CHAP. III.
The Caterpillars of this Chapter have two Feet and two Holders, with six Hooks or Claws; but have no Feet in the Middle Part of their Bodies like those already described. Their progressive Motion is performed by fixing the Head-part, and drawing up the Tail to it; so that each Step, forming a Loop, they are called Loopers. They are provided with strong and sharp Claws in their Holders, by which they can fasten themselves in such manner as to support the Rest of their Bodies, either perpendicularly or horizontally, or in any other Posture they please, without any regard to the Center of Gravity in their respective Bodies. They are able likewise, out of their own Viscera or Bowels, to furnish themselves with Lines, whereby they can let themselves down from the Branches of Trees, or other Heights, as they find Occasion.
Class I.
Smooth or naked Loopers.
Sect. a.
Having no Protuberances.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
I.
Cl. 1. S. a. 1.
The BRINDLED BEAUTY MOTH. The Caterpillar will feed on most Fruit-trees, as also on the Willow, &c. Its Chrysalis is formed within the Earth towards the End of June, and the Moth comes forth in April. I have taken Plenty of them sticking on the Barks of the Willow Trees about the Water-works at Chelsea.
See Merian, Vol. 1. P. 75. Chap. 37. Albin, Pl. 39.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 1. S. a. 1.
(High Resolution Image)
The Honey-Cherry.
Cerasus, sylvestris, septentrionalis, fructu rubro parvo serotino. Raii. Syn.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
II.
Cl. 1. S. a. 2.
The JULY ARRACH MOTH. The Caterpillar may be found, full fed, on the wild Arrach, about the Middle of September; at which Time it changes to a Chrysalis in the Earth: The Moth is bred in July, and may be taken in an Evening in and near the Gardens about Vauxhall and other Places.
See Albin, Pl. 47.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 1. S. a. 2.
(High Resolution Image)
The Black Curran-Tree.
Ribes nigrum vulgo dictum, folio olente. I. B.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
III.
Cl. 1. S. a. 3.
The MOTTLED UMBER-MOTH. The Caterpillar feeds on Fruit-Trees, Oak, Elm, Black-Thorn, &c. and turns to a Chrysalis, within the Earth, about the Middle of May. The Moth comes forth in October, and may be found at that Time sticking on the Bark of Trees in Parks, &c.
See Albin, P. 100.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 1. S. a. 3.
(High Resolution Image)
The Apricock-Plumb.
Prunus fructu parvo præcoci. Tourn.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
IV.
Cl. 1. S. a. 4.
The JULY SALLOW MOTH. The Caterpillar feeds on the common Sallow, in the Top-leaves of which (spun together) it lies concealed in the Day-time. Some Leaves, thus spun together, looked as if they had been dead; but, on Examination, Caterpillars of this Sort were found therein: They changed to a Chrysalis, spun amongst the Leaves, at the End of May. The Moth is bred at the Beginning of July, and may be taken, in the Evening, by the Sides of Woods, Hedges, &c.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 1. S. a. 4.
(High Resolution Image)
The Wild Black Cherry.
Cerasus major ac sylvestris, fructu subdulci nigro colore inficiente. C. B. Pin.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
V.
Cl. 1. S. a. 5.
The BUFF ARGUS-MOTH. The two Caterpillars exhibited in this Plate were taken by me upon the Oak, they feed likewise on the wild Briar, White-Thorn, &c. They tied themselves up against the Leaves, after the Manner of the White Butterfly, with their Heads upwards; changed into Chrysalis about the Middle of June, and the Moths were bred about the Middle of July. These I suppose to be Male and Female of the same Species. You may take them flying, in an Evening, by the Sides of Woods and Hedges, and in green Lanes.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 1. S. a. 5.
(High Resolution Image)
The double-flowered Sweet Briar.
Rosa sylvestris odora, sive eglanteria, flore duplice. Park. Parad.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
VI.
Cl. 1. S. a. 6.
