CHARLES II. 1649—1684.
179. Badge, 1649. Obv. Jugate busts of Charles I. and Charles Prince of Wales r., in armour, &c.; the King crowned. CAR. REX M.B.F. ET H. CAR. PRINCEPS. T.R. (in monogram). Rev. Same as obverse. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·65. Cast and chased; with rings for suspension. By T. Rawlins.
Probably worn by the partisans of the King and Prince. Extremely rough work.
180. Another. Obv. Bust of Prince Charles I., in decorated armour, &c. Rev. Royal shield within Garter; above, crown. Silver. Oval. Size 1·65. Cast and chased; with rings for suspension.
181. Coronation at Scone, 1651. Obv. Bust of King r., crowned, in collar and robes of the Garter. CAROLVS 2. D. G. SCO. ANG. FRA. & HI. REX FI. DE. cor. 1. ia. scon. 1651. Rev. Lion rampant gardant holding thistle. NEMO ME IMPVNE LACESSET. Gold. Size 1·2. Cast and chased.
Charles II. was crowned by the Scots at Scone 1 Jan. 1651.
182. Restoration expected, 1660. Obv. Bust of King r., hair long, wearing armour, &c. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAGNÆ BRIT. &c. Rev. Sun rising out of sea: above, on scroll, ORIAR. Lead. Size 1·3. Struck. By T. Simon.
This medal expresses the hopes and expectations of the Royalists that the Sun of the Stuarts would again rise.
183. Another. Obv. Same. Rev. Three crowns on branches of leafless oak: above, sun dispersing clouds. TANDEM REVIRESCET. Silver. Size 1·35. Struck: hollow. By T. Simon.
184. Badge, 1660. Obv. Similar. CAROLVS SECVNDVS; engraved. Rev. Similar to preceding, but entirely engraved. Silver. Oval. Size 1·4. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.
A cheap badge probably worn by the Royalists at the Restoration.
185. Another. Similar: bust of King, crowned. Silver. Oval. Size 1·35. Cast and chased.
186. Another. Obv. Similar to No. [184]. Rev. Royal shield within Garter; above, crown between C.R. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size ·95. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.
The reverse is in imitation of engraving.
187. Another. Similar: bust of King, crowned. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size ·95. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.
188. Another. Obv. Bust of King, three quarters l., head bare, wearing medal, &c. CAROLVS SECVNDVS; engraved. Rev. Similar to No. [186]. Silver. Oval. Size .95. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.
189. Charles I. and II., 1660. Obv. Bust of Charles I., three quarters r., in doublet and lace collar. CAROLVS D. I. Rev. Bust of Charles II. facing, in doublet and wearing medal, &c. CAROLVS D. II.; field on both sides damasked with roses. Silver. Size 2·7. Repoussé and chased. By Pieter van Abeele.[12]
This medal consists of two plates united by rim, and was executed by Peter van Abeele, during the residence of Charles in Holland.
190. Charles II. and William III. of Orange, 1660? Obv. Bust of King, three quarters r., hair long, in armour, &c., and wearing George. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAGNÆ BRIT. &c. Rev. William III. of Orange, on horseback r.; distant view of river and city. WILHELMVS III. D. G. PRINC. AVRAICÆ COM. NASS. EC. Silver. Size 2·7. Repoussé and chased. By Pieter van Abeele.
In the same style as the previous medal. From the youthful appearance of William this medal could not have been executed after 1660. It was probably issued, like the following one, upon the King's leaving Holland.
191. Reward for services, 1660. Obv. Bust of King, facing r., wearing armour, &c. CAROLUS II. D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRAN. ET HIB. REX. Rev. Three crowns within branches of laurel and palm. PROPTER STRENVITATEM ET FIDELITATEM REBVS IN ADVERSIS; chain-border. Gold. Size 2·9. Cast and chased; has had ring for suspension. Dutch.
This medal is unique, and was evidently given by Charles to some faithful adherent.
192. Embarkation at Scheveningen, 1660. Obv. Same as No. [190]. Rev. Fleet under sail: above, Fame with trumpet and scroll inscribed, SOLI DEO GLORIA; beneath, inscription in Dutch giving date of departure from Scheveningen, 2nd June 1660, and around, IN NOMINE MEO EXALTABITUR CORNU EIUS. PSAL. 89; on edge, PA. F. Silver. Size 2·75. Repoussé and chased. By Pieter van Abeele, whose monogram is on the edge.
Of the same fabric as No. [190]. Charles sailed from Scheveningen for England 2nd June 1660 (N. S.), with his court, on board the Naseby, the name of which ship was then changed to that of the Royal Charles.
