Mussolini as revealed in his political speeches (November 1914-August 1923)

by Benito Mussolini

INDEX

• Abba Garima, [164]
• Abbazia, Conference of, [269], [271], [278]–9, [281]
• Absolutism, [311]
• Acerbo, Signor, [310], [343];
  • on Electoral Law, [360]
• Adige, Upper, [109], [111];
  • effect of Austro-German union on question of, [125];
  • Germans in, [109], [131];
  • Fascismo and, [164];
  • Italophobia on, [184]–7
• Adler, Fritz, [98]
• Admiralty, Fascisti demand the, [174]
• Adrianople, [241]
• Adriatic, eastern shore of, [59];
  • Sauro and the, [74];
  • National Vindications and, [89];
  • Zara and the, [257];
  • Abbazia Conference, [269]
• Ægean, Bulgaria’s right to a port on the, [125]
• Albania, rebels in, [21];
  • as a centre of unrest, [125];
  • Commercial Agreement with, [283];
  • massacre of Italian delegation at Janina, [363]
• Albertini, Senator, [219]–20
• Alessio, Signor, [350]
• Alliance, Austro-German, [12];
  • Triple, [22];
  • Republican, [101];
  • Continental, against England, [231];
  • Cavour and Treaty of, with France and England, [351]
• Alps, the, [60];
  • National Vindications and, [89];
  • Brenner, [107], [192];
  • Julian Alps, [107];
  • Dinaric Alps, [120], [127]
• Alsace, [100]
• Amalfi, [113]
• Ambassadors, Conference of, [268]
• Ambris, Alcesto de, [9]
• Amendola, [352]
• America, cables to, [xviii];
  • intervention of, in the war, [53].
  • See also United States
• American students, facilities for, in Italy, [335]
• Ancona, [307]
• Andreas Hoferbund, [185]
• Angell, Norman, [11]
• Angora, National Assembly of, [241];
  • Turkish aspirations, [254];
  • Allied reply to Government of, [280]
• Arbatax, malaria in, [356]
• “Arditi,” [74];
  • the Association of, [92]
• Armenia, oil wells of, [96]
• Army, Italian, and Fascismo, [xii]
• Arosio, speech 30th March 1923 at, [277]
• Arpigati, Captain Arturo, [42]
• Association, of Fighters, [87], [92], [99];
  • of Arditi, [92];
  • of Volunteers, [92];
  • of Garibaldians, [92];
  • of Maimed and Disabled, [316]
• Athens, Fascismo and “eterie” of, [ix]
• Austria, [12];
  • Italy and the Austro-German Alliance, [12];
  • Austro-German militarism, [16];
  • preparations in, against Roumania, [20];
  • demand for repudiation of Triple Alliance, [22];
  • Republic of, [124];
  • dual monarchy, [187], [249];
  • Commercial Treaty between Italy and, [284];
  • reparations, [295];
  • loan to, [299]
• Austrian Institute, [281]
• Austro-Hungarian monarchy, [187], [249]
• Avanti, [xvi], [3], [4], [9], [87], [162]
• Bainsizza, [28]
• Balbo, Italo, [xiii], [310]
• Baldwin, Mr. Stanley, [296]
• Balillas, [159], [343]
• Balkans:
  • Balkan zones of Austria-Hungary, [9];
  • Roumania, [20];
  • Valona, [21], [118];
  • Bulgaria, [125];
  • seeds of war in, [125];
  • Treaty of Rapallo, [125] et seq.;
  • Montenegro’s independence, [189] et seq.;
  • Turkey’s success at Lausanne, [213]
• Bandiera brothers, [351]
• Baracca Cup, [329]
• Barbarossa, [27]
• Barcelona, [270]
• Barzilai, [224]
• Battisti, Cesare, [48], [89], [134]
• Bazzi, [69]
• Bebel, [26]
• Belgium, martyrdom of, [12], [14];
  • neutrality, [23];
  • undertaking not to sign separate peace, [19];
  • colonies, [90];
  • ex-President Wilson and, [189]
• Belgrade, Fiume and the agreement concluded at, [193]
• Bellini, Senator, [223]
• Benedict XV., Palestine and, [194];
  • on Ruhr crisis, [345]
• Bentini, [353]
• Berchtold, Count, [19], [20]
• Berne Convention, powers of, respecting international traffic, [270]
• Bernhardi, von, [26]
• Bernstein, Edward, and Versailles Treaty, [99]
• Bersagliere Regt., 11th, Mussolini joins, [xvi]
• Bessarabia, [20]
• Bezzi, Ergisto, [18], [88]
• Bianchi, Michele, [xiii]
• Bismarck, [9]
• Bissolati, Leonida, [158]
• Black Shirts, Nationalists and, [148];
  • revolution of, a force for progress, [208]
• Bologna:
  • speech of 24th May 1918 at, [37];
  • speech of 3rd April 1921 at, [134];
  • University of, and Montenegrin independence, [191];
  • Fascista occupation of, [308]
• Bolshevism:
  • Mussolini saves Italy from, [xiv];
  • textile workers’ strike, [68];
  • failure of, in Italy, [73], [167];
  • Mussolini’s fight against, [87], [101];
  • Florence under, [103];
  • Bolshevist element in Italian Socialism, [116];
  • in Trieste, [117], [121];
  • of Russia, [129], [147];
  • the Bolshevist State and the Liberal State, [139];
  • Fascismo and, [166], [179];
  • the Italian Bolshevist world, [178];
  • Germany’s resistance to influence of, [290];
  • Italian losses in crushing, [324];
  • freedom of the Press and, [355]
• Bolzano, [xiii], [163]–4; 173, [185], [187], [308]
• Bonacini, Lieut. Mario, murder of, [363]
• Bono, General Cesare de, [xii], [xiii], [309], [343]
• Bordiga, General, [105]
• Bourbons, [75], [351]
• Bourgeoisie, Fascismo and the, [165];
  • Risorgimento and, [50]
• Breitemburg, Count, [186]
• Brenner, the:
  • Battisti and, [74];
  • Bezzi and, [88];
  • Italy in possession of, [107];
  • as bulwark against Germany, [110];
  • Paduan valley and, [125];
  • as Italy’s northern boundary, [136];
  • defence of, [184];
  • Mussolini’s declaration to German deputies respecting, [188];
  • Versailles Treaty and, [293]
• Brest-Litowsk, Treaty of, [44]
• Brofferio, Angelo, [351]–2