The GREEN BROOM-MOTH. The Caterpillar feeds on the Leaves of the common Broom; and, about the Middle of June, changes to a Chrysalis in a thin Spinning; in which State it continues for about three Weeks, then the Moth appears, and may be taken in the Day-time, by beating the Furze and Broom, wherein they usually are found.
See Rosel, Cl. 3. Tab. 12.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 1. S. a. 6.
(High Resolution Image)
The Needle Furze.
Genista minor Aspalathoides, vel Genista spinosa Anglica. C. B. Pin.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
VII.
Cl. 1. S. a. 7.
The LIME MOSS MOTH. The Eggs are of a greenish Colour, and are laid in June; after being in that State about ten Days the Caterpillars are hatch’d. They feed on the Moss that grows on Lime Trees; live and feed all the Winter in the Caterpillar State, and about the Beginning of May, are full grown, at which Time they make a Spinning amongst the Moss, and change to Chrysalis. The Moths are bred at the Beginning of June, and may be taken in the Evenings, by the Sides of Woods, in green Lanes, &c.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 1. S. a. 7.
(High Resolution Image)
The Yellow-flowered Sage.
Phlomis fructicosa, Salviæ folio latiore & rotundiore. Raii Hist. 511.
Sect. b.
Naked Loopers, with Protuberances.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
I.
Cl. 1. S. b. 1.
The SPOTTED ELM-MOTH. Its Caterpillar is not very common, altho’ it feeds on the Leaves of the Elm, Lime and Oak. It goes into the Earth, and turns to a Chrysalis in August: The Moth appears in May, and is then to be found sometimes, sticking on the Barks of the above Trees; but it is not common.
See Albin, P. 40, 41. 91, 92.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 2. S. b. 1.
(High Resolution Image)
The Witch Elm.
Ulmus folio latissimo scabro. Ger. Em. 1481.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
II.
Cl. 1. S. b. 2.
The SWALLOW-TAIL MOTH. The Caterpillar feeds on Bramble, Oak Leaves, and other Growths; lives all the Winter: When it changes to a Chrysalis, which it does in March, the Chrysalis is fastened by the Tail, and lies, with its Head upwards, within a few fine Threads of its own spinning. The Moth is bred in May and June, and may be taken flying in an Evening by the Sides of Woods, and in green Lanes.
See Rosel, Cl. 3. Tab. 6. Albin, P. 94.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 2. S. b. 2.
(High Resolution Image)
The Bramble.
Rubus, fructu nigro. C. B.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
III.
Cl. 1. S. b. 3.
The OCTOBER-MOTH. Its Caterpillar is to be found, full fed, at the End of May, by beating the Boughs of the Oak, Elm, Black-Thorn, &c. which are the Food it feeds upon. It changes to the Chrysalis State, within the Earth, about that Time, and the Moth is bred in October, when it may be found sticking on the Bark of Trees, in Parks and other Places.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 1. S. b. 3.
(High Resolution Image)
The smooth leaved Elm.
Ulmus folio Glabro. Ger. Em. 1481.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
IV.
Cl. 1. S. b. 4.
The BRIMSTONE MOTH. The Caterpillar is found on the White-Thorn, towards the Middle of September, when it is full fed, and changes to a Chrysalis, within a Spinning, and the Moth is produced in the April and May following. It flies slowly, and is easily taken in an Evening. This Moth breeds twice in a Year; the first Time in April and May, the second in July and August.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 1. S. b. 4.
(High Resolution Image)
Figure 1. The White Thorn. 2. The Blue Bells. 3. The Red Ranunculus.
Fig. 1. Oxyacanthus. Ger. 2. Hyacinthus Anglicus. Ger. 3. Ranunculus hortensis flore rubello.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
V.
Cl. 1. S. b. 5.
The SCALLOP WINGED MOTH laid her Eggs on the 5th of August, and eight Days after the Caterpillars appeared. I fed them with White-Thorn and Privet, till the Beginning of October, at which Time several of them changed to the Chrysalis betwixt the Leaves spun together. They remained in that State during the Winter, and the Moths were bred in May following. This Moth is to be taken, in the Evening, by the Sides of Woods, Hedges, &c.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 1. S. b. 5.