193. Landing at Dover, 1660. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing armour, &c., within branches of laurel; around, legend with date of arrival in London, "1660 DIE 29 MAII." Outer legend. CAROLUS II. D. G. MAGN. BRITANN. &c.: I.R. (Monogram.) Rev. Ship approaching shore, on which England, Scotland and Ireland, personified, with three crowns, sceptre, and sword, await its arrival: above ship, star and eye of Providence, in the distance, Dover Castle. SI DEUS EST CUSTOS QUIS MEUS HOSTIS ERIT. Silver. Size 2·25. Struck. By John Roettier.[13] It may be considered the first of the large series of medals executed by him.
The King landed at Dover on the 26th of May 1660 (O. S.) and on the 29th following made his public entry into London.
194. Restoration, 1660. "Gigantomachia." Obv. Bust of King l., wearing robes and collar of the Garter. CAROLVS II. DEI GRATIA MAG. BR. &c. Rev. Jupiter, in clouds, carried by eagle, destroying with thunderbolt prostrate giants: G. Bower F.; ornamented border. Silver. Size 2·5. Struck. By G. Bower.[14]
Charles is here represented as Jupiter demolishing his foes, a probable allusion to the execution of the Regicides.
195. Another "Felicitas Britanniæ," 1660. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing armour and cloak. CAROLVS SECVNDUS D. G., MAG. BRIT. &c. Rev. Peace laureate, with scales and fasces, and accompanied by Minerva and Hercules presenting olive-branch to Britannia seated on sea-shore; behind, Fame: above, Genius with palm. FELICITAS BRITANNIÆ. 29 MAII. 1660; incuse. Silver. Size 3·3. Struck. By John Roettier.
The intention of the medallist is to show that the Restoration was effected under Providence by wisdom and fortitude, and that it produced to Britain justice, plenty and peace. (See also No. [197].)
196. Another. Obv. Head of King r., laureate. CAROLVS SECVNDVS DEI GRATIA MAG. BRI. &c. Rev. Britannia holding spear and shield, seated on sea-shore, and contemplating her navies. FAVENTE DEO; in ex., BRITANNIA; on edge, CAROLVS SECVNDVS PACIS ET IMPERII RESTITVTOR AVGVSTVS. Gold. Size 2·2. Struck. By John Roettier.
This and the next medal are without date. They appear, however, to commemorate the Restoration, but were not executed till several years afterwards. It is generally supposed that they were struck at the conclusion of the treaty of Breda, 31st July, 1667; but that is not possible, for Pepys in his diary under date 26th Feb. 1667, in speaking of this medal, says: "At my goldsmith's did observe the King's new medal where in little there is Mrs. Stewart's face as well done as ever I saw any thing in my whole life, I think: and a pretty thing it is that he should choose her face to represent Brittannia by." Mrs. Stuart, afterwards Duchess of Richmond, was one of the beauties at the court of Charles II. (See No. [245].)
197. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing armour and cloak. AVGVSTISS. CAROLO SECVNDO P. P. I. R. (monogram). Rev. Hercules, Minerva, Peace, and Mercury (with features of the King) assembled around altar, behind which stands Prudence, leaning on shield with figure of Britannia, &c.: Plenty reposes in the foreground. NVLLVM NVMEN ABEST. (Juv. Sat. x. 365.) BRITANNIÆ. Gold. Size 2·4. Struck. By John Roettier.
For explanation of reverse see note to No. [195]. The shield held by Prudence being ornamented with a very rough copy of the reverse type of the previous medal, it may be therefore concluded that this medal was executed at the same time or shortly after that one.
198—199. Coronation, 1661. Obv. Bust of King r., crowned, wearing robes and collar of Garter. CAROLVS II. D. G. ANG. SCO. &c. on shoulder, T. S. Rev. King seated l., holding sceptre, crowned by Peace. EVERSO MISSVS SVCCVRRERE SECLO. XXIII. APR. 1661. Gold and silver. Size 1·1. Struck. By T. Simon.
This medal was made for distribution among those attending at the coronation.
200—201. Another. Obv. Bust of King l., laureate, wearing robes and collar of Garter. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. Rev. Oak-tree in full leaf, with three crowns among the branches; above, sun. IAM FLORESCIT. 23 APR. 1661. Gold and silver. Size 1·65. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.
This medal is by T. Simon, and must have been hastily produced. It was probably issued for distribution to the King's servants, as there is an item in one of Simon's accounts for two in gold supplied to the King's cooks. As No. [182] expressed an expectation that the royal oak would revive, so this declares that it has.
202. Marriage, 1662. Obv. Bust of Catherine of Braganza l., hair drawn back, and wearing coronet, &c. INFANTA DONA CATHERINA; engraved. Rev. Two orange trees, their stems intertwined. Silver. Oval. Size 1. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.
As Catharine here wears the Portuguese dress, which before her marriage she changed for that of the English Court, this badge must have been produced soon after her arrival in England.