• Brussels Conference, 1923, [214]
• Bucharest, Peace of, [44]
• Budapest, Danube Confederation and, [124];
  • peace of justice, and occupation of, [149], [172]
• Budget, Italian State, [215], [272]–3;
  • Communal, [358]
• Bulgaria, [10], [125], [213];
  • reparations, [295], [299];
  • coup d’état in, [345]
• Buozzi, [219]
• Burian, [20]
• Cables, conventions relative to, [xviii]
• Cagliari, speech of 12th June 1923 at, [323]
• Canada, Commercial Treaty with, [214]
• Cannæ, [288]
• Capitulations, the, [241], [266]
• Caporetto, speech after, [30];
  • causes of disaster of, [32];
  • anti-war demonstrations after, [34];
  • national crisis following, [43];
  • German calculations after, [45];
  • Rapallo and, [126];
  • Pact of Rome and, [126];
  • Fascismo and, [135];
  • discipline of war and, [350]
• Carabineers, [xvii], [359]
• Caradonna, [310]
• Carducci, [37]
• Carli, [99]
• Carso, [28];
  • Italian sentiment for the, [35];
  • Corridoni’s death, [48];
  • insurrection against Trieste on, [118];
  • commemoration ceremony, [120]
• Carthage, [177]
• Castelrosso, [280], [302]
• Castua, [278]
• Catholicism, Mussolini on, [xii]
• Cattaneo, [53]
• Cavallotti, [351]
• Cavazzoni, [252]
• Caviglia, General, [129]
• Cavour, Camille, [311];
  • Crimean expedition and, [351]
• Ceccherini, Maj.-General, [xii], [310]
• Central America, cable to, [xviii]
• Central Empires, [9];
  • war desired by, [27], [72]
• Cervantes, [114]
• Cettinge, [190]
• Chamber of Deputies, Fascista Government and the, [313]
• Chiesa, [255]
• Child, Mr. Richard Washburn, speech at Rome by, [335]
• Chiusa di Verona, [185]
• Cicerin, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, Russia, [44]
• Ciccotti, Ettore, on Italian Fascismo, [ix]
• Cinque Giornate, [28];
  • speech before the
• monument of, [58];
  • Austrian threat to city of, [135]
• Cipriani, Amilcare, [5]
• Civil Law Codes, reformation of, [xvii]
• Class struggle, Mussolini on, [285]
• Clémenceau, [32], [40], [56];
  • on concessions in Asia Minor, [96]
• Clemente, Maj.-General Ozol, [310]
• Coalition Ministry, [221]
• Coliseum, [234]
• Colombino, [359]
• Colonna di Cesaro, [307]
• Columbus, Christopher, [50]
• Commerce, Chambers of, International Congress of, [274] et seq.
• Commercial Treaty:
  • with Switzerland, [212];
  • with Canada, [214];
  • with France, [265];
  • with Yugoslavia, [271], [282];
  • with Austria, [281]
• Committee of Understanding and Action, [93]
• Committee of Wounded and Disabled Soldiers, [51]
• Communes, Italian, [ix]
• Communism, [x], [116], [334]
• Comunale, Bologna, speech at the, [37]
• Constantine, King, [125]
• Constitution, the, and the Government, [361]
• Contadini, adherents of Fascismo, [316]
• Conti, Senator, [219]
• Continental alliance. See under Alliance
• Convention, of Washington, [243], [251];
  • for Italo-American cables, [245]
• Corriere della Sera, [163]–4
• Corridoni Club, [92]
• Corridoni, Filippo, [48], [59], [71], [88]
• Corsica, Italians of, [137]
• Corti, Major Luigi, murder of, [363]
• Cremona, speech at, 25th Sept. 1922, [158]
• Crespi, Senator, [161], [258]
• Crimea, expedition to the, [351]
• Crispi, Francesco, [108] n.
• Cucco, [28]
• Cuno-Rosenberg Memorandum, [295]
• Curtatone, [289]
• Cyrus, [38]
• Czechoslovakia, Italy’s relations with, [213]
• Dabormida, General, [351]
• Dalmatia:
  • Rismondo on, [74];
  • National Vindications and, [89];
  • Italian minorities of, [96];
  • and the victory of Vittorio Veneto, [107];
  • Croats of, [118];
  • Treaty of Rapallo, [125], [262];
  • education of Italians of, [131];
  • care of Italian
• residents, [132];
  • sufferings of Italians in, [136];
  • Italian unity and, [144];
  • betrayed, [171], [192];
  • Santa Margherita Agreements, [247], [256], [260]–1
• Dalmine, speech 20th March 1919 at, [63]
• Dante, [60], [77], [114], [133]
• D’Annunzio, [77], [114];
  • Mussolini at Fiume with, [103];
  • proclamation to the Croats, [104];
  • legionary occupation of Fiume, [119], [192];
  • the Fiume tragedy, [128]–9, [141]
• Danube Confederation, [124]
• Danubian States, economic settlement of, [300]
• D’Aragona, Ludovico, [359]
• Dardanelles, [214], [241]
• Death duties, [xvii]
• De Bono, Cesare. See Bono, de, General Cesare
• Debt, national, [xviii];
  • Italian war, [259]
• Debt funding agreement, Anglo-American, [259], [296]
• Debts, inter-allied, and reparations, [294]
• Deffenu, [88]
• Del Croix, Carlo, [129]
• Delegation, Italian massacre of, at Janina, [363]
• Delta, the, [193], [262], [278]
• Democracy, meaning of, [36];
  • syndicalism and, [148];
  • Fascismo and, [167]–8, [176];
  • and suffrage, [355]
• Democrats, [92]
• De Nicola, President of the Chamber, [362]
• Deutscher Verband, [185]–7
• Deutschland über Alles, [21]
• Diaz, General, [343]
• Dictatorship, proletariat and a, [349]
• Dinaric Alps, [120], [127]
• Diplomatic and consular services, [305]
• Dock-workers, Fascisti, [82]
• “Dolomites of Italian Thought,” the, [114]
• Dortmund, [235]
• Dumas, [353]
• Dunkirk, attack on, [19]
• Eastern Mediterranean. See under Mediterranean
• Economic policy, [274]
• Economy, Ministry of National, [xvii]
• Edvige, [xvi]
• Eight Hours Day Bill, [xvii], [198], [354]
• Electoral Reform, [xvii], [101], [165], [314], [347], [359]–60, [362]