(High Resolution Image)
The White Thorn, with its Fruit.
Mespilus, Apii folio; sylvestris, sive oxyacantha. C. B. Pin. 458.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
VI.
Cl. 1. S. b. 6.
The RICHMOND-BEAUTY, a MOTH. Mr. Rosel assures us, that the Caterpillars feed on the Leaves of the Pear Tree, &c. and is to be found at the End of May and the Beginning of June. They change to the Chrysalis amongst the Pear Leaves: They continue fourteen Days in that State, and the Moth appears about the End of June. This Moth is to be taken in an Evening by the Sides of Woods, in green Lanes, Gardens, &c.
See Rosel, Cl. 2. Tab. 10.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 1. S. b. 6.
(High Resolution Image)
The Spanish or Catalonian Jasmine.
Jasminum humilius magno flore. C. B. Pin.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
VII.
Cl. 1. S. b. 7.
The HAWTHORN MOTH. The Caterpillars that produce this Kind of Moth are of various Colours, some being much lighter than others. I got several of them by beating the Boughs of the White Thorn, about the Middle of September; at which Time many of this Sort spin themselves amongst the Leaves and change to Chrysalis, and the Moths are bred in the Middle of May following. This is a very scarce Fly.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 3. S. b. 7.
(High Resolution Image)
The Carolina Hawthorn.
Mespilus Caroliniana, Apii foliis volgari similis major fructu luteo. Millar.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
VIII.
Cl. 1. S. b. 8.
The ORANGE MOTH. The four different coloured Flies represented in the Plate, were all produced from Caterpillars that were hatched from the Eggs of such a Female as is represented at Fig. 1. The Eggs were of a pale green Colour, and were hatch’d on the 13th July 1747; and the young Caterpillars were fed with the Leaves of Black-Thorn, till about the 20th, when they changed their first Skin; on the second of August they changed their Skin again, and, about the Middle of the same Month, they left off eating: But, October the 25th, being put on Bramble Leaves, they began to eat again, and changed their Skin a third Time, November the 28th; after which they remained pretty quiet the whole Winter without eating. At the End of March they began to eat the fresh Buds of the Black and White-Thorn, and changed their Skin for the fourth Time. About the End of April, one that was separated from the Rest changed its Skin a fifth Time May the 10th: spun up May the 29th: and the Moth was produced June the 17th. Several others spun up between May the 22d and June the 5th, and the Moths were produced between June the 12th and 25th. One that did not change its Skin, for the last Time, till June the 26th, was given to the Proprietor of this Work; it spun up in the Leaves, on the 10th of July, and the Moth, Fig. 2. was bred on the 1st of August. Of eight Moths that were produced, three were Females of the common Orange Kind, and five were Males, one of which only was all over of an Orange Colour. Amongst the Caterpillars there was one that changed its fourth Skin, July the 4th, and fed for some Time; however, it has not yet changed its fifth Skin, tho’ it continued alive, without eating, till December the 25th 1748, at which Time it was put on Bramble Leaves, and has continued to feed thereon till the present 3d of February 1748-9.——The Author of this Work was favoured with the preceeding Account by a most skilful and exact observer, whose Name, had he leave to mention it, would do him great Honour.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 1. S. b. 8.
(High Resolution Image)
The Dwarf-Willow.
Salix pumila Alpina, rotundifolia repens, inferne subcinerea. C. B. Pin.
Class II.
Hairy Loopers.
Sect. a.
Having no Protuberances.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
I.
Cl. 2. S. a. 1.
The LARGE MAGPYE, or CURRAN MOTH. Most Gardens and Hedges abound with the Caterpillars of this Fly, which feed on Curran and Gooseberry-Bushes, and also on the Black Thorn, &c. They change into the Chrysalis State, hanging by the Tail, at the End of May, and the Moths appear in the Middle of June. They are very common, and easily taken in an Evening in the Gardens, and most other Places, and may likewise be catch’d in the Day-time, by beating the Hedges and Bushes. The Caterpillar lives all Winter, and in the Spring begins to feed as soon as the Buds are open.