203. Another. Obv. Busts of King and Queen facing each other; the King laureate; the Queen wearing coronet. CAROLVS II. ET CATHARINA D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. G. B. Rev. Fame with trumpet and olive-branch. QVANTVM SAT ERIT HIS DICERE DIGNVM. ANO 1662. G. B. Silver-gilt. Size 2·05. Struck. By G. Bower.
Struck on the marriage of Charles with Catharine of Braganza, dau. of John IV., King of Portugal, 29th May, 1662.
204. Another. Obv. Busts of King and Queen jugate r.; Queen slightly draped. CAROLVS II. ET CATHARINA D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. Rev. Jupiter with eagle, and Venus, behind whom Cupid; all in clouds. MAIESTAS ET AMOR. Silver. Size 1. Struck. By G. Bower.
205. Marriage Badge, 1662. Obv. Bust of King r., crowned, in armour, cloak, &c. CAROLVS II. D. G., MAG. BRIT. &c. Rev. Bust of Queen l., draped, wearing coronet, &c. CATHARINA D. G., MAG. BRIT. &c. Silver. Oval. Size 1·7. Struck. By G. Bower.
206. Charles II. and Catharine, 1662, "The Golden Medal." Obv. Bust of King r., laureate, in armour and cloak. CAROLVS II. DEI G. MAG. BRI. &c. Rev. Bust of Queen r., draped, hair ornamented with pearls. CATHARINA D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. Silver. Size 1·65. Struck.
This fine medal was executed by J. Roettier, and is probably the "Golden Medal" commemorated by the poet Waller.
Our guard upon the royal side
On the reverse, our beauty's pride!
Here we discern the frown and smile
The force and glory of our isle.
207. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., laureate, in armour and cloak. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. G. B. Rev. Bust of Queen r., draped, wearing coronet. CATHARINA D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. Silver. Size 2·2. Struck. By G. Bower.
208. Cession of Dunkirk, 1662. Obv. Head of Louis XIV. r. LUDOVICUS XIIII. REX CHRISTIANISSIMUS. J. MAVGER F. Rev. Female figure (Dunkirk) kneeling and presenting keys of the city to Louis in Roman military dress; behind, galley and shield, arms of Dunkirk, &c. DUNKERCA ACQUISITA. XXVII. OCTOBRIS. MDCLXII. Silver. Size 1·6. Struck. By J. Mauger.
Dunkirk was sold by Charles II. to Louis XIV. for the sum of four millions of livres. This is one of a large series of historical medals of the French King.
209—210. Naval Reward, 1665. Obv. Bust of King r., laureate, in mantle. CAROLVS SECVNDVS D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. Rev. King in Roman military dress viewing naval action from shore. PRO TALIBVS AVSIS. Gold and silver. Size 2·4. Struck. By J. Roettier.
This medal was specially struck to commemorate the naval victory over the Dutch, 3rd June 1665, for presentation to the officers engaged: but bearing no date it was used for a reward for other victories during the war of 1665—1667.
211. James, Duke of York. (Victory over the Dutch, 3rd June 1665.) Obv. Bust of the Duke of York r., in armour and cloak. IACOBVS DVX EBOR. ET ALBAN. DOM. MAGN. ADMIRALLVS ANGLIÆ, &c. J. Roetti. F. Rev. Naval engagement, English High Admiral's ship in foreground. NEC MINOR IN TERRIS. 3. IVNII. 1665. Silver. Size 3. Struck. By J. Roettier.
James, Duke of York, encountered the Dutch fleet, under Admiral Opdam off Lowestoft on 3rd June, 1665, and after a terrible battle, in which Opdam was killed, the Dutch were compelled to retreat.
212. Dominion of the Sea, 1665. Obv. Bust of King r., draped and laureate. CAROLVS II. D. G. M. BR. &c. Simon. Rev. King as Neptune holding trident in naval chariot l., drawn by four sea-horses: fleet in the distance. ET PONTUS SERVIET. 1665. Silver. Size 1·05. Struck.
This beautiful medal is supposed to be the last work of Thomas Simon. It commemorates the dominion of the sea obtained by England by the victory of 3rd June, 1665, over the Dutch.
213. Action at Bergen, 1665. Obv. View of Bergen: naval action in harbour: in foreground, G. POOL. Rev. Inscription in Dutch within oak-wreath. Silver. Size 2·1. Struck. By Jerian Pool.
The reverse inscription narrates that the Earl of Sandwich having entered Bergen harbour on 10th August, 1665, with 15 men of war, &c., was compelled, under the fire of the Dutch, to cut his cables and take to flight.
214. Proposed Commercial Treaty with Spain, 1666. Obv. Bust of King r., laureate, in fringed mantle. CAROLVS SECVNDVS DEI GRATIA MAG. BRIT. &c. Rev. Statue of King in Roman military dress on pedestal near sea crowded with ships. REDEANT COMMERCIA FLANDRIS. 1666. Silver. Size 2·2. Struck. By J. Roettier.
This medal expresses a wish that the preliminaries of a commercial treaty, which was being negotiated with Spain for the free passage of the Scheldt, might be brought to a successful termination.
215. Naval engagement, 11—14 June, 1666. Obv. Naval engagement. PVGNANDO. Rev. Inscription in Latin within laurel-wreath, to which are attached the shields of the Seven United Provinces alternately with their bundles of seven arrows. Silver. Size 2·75. Struck. By Jerian Pool.
The Reverse inscription states that this medal is a memorial of the successful engagement of four days, 11—14 June (N. S.), 1666, between the Dutch and English fleets, the latter being defeated with heavy losses. The engagement took place off the North Foreland, and is memorable for its long duration and the desperate courage with which it was fought on both sides. The English fleet was commanded by Monk and Prince Rupert and the Dutch by De Ruyter.
216. Plague and Fire of London, 1666. Obv. Shrine with crucifix between vineyard and cornfield; above, radiate name of Jehovah; in the midst, shepherd feeding sheep, a tranquil river, and in front, St. Paul shaking viper from his hand. MERA BONITAS. Rev. City, one half in flames, the other under storm of rain; in front, disturbed river and Death and warrior contending on horseback: above, eye of Providence, comets and wind. SIC PVNIT. MDCLXVI. Silver. Size 1·35. Struck.
On the obverse are symbolized peace and plenty, the reward of goodness, with St. Paul removing the venomous scourge of the plague by fire; and on the reverse are seen pestilence and fire, the punishment of the wicked.
217. Ships burnt in the Medway and Peace of Breda, 1667. Obv. Burning of ships in the Medway. Legend in Dutch stating that by order, Sir Michael, son of Adrian Ruyter, attacked the ships of war in the river near Chatham, burnt and sank them, &c. Rev. Peace with olive-branch and cornucopiae seated on arms between shields, arms of United Kingdom, France, Denmark, and Sweden on one side, and those of the United Provinces on the other: beneath shields, genii: above, scroll inscribed, SOLI DEO GLORIA; below, another with date of proclamation of Peace, 6 Sep., 1667, &c.: on edge, PA. Silver. Size 2·8. Repoussé. By Pieter van Abeele, whose monogram is on the edge.
In spite of conferences having been opened at Breda to negotiate a treaty of peace, De Witte despatched a fleet to the Nore, which, after burning Sheerness, advanced as far as Chatham and destroyed the shipping. Shortly afterwards a treaty with the Dutch was signed at Breda on 31st July, 1667, and proclaimed on 6th September following.
218. Peace of Breda, 1667. Obv. Belgia with sceptre terminating in an open eye and spear with the sheaf of arrows attached, trampling upon Discord; at her feet, lion and lamb: in the distance, ships burning, &c. MITIS ET FORTIS: in ex., PROCVL HINC MALA BESTIA REGNIS. IUN. 22. 1667. C. A. Rev. Peace holding sword and wreath, caduceus and cornucopiae, trampling on arms and crown: above, hand from cloud holding shields of Great Britain and Holland: in the distance, merchant vessels: on scroll, IRATO BELLUM PLACATO NUMINE PAX EST; in ex., REDIIT CONCORDIA MATER BREDÆ. IUL. 31. Ao. 1667: shield, arms of Breda: edge with inscription stating that this medal was struck by permission of the States of Holland and West Friesland, &c. Silver. Size 2·8. Struck. By C. Adolfszoon.[15]
The issue of this medal by authority of the States gave great offence to Charles, who took the motto HINC MALA BESTIA to apply to himself. Remonstrances were made, a formal apology received, and the dies destroyed. This medal was however one of the grounds of offence in the declaration of War against the Dutch in 1672.
219. Another. Obv. Peace, holding olive-branch and cornucopiae, burning implements of war; under her feet, prostrate soldier; behind, Cupid with arrow. BELLO AB ANGLIS ILLATO A BELGIS FORTITER GESTO, &c.; with date, XXXI. IULII. CIϽDCLXVII. Rev. Bird's-eye view of Breda; around, inscr. commemorating treaty. Silver. Size 3·45. Cast and chased. Dutch.
220. Another. Obv. View of Breda from river covered with pleasure barges; above, Fame, surrounded by genii and holding scroll inscribed, SOLI DEO GLORIA. HET OUD BREDAAS KASTEEL, &c. Rev. Ship of Peace r., propelled by favouring gales and accompanied by Fame and Tritons: her sails decorated with the shields of contracting parties: beneath, Ao. 1667. HIER ZEIILT HET VREDESCHIP OP'T ZILUER IN DE ZEE, &c. Silver. Size 3·2. Repoussé and chased; hollow. By Müller.[16]
221. Another. Obv. An English and Dutch ship sailing side by side with wreaths on main mastheads. Rev. Festoon of fruit and flowers and wreath, to which are suspended two shields, arms of Great Britain and Holland, &c. BRITAN. BATAV. PAX. 1667. C. A. Silver. Size 1·75. Struck. By C. Adolfszoon.