• Elementary schools, religious instruction in, [xii]
• Emigration, [341]
• Employers and employed, co-operation between, [285]
• Eneo, [262]
• England, Russian expectation of financial aid from, [19];
  • Italian confidence in, [46];
  • D’Annunzio’s coup at Fiume and, [104];
  • mandate in Palestine, [194]–5;
  • continental alliance against, [231]
• Entente, the:
  • French and British soldiers at the Piave battle, [59];
  • Italy’s position and, [211]–12;
  • the Ruhr advance and, [230];
  • Greco-Turkish affairs and, [254];
  • continued existence of, [259]
• Entente, Little, [124], [238], [240], [300], [345]
• d’Esperey, Franchet, [189]
• Esthonia, [xviii], [283]
• Etna, eruption of, [331]
• Europe, economic system of, [275]
• Exchanges, European, [345]
• Ex-soldiers, blind, [277];
  • National Association of, [316]
• Facta, Signor, [165], [267]
• Fara, Gustavo, General, [xii], [310]
• Farinacci, Roberto, [158]
• Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, [103], [328]
• Fascio of Fighters, [92];
  • demands of, [132]
• Fascio Nazionale dei Combattenti, [x]
• Fascismo:
  • part of general historical development of nations, [ix];
  • rise of, [x];
  • and the Army, [xii];
  • “March to Rome,” [xii];
  • progress of, [xiii];
  • Mussolini summoned to form cabinet, [xiii];
  • official song of, [xiv];
  • symbol, [xv];
  • syndicalism of, [63], [177];
  • aims and programme of, [92], [150];
  • tasks of, [108] et seq.;
  • patriotism of, [112];
  • sincerity of, [114];
  • not conservative, [115];
  • Communism and, [116], [196];
  • attitude of, towards Socialism, [116], [196] et seq.;
  • demagogism and, [119];
  • problems of foreign policy, [121] et seq., [149] et seq.;
  • attitude towards the peace treaties, [124];
  • demands of Italian Fascio of Fighters in matters of foreign policy, [132];
  • birth of, [135];
  • imperialism of, [136];
  • not essentially violent, [138], [156];
  • in the Socialist crisis of 1921, [139];
  • attitude in the 1921 elections, [139];
  • Fascista Day, [141];
  • and the Monarchy, [xi], [152];
  • the Fascista revolution, [154];
  • attitude of, towards State economic attributes, [155];
  • and the bourgeoisie, [165];
  • and the proletariat, [165];
  • and democracy,
• 176–7;
  • and the New Provinces, [183];
  • demands regarding the Upper Adige, [187];
  • attitude towards the Popular Party, [201] et seq.;
  • and the Vatican, [201]–3;
  • and Social Democrats, [203];
  • military organisation of, [xv], [223];
  • domestic policy, [215];
  • emigration and, [215];
  • foreign policy, [251];
  • Yugoslavian policy, [253];
  • women of, [286];
  • attempt to sever Mussolini from, [287];
  • strength and adherents of, [316];
  • associations included in, [316];
  • Sardinia and, [324];
  • Parliament and, [357];
  • not a transitory phenomenon, [357];
  • an organ of administration, [358];
  • liberty, not licence, under, [358];
  • and the constitution, [361]
• Fascista Council, Great, [xv], [232]–3, [314]
• Fascista Government, work of, [xvii];
  • beginnings of, [163]–4, [173];
  • “Government of speed,” [234];
  • policy respecting Fiume and Zara, [256];
  • foreign policy, [265], [293] et seq.
• Fascista Party, National, [xiv];
  • military organisation, [xv];
  • numbers and adherents, [316]
• Fascista revolt, [76]
• Fascista State, [169], [173]
• Federation, of Labour, General, [106], [110];
  • of Seamen, [106]
• Federzoni, Signor, [190], [192]
• Fera, Signor, ex-Minister of Justice, [362]
• Ferrara, speech of 4th April 1921 at, [75]
• Ferrari, Giuseppe, [78]
• Ferrarin, [133], [285]
• Ferrario, General, [192]
• Fiat factory, [349]
• Fighters, National Association of, [87], [92], [99];
  • Fascio, [92]
• Finance, Ministry of, [272]–3
• Finland, [xviii], [283]
• Finzi, [310]
• Fiume, [53], [74];
  • National Vindications and, [89];
  • Tardieu and, [96];
  • Mussolini visits D’Annunzio at, [103];
  • international relations and D’Annunzio’s occupation of, [104];
  • Italian acquisition of, [111];
  • Hungary and, [125];
  • the tragedy of, [128];
  • the war between General Caviglia and, [129];
  • the Fascio of, [131];
  • economic annexation of, demanded by the Fascisti, [132];
  • sympathy of Fascista for, [136];
  • Italian unity and, [144];
  • General Ferrario, [192];
  • the Belgrade Agreement, [193];
  • Agreements of Santa Margherita and, [248];
  • Arbitration Commission, [262];
  • Abbazia Conference,
• 278–9;
  • difficulties of Yugoslav Government, [301];
  • representations to Belgrade, [346]
• Florence, speech 9th Oct. 1919 at, [103];
  • speeches 19th June 1923 at, [328]–9;
  • of the Middle Ages, [113]
• Foreign Affairs, Ministry of, Fascisti demand, [174]
• Foreign policy, [121], [132], [149], [251], [278], [293], [345]
• Forli, [xvi]
• Forum, the, [234]
• France:
  • Italy’s neutrality in 1914, [12];
  • undertaking not to conclude a separate peace, [19];
  • heroism of, [45];
  • attitude of, towards Fiume question, [104]
• Franche-Comté, [21]
• Frankfurt, Treaty of, [9]
• Frankfurter Zeitung, [21]
• Freedom of the Press, [353], [355]
• Freemasonry, [201], [314], [318]
• Galassi, Angelico, [201]
• Galicia, [20];
  • Eastern, [280]
• Galileo, [77], [114]
• Gandolfo, General, [309]