See Lister on Godart, P. 13. N. 9. Merian, Vol. 1. Chap. 29. Albin, P. 43. Rosel, Class 3. Tab. 2.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 2. S. 1. a. 1.
(High Resolution Image)
The Curran Tree.
Ribes major fructu rubro, Hort. Eyst.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
II.
Cl. 2. S. a. 2.
The GOOSEBERRY-MOTH. The Caterpillars are hatch’d at the latter End of the Year, and live all Winter. About the Middle of May you may find Plenty of them on the Gooseberry and Curran Bushes; about which Time they go into the Ground, and turn to Chrysalis, and about the Middle of June the Moths appear. They are common in most Gardens in the Evening, and may be taken in the Day-time, as the last.
See Lister on Godart, P. 19. N. 12. Merian, Vol. 1. Chap. 25. Albin P. 47. Rosel, Class 3. Tab. 4.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 2. S. a. 2.
(High Resolution Image)
The Gooseberry Tree, with its Flower and Fruit.
Grossularia, fructu obscure purpurascente. Clus.
Hairy Loopers.
Sect. b.
Having Tufts of Hair, partly round each Joint.
L. 1. Ch. 3.
I.
Cl. 2. S. b. 1.
The BRINDLE-MOTH. This Caterpillar, which is not common among the Loopers, was found by Mr. Dandridge on the Hasle, at the Beginning of June. It also feeds on Oak, &c. On the 14th of the same Month it went into the Ground and changed into a Chrysalis, and at the Beginning of April following the Moth came out. The Females have no Wings. I have had several of this Kind of Moth bred in February from the Chrysalis, which I got by digging with a Trowel at the Root of Oak Trees. The Moth is rarely taken in the Fly-state.
L. I. ch. III.
Cl. 2. S. b. 1.
(High Resolution Image)
Bladder-Sena, with Reddish-Seed Vessels.
Colutea vesicaria, vesiculis rubentibus. J. B.
CHAP. IV.
Caterpillars shaped like Wood-Lice.
Class I.
Sect. a.
L. 1. Ch. 4.
I.
Cl. 1. S. a. 1.
The SMALL OAK-EGGER-MOTH. This Caterpillar I took in Hornsey-Wood on an Oak-Tree, at the Beginning October, soon after which Time it chang’d to a Chrysalis, by fastening the Oak-Leaf close to the Bottom of the Box I kept it in with a Spinning. Thus it remained through the Winter, and the Moth was bred at the End of May. Both Caterpillar and Fly are very rare.
L. I. ch. IV.
Cl. 1. S. a. 1.
(High Resolution Image)
The Double Velvet-Rose.
Rosa holosericea, multiplex. Park. Parad.
CHAP. V.
Of Moths, whose Generation is not yet known.
Class I.
Sect. a.
L. 1. Ch. 5.
I.
Cl. 1. S. a. 1.
THE GLORY OF KENT, a Moth. This is the only Moth of the Kind that I have yet heard was ever taken in England or elsewhere. It was found about the Middle of April, 1741, flying in a Wood, in the Day-time, near Cookham, by Westram, in Kent. It was taken by Mr. William Constable, who lives near that Place; and the Moth is at present in the Collection of Mr. Charles Cabrier, of London.
L. I. ch. V.
Cl. 2. S. A. 1.
(High Resolution Image)
The Double-Flowering Peach.
Persica Africana nova, flore incarnato pleno. Tourn.
L. 1. Ch. 5.
II.
Cl. 1. S. a. 2.
THE CLEIFDEN NONPAREIL, a Moth. This curious Fly was found by Mr. Davenport, sticking against the Body of an Ash Tree, near Cleifden, in Buckinghamshire. It was taken in the Month of July: Is at present in the Possession of Charles Lockyer, Esq; and is the only one of the Sort that I have yet seen or heard of.
L. I. ch. V.
Cl. 1. S. A. 2.
(High Resolution Image)
The Ciphian Rose.
Rosa; pimpinella minor Scotica, floribus ex albo & corneo eleganter variegatis. Pluk. Alm.