The arms of Great Britain are wrongly quartered, those of Scotland being in the 1st and 4th quarters. The same mistake occurs on No. [218].
222. Proclamation of Treaty of Breda, 1667. Obv. Neptune, in sea-chariot drawn by horses, staying with his trident the progress of a naval engagement. SIC CVNCTUS PELAGI CECIDIT FRAGOR. (Virg. Aen. I, 158.) Rev. View of Breda: above, genii with shields of Denmark, France, England and Holland, with Sweden in centre; beneath, BREDA Den 17 Sept. 1667, G. POOL. NULLA SALUS BELLO, PACEM TE POSCIMUS OMNES. Silver. Size 2·05. Struck. By Jerian Pool.
In the negotiations of peace between England and Holland, Sweden acted as mediator, consequently her shield is placed in the centre as uniting those of the belligerents.
223—224. British Colonization, 1670. Obv. Jugate busts of King in armour, and Queen draped, r. CAROLVS ET CATHARINA REX ET REGINA. Rev. Globe with portions of all the four continents. DIFFVSVS IN ORBE BRITANNVS. 1670. Gold and silver. Size 1·6. Struck. By one of the Roettiers.
This medal alludes to the remarkable growth of British colonization, which as early as 1670 extended over all the four quarters of the Globe. It may however specially refer to the dowry of Queen Catharine, which laid the foundation of the British Empire in India.
The reverse inscription is a play on Virgil's line, "Penitus toto divisos orbe Britannos."
(Ecl. I. 67.)
225. Charles XI. of Sweden, Knight of the Garter, 1671. Obv. St. George and the dragon, r. CAROLVS XI. REX SVE. EQ. NOB. ORD. PERISC. INAVG. 29 MAII. 1671. Rev. Within collar Garter passing through two pairs of Cs crowned; in centre, star of order. CONCORDIA REGVM SALVS POPVLORVM. Silver. Size 1·7. Struck.
Charles XI., King of Sweden, was invested with the Order of the Garter at Stockholm, 29th July, 1668, but not installed till 29th May, 1671.
226. Battle of Solebay, 1672. Obv. Head of Louis XIV. r. LUDOVICUS XIIII. REX CHRISTIANISSIMUS. I. MAVGER F. Rev. Neptune in sea-chariot threatening Holland with his trident. VICTORIA NAVALIS. MDCLXXII. Silver. Size 1·6. Struck. By J. Mauger.
One of the series of medals of Louis XIV. The Battle of Solebay was fought on the 28th May, 1672, between the combined fleets of England and France under the Duke of York and D'Estrées, and the Dutch under De Ruyter. The battle was indecisive, but the Dutch retired.
227. Christ's Hospital, Foundation of Nautical School, 1673. Obv. Bust of King r., in decorated armour and cloak. CAROLVS SECVNDVS D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. Blue-coat boy, surrounded by Arithmetic, Astronomy, Mathematics and Mercury with their attributes; above, genii and winds; in the distance, ships. INSTITVTOR AVGVSTVS. 1673. Silver. Size 2·8. Struck. By J. Roettier. This is described by Evelyn as a "glorious medallion."
In 1672, Charles II. founded a nautical school at Christ's Hospital to provide for the education of forty boys, ten of whom were annually to be placed in the sea-service. Each of them still wears the following badge.
228. Christ's Hospital Badge, 1673. Badge (plaque) with device similar to reverse of preceding medal. Student is surrounded by Arithmetic, Astronomy wearing petasus of Mercury, and Mathematics with their attributes; above, two genii. AVSPICIO CAROL. SECVNDI REGIS. 1673. Silver. Size 3·2. Struck. See preceding.
229. Naval engagement with the Dutch, 1673. Memorial of Captain Van Gelder. Obv. Shield, arms of Van Gelder and crest, &c.; beneath, in compartment, inscr. in Dutch, "In memory of Jan Paulz van Gelder, Captain, dead in the bed of honour, 21st Aug. 1673, aged 26 years." VAN GELDERS ZEEVOOGDS SOON, &c. Rev. Naval engagement: in ex., PVGNANDO. DE VADER WON DE SLAG DE ZOON VERLOOR ZYN BLOED, &c. Silver. Size 3·05. Cast and chased; hollow. By Jerian Pool.
A memorial of Captain van Gelder, son-in-law of Admiral de Ruyter, who was killed in the action of the 21st Aug., 1673, between the combined English and French fleets, and the Dutch.
230. Peace of London, 1674. Obv. William III., Prince of Orange on horseback l.: in the distance, troops bombarding town on the sea-shore; above, scroll entwined with orange-branch and inscribed, VIRES ULTRA SORTEMQUE IUVENTÆ. Rev. Dove with palm and olive-branch flying l., over tranquil sea; in the distance, ships and rising sun. a DoMIno VenIT paX et VICtorIa Læta; chronogrammatic. Silver. Size 2·35. Struck. Dutch.
Peace between England and Holland was concluded in London in 1674. The obverse alludes to the appointment at a very early age of William as Commander-in-Chief of the army of the United Provinces and Stadtholder, and also to the capture of Naerden in 1674.
231. Marriage of William III., Prince of Orange, and Princess Mary, 1677. Obv. Bust of William r., in armour, &c. GVILH. III. D. G. PRIN. AVR. HOL. ET WES. GV. Rev. Bust of Mary l., draped, wearing pearls in hair. MARIA D. G. AVR. PRIN. NAT. DE IORC. Silver. Size 1·6. Struck.
William III., Prince of Orange, married Mary, elder dau. of James, Duke of York, 4th Nov. 1677. This medal is supposed to be the work of Nicholas Chevalier.
232. Peace of Nimeguen, 1678. Obv. Gallia and Belgium, their hands united through serpent-ring, standing before altar decorated with imperial eagle, and inscribed, 1678. O. 20. NEOMAGI; above, eye of Providence. GALLIA CUM BELGIO PACATA PER ANGEIAM. Rev. Peace, with attributes, standing on globe between Mercury and genii supporting shields of Spain, France, and Holland; beneath, lie Discord and War bound; the whole within wreath of olive-branches. Silver. Size 2·7. Struck. Dutch.
The treaty of Nimeguen, negotiated by England between France and Holland, was concluded Aug. 1678, but not proclaimed till 20th Oct. following. Extremely coarse work.
233. Popish Plot, 1678. Details of murder of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey. Obv. Three divisions; in centre one, two monks strangling Godfrey, above whom 1678, and two men carrying him in sedan chair; above, their names GREENE. KELY. HILL. & BERY; below, IVSTICE KILLERS TO HIS HO(liness); in lower division Godfrey lying on his face, his sword passed through his body; in upper division the Pope prompted by the Devil. ROMES REVENGE OR SR. EDMVNDBERY GODFREY MVRTHERED IN THE POPES SLAVGHTER HOVS. Reverse plain. Pewter. Size 2·8. Cast and chased.
Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, after being strangled near the watergate at Somerset-house, was carried by his murderers in a sedan chair to Soho Square, and from thence on horseback to Primrose Hill, where they left him in a ditch with his own sword run through his body, in the position of one who had committed suicide.
234. Another. Obv. Bust of Godfrey r., in doublet, &c., two hands strangling him with his cravat. MORIENDO RESTITVIT REM E. GODFREY. Rev. Green strangling Godfrey in the presence of the Pope, who holds papal bull and blesses the murderer. TANTVM RELLIGIO POTVIT; (Lucret. Lib. I. 102); on edge, CERVICE FRACTA FIDEM SVSTVLIT ATLAS XNS. 1678. Silver. Size 1·5. Struck. By G. Bower.
The inscr. on the edge compares Godfrey to Atlas, who required all his strength to sustain the world, whilst Godfrey sustained the faith with a broken neck.
235. Another. Obv. Same. Rev. Hill on horseback supporting before him the dead body of Godfrey, and accompanied by another murderer feigning drunkenness and carrying sword; in the distance, Primrose Hill; stars shew that it is night. EQVO CREDITE TVCRI (sic). (Virg. Aen. II. 48.) Edge as preceding. Silver. Size 1·55. Struck. By G. Bower.
In conveying the body of Godfrey from Soho to Primrose Hill the murderers agreed that, if stopped on the road, they should pretend that they were taking home a drunken companion.
236. Another. Obv. Same. Rev. The Pope's head and the Devil's joined in one face. ECCLESIA PERVERSA TENET FACIEM DIABOLI. Edge as on No. [234]. Silver-gilt. Size 1·45. Struck.
This reverse design was a very common one at the time of the Reformation.
237. Another. Obv. Godfrey walking after his murder. GODFREY WALKS VP HIL AFTER HEE IS DEAD. ERGO PARES (SVMVS on rev.); in ex., PRO. (Protestant). Rev. St. Denis after martyrdom carrying his head. DENNYS WALKS DOWNE HIL CARRYING HIS HEAD. SVMVS (PARES, &c., on obv.) in ex., PA. (Papist). Silver. Size 1·5. Struck. By G. Bower.
Like St. Denis, who after his martyrdom picked up his head and carried it under his arm, Godfrey is represented walking after his murder, because it was asserted by some of the accused party that they had seen him walking about Primrose Hill after the stated time of his murder. The "Protestant" Saint was thus equal to the "Papist."
238. Another. Obv. A Janus head; Jesuit's face with cap, and Monk's with cowl. O WHY SO FICKLE. Rev. Cluster of seven heads. BIRDS OF A FEATHER FLOCK TOGETHER. Silver. Size 1·4. Struck. By G. Bower.
Great uncertainty exists in the identification of the heads on this medal. Evelyn supposes the double head to represent Titus Oates and Bedloe, and the cluster the heads of the supposed detectors of the Plot. It is quite as probable that the heads may be those of Charles, James and the five Cabal Ministers.
239. Duke of York wrecked, 1682. Obv. Bust of the Duke of York r., wearing mantle. IACOBUS DUX EBORACENSIS ET ALBANENSIS. G.B.F. Rev. Ship in distress off a rocky shore. IMPAVIDUM FERIUNT. (Hor. Car. III. 3. 8.) Silver. Size 1·6. Struck. By G. Bower.
When the Duke of York was returning from Scotland with several noblemen and friends, the vessel struck on the Lemon and Oar Sandbank, off the Norfolk coast, and the Duke and all his companions narrowly escaped drowning.
240. Rye House Plot, 1683. Obv. King as Hercules warding off with his hand Hydra with seven human heads; above, hand with thunder; distant view of Windsor Castle. PERIBVNT FVLMINIS ICTV. 1683. G.B.F. Rev. Shepherd seated on mound watching flock, near which two wolves hanging on gibbet; London in the distance; above, dove with olive-branch. DEVS NOBIS HÆC OTIA FECIT. (Virg. Ecl. 1. 6.) Silver. Size 1·75. Struck. By G. Bower.
Struck to commemorate the Rye House Plot. The Hydra represents the committee of six, who associated themselves for the redress of grievances, Monmouth, Lord W. Russell, Hampden, Algernon Sidney, the Earl of Essex, and Lord Howard, the seventh is the devil. The two wolves are Sidney and Russell.
241. Death of Charles II., 1685. Obv. Head of King r., wearing lion's skin. CAROLUS II. D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. Rev. Setting sun. OMNIA ORTA OCCIDUNT. (Sall. Jugur. II.) MDCLXXXV. Silver. Size 1·9. Struck. Dutch.
Charles died on the 6 Feb., 1685, at the age of 55.
242. Duke and Duchess of York, 1680. Obv. Bust of Duke of York r., in armour and cloak. IACOBVS DVX EBORACENSIS. G.B.F. Rev. Bust of Duchess of York l., draped, &c. MARIA DVCISSA EBORACENSIS. 1680. Silver. Size 2. Struck. By G. Bower.
James Duke of York mar. 21 Nov. 1673 Mary d'Este sister of the Duke of Modena.
243. Marriage of Prince George of Denmark and Princess Anne, 1683. Obv. Busts of George, in armour, and Anne, draped, facing each other. GEORGIVS CIMBRORVM PRINCEPS ET ANNA IACOBI DVCIS EBORACENSIS FILIA. G.B.F. Rev. An oak tree; on ground, acorns. FACTVRA NEPOTIBVS VMBRAM. Silver. Size 1·45. Struck. By G. Bower.
Prince George of Denmark mar. 17 Aug. 1683 Princess, afterwards Queen Anne, dau. of James (II.) then Duke of York.
244. Lucie de Querouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth. Obv. Bust r., loosely draped. LVCIA DVCISSA PORTSMOVTHENSIS. Rev. Cupid seated upon globe. OMNIA VINCIT. Silver. Size 1·1. Struck. By G. Bower.
Louisa Renée de Pennecourt de Querouaille, mistress of Charles II., received from him in 1673 the title of Duchess of Portsmouth.
245. Frances Stuart, Duchess of Richmond. Obv. Bust l., in classical dress. Reverse plain. Copper. Size 2·75. Struck. This medal appears to be the work of J. Roettier.
Frances Terese, eldest dau. of Walter Stuart, third son of the first Lord Blantyre, one of the greatest beauties at the court of Charles II., mar. 1667 Charles Lennox, fourth duke of Richmond. Died 1702.
246. Duke of Albemarle, 1660. Obv. Bust r., in armour. Rev. GEORGIVS MONKE OMNIVM COPIARVM IN ANGLIA SCOTIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ DVX SVPREMVS ET THALASSIARCHA. ÆTA. 52. 1660. Gold. Size 1·35. Cast and chased. By A. and T. Simon. A. Simon executed the model of this medal and the following (Nos. [248]—250), and his brother Thomas chased them.
George Monk, born 1608, commanded in Ireland and Scotland for Parliament, was Commander-in-Chief of all the forces and High Admiral at the Restoration, when he was created Duke of Albemarle. Died 1670.
247. Another (Badge). Obv. Bust l., in armour and cloak. GEORGE DVKE OF ALBEMARLE; engraved. Rev. Within the Garter, shield, arms of Monk surmounted by ducal coronet; wreath-border. Silver. Oval. Size 1·4. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.
248. Earl of Clarendon, 1662. Obv. Bust r., in Chancellor's robes; on arm, Th. Simon F. Rev. EDOARDVS COMMES CLARENDONIÆ SVMMVS ANGLIÆ CANCELLARIVS, &c., MDCLXII. Silver. Size 1·7. Cast and chased. By A. and T. Simon.
Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, born 1608, was Chancellor of the Exchequer to Charles I.; at the Restoration appointed Lord Chancellor with the title of Earl of Clarendon; banished in 1667. Died 1674 at Rouen, where he wrote his "History of the Rebellion."
249. Earl of Southampton, 1664. Obv. Bust l., in cloak; on arm, Tho. Simon. Rev. THOMAS COMES SOVTHAMPTONIÆ SVMMVS ANGLIÆ THESAVRARIVS, &c. MDCLXIIII. Gold. Size 1·6. Cast and chased. By A. and T. Simon.
Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, was much employed by the King in negotiating with the Parliament during the civil war; appointed at the Restoration Lord High Treasurer. Died 1667.
250. Another. Similar: bust with cap. Gold. Size 1·6. Cast and chased. By A. and T. Simon.
251. Unknown Portrait, 1662 (?) Obv. Bust l., wearing mantle, &c. Reverse plain. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·6. Cast and chased. Probably by A. Simon.
252. Thomas Simon, circ. 1660. Obv. Half-length figure, three quarters l., wearing doublet. No reverse. Silver. Oval. Size 1·75. Cast and chased.
A chasing by Stuart: the original is unknown, but was probably executed by A. Simon.
253. Abraham Simon, circ. 1660. Obv. Bust r., bearded, wearing doublet and chain with medal of Christina, Queen of Sweden. No reverse. Silver. Size 1·75. Cast and chased.
A chasing by Stuart executed about the middle of the eighteenth century from a wax model in the British Museum by A. Simon himself. Abraham Simon always wore a medal of Christina of Sweden, it having been given him by the Queen during his residence at her court.
254. Lord Berkeley, 1666. Obv. Bust of Berkeley r., wearing cloak. GEORGE DE BERKELEY PAIR D'ANGLETERRE. 1666. DV FOVR. Rev. Tree, around stem crown inscr. CIMBRIA; in branches, shield arms of Berkeley with supporters; above, baronial coronet. REGIBVS ATAVIS. (cf. Hor. Car. I. 1.) VIRTVTE NON VI. Silver. Size 2. Struck. French by Du Four.
George, Lord (Earl) Berkeley, descended from Robert Fitzharding of the Royal House of Denmark, was 13th Lord Berkeley, succeeded to the title 1658, was privy councillor in the reigns of Charles II. and James II., and was one of those who invited William III. of Orange to England: created Viscount Dursley and Earl Berkeley 1679. Died 1698.
255. Duke of Lauderdale, 1672. Obv. Bust r., in armour and cloak. Rev. Minerva seated r., resting her arm on shield, arms of Lauderdale, whose helmet and crest she holds in her left hand. Motto, CONSILIO ET ANIMIS. 1672. Joan Rott. F. Silver. Size 2·45. Struck. By J. Roettier.
This medal was executed when Lauderdale was created Duke in 1672. (See also No. [119].)
256. Earl of Shaftesbury, 1681. Obv. Bust r., in cloak. ANTONIO COMITI DE SHAFTESBVRY. G. B. F. Rev. View of London, Sun appearing from behind cloud. LÆTAMVR. 24. NOV. 1681. Silver. Size 1·55. Struck. By G. Bower.
Anthony Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury, born 1621, created Baron Ashley 1660 and Earl of Shaftesbury 1672, was, after the Restoration, Chancellor of the Exchequer, a member of the Cabal Ministry and in 1672 Lord Chancellor. Died 1683. This medal was struck to commemorate the acquittal of Shaftesbury on the charge of high treason, 24 Nov. 1681.
257. Duke of Ormond, 1682. Obv. Bust r., wearing armour, &c. IACOBVS DVX ORMONIÆ. G. BOWERS F. Rev. Sword and olive-branch within ducal coronet. PRÆSIDIVM ET DVLCE DECVS. (Hor. Car. I. 2.) 1682. Silver. Size 1·95. Struck. By G. Bower.
James Butler, Duke of Ormond, general and statesman, born 1610, succeeded to Earldom, 1633, created Marquis 1642 for services in Ireland, and after Restoration advanced to a Dukedom: he was twice appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Died 1688.