| CHAPTER I.—Colonial system—Early grants of power to rulers in Mexico by the
Emperor Charles V.—Abuse of it—Council of the Indies—Laws—Royal audiences—
Cabildos—Fueros—Relative
positions of Spaniards and Creoles—Scheme of
Spanish colonial trade—Restrictions on trade—Alcabala—Taxes—Papal Bulls—Bulls
de Cruzada—de Defuntos—of Composition—Power of the Church—its property—
Inquisition—The
acts of the Inquisition—Repartimientos—Indians—Agriculturists—Miners—Mita—Excuses
for maladministration, | [127] |
| CHAPTER II.—Founding of the Viceroyalty of New Spain—New Audiencia—
Fuenleal—Mendoza—Early
acts of the first Viceroy—Coinage—Rebellion in Jalisco—Viceroy
suppresses it—Council of the Indies on Repartimientos—Indian
Servitude—Quivara—Expeditions of Coronado and Alarcon—Pest in 1546—Revolution—Council
of Bishops—Mines—Zapotecs revolt—Mendoza removed to Peru, | [139] |
| CHAPTER III.—Velasco endeavors to ameliorate the condition of the Indians—University
of Mexico established—Inundation—Military colonization—Philip II.—Florida—Intrigues
against Velasco—Philipine Isles—Death of Velasco—Marques
de Falces—Baptism of the grand-children of Cortéz—Conspiracy against the Marques
del Valle—his arrest—execution of his friends—Marques de Falces—charges
against him—his fall—Errors of Philip II.—Fall of Muñoz and his return—Vindication
of the Viceroy, | [148] |
| CHAPTER IV.—Almanza Viceroy—Chichimecas revolt—Jesuits—
Inquisition—Pestilence—No
Indian tribute exacted—Almanza departs—Xuares Viceroy—Weak
Administration—Increase of commerce—Pedro Moya de Contreras Viceroy—Reforms
under a new Viceroy—His power as Viceroy and Inquisitor—Zuñiga Viceroy—Treasure—
Piracy—Cavendish—Drake
captures a galeon—Zuñiga and the
Audiencia of Guadalajara—His deposition from power, | [160] |
|
CHAPTER V.—Luis de Velasco II. becomes Viceroy—Delight of the Mexicans—Factories
reopened—Chichimecas—Colonization—Alameda—Indians taxed for
European wars—Composition—Fowls—Acebedo Viceroy—Expedition to New
Mexico—Indian ameliorations—Death of Philip II.—New scheme of hiring
Indians—California—Montesclaros Viceroy—Inundation—Albarrada, | [170] |
| CHAPTER VI.—Second administration of Don Luis Velasco—His great work for
the Drainage of the Valley—Lakes in the Valley—Danger of Inundation—History
of the Desague of Huehuetoca—Operations of the engineers Martinez and Boot—The
Franciscans—Completion of the Desague—La Obra del Consulado—Negro
revolt—Extension of Oriental trade—Guerra Viceroy—De Cordova Viceroy—Indian
revolt—Cordova founded, | [178] |
| CHAPTER VII.—Marques de Gelves Viceroy—his reforms—Narrative of Father
Gage—Gelves forestalls the market—The Archbishop excommunicates Mexia, his
agent—Quarrel between Gelves and the Archbishop—Viceroy excommunicated—Archbishop
at Guadalupe—he is arrested at the altar—sent to Spain—Mexia threatened—Mob
attacks the Palace—it is sacked—Viceroy escapes—Retribution, | [187] |
| CHAPTER VIII.—The Audiencia rules in the interregnum—Carillo
Visitador—Inquisitorial
examination—Acapulco taken—Attacks by the Dutch—Removal of the
Capital proposed—Armendariz Viceroy—Escalona Viceroy—Palafox's conduct to
