A Guide to the Exhibition of English Medals

by British Museum. Department of Coins and Medals; Herbert A. Grueber

WILLIAM AND MARY. 1688—1695.

325. Expedition to England, 1688. Obv. William in Roman dress r., and Britannia wearing triple crown, joining hands over lighted altar: behind her, orange and rose trees intertwined, with shield of Britain; in the distance, flight of James II. and Father Petre carrying Prince with toy-windmill. DEO VINDICE IUSTITIA COMITE. R. A. F. Rev. Troops landing from boats in fortified harbour (Torbay); in the distance, fleet. CONTRA INFANTEM PERDITIONIS; in ex., EXPEDITIO NAUALIS PRO LIBERTATE ANGLIÆ. MDCLXXXVIII. Silver. Size 1·9. By R. Arondeaux.

This medal commemorates the arrival of William of Orange at Torbay, the expedition being undertaken to defend the liberties of England against the Pope, who is here styled "the Son of Perdition." (See also No. [286].)[21]

326. Landing at Torbay, 1688. Obv. Bust of William r., laur., in armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS MAGNUS; on arm, I. L. Rev. William standing on cliff and superintending the disembarkation of troops; near him, but with flag inscribed, FOR THES (sic) RELIGI. AND LIBERTY. Leg. GUIL. NAS. IN TORBAY BRIT. Silver. Size 1·8. By J. Luder.[22]

This medal was struck to commemorate the landing of William at Torbay, 5 Nov. 1688. The flag on the hut was that borne by the vessel in which William sailed.

327. Another. Obv. Bust of William r., in armour, scarf, &c.; on arm, 1688. GVILIELMVS III. D. G. PRIN. AVR. HOL. ET WES. GVB. G. B. F. Rev. Prince on horseback at head of army drawn up on seashore: in the distance, fleet; and in foreground, Mars supporting fainting Justice. TERRAS ASTRÆA REUISIT: on edge, NON RAPIT IMPERIUM UIS TUA SED RECIPIT. Silver. Size 1·9. By G. Bower.

This medal asserts that William restored justice to England, and that he did not seize the empire by violence, but was invited to accept it.

328. Arrival of William. Liberty restored to England, 1688. Obv. Britannia r., welcoming Belgia armed, bearing shield of William; in the distance, fleet. M. BRIT. EXP. NAV. BAT. LIB. REST. ASSERTA. Rev. Eagle r., casting gosling out of nest on rock, in which two eaglets remain: above, another eagle, watching fleet in the distance. INDIGNUM EIICIT. Orange-wreath. Silver. Size 2·3. Dutch.

Britain retained the two daughters of James II., Mary and Anne, but rejected the Prince, who was thought to be supposititious.

329. Destruction of Roman Catholic Chapels in London, 1688. Obv. Busts jugate r. of William, laur., and Mary, both draped. GVLIELMVS ET MARIA D. G. ANG. FRA. ET HIB. REX ET REGINA FIDEI DEFENSORES, &c. G. B. F. Rev. Papal emblems burnt in Lincoln's Inn Fields; the west side is seen, with the Portuguese chapel in Duke Street in ruins. NEC LEX EST IUSTIOR ULLA. Silver. Size 2·05. By G. Bower.

The populace, enraged with the Roman Catholics, pulled down their houses and destroyed their chapels. The Lincoln's Inn Fields' chapel was burnt 10 Dec. 1688.

330. Flight of James and Declaration of Parliament, 1689. Obv. Bear, wearing rosary, stung by bees from three overturned hives. PŒNA COMES SCELERIS; in ex., SIC LIBERTATEM RELIGIONEMQ. BRITANNI A SPOLIANTIBUS VINDICANT. MDCLXXXVIII. S. N. Rev. Bear wearing rosary and Jesuit's cap, driven by hands from heaven holding staff and cord with ring passing through his nose; in the distance, the Sorbonne. FORTEM VIS FORTIOR URGET; in ex., BRITANNIA A DUPLICI ARBITRAR. PAPALIQ. OPPRESSIONE LIBERATA. 1689. Silver. Size 1·9. By J. Smeltzing.

The bear on the obverse is James II., and the hives are the three kingdoms; whilst the sting of the bees is the vote of the House of Commons, 28 Jan. 1689, which excluded Roman Catholics from holding any office and declared the throne vacant. The reverse type is emblematic of the rejection of the authority of Rome by England.

331. Liberty and Religion restored to England, 1689. Obv. Bust of William r., laur., in armour and cloak. GUILLEL. III. D. G. PRINC. AURA. RELI. LIBER. QUE. RESTI. Rev. Ark of the Covenant, near which English and Dutch soldiers with shields of their countries praying, and on the other side French and Irish soldiers dispersed by lightnings and by warrior in clouds armed with shield of Nassau and thunderbolt, above whom, EMANUEL; in foreground, flight of Father Petre with Romanist insignia and the Pope carrying young Prince. Silver. Size 2·1. By J. Luder.

This medal was probably executed in 1689, a little before William's coronation. The French king had espoused the cause of James, and Ireland was already in a state of revolt against the Protestants, the civil and military power having been placed by James in the hands of the Roman Catholics.

332. Coronation, 1689. Obv. Busts jugate r. of King, laur., and Queen, both draped. GVLIELMVS ET MARIA D. G. ANG. FRA. &c. G. B. F. Rev. Perseus delivering Andromeda. PRETIVMQ. ET CAVSA LABORIS. 1689. Gold. Size 1·45. By G. Bower.

William and Mary were crowned 11 April, 1689. William is represented as Perseus and England as Andromeda.

333. Another. Obv. Similar. GVLIELMVS ET MARIA REX ET REGINA. Rev. Jupiter in clouds hurling thunderbolt against Phaethon, who falls from his chariot; earth in flames. NE TOTVS ABSVMATVR; in ex., INAVGVRAT. 11 AP. 1689. Gold. Size 1·45. By G. Bower.

Phaethon typifies James, who, unable to manage the reins of the government, is displaced, that "the whole empire may not be destroyed."

334. Another. Obv. Heads jugate r. of King and Queen, laur. GULIELM. R. MARIA REGINA F. D. P. A. I. S. Rev. Papal emblems destroyed by lightning. HÆC SUMMA DIES; in ex., INAVGUR. MAIEST. 11/21 APR. 1689. