BOOK III.

CHAP. I.
Caterpillars, whose Bodies are Smooth, producing Butterflies.

Class I.

Sect. a.

Caterpillars without any Protuberances, whose Chrysalis is fixed by the Tail, and hangs in an Horizontal Position, by Means of a Thread fastened round the Back and on each Side, and producing Swallow-Tail Butterflies.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

I.

Cl. 1. S. a. 1.

The SWALLOW-TAIL BUTTERFLY is produced twice a Year. The first Brood appears in May, the second towards the End of July. Being in a Meadow near Cookham, in Kent, on the 5th Day of August, 1748, I observed a Female Swallow-Tail hovering over certain Plants, which taking particular Notice of, I found to be the Meadow Saxifrage, and examining them carefully, I discovered four Eggs just laid by the Fly, wherewith I was highly pleased. On the 13th of the same Month these Eggs produced Caterpillars, of Size and Colour as expressed at Figure 1. On the 19th one of the Caterpillars shifted its Skin, and appeared like Figure 2. On the 23d it changed again to the Likeness of Figure 3. On the 4th of September it became like Figure 4. On the 11th of the same Month it appeared in its fifth and last Skin, which was extreamly beautiful, as expressed at Figure 5. On the 22d the Caterpillar was full grown, and fixed itself in the Manner of Figure 6, in order to change into the Chrysalis 7, which was produced on the 26th of September; in which State it remains, January 20, 1748-9. I fed the Caterpillar from its being first hatched with the green Leaves of the common Carrot, which it eat plentifully. This fine Butterfly may be taken in the Meadows and Clover Fields about Cookham, near Westram, in Kent, at the Times above-mentioned. It flies so swiftly that it is in vain to follow it, you must therefore wait ’till it settles, and then, if you are near, be nimble, and you may catch it without much Difficulty. The Flies are represented in the next Plate numbered the same as this.

See Reaumur, Pl. 29. Pag. 486. Also Pl. 30. Vol. 1. Pag. 486.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 1. S. a. 1.

(High Resolution Image)

The Meadow Saxifrage.

Seseli pratense nostras. Park.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 1. S. a. 1.

(High Resolution Image)

L. 3. Ch. 3.

II.

Cl. 1. S. a. 2.

The BRIMSTONE-BUTTERFLY lives in the Fly State all the Winter Season, for very early in the Spring you will see them in the Woods flying about and seeking out their Mates. The Food of the Caterpillar is reported by Mr. Dandridge to be the Buck-Thorn, on which he fed it ’till the Middle of June, when it changed to a Chrysalis, and the Fly was bred at the Beginning of August. The Caterpillars are rare to be met with, although the Fly is common in Woods and Fields of Clover, in the Months of August and September.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. I. S. a. 2.

(High Resolution Image)

The Buck-Thorn, with its Berries.

Rhamnus Catharticus. C. B. P.

Class II.

Sect. a.
Caterpillars having little or no Hair.

Fastening their Chrysalis as the last Sort, and producing Round-Winged Butterflies.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

I.

Cl. 2. S. a. 1.

The WHITE-BUTTERFLY, with Black Veins. The Caterpillars that produce this sort of Butterfly are sociable and feed together on the White-Thorn, till about the Middle of May, at which Time they are full fed and change to the Chrysalis. The Fly is bred in June, and is common among Hay-Grass.

See Merian, Vol. 2. Chap. 35. Moss. P. 103. Raii, Hist. Insect. P. 115, N. 5. Albin, Plate 2. Rosel, Cl. 2. Tab. 3. Reaumur, Vol. 2. Pl. 2. P. 120.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 2. S. a. 1.

(High Resolution Image)

The Mountain-Elder, and White-Thorn.

Sambucus, racemosa rubra. C. B. P.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

II.

Cl. 2. S. a. 2.