• Garibaldi, [14], [27], [77], [114], [134];
  • “red shirts” of, [145];
  • Piedmont and, [352];
  • and Dumas, [353]
• Gasparri, Cardinal, [345]
• Gay, Harry Nelson, [335]
• Geneva, Protocol of;
  • loan to Austria, [299];
  • territorial integrity of Austria, [300]
• Genoa, [113], [311]
• Gentile, Senator, [xii]
• George V., King of England, visit of, [304]
• Georgia, [133]
• Germany:
  • Italy’s neutrality between Triple Entente and Austro-German Alliance, [12];
  • dependence on Austria, [20];
  • and Belgium, [22];
  • Prussian militarism, [23], [60];
  • “Wilsonites” in, [54];
  • imperialist, doomed, [60];
  • war desired by, [72];
  • reparations problem, [124];
  • Upper Adige question and, [125];
  • resistance in the Ruhr, [240];
  • reparations, [294]
• Gioberti, [261]
• Giolitti, revelations of, [12];
  • adherents of, in upper bureaucracy, [106];
  • Italian intervention in the war and the followers of, [107];
  • attitude towards Upper Adige question, [188];
  • congratulates Mussolini, [362]
• Giordani, Giulio, [134]
• “Giovinezza” (Youth), [xiv]
• Giulietti, Captain, [104]
• Giuriati, [310]
• Giustizia, La, [315]
• Goethe, [114]
• Gorizia, [48];
  • Italophobia in, [184]
• Grappa, [120]
• Graziadei, Antonio, [196]–7
• Graziani, General, [xii]
• Greco-Albanian frontier, massacre of the Italian delegation for delimitation of the, [363]
• Greece, [10];
  • Italian relations with, under Fascista Government, [212];
  • Italian note to, respecting Janina massacre, [363]–4
• Grodno, [123]
• Gronchi, speech on Electoral Reform by, [348]
• Guardie Regie, abolition of, [xvii]
• Guesde on Socialist nations, [14]
• Guglielmotti, Maj.-General, [310]
• Hapsburg, House of, domination of, prevented by the war, [89];
  • war let loose by, [100];
  • attempt of, to present navy to Yugoslavs, [126];
  • Upper Adige and, [185], [187]
• Harden on Germany’s desire for war, [26]
• Harding, President, [279]
• Heraclea coal mines, [96]
• Hermada, [48]
• High Commissioners, [315]
• Hindenburg, [36]
• Hohenzollerns, the Germany of the, [26], [36];
  • passing of militarism with the, [60];
  • domination of, prevented by the war, [89];
  • Socialists and the, [99];
  • war let loose by the, [100]
• Holland, colonies of, [90]
• Hungary:
  • preparations against Roumania, [20];
  • Fiume and, [125];
  • Popular Party and, [201];
  • economic relations with, [213];
  • reparations, [295], [298].
  • See also Austro-Hungarian monarchy
• Iglesias, speech 13th June 1923 at, [326]
• Immigration Bill, [341]
• Imperial Italy, [292]
• Indipendente, [354]
• Inter-allied debts, [294], [346]
• Internal policy, [306] et seq.
• “Internationals,” German, [26]
• Internationalism, [11]
• Islam, situation in, [213]
• Isonzo, fording of the Upper, [31];
  • Caporetto and the, [32];
  • Italian sacrifices beyond the, [48];
  • destruction of the Hapsburg empire, [107];
  • obligation of Italy to pass the, [111];
  • Yugoslav
• boundaries and the, [127];
  • Italian army’s advance towards, [172]
• Ismet Pasha, [266]
• Istria, Slavs in, [131];
  • Fascisti from, [171]
• Italian-Croat brotherhood, [104]
• Italian Proletariat, Assizes of the, [105]
• Italo-American Association, [336]
• Italo-American Society, [342]
• Italo-Russian Agreement, [303]
• Italo-Ukraine Agreement, [303]
• Italo-Yugoslav Commission, [301]
• Italy:
  • Socialist Party, [3], [23], [93];
  • Triple Alliance, [22];
  • no ground for remaining neutral, [23];
  • Battisti, Sauro and Rismondo on destinies of, [74];
  • and the Brenner, [74];
  • and the Adriatic, [74];
  • and Dalmatia, [74];
  • Socialist Union, [92];
  • Liberal leaders out of touch with, [165];
  • Monarchy of, [176];
  • Convention with Montenegro, [190];
  • agreements with Yugoslavia, [251];
  • universities of, [291];
  • position of, respecting reparations, [294];
  • War Loan and credits to Austria, [299];
  • relations with Russia, [303];
  • relations with United States, [304];
  • Crimean expedition and the unity of, [351]
• Jaffa, Conference of, [195]
• Janina, [363]
• Japan, conflict between U.S. and, [121]–2
• Jerusalem, conquest of, [100];
  • Polish immigrants, [195]
• Jews:
  • English mandate in Palestine, [194] et seq.;
  • sacrifices by Italian Jews in the war, [195]
• Journalism, Parliamentarism and, [313]
• Judiciary Circuits, [314]
• Jugoslavia. See Yugoslavia
• Kaiser, the, [66]
• Kemal, Mustapha, [150], [189], [266]
• Kerensky, [33]
• Klopstock, [114]
• Labour, Asiatic Utopia and, [82]
• Labour, General Confederation of, [106], [110];
  • Fascisti demand Ministry of, [174]
• Labriola, [348]–9, [352]
• Lansing, Mr., on Dalmatian question, [96]
• Larussa, order of the day on Electoral Reform proposed by, [362]
• Lausanne Conference, recognition of Turkey’s successes by, [213];
  • safeguarding of European and Christian interests by, [213];
  • Russian representation at, [214];
  • Italian delegation, [232], [241], [254];
  • Ruhr and, [241];
  • Turkey’s legitimate rights, [241];
  • questions of the Straits and of capitulation, [241];
  • Angora Government and, [266];
  • Turks invited to new, [279];
  • cession of Castelrosso, [302];
  • Treaty of Lausanne, [345]
• Law, Mr. Bonar, proposals of, at Conference of Paris, [230], [295].
