162. Color of Exposition palaces, 36-41. Column of Progress, 16, 36; description, 50, 51, 56, 61, 57, 58; frieze, 61, 60; night illumination, 140. See also "Adventurous Bowman." "Cortez," 46, 48. Cortissoz, Royal, art critic, quoted, 140. Court, key to the palace group, 50. Court of Abundance, see Court of the Ages. Court of the Ages (or Court of Abundance), 16; its gardens, 20; architecture, Sculpture, and symbolism, 65-72, 70; Fountain of Earth, 72, 73; Brangwyn's murals, 67, 68, 71, 74; night illumination, 139, 140. Court of Flowers, 16; Garden in, 20; Portals, 34; architecture, Sculpture and gardening, 78, 81, 82, 95, 85; Fountain of "Beauty and the Beast," 81, 100; "The Pioneer," 81, 87. Court of Palms, 16; Portals, 34; architecture, Sculpture and gardening, 78, 81, 82, 95, 88, 93; "The End of the Trail," 82, 86. Court of Seasons, 16; architecture, Sculpture and murals, 75-77; night illumination, 139, 140, 79, 80, 94. Court of the Universe, 16; its gardens, 20; its coloring, 39; architecture, Sculpture and murals, 50-62; inscriptions, 62; night illumination, 139, 140. Coxhead, Ernest, architect, prepares first plans for Exposition, 14. Crocker, W. H., vice-president of the Exposition, 197. Cuba, rare trees and plants in Palace of Horticulture, 22, 25; Fine Arts exhibit, 122, 127, 132; industrial exhibits, 152; horticultural exhibit, 153; pavilion, 162. Deniville, Paul, his Imitations of travertine, 40, 96. Denmark, paintings, 108; pavilion, 162. De Young, M. H., vice-president of the Exposition, 197. Dodge, William de Leftwlch, mural painter, 46, 49. Du Mond, F. V., painter, 55, 56, 118. Duveneck, Frank, painter, 117. Earth, Fountain of, 66, 67, 72; symbolism of, 91, 92; Illumination, 95, 70, 73. "Earth," Sculpture by Aitken, 52, 64; murals by Brangwyn, 67-71. Education and Social Economy, Palace of, 16; architecture and Sculpture, 34, 35; exhibits in, 152, 138. El Dorado, Fountain of, 49, 84, 89, 54, "Elements," Sculptures by Aitken, 52, 64; murals by Brangwyn, 67-71, 74. Ellerhusen, Ulric, sculptor, 102, 103. "End of the Trail, The," 81, 82, 86. Energy, Fountain of, 56, 83-4, 47. Esplanade, 19. Etching, 121, 122, Fairy Tales, 82, Farquhar, Robert, architect, 13, 25. Faville, Wm. B., architect, 13, 27, 35. "Feast of the Sacrifice, The," 76, 79. Festival Hall, 16; architecture and Sculpture, 25, 26; organ, 26; music in, 141-5; organ an exhibit, 152; views of, 29, 82. Fine Arts, Palace of, relation to Exposition's architectural plan, 16, 36; architecture and Sculpture, 101-103; murals, 103, 104; statuary in rotunda and colonnade, 104, 130; should be preserved in Golden Gate Park, 104, 107; The Annex, 107, 109; night illumination, 140, 112, 113, 114, 119, 137. Fine Arts exhibit, 107-130; mainly contemporaneous, 107-8; great extent of the collection, 108; American art, 108-9; unexpected foreign representation, 109; the Futurists, 110; the United States section, 110, 115-122; Historical section, 110-115; Foreign sections, 122-130; awards of grand prizes, medals of honor, and gold medals, 130-3. "Fire," Sculpture by Aitken, 52, 64; murals by Brangwyn, 66-71. Fisheries, 163. Flanagan, John, sculptor, 46. "Flower Girl," 81, 100. Food Products, Palace of, 16; architecture and Sculpture, 34, 35; exhibits, 146, 153, 119. Forestry, 152, 155, 156, 177, Foster, A. W., treasurer of the Exposition, 197. Fountain of "Beauty and the Beast," 81, 95, 100. Fountain of Ceres, 77, 91, 79. Fountain of Earth, 66, 67, 72; symbolism of, 91, 92; Illumination of, 95, 70,73. Fountain of El Dorado, 49, 84, 89, 54. Fountain of Energy, 16; described, 