The LARGE WHITE GARDEN-BUTTERFLY breeds twice a Year. The Caterpillars thereof are well known in Gardens and other Places. Their first Brood is in May, and the second about two Months after. The Chrysalis that produces the second Brood is only fourteen Days in that State, and the Fly is bred in July. Those Caterpillars that go to Chrysalis about September remain in that State all the Winter, and produce their Flies in May. These Caterpillars are great Devourers of Cabbage and Colliflowers from June to September, which last Month is the Time of their changing into the Chrysalis State. In order to preserve your Cabbages, &c. ’tis worth while to destroy their Chrysalides in the Winter, when they may commonly be found under the Coping of Garden Walls, Pales, or any other Places a little shelter’d: Their Eggs likewise should be sought after, and may be found in great Numbers together on the under Sides of the Leaves. Note, The Swallow-Tail Butterfly is always bred at the same Time as this Fly is.

See Godart, Sec. 1. Num. 7. Merian, Vol. 1. Chap. 45. Moufet, P. 103. Raii, Hist. Insect. p. 113. List. on God. P. 16. Fig. 7. Albin, Plate 1. Rosel, C. 2. Tab. 4.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 2. S. a. 2.

(High Resolution Image)

The Nasturtium Flower.

Acriviola. J. K. H.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

III.

Cl. 2. S. a. 3.

The SMALL WHITE GARDEN-BUTTERFLY breeds twice a Year: The first Brood is at the Beginning of May, and the second in July. The Caterpillar feeds on Cabbage, Horse-Radish, Cresses, &c. Towards the End of June they tie themselves up by the Tail with a Thread, which goes likewise cross their Middle. The Fly comes forth in July, and is very common.

See Albin, P. 51. Rosel, Cl. 2. Tab. 5. Lister on Godart, P. 12. N. 8. Reaumur, Vol. 1. Pl. 29. Pag. 486. Vol. 2. Pl. 2. Pag. 120.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 2. S. a. 3.

(High Resolution Image)

The Double-Flowering Almond.

Amygdalus sativa flore pleno. J. R. H.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

IV.

Cl. 2. S. a. 4.

The WHITE-BUTTERFLY with Green Veins. This also breeds twice a Year: Its first Brood is in May, the second in July. The Caterpillar feeds on Cabbage, &c. like the foregoing, ties itself up in the same Manner, and the Fly is bred in July. It is very common, and may be taken in most Gardens.

See Albin, P. 52. Merian, Vol. 2. Chap. 39.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 2. s. a. 4.

(High Resolution Image)

The Purple Auricula.

Auricula, ursi flore Purpureo. Lob.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

V.

Cl. 2. S. a. 5.

THE ORANGE-TIP, or Lady of the Woods, A BUTTERFLY. We are obliged to Mr. Rosel for the Discovery of the Progress of this and many other curious Flies. He says the Caterpillar feeds on the Brassica Sylvestris, or Wild Cole, whereon the Fly lays its Eggs. The Caterpillar is found in June and July, at which Time it changes into a Chrysalis. It remains in that State through the Winter, and the Fly is produced in May. It is very common in Fields and green Lanes, and breeds but once a Year.

See Rosel, Cl. 2. Tab. 8.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 2. S. a. 5.

(High Resolution Image)

The Mountain-Curran, and the Wild Cole.

Ribes Alpinus dulcis. J. B. Brassica Sylvestris.

Caterpillars, having little or no Hair, producing Scallop-Winged Butterflies.
Sect. b.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

I.

Cl. 2. S. b. 1.

The MARMORIS, or MARBLE BUTTERFLY. On the 8th of July, 1748. I took with my Net several Females of this sort of Fly, which is very common amongst the Hay-Grass. I put them in a Box, taking Care to hurt them as little as possible, with full Hopes that some of them would lay their Eggs; and according to my Wishes the next Morning I had 160 Eggs, which, when first laid, were of a fine yellow Colour, but in less than a Minute’s Time they became perfectly white, and are not glutinous like many other Sorts. On the 27th and 28th of the same Month the young Caterpillars appeared, and were put on common Grass to feed: They continued extremely small for some Months, and, notwithstanding great Care was taken of them, only three Flies were produced, the rest all dying in the Caterpillar State.

The different Changes observed in these three were as follows.

Caterpillars changed their Skins. Went to Chrysalis.The Flies were bred.
The {1st April,11 May 6 May 26 June — 14 July — 11}1748
{2d April, 28 May 21 June 6 June — 30 July — 23}
{3d May, 1 May 21 June 9 July — 4 July — 27}

The Caterpillars that produced these Flies changed to Chrysalis on the Ground, without fastening themselves to any Thing, and were fed all the Time with common Grass, and it is presumed changed their Skins twice before the 11th of April.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 2. S. b. 1.

(High Resolution Image)

Figure 1. The Bent Grass. 2. Brown Millet-Grass. 3. Yellow Ladies Bedstraw. 4. The Great Fox-tail Grass.

1. Gramen segetum, panicula speciosa. Park. 2. Gramen miliaceum majus panicula spadicea. Petiv. 3. Gallium luteum, C. B. 4. Gramen Alopecuroides majus. Ger.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

II.

Cl. 2. S. b. 2.

The MEADOW BROWN-BUTTERFLY. The Caterpillar was found by Mr. Dandridge on the common Grass, with which he fed it ’till the 24th of May, when it fastened itself up by the Tail, and changed into a short thick green Chrysalis streaked with black, and on the 11th of June came out the Butterfly, which is one of the most common sorts the Fields afford, and yet the Caterpillar is rarely found.

See Albin, P. 53.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 2. s. b. 2.

(High Resolution Image)

The Water Elder.

Opulus Ruellii. Instit. R. Herb.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

III.

Cl. 2. S. b. 3.

The GREAT ARGUS-BUTTERFLY breeds twice a Year: The first Time is in May, the second in July. Merian says, the Caterpillar feeds on Grass, and that it changes to a small green Chrysalis, from which proceeds this elegant Fly, adorned with brown and black Spots, having two white Horns spotted with black, and Eyes of a beautiful Colour. This Butterfly is very common; its Flight is not swift: It delights to settle on dry Banks and Walls, and in Path-Ways, and is not difficult to take. Its Caterpillar is seldom found.

See Merian, Vol. 2. Chap. 4.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 2. S. b. 3.

(High Resolution Image)

The Passion-Flower.

Granadilla Pentaphyllos Flore cæruleo magno. Boerh.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

IV.

Cl. 2. S. b. 4.

The WOOD ARGUS-BUTTERFLY. This also breeds twice a Year: The first Brood appears at the Beginning of May, the second at the Beginning of July. It flies slowly, and is to be taken in Woods, green Lanes, &c. Reaumur informs us, that the Caterpillar feeds on Grass; that it changed to a Chrysalis on the 19th of June, and that ten Days after the Fly was bred.

See Reaumur, Plate 27. Pag. 431.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 2. S. b. 4.

(High Resolution Image)

The Spanish Broom.

Genista Iuncea, J. B.

Sect. c.

Caterpillars having little Hair, producing Butterflies, whose Head and Body are much larger (for their Size) than any other Butterflies: Of which there are several belonging to this Section, whose Caterpillars have not as yet been discovered.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

I.

Cl. 2. S. c. 1.

The GRIZZLED BUTTERFLY. Mr. Rosel tells us, that the Caterpillar of this Fly was found on the Mallow, with the Leaves of which he fed it till the End of June, when it spun a Web amongst the Leaves, and changed to a Chrysalis, the Butterfly of which was bred the May following. This Fly is to be taken in Woods and Meads, at the Beginning of May: and although small, it flies swiftly, so that you must be very quick to take it.

See Rosel, Cl. 2. Tab. 10. Merian, Vol. 1 Chap. 48.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 2. S. c. 1.

(High Resolution Image)

The common Mallow.

Malva vulgaris. Park.

Class III.
Caterpillars armed with Spikes.

Sect. a.
Whose Chrysalis hangs by the Tail perpendicularly downwards.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

I.

Cl. 3. S. a. 1.

The ADMIRABLE BUTTERFLY. The great Stinging Nettle is the Food of this Caterpillar, which is to be found by observing where the Nettle-Leaves appear to be folded or spun together, for within such Leaves the Caterpillar feeds. It turns in August to a Chrysalis, hanging perpendicularly downwards by the Tail, fourteen Days after the Chrysalis is formed the Fly appears. The Caterpillars shelter themselves after this Manner, that they may be the better secured from the too great Heat of the Sun, from Rain, Birds, and a small Ichneumon Fly, which often hinders their coming to Perfection, by laying its Eggs therein, which Eggs are of such a glutenous Nature, that they stick fast as soon as laid. Some of the Chrysalides appear as if gilded with burnished Gold, but such usually produce not a Butterfly, but a Brood of small, though very beautiful Ichneumons. The Fly may be taken in Gardens and other Places, it feeds on Fruit that lies under Trees, &c. and is no uncommon Fly. It lives quite through the Winter.

See Goedart, Vol. 1. Tab. 26. Pag. 96. Fig. Opt. List. Fig. 4. Gr. V. 2. Pag. 81. Tab. 81. Fig. Opt. Moff. 100. Num. 6. An. Hoef. Tab. 12. Fig. 15. Raii, Hist. Insect. P. 126. Albin, Pl. 3. Reaumur, Pl. 10. Pag. 284, Vol. 1.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 3. S. a. 1.

(High Resolution Image)

The Great Stinging-Nettle.

Urtica major vulgaris. J. B.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

II.

Cl. 3. S. a. 2.

The PEACOCK-BUTTERFLY. You must look for the Caterpillar that produces this Fly in the great Stinging-Nettle. They are sociable and feed together, are very easy to find, and may be taken full fed towards the End of June, at which Time many of them change to the Chrysalis, and about fourteen Days after the Fly appears. It is very common, and may be taken on Thistles, Burdock, Clover, &c. The Chrysalis of this Fly, as well as the preceding, sometimes looks as if gilt with Gold: but such fine outsides usually produce Ichneumons. This Fly likewise lives all the Winter.

See Reaumur, Pl. 25. Pag. 446. Vol. 1. Goed. Vol. 1. P. 23. Fig. opt. 1. List. Fig. 1. Graf. Vol. 1. Tab. 26. Pag. 53. Raii, Hist. Insect. Pag. 122. N. 14. Moufet, P. 99. N. 4. Hoef. Tab. 12. Fig. opt. 9. Johns. Inst. 40. n. 4. Tab. 5. Albin, Pl. 4. Rosel, Cl. 1. T. 3.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 3. S. a. 2.

(High Resolution Image)

Smith’s Newington Peach.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

III.

Cl. 3. S. a. 3

The PAINTED-LADY-BUTTERFLY. In this Plate two Butterflies are represented, the upper one of which is the Painted Lady. Its Caterpillar feeds on the great Stinging-Nettle, Thistles, &c. changes to a Chrysalis within the Leaves folded together in the Middle of June, is fourteen Days in that State, and then the Fly comes forth. It may be taken on the same Growths as the last, but is not so common.

Figure 4 represents, the SMALL TORTOISE-SHELL-BUTTERFLY, which is very common, and breeds twice a Year: The first Brood is towards the End of June, the second about the End of August. The Caterpillar feeds on Nettles, is open and sociable, and may be taken full fed about the Middle of June, and the Middle of August, and is about fourteen Days in Chrysalis. This Butterfly out-lives the Winter.

See Lister on Goedart, Pag. 7. N. 5. Albin, Pl. 56. Fig. 4. Goed. Vol. 1. Pag. 90, Fig. opt, 21. List. Fig. 2. Graf. Vol. 1. P. 89. Mouff, 101. N. 11, figured against N. 12. Hoef. Tab. 2. Fig. opt. 16. Raii, Hist. Insect. Pag. 117. N. 1. Albin, Pl. 4. Rosel, Cl. 1. Tab. 4. Reaumur, Pl. 26. Pag. 446. Vol. 1.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 3. S. a. 3.

(High Resolution Image)

The Great Stinging-Nettle.

Urtica major vulgaris. J. B.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

V.

Cl. 3. S. a. 5.

The GREAT TORTOISE-SHELL-BUTTERFLY. When the Caterpillars of this Fly are young, they feed together on the Leaves of the Elm-Tree, &c. About the Middle of June they are full fed, and usually tie themselves up by the Tail under the Copings of Walls, or some such Shelter; in the Beginning of July the Fly comes out, and delights to settle in dry Path-ways, as also on the Bodies of Trees, &c. is swift in its Flight, and requires Nimbleness to take it. The Chrysalis is very apt to produce Ichneumons instead of its own Butterfly, those Creatures having laid their Eggs therein. This Fly lives all Winter.

See Reaumur, Pl. 23. Pag. 382. Vol. 1. List. on Goedart, Pag. 3. N. 3, Merian, Vol. 2. Tab. 2. Albin, Pl. 55. Rosel, Cl. 1. Tab. 2.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 3. s. a. 5.

(High Resolution Image)

The Common Elm-Tree.

Ulmus minor folio Angusto Scabro. Ger. Emac, 1480.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

VI.

Cl. 2. S. a. 6.

The COMMA-BUTTERFLY breeds twice a Year: The first Time towards the End of June, and the second about the Beginning of September. The Caterpillar feeds on Hop-Leaves, Nettles, &c. puts on the Chrysalis Form in June and August, and is about fourteen Days in that State, when the Fly appears, which may be taken in Gardens, on Blackberry Blossoms, by the Sides of Hedges, and in such like Places. The Colours of the first Brood of this Butterfly are considerably lighter than as here represented.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 3. S. a. 6.

(High Resolution Image)

The Double Wild Poppy, with a fiery-coloured Flower edged with white.

Papaver, erraticum, flore pleno igneo marginibus candidis. H. L.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

VII.

Cl. 2. S. a. 7.

The GREAT FRITILLARY-BUTTERFLY. Mr. Rosel says, the Caterpillar feeds on Nettles, in the private Recesses of Woods, that it changes into the Chrysalis State at the End of May, and that the Fly is produced in June. This Butterfly is very swift in Flight, and is best taken in the Forenoon, when it will settle and feed on Blackberry Blossoms, Thistles, &c. They are most commonly found in Woods, and the Fields adjacent to Woods.

See Rosel, Cl. 1. Tab. 7.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 3. S. a. 7.

(High Resolution Image)

The Bramble.

Rubus major, fructu nigro. J. B.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

VIII.

Cl. 2. S. a. 8.

The PLANTAIN FRITILLARY-BUTTERFLY. The Caterpillar hereof feeds on Plantain, Clover, and Grass, changes to a Chrysalis, within a Web of its own spinning, upon the Surface of the Ground, at the Beginning of May, and the Fly appears fourteen Days after. The Caterpillars are sociable, and feed together. They appear of a very timorous Nature, for if you move the Food on which they are, they immediately quit their Hold and fall to the Ground, and there remain in a curl’d up Form till such Time they think the Danger over. The Butterfly is swift in Flight, but may be taken if diligently attended to, in Fields of Hay-Grass, at the Time above-mentioned.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 3. S. a. 8.

(High Resolution Image)

Figure 1. Rough Grass. 2. Plantain. 3. Clover.

1. Gramen asperum. J. B. 2. Plantago major vulg. C. B.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

IX.

Cl. 2. S. a. 9.

The HEATH FRITILLARY-BUTTERFLY. I found the Caterpillars of this Fly feeding on common Heath in Tottenham-Wood, about the Middle of May, 1745, and they are of the same fearful Nature as the last-mentioned. Six or seven of them were feeding near each other, I observed their Manner of eating, which was extremely quick, and when they moved it was at a great Rate. I fed them with common Heath for three or four Days; at the End of which some of them changed into Chrysalis, in which State they remained about fourteen Days, and then the Flies came forth. This Butterfly is very common in most Woods, but its Caterpillar is very rarely found.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 3. S. a. 9.