• Lazzari, Constantino, on Election Law, [360]
• League of Nations, the:
  • disabled Italian soldiers and, [52];
  • ex-Pres. Wilson and, [52]–4;
  • no substitute for victory, [54]–5;
  • Germany and, [55];
  • Renan’s prediction falsified, [55]–6;
  • Internationalism, [56];
  • difficulties in establishing, [56];
  • dream of, founded on ruins of the old world, [60];
  • Fascismo and, [132];
  • Palestine mandate and, [195];
  • Polish-Lithuanian boundaries, [268]
• League, National, [343]
• Legnano, [27], [45]
• Lenin, effect of gospel of, on Italy’s working classes, [ix];
  • results in Russia of gospel of, [44];
  • and Tuscany, [103];
  • Bolshevism of, preferable to other forms, [129];
  • Milan and, [136];
  • an ally of Kemal, [189];
  • production and the Communism of, [196];
  • reactionary policy of, [199]
• Lerici, Mayor of, [163]
• Lettonia, [133], [283]
• Levanto, Fascista programme described at, [150]
• Liberal State, the:
  • weakness of, [154];
  • superiority of Fascista State over, [163];
  • devoid of spirit, [165];
  • necessity for broadening, [175]
• Liberticidal Government, [354]–7
• Liberty, [358]
• Libyan subjects, [303]
• Lithuania, commercial treaty with, [xviii], [283];
  • Wilna question and, [123];
  • rights of, to Memel, [242], [268];
  • Polish-Lithuanian boundaries, [268]
• Little Entente. See Entente, Little
• Lombardy, iron foundries of, [79];
  • Fascismo in, [356]
• Lombroso’s classification of men, [54]
• London:
  • Treaty of (1915), [189];
  • Mussolini’s speech, [12] Dec. 1922 in, [227];
  • Ruhr advance and Italian memorandum of, [231], [238], [346];
  • Italian foreign policy at, [254];
  • Inter-allied meeting at, on draft Peace Treaty with Turkey, [279]
• Lorenzino dei Medici, [291]
• Lorraine, reconquest of, [100]
• Lotta di classe, La, [3]
• Lucci on Mussolini’s foreign policy, [253]
• Ludendorff, [36]
• Lupi, Dario, [xii]
• Macedonia, Bulgaria’s right to, [125]
• Machiavelli, [38]
• Maeterlinck, [38]–9
• Maltoni, Rosa, [xvi]
• Manzoni, Alexandro, [313]
• Marconi, [133]
• Margherita, Santa, Agreements of. See Santa Margherita
• Marx, Karl, [24], [27], [197], [359]
• Materialism, Mussolini on, [290]
• Mazzini, [53], [77];
  • Socialism of, [78];
  • the Risorgimento, [145];
  • advocate of Republicanism, [153];
  • on power, [288];
  • Democracy and, [351];
  • Crimea expedition and, [352]
• Medals, [309]
• Mediterranean, compensation in, for loss of Sebenico, [96];
  • Socialists and the, [115];
  • a centre of world civilisation, [122];
  • Italian policy in Eastern, [125];
  • Italy as leading power on the, [141]–2, [150];
  • Italian losses in, [211];
  • Greco-Turkish affairs in Eastern, [254];
  • Italian interests in Eastern, [302]
• Melloni, [161]
• Memel, [241]–2, [268]
• Memorandum of London. See London
• Menotti Serrati, Giacinto, [9]
• Merano, commissioner of, and Upper Adige, [186]
• Merrheim, [94]
• Messina, [356]
• Metallurgic Consortium, Italian, [359]
• Metz, [53]
• Michael, Grand Duke, [33]
• Michelangelo, [114]
• Milan, Mussolini’s speeches at:
  • 25th Nov. 1914, [3];
  • 25th Jan. 1915, [18];
  • 8th April 1918, [49];
  • 20th Oct. 1918, [52];
  • 11th Nov. 1918, [58];
  • 23rd March 1919, [87];
  • 22nd July 1919, [92];
  • 5th Feb. 1920, [67];
  • 24th May 1920, [71];
  • 6th Oct. 1922, [161];
  • 6th Dec. 1922, [79];
  • 29th March 1923, [276];
  • 30th March 1923, [277]
• Militarism, Austro-German, [16].
  • See also under Germany
• Militia, National, [xvii], [309]
• Miliukoff, [33]
• Mincio, the, [111]
• Ministerial departments, reduction of, [xvii]
• Minorities and the Electoral Law, [360]
• Mirabello, Villa, blind ex-soldiers at, [276]–7
• Misiano, [129]
• Mohammedans, [213]
• Moltke, [9]
• Mommsen, [202]
• Monarchy, the, Statute Law and, [312].
  • See also under Fascismo
• Montagna, Commendatore, Janina massacre and, [363]
• Montanara, [289]
• Montemaggiore as Italian boundary, [127]
• Montenegro, independence of, [125], [189], [191]
• Monte Nero, [110]
• Monte Santo, [28]
• “Mopsy,” [195]
• Moratorium for reparations, [235]–6, [238]
• Morgagni, [114]
• Moscow, Third International at, [195]
• “Most favoured nation” clause, [282]
• Mussolini, Arnaldo, [xvi], [69]
• Mussolini, Benito:
  • leader of the Fascio Nazionale dei Combattenti, [x];
  • summoned to form cabinet, [xiii];
  • saves Italy from Bolshevism, [xiv];
  • the “Duce,” [xv];
  • career, [xv], [xvi];
  • family, [xvi];
  • foreign policy, [xvii];
  • his legislative and administrative work, [xvii];
  • character, [xix];
  • expulsion from Socialist Party, [3];
  • editor of Avanti, [xvi], [3];
  • La lotta di classe, [3];
  • against reformism, [3];
  • agitator for intervention in the war, [9] et seq.;
  • editor of Il Popolo d’Italia, [37];
  • antipacifist, [58];
  • Fascista friend of the people, [63];
  • the “Fascista,” [87];
  • sane conception of problems of foreign policy, [108];
  • against revolutionary policy regarding Fiume, [128];
  • triumph, [134];
  • Fascista Member of Parliament, [183];
  • Prime Minister, [207];
  • Note to Greece on Janina massacre, [363]–4.
  • See also Fascismo.