83, 84, 47. Fountains of the Rising and the Setting Sun, 52, 90, 63, 69. Fountains of the Seasons, 75, 76, 90, 91; fountain of Summer, 94. Fountain of Youth, 49, 84, 89, 53. Fountain, The Mermaid, 84, 99. France, Fine Arts exhibit, 107, 108, 109, 110, 122-124, 130; pavilion, 162, 163, 164, 157, 158. Fraser, James Earle, sculptor, 82. French, Daniel C., sculptor, 98, 110. Frieseke, Frederic C., painter, 118, 121. Fry, Sherry E., 26. Futurists, The, 110. Gallen-Kallela, Axel, painter, 110. "Genius of Creation, The," 98, 147. Gerlach, Gustav, sculptor, 34. Germany, Fine Arts exhibit, 109, 129, 132; industrial exhibits, 151, 152. Grafly, Charles, 104. Great Britain, Fine Arts exhibit, 109, 115; industrial exhibits, 151. Greece, pavilion, 164. Greek architecture, 27, 78. Guatemala, pavilion, 161. Guerin, Jules, chief of color, 14; color scheme, 36-41, 49, 121. Hale, R. B., proposes Exposition, 11; vice-president, 197. Hassam, Childe, painter, 82, 117. Hastings, Thomas, architect, 13. Hawaii, exhibits, 153; building, 177. Hearst, Mrs. Phoebe A., 171. Hellman, I. W., Jr., vice-president of the Exposition, 197. "High Tide: Return of the Fishermen," 124, 125. Holloway, Charles, painter, 82. Honduras, pavilion, 161. Hoo Hoo, House of, 25. Horticulture, Palace of, 16; architecture and Sculpture, 21, 22; Cuban display, 22, 25; exhibits in, 153; view of, 24. Hungary, Fine Arts exhibit, 109, 132. Idaho building, 176. Illinois, building, 175, 180. Illumination, 95, 134-140, 37, 135, 137, 192. Impressionists, 110, 116. Indiana, building, 175. Inscriptions, on Tower of Jewels, 45, 46; In Court of the Universe, 61, 62; In Court of the Seasons, 77. Iowa, building, 175. Italian fountains, 35. Italian towers, 28, 18. Italy, Fine Arts exhibit, 107, 108, 109, 110, 122, 124, 127, 132; industrial exhibits, 151; pavilion, 164, 165, 159. Jaegers, Albert, sculptor, 76. Jaegers, August, sculptor, 76. Japan, Fine Arts exhibit, 109, 122, 132, 133; Mining exhibit, 150; industrial exhibits, 151, 152; pavilion, 165, 166, 169. Joy Zone, outlay of concessionaires, $10,000,000, 14, 16; described, 193-4. Kansas, building, 176. Keith, William, painter, 107, 117. Kelham, George W., architect, 13; describes co-operative plan of Exposition, 15; Courts of Flowers and Palms, 78. Konti, Isidore, sculptor, 56, 61. Ladd, Anna C., sculptor, 130. Lafayette, statue of, 104, 130, 114. Landscape Gardening, Importance in Exposition plan, 19, 20. Lemare, Edwin H., organist, 143, 145. Lentelli, Leo, sculptor, 55, 81, 104. Levison, J. B., head of music committee, 141, 142. Liberal Arts, Palace of, 16; architecture and Sculpture, 33, 34; exhibits in, 146, 150, 151; view of, 38. Lighting of Exposition, 134-140. Lincoln, Abraham, statue of, 130; relics in Illinois building, 175. "Listening Woman," 26, 32. Live-Stock exhibit, 16; classes and awards, 178-185. Longman, Evelyn Beatrice, sculptor, 77, 91. Machinery, Palace of, ground broken for, 14; relation to Exposition's architectural plan, 16, 36; architecture and Sculpture of, 96-98; exhibits in, 146, 149, 150; views of, 105, 106, 111. MacNeill, H. A., sculptor, 52, 56, 61. "Man with a Pick," 33. McKim, Mead and White, architects, 13, 51. McLaren, John, chief of landscape engineering, 14; Importance of his gardens in the Exposition scheme, 19, 20; his gardening conforms to color scheme, 41. Manufactures, Palace of, 16; architecture and Sculpture, 33, 34; exhibits in, 146, 151. Maryland, building, 174. Massachusetts, exhibits, 152; building, 173, 181. Mathews, Arthur F., painter, 82, 117. Maybeck, Bernard B., architect, 13, 25, 101, 