(High Resolution Image)

Common Heath in Flower.

Erica Vulgaris. Park.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

X.

Cl. 2. S. a. 10.

The WILLOW-BUTTERFLY. About the Middle of August, 1748, two of this Species of Butterfly were taken near Camberwell, in Surry: But in all my Practice I have never seen any of them in the Fields; so that they were look’d upon as very great Rarities. They are very common in Germany, and Mr. Rosel tells us, the Caterpillar feeds on Willow, and may be found all the Summer. The Caterpillar and Chrysalis, in the Plate, are taken from a Draught by Mr. Rosel.

See Rosel, Cl. 1, Tab. 1.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 3. S. a. 10.

(High Resolution Image)

The White Dog-Rose.

Rosa arvensis candida. C. B.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

XI.

Cl. 3. S. a. 11.

The SMALL FRITILLARY-BUTTERFLY. About the 10th of April, 1741, I took upon the Ground upwards of one Hundred of these Caterpillars, in Cain Wood. I gave them to eat a Variety of Growths (which I gathered on the Spot where I found the Caterpillars) but they were so restless and uneasy under Confinement, that they seemed in continual Motion, neither would they eat any of the Food I gave them. On the 18th of April ten of the Caterpillars fastened themselves up by the Tail, in order to their changing into the Chrysalis State, (the rest being dead or gone away) and on the 3d of May following the Flies were bred. This Butterfly is to be taken in Woods and Grass-Fields adjacent to Woods, in the Month of May.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 3. S. a. 11.

(High Resolution Image)

The Variegated Ketmia.

Ketmia Syrorum Flore variegato. J. R. H.

L. 3. Ch. 1.

XII.

Cl. 2. S. a. 12.

The GREAT FRITILLARY-BUTTERFLY, with Silver Spots. I take this Fly to be of the Class under Consideration. On the 15th of July, 1748, I had three Eggs laid by such a Fly as is represented in the Plate at Fig. 1, and on the 5th of August the young Caterpillars came forth; which, being examined with a Microscope, appeared to be of the Size represented. They were of a Flesh Colour, with Rows of Black Spots on each Joint like the Caterpillars of the Emperor Moth, and out of each Spot grew Hairs of a sandy Colour. The Eggs were beautifully fluted down the Sides, were flat at the Bottom, and had a glutenous Moisture upon them, which occasioned their sticking fast wherever the Fly chose to leave them. The Caterpillars on this present 10th of February, 1748-9, seem to be alive, but are very small, and, I believe, have eat nothing all the Winter, though they have had Grass given them, which I take to be their proper Food. The Fly frequents Woods and Meads, and loves to settle on Blackberry Blossoms, Thistles, &c. At the Beginning of July they may be taken with your Net; but as no Butterfly is more swift in Flight, you must attend till they settle, then be nimble and you may catch them.

L. III. ch. I.

Cl. 3. S. a. 12.

(High Resolution Image)

The Scorpion Sena.

Emerus Cæsalpin.

CHAP. II.
Caterpillars shaped like Wood-Lice.

Class I.

Sect. a.

L. 3. Ch. 2.

I.

Cl. 1. S. a. 1.

The PURPLE HAIR-STREAK-BUTTERFLY. The Caterpillar feeds on Oak-Leaves, becomes a Chrysalis at the Beginning of June, and in a Month after the Fly appears. This Butterfly is not so easily taken as some others, for when it is not feeding it usually settles high. I have taken the greatest Numbers early in a Morning, when I have found them feeding on the Blossoms of the Blackberry.

See Albin, P. 57. Rosel, Cl. 2. Tab. 9.

L. III. ch. II.

Cl. 1. S. a. 1.

(High Resolution Image)

The Oak-Tree.

Quercus.

L. 3. Ch. 2.

II.

Cl. 1. S. a. 2.