the Viceroy—Palafox Viceroy—His good and evil, | [195] |
| CHAPTER IX.—Sotomayor Viceroy—Escalona vindicated—Monastic property—Bigotry
of Palafox—Guzman Viceroy—Indian insurrection—Revolt of the Tarahumares—Success
of the Indians—Indian wars—Duke de Alburquerque Viceroy—Attempt
to assassinate him—Count de Baños Viceroy—Attempt to colonize—Escobar
y Llamas and De Toledo Viceroys—Depredations of British cruisers—Nuño
de Portugal Viceroy, | [201] |
| CHAPTER X.—Rivera Viceroy—La Cerda Viceroy—Revolt in New Mexico—Success
of the Indians—Colony destroyed—Efforts of the Spaniards to reconquer—Vera
Cruz sacked—Count Monclova Viceroy—Count Galve Viceroy—Tarrahumaric
revolt—Indians pacified—Texas—Hispaniola attacked—Insurrection—Burning
of the Palace—Famine—Earthquake, | [212] |
| CHAPTER XI.—Montañez Viceroy—Spiritual Conquest of California—Valladares
Viceroy—Fair at Acapulco—Spanish monarchy—Austria—Bourbon—Montañez
Viceroy—Jesuits in California—La Cueva Viceroy—Duke de Linares Viceroy—British
slavery treaty—Colonization—Nuevo Leon—Texas—Operations in
Texas—Alarcon—Aguayo—Casa-Fuerte's virtuous administration—Louis I.—Oriental
trade—Spanish jealousy—The King's opinion of Casa-Fuerte—his acts, | [221] |
| CHAPTER XII.—Vizarron and Eguiarreta Viceroy—Eventless government—Salazar
Viceroy—Colonial fears—Fuen-Clara Viceroy—Galeon lost—Mexico under
Revilla-Gigedo I.—Ferdinand VI.—Indians—Taxes—Colonies in the north—Famine—Mines
at Bolaños—Horcasitas—Character of Revilla-Gigedo—Villalon
Viceroy—Charles III.—Cagigal Viceroy, | [232] |
| CHAPTER XIII.—Marques de Cruillas Viceroy—Charles III. proclaimed—Havana
taken by the British—Military preparations—Peace—Pestilence—Galvez
Visitador—Reforms—Tobacco
monopoly—De Croix Viceroy—The Jesuits—their expulsion
from Spanish dominions—their arrival in Europe—banished—Causes of this conduct
to the order—Origin of the military character of Mexico, | [240] |
| CHAPTER XIV.—Bucareli y Ursua Viceroy—Progress of New Spain—Gold
placers in Sonora—Mineral wealth at that period—Intellectual condition of the
country—Line of Presidios—Mayorga Viceroy—Policy of Spain to England and
her colonies—Operations on the Spanish Main, &c.—Matias Galvez Viceroy—his acts, | [248] |
|
CHAPTER XV.—Bernardo de Galvez Viceroy—Chapultepec—Galvez dies—his
daughter—Haro Viceroy—Corruption of Alcaldes—Flores Viceroy—his system of
ruling the northern frontier—Mining interests—II. Revilla-Gigedo Viceroy—Charles
IV.—Revilla-Gigedo's colonial improvements—his advice as to California
Anecdotes of his police regulations—The street of Revilla-Gigedo—Arrest of fugitive
lovers—Punishes the culprits, | [255] |
| CHAPTER XVI.—Branciforte Viceroy—his grasping and avaricious character—Corruption
tolerated—Persecution of Frenchmen—Encampments—Branciforte's
character—Azanza Viceroy—Effect of European wars on colonial trade and manufactures—Threatened
revolt—Marquina Viceroy—Revolt in Jalisco—Iturrigaray
Viceroy—Godoy's corruption—War—Defences against the United States—Miranda—
Humboldt—Mexico
taxed for European wars—Ferdinand VII.—Napoleon in
Spain—King Joseph Bonaparte—Iturrigaray arrested—Garibay Viceroy, | [267] |