• Naples, speech of 26th Oct. 1922 at, [171];
  • Risorgimento and the bourgeoisie of, [150]
• Napoleon, [114]
• National League. See League, National
• National Militia. See Militia, National
• National Vindications, the, [89]
• Naval disarmament, [243]
• Neues Deutschland, [21]
• Neue Zurcher Nachrichten, [22]
• Neuilly, Treaty of, [123], [299]
• Nevoso, the, [120], [136], [184], [192], [286], [329]
• Nicholas, King of Montenegro, [189], [190]
• Nitti, Signor, [106]
• Nofri, Gregorio, [252]
• Nola, the Risorgimento and, [351]
• North African colonies, [303]
• North America, Italian emigration to, [341]
• Oberdan, Guglielmo, [344]
• Oldofredi, Count, [351]
• Olympic Games, [340], [342]
• Order, measures to restore, [308]
• Orlando, Cantiere, of Leghorn, [xiii]
• Orlando, Signor, [362]
• Ortigara, [110]
• Ottoman Public Debt, [303]
• Padua, speeches:
  • 2nd June 1923 (Women’s Congress), [286];
  • 3rd June 1923 (at the University), [289]
• Palestine, [194]–5
• Pangermanism, [xiii], [21], [44]
• Pareto, [312]
• Paris Conference, Montenegrin independence and the, [189];
  • failure of, [295]
• Parliament, Government of Fascisti and, [208], [221], [313], [357];
  • speech in, on Treaty of Rapallo and Agreements of Sta. Margherita, [210];
  • Sub-Alpine, and Cavour, [351]
• Parma, speech 13th Dec. 1914 at, [9]
• Passive resistance, [346]
• Perathoner, Herr, [xiii], [164]
• Petrillo, [347]
• Petrograd, tyranny at, [33]
• Piave, the Germans on, [31], [32], [45];
  • Italian resistance on, [48], [59];
  • the “arditi” and, [74];
  • Austrian empire destroyed on, [111], [135], [332];
  • a starting point for the Fascisti in their march to Rome, [160];
  • deciding factor of the war, [332]
• Piedmont, Cavour and the constitutional movement of, [311], [351]–2
• Pisacane, Carlo, [78], [351]
• Po, Valley of (Valle Padana), [42], [125];
  • Socialist exploitation of the masses in, [134];
  • Upper Adige question and, [184]
• Poincaré, M., [346]
• Poland, [xviii], [100], [123], [195], [213];
  • boundaries, [268], [280], [304];
  • Italian relations with, [304]
• Pontifical Allocution, Zionism and the, [194]
• Popolo d’Italia, founded, [xvi];
  • German-Swiss and the, [21];
  • Mussolini and, [37];
  • Treaty of Rapallo criticised by, [125]–6
• Popular Party, strike of textile workers belonging to, [68];
  • annual day of, [141];
  • Fascismo and the, [183], [201]–3, [318];
  • Electoral Reform Bill and, [347], [361]
• Porta Pia, breach of, [108], [144]
• Porto Baros, [193], [256], [262]
• Portorose Conventions, [270], [281]
• Porto Sauro, [278]
• Portugal, colonies of, [90]
• Post and Telegraph Offices, [307]
• Potsdam, [59]
• Prefects, [315]
• Press, the, [313];
  • jury and, [352];
  • freedom of, [353]
• Principe, the, [38]
• Priza, Admiral, [269]
• Proletariat, Italian, intervention and the, [16];
  • Assizes of the, [105]
• Proudhon, [10]
• Prussia, [9], [36], [50]
• Public services, industrialisation of, [xvii]
• Public Works, Ministry of, Fascisti demand, [174]
• Quadrumvirate meeting, [xiii]
• Quaranta di San Severino, Barone Bernardo, [335]
• Radice, Signor Lombardo, [343]
• Raffaello, [114]
• Railways, [270]
• Ramanadovich, Commander, [190]
• Rapallo, Treaty of, [123]–4;
  • opinion of Central Committee of the Fascio on, [125];
  • why Italy signed, [126];
  • Dalmatia and, [127], [130];
  • mentioned in Parliament, [210];
  • Agreements of Sta. Margherita presented to Parliament, [247];
  • evacuation of territories claimed by Yugoslavia and, [248];
  • Italian foreign policy regarding, [249];
  • ratification, [251];
  • revision of, [256];
  • application of, [261];
  • enforcement of, [300]
• Red Cross, German, [21]
• Reggio Emilia, Congress of, [3]
• Regguzoni, [88]
• Religious instruction in elementary schools, [xii]
• Renan, [55]
• Reparations Commission, [236], [298]
• Reparations:
  • decision of Reparations Commission, 26th Dec. 1922, [236];
  • decision 12th Jan. 1923, [236];
  • failure of Germany to supply wood, [236];
  • Italian delegate’s mandate, [236]–7;
  • Turko-Grecian, [266];
  • Italy and, [294];
  • Italian project, [295];
  • owed by Austria, Bulgaria and Hungary, [295];
  • Italian quota of, [295]–6;
  • German
• project, [297];
  • German Note on, [297];
  • Treaty of Trianon, [298];
  • Allies’ agreement with Bulgaria, [299];
  • loan to Austria, [300].