The BROWN HAIR-STREAK-BUTTERFLY. The Caterpillar of this Butterfly is seldom found: which, I believe, is owing to the oddness of its Shape and Colour, which are exactly represented in the Plate. I took four of them by beating the Black-Thorn, and fed them on the same till the Middle of June, at which Time they changed into the Chrysalis, and the Fly was bred in the Middle of August. This Butterfly delights to settle on the Maple-Tree, &c. by beating the Branches whereof the Fly will rise, and may be taken in your Net.

L. III. ch. II.

Cl. 1. S. a. 2.

(High Resolution Image)

The Black-Thorn.

Prunus Sylvestris. Germ. Emac.

L. 3. Ch. 2.

III.

Cl. 1. S. a. 3.

The GREEN BUTTERFLY. Mr. Dandridge took the Caterpillar of this Fly at the Beginning of July, feeding on the inside of the Blackberry Buds, in which it made a small Hole, whereby it entered, and eating all the inward Part, left the Buds seemingly entire: It fed on them till the Middle of July, and then changed to a Chrysalis; and in the Middle of April, the Year following, the Fly was bred. This Butterfly is most common in and near Woods; it delights to settle on Boughs four or five Feet from the Ground, by moving which the Fly will rise, and if not much frighted will settle on or near the same Place again, by which Means you may take it with your Net. The best Time to catch this Butterfly is from the first to the fifteenth of May.

L. III. ch. II.

Cl. 1. S. a. 3.

(High Resolution Image)

The Blackberry, with its Fruit and Blossom.

Rubus, major, fructu nigro. J. B.

CHAP. III.
Of Butterflies whose Generation is not yet known.

Class I.

Sect. A.

L. 3. Ch. 3.

I.

Cl. 1. S. A. 1.

The BLUE ARGUS-BUTTERFLY breeds twice a Year: The first Brood appears in May, the second at the End of July and Beginning of August. This Fly is very common in most Hay-Fields at those Times, and is easily taken. As for the Caterpillar and Chrysalis, I have never yet heard that they have been discovered by any Body.

L. III. ch. III.

Cl. 1. S. A. 1.

(High Resolution Image)

The Green Gage-Plumb.

Prunus fructu rotundo e viridi flavescente, carne dura suavissima. Miller.

L. 3. Ch. 3.

II.

Cl. 1. S. A. 2.

The PURPLE HIGH-FLYER, or Emperor of the Woods. Neither the Caterpillar nor Chrysalis of this charming Fly has been yet discovered, although sought after with the utmost Diligence for several Years past. The Butterfly appears at the End of June and Beginning of July, and may be taken in Comb-Wood in Surry, about Westram in Kent, and in other Places. It flies like a Hawk, delighting to soar aloft and skim in the Air. When it settles it is usually on some extreme Part of the Oak, Hasle, or Ash-Tree: and what is very singular, I myself have seen twenty of them taken on the same Branch one after another, for although the Fly seems to be extremely wild whilst on the Wing, yet, when settled, you may lay your Net over it with little Trouble.

L. III. ch. III.

Cl. 1. S. A. 2.

(High Resolution Image)

The Oak with its Acorns.

Quercus.

FINIS.

INDEX to the FLIES.

INDEX to the PLANTS.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

Plates in this eBook have been positioned to be adjacent to the content that references them.

Illustrations without captions have had a description added, this is denoted with parentheses.

The indexes were not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added, when a predominant preference was found in the original book.

Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.

[Introduction]:“Mohts” replaced with “Moths”
[Table]:“Sattin” replaced with “Satin”
[Pg 24]:“Vredenriek” replaced with “Vredenrick”
[Pg 28]:“Darnell” replaced with “Darnel”
[Pg 29]:“Arminiaca” replaced with “Armeniaca”
[Pg 36]:“Ichnemon” replaced with “Ichneumon”
[Pg 36]:Figure caption “Cl. 2. S. a. 3.” replaced with “Cl. 1. S. a. 3.”
[Pg 43]:Figure caption “Cl. 1. S. b. 1.” replaced with “Cl. 2. S. b. 1.”
[Pg 53]:“Archangle” replaced with “Archangel”
[Pg 59]:“FRITTILLARY” replaced with “FRITILLARY” twice.