102. Mermaid Fountain, 84, 99. Mines and Metallurgy, Palace of, 16; architecture and Sculpture, 35, 36; exhibits in, 150. Miniatures, Fine Arts exhibit, 121, 122. Mississippi, building, 174. Missouri building, 175, 176, 180. Montana, Mining exhibit, 150; building, 176. Montessori, Maria, educator, 152. Moore, C. C., president of the Exposition, 141, 197. Moorish domes, 27; towers, 28. "Mother of the Dead," 130, 120. Motion Pictures, used for exhibition purposes, 146, 149. Muck, Karl, director of Boston Symphony Orchestra, 143. Mullgardt, Louis Christian, architect, 13, 65-67, 72. Munch, Edvard, painter, exhibit in Fine Arts Annex, 109. Mural paintings, see list in Appendix, pp. 195, 196. Music at the Exposition, 141-5. Nations of the East and West, Arches of, 52, 55, 59, 63. Netherlands, The, Fine Arts exhibit, 109, 130, 133; Industrial exhibits, 152; horticultural exhibit, 153; pavilion, 166, 157. Nevada, building, 176. New Jersey, building, 173, 174. Newman, Allen, sculptor, 35. New Orleans, 13. New York City, building, 173. New York State, appropriates $1,000,000 for its representation at P. P. I. E., 14; building, 172, 173, 170. New Zealand, exhibits, 152, 153; forestry exhibit, 153; pavilion, 167. Niehaus, Charles, sculptor, 46. North Dakota, building, 176. Norway, Fine Arts Exhibit, 109, 133; pavilion, 167. Ohio, building, 174, 175. Oklahoma, building, 176. Oregon, exhibits, 152; building, 172, 191. Organ, in Festival Hall, 26, 141-5, 152; In Illinois building, 175. "Outcast, The," 130, 136. Palaces of main Exposition group, see Agriculture, Education, Food Products, Liberal Arts, Manufactures, Mines, Transportation, Varied Industries, Machinery, and Fine Arts. Panama, pavilion, 161. Panama Canal, the motive of the Exposition, 11, 28; reproduction of 193. Panama-Pacific Exposition; motive and planning, 11; first suggested, 11; plans interrupted by fire of 1906, 12; Exposition Company formed and subscriptions begun, 12; California and San Francisco vote bonds, 13; San Francisco wins Congressional approval, 13; national aid not asked, 13; site selected, 13; President Taft breaks ground, 13; Board of Architects appointed, 13; Ground Plan perfected, site prepared and work begun, 14; Exposition ready on time, 14; cost, $50,000,000, 14; Ground plan described, 16-21, 27-41. Patigian, Haig, sculptor, 98. Pennell, Joseph, 122. Pennsylvania, building, 173, 181. Pennsylvania Railway station, New York, 96, 107. Philadelphia, exhibit, 152. Philippines, The, Fine Arts exhibit, 128, 133; forestry exhibit, 152, 153; building, 177. Piccirilli, Furio, sculptor, 75, 91. Piccirilli, Attilio, sculptor, 130. Pietro, C. L., sculptor, 130. Pine and Redwood Bungalows, 25. "Pioneer, The," 81, 87. "Pioneer Mother," 104. "Pirate, The," 35, 44. Polk, Willis, architect, 13. Portals: Palace of Varied Industries, 28, 33, 18, 37; Manufactures and Liberal Arts, 33, 34; Education, 34, 35, 138. Half-domes, Education and Food Products, 35; on north facade, 35, 43, 44; east facade, 35, 36; on interior aisle, 36; in Courts of Flowers and Palms, 82. Portugal, Fine Arts exhibit, 109, 128, 129, 133; building, 167. Press Building, 26. "Priest, The," 46, 44. Putnam, Arthur, 84. Pyle, Howard, painter, 121. Redfield, E. W., painter, 117. Reid, Robert, painter, 103, 104, 118. Richardson, Symmes, architect, 56. Rising and Setting Sun, Fountains of, 52, 90, 63, 69. Rodin, Auguste, sculptor, 163; his statue, "The Thinker," 158. Rolph, James, Jr., vice-president of the Exposition, 197. Roman architecture, 27, 51, 61, 96. Roth, Frederick G. R., sculptor, 55, 61. Rumsey, Charles C., sculptor, 46. Ryan, W. D'A., illumination expert, 14, 45, 134. Sabin, Wallace, organist, 142. Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, sculptor, 130. Saint-Saens, Camille, composer, 142-5. San Francisco, votes 5,000,000 bonds for Exposition, 13; raises total of $12,500,000, 14; wins fight for Congressional approval, 13. Sargent, John S., painter, 107, 117. Schumann-Heink, Mme., singer, 143. Scudder, Janet, sculptor, 130. Sculpture, exhibits In Fine Arts Palace and its Colonnade and Rotunda, 108, 110, 117, 124, 125, 130; "Exposition Sculpture," adorning the palaces, courts and gardens, see list in Appendix, pp. 195, 196. Seasons, Court of, see Court of Seasons; Fountains of, see Fountains. Setting Sun, see Rising and Setting Sun. Siam, pavilion, 167. Simmons, Edward, mural painter, 55, 56. Sloss, Leon, vice-president of the Exposition, 197. Smith, Arthur, aviator, 151, 188, 192. Sousa, John Philip, musical conductor, 143-5. South Gardens, 16; hedge of mesembryanthemuin, 19; flowers in, 20; description of South Gardens and their buildings, 21-26; view of, 23. Spain, Fine Arts exhibit, 109, 128, 132. Sports and games, Exposition contests and prizes, 186-190. Spring, Fountain of, 75, 76, 91. Stackpole, Ralph, 33, 34, 103. Stars, In Court of Universe, 51, 52. Stewart, G. W., musical director, 142. St. Louis, city, exhibit, 152. Summer, Fountain of, 76, 91, 94. Sweden, Fine Arts exhibit, 109, 128, 133; pavilion, 167, 168, 160. Taft, William H., breaks ground for Exposition, 12, 13. Tarbell, Edmund C., painter, 117. Taussig, Rudolph J., secretary of the Exposition, 197. Texas, building, 176. "Thinker, The," 158. Tiffany, Louis C., exhibit In Fine Arts Palace, 118. Tonetti, F. M. L., sculptor, 46. Tower of the Ages, 66, 67, 139, 70. Tower of Jewels, 16; central feature of main palace group, 28, 33; architecture and Sculpture, 42-49; Illumination, 42; "jewels," 45; historical significance, 42-49; epitomizes the Exposition art, 49; relation to Court of the Universe, 51; night illumination, 134, 139, 140; views of, 47, 135. Transportation, Palace of, 16; architecture and Sculpture, 35, 36, 51; exhibits in, 150, 151. Travertine, Artificial, material of Exposition palaces, 36, 39, 40, 77, 96, 107. Trumbull, Edward, painter, 173. Turkey, pavilion, 168. Twachtman, John H., painter, 117. Tympanum, Palace of Varied Industries, 33, 138; Education, 34, 138. United States, Fine Arts exhibit, 108-110, 115-118, 121, 131. United States Government exhibits, 150, 152, 153. Uruguay, Fine Arts exhibit, 122, 127, 133; Industrial exhibits, 152. Utah, Mining exhibit, 150; building, 177. Varied Industries, Palace of, 16; its architecture and Sculpture described, 28, 33, 36; exhibits, 146, 151. "Victory," crowning all gables of main palace group, 28, 18. Virginia Building, 174. "Walled City," main group of exhibition palaces, 15; architecture of, 27-36; material and color, 36-41. Walter, Edgar, sculptor, 81, 95. Ward, Clarence R, architect, 13, 96. Washington, state, exhibits, 153; building, 172, 191. Water colors, in Fine Arts exhibit, 121, 128. "Water," murals by Brangwyn, 67-71. Weinert, Albert, sculptor, 35. Weinmann, A. A., sculptor, 52, 90, 115. Weir, J. Alden, painter, 121. West Virginia, building, 174. Whistler, James McNeill, painter, 107, 117, 122. Whitney, Gertrude Vanderbilt, sculptor, 49, 82, 84, 95, 110. Winter, Fountain of, 76, 91. Wisconsin, building, 175. Wolf, Henry, etcher, 122, 130. Young, Mahonri, 33, 34. Youth, Fountain of, 49, 84, 89, 53. Young Women's Christian Association Building, 26. Zimm, Bruno Louis, 102, 103.