  • See also Inter-allied debts
• Republican Alliance, electoral reform and the, [101]
• Republican Party, intervention and the, [24];
  • aims of Fascismo and the, [92]
• Revolution, French, [ix], [14], [349];
  • Fascista, [354]
• Rhine, German threat to Italy from, [45];
  • American withdrawal, [230];
  • Ruhr advance, [230];
  • exploitation of forests, [236]
• Rismondo on Dalmatia, [74]
• Risorgimento, Italian, [111], [144]–5, [150]–1
• Risorgimento, Il, [312]
• Roccatagliata, Ceccardi, [18]
• Rodzianko, [33]
• Romanoff, House of, [33]
• Rome, Pact of, [126]
• Rome, Government of, and Government at Fiume, [128];
  • Bolshevist Congress of, [167];
  • Fascista march on, [171]
• Rome, speeches of Mussolini at, 24th Feb. 1918, [30];
  • 21st June 1921, [183];
  • 16th Nov. 1922, [207];
  • 2nd Jan. 1923, [228];
  • 6th Jan. 1923, [82];
  • 15th Jan. 1923, [230];
  • 19th Jan. 1923, [234];
  • 23rd Jan. 1923, [235];
  • 1st Feb. 1923, [240];
  • 6th Feb. 1923, [245];
  • 8th Feb. 1923, [247];
  • 10th Feb. 1923, [251];
  • 16th Feb. 1923, [258];
  • 2nd March 1923, [264];
  • 6th March 1923, [271];
  • 7th March 1923, [272];
  • 18th March 1923, [274];
  • 7th April 1923, [278];
  • 8th June 1923, [293];
  • 8th June 1923, [306];
  • 25th June 1923, [331];
  • speech by American Ambassador, 28th June 1923, [335];
  • Mussolini’s reply to American Ambassador, [340];
  • 2nd July 1923, [347];
  • 3rd July 1923, [345];
  • 16th July 1923, [347];
  • Internal Congress of Chambers of Commerce at, [274]
• Romulus, [38]
• Ronchi, legions of, [128]
• Rossoni, Edmondo, [xi]
• Rothermere, Lord, on Mussolini’s work, [xiv]
• Roumania, intervention of, [19];
  • Italian relations with, [213];
  • Mohammedans in, [213]
• Rovigo, speech at, 2nd June 1923, [284]
• Ruffini, Senator, [335]
• Ruhr, Italian policy in the, [230]–1, [238]–9, [254];
  • Memorandum of London,
• 231;
  • German Government’s orders as to coal deliveries, [235];
  • Reparations Commission’s report on Germany’s failure, [336];
  • Moratorium, [236]–7;
  • control of mines, [236];
  • English representative on Rhine High Commission, [237];
  • Italian mediation, [237], [259];
  • America’s neutrality, [238];
  • Little Entente and, [238], [240];
  • Lausanne Conference, [238], [241];
  • Russia and, [240];
  • train services and, [241];
  • passive resistance, [264], [346];
  • French object, [264];
  • English attitude, [264];
  • reasons for occupation of, [295];
  • extension of occupation, [345];
  • European exchanges, [345]
• Ruskoie Slovo, admission of Russian vacillation in, [19]
• Russia, commercial treaty with, [xviii];
  • undermined by revolution, [12];
  • Entente and financial difficulties of, [19];
  • Leninist policy at Brest-Litowsk, [43];
  • Agrarian revolution, [123];
  • the Baltic States, [123];
  • Panslavism, [123];
  • disagreement over Wilna and Grodno, [123];
  • fate of Poland, [123];
  • Russian Jews and Palestine, [195];
  • relations between Italy and, [303];
  • liberty of association and, [355];
  • freedom of the Press in, [355]
• Rybar, Signor, [269]
• Sabotino, [28]
• St. Germain, Treaty of, unsatisfactory to the victors, [123];
  • Austrian Republic and, [124];
  • Austro-Italian economic relations and, [282]
• Salandra, Signor, his formula of “sacred egoism,” [16];
  • congratulates Mussolini, [362]
• Salorno, Pass of, [185]
• Salute, Fascista, [xv]
• San Terenzo, [163]
• Santa Margherita, Agreements of, [210];
  • purpose of, [247] et seq.;
  • approval of, [251];
  • Adriatic question and, [255]–6;
  • application of, by Italian Government, [256];
  • effect of, on Zara and Dalmatia, [260]–1;
  • Abbazia Conference, [278]; enforcement of, [300]
• Santi Quaranta, [363]
• Sardi, Baron, [335]
• Sardinia, soldiers of, [120];
  • Fascisti of, [171]; the post-war needs of, [321];
  • Fascismo and, [324];
  • Mussolini in, [320], [323], [326];
  • malaria, [356]
• Sassari, speech 10th June 1923 at, [320]
• Sasseno, occupation of, [20]
• Sauro Basin, [279]
• Sauro, Nazario, [269]
• Savoy, Upper, Switzerland, [21];
  • House of, and Italian unity, [176];
  • Military Order of, [309]
• Scala, the, [25], [59]
• Schappner, [21]
• Schools, reform of, [314]
• Sciesa, Antonio, [161]
• Sea, Federation of the, [104]
• Seamen, Federation of, [106]
• Sebenico, [96]
• Seipel, [281]
• Serbia, [10], [12];
  • against separate peace, [19];
  • integrity of, safeguarded, [189]
• Serbo-Croat-Slovak Delegation at Abbazia, [278]
• Serrani, [88]
• Serrati on Tuscany, [103]
• Sesto San Giovanni, speech at, 1st Dec. 1917, [25]
• Sèvres, Treaty of: not satisfactory, [123];
  • results of possible failure of, [150];
  • Palestine Mandate, [194]
• Sforza, Count, on Montenegrin independence, [189], [191]
• Siam, commercial treaty with, [xviii], [283]
• Silesia, Upper, [123], [189]
• Sionism. See Zionism
• Skrzynski, [280]
• Smyrna, [124];
  • Entente and, [254]
• Social-Bolshevism, [108]
• Social-Communists, [161]
• Social Democrats, [203]
• Social-Extremists and economic policy, [275]
• Socialism, [5];
  • Italian, [97];
  • co-operation with useless, [99];
  • State, [198]
• Socialist Party, Italian:
  • Mussolini’s expulsion from, [3];
  • irredentism and, [15]; intervention and, [27];
  • Dalmine strike and, [63];
  • condemnation of, [69];
  • working class and, [70];
  • anti-Italian nature of, [73];
  • Fascismo and, [92];
  • membership roll, [93], [105];
  • Leninist Socialists, [101];
  • in 1913, [97];
  • Turati, [105];
  • Bolshevist element in, [116]–7;
  • Fascisti and, [139], [154];
  • party Socialism and Socialism of Labour distinguished, [197]
• Socialist Union, Italian, [92]
• Socrates, [135], [162]
• Soldiers, Committee of Wounded and Disabled, [51]
• Soviet, in Italy, [97];
  • in Russia, [123];
  • Fascista policy towards, [133];
  • Italian Communists and the, [197];
  • attitude towards German proletariat, [232]
• Spa, conference at, [295]
• Spain, commercial treaty with, [xviii], [283];
  • conditions in, [306]
• Spalato, [255]
• Sparta, Fascismo and “krypteia” of, [ix]
• Stambuliski, [345]
• Stampa, the, [97]
• Statute Law, the, [311]–12, [356]
• Stefani, de, [xviii], and Budgets, [272]
• Stelvio, [276]
• Straits, the. See Dardanelles
• Strike, anti-Fascista, [307]
• Stringa, Major-General, [310]
• Sturck, [98]
• Südbahn Conference, [269]–270
• Sudekum, [99]
• Suffrage, universal, [355]
• Susak, [256], [262], [278]
• Switzerland, Mussolini expelled from, [xvi], [21], [22]
• Syndicalist organisation of Bologna, [37];
  • of the Fascista, [148], [178]
• Syndicalism, [9], [63], [148], [178], [313]–14
• Syndicalist corporations, [xi]
• Syndicalists, in Parma, [9];
  • of Bologna, [37];
  • in Dalmine, [63];
  • Syndicate of co-operation, [69];
  • Fascista syndicalism, [63], [148], [178];
  • Fascista syndicates, [81];
  • in Italy generally, [197]
• Syndicate, of Co-operation, [69];
  • Fascista, [81];
  • National Italian, [197];
  • Confederation of Italian Syndicates, [197]
• Tacitus, [44]
• Tamassia, Senator, [260]
• Tangorra, [215]
• Tardieu, [95]
• Taxation, [317]
• Theseus, [38]
• Tellini, General Enrico, murder of, [363]
• Ticino, Canton, [136], [184]
• Timavo, [48]
• Tirso, Lake, [324]
• Tittoni, Senator, [263]
• Titus, [37]
• Tivaroni, Senator, [260]
• Tokyo, circulation of Our Next War With the United States in, [122]
• Tolstoy, [114], [118]
• Tonoli, [161]
• Toscanini, [133]
• Transylvania, [20]
• Trento, Fascismo in, [xiii];
  • Italian aims and, [53];
  • statue of Dante at, [60];
  • reconquest of, [100];
  • acquisition of, [111];
  • Socialists and, [118];
  • Fascisti of, and Fiume, [131];
  • elections, [173];
  • Fascisti demands concerning, [187]
• Treves, [14]
• Trianon, Treaty of, [123];
  • Hungarian reparations, [298]
• Trieste, [25];
  • Giacomo Venezian and, [48];
  • Adriatic aspirations, [59];
  • reconquest of, [100];
  • speech of 20 Sept. 1920 at, [108];
  • Risorgimento, [111];
  • Socialists and, [118];
  • military sacrifices of 1915, [120];
  • speech of 6 Feb. 1921 at, [121];
  • Fascisti of, and Fiume, [131];
  • Fascisti of, and separation, [171];
  • frontier traffic, [282]
• Triple Alliance, [12], [22], [23]
• Triple Entente, [12], [15], [16]
• Tripoli, war in, [14]
• Turati, Filippo, [69], [105], [252]
• Turin, [43]
• Turkey, [10];
  • Treaty of Sèvres, [125];
  • Kemal Pasha, [150];
  • juridical protection of foreigners, [302]–3;
  • Libyan subjects resident in, [303];
  • Ottoman debt, [303].
  • See also Lausanne Conference
• Tuscany, [328]
• Udine, speech of 20 Sept. 1922 at, [143]
• Ukraine, [195], [303]
• United States, internationalism and the, [46];
  • democracy of, [49], [110];
  • intervention of, [49], [51];
  • relations with, [214];
  • representatives of, at Economic Congress, [275];
  • agreement with Britain on debt, [296];
  • Austrian loan and, [300];
  • Italian relations with, [304], [335] et seq.
• Unity, basis of, [93], moral, of the Italian people, [352]–3
• Universal suffrage, [355]
• Universities, Padua, [289];
  • of Italy, [291]
• Unknown Warrior, tomb of, [331], [343], [344]
• Utopia, the Asiatic, [82]
• Valona, [20], [117], [118]
• Vanzette, [79]
• Vatican, the, [202]
• Vecchi, Cesare Maria de, [xiii], [310]
• “Venezia Giulia,” [343]
• Venezia Tridentina, [171]
• Venezian, [134]
• Venice, [113], [286]
• Venizelos, [125]
• Verdi, [77]
• Versailles, [56]
• Versailles, Treaty of:
  • revision of, [99], [100];
  • indemnity under, [124];
  • Italy excluded from economic and colonial benefits, [293]
• Victor Emmanuel III., King, [xii]
• Vidali, [88]
• Vienna, [11];
  • Danube Confederation, [124];
  • occupation of, [149], [172]
• Vigevano, Colonel, [190]
• Vinci, Leonardo da, [114]
• Vittorio Veneto, [75], [77];
  • vindication of fruits of, [xvii], [107], [151], [154], [160], [164];
  • greatness of victory of, [110];
  • Austria crushed at, [135];
  • Fascista Government, the Government of, [333]
• Votes for Women, [286]
• War Office, Fascisti demand, [174]
• War, revolutionary, [23]
• Warsaw, Italian firms and, [280]
• Washington Conference on Disarmament, [xviii], [243];
  • social and pacifist Conventions of, [355]
• Waterloo, [5]
• Wells, H. G., [41]
• White Federation, [197]
• Wilna, [123]
• Wilson, Woodrow, [28], [52], [126], [189]
• Woman’s Fascista Congress, [286];
  • suffrage, [355]
• Workers, General Federation of, [198]
• Working classes, post-war rights of, [63];
  • intervention and the, [69];
  • Fascismo and the, [75];
  • Fascista Government’s policy towards, [80]
• Workmen, Italian Union of, [66], [69]
• Yellow immigration, [121]
• Yugoslavia, pact of Rome, [126];
  • Isonzo and, [127];
  • Porto Barro and the Delta, [193];
  • Mohammedanism in, [213];
  • the Adriatic question, [255];
  • Abbazia Conference, [269];
  • commercial treaty, [271], [282].
  • See also Fiume;
    • Rapallo, Treaty of
• Zagabria, [127]
• Zahn, [21]
• Zambon, Maj.-General, [310]
• Zankoff, [345]
• Zara, [53], [59];
  • Treaty of Rapallo, [125], [262];
  • Fascismo and, [136];
  • Adriatic question and, [192];
  • Agreements of Sta. Margherita, [247], [260]–1;
  • Fascista Government and, [256]–7;
  • “Special zone of Zara,” [301].
  • See also Yugoslavia
• Zocchi, Fulvio, [9]

PRINTED BY

THE TEMPLE PRESS AT LETCHWORTH

IN GREAT BRITAIN

---

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. All items mentioned in the [ERRATA] were corrected.
2. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling.
3. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed.
4. Footnotes were re-indexed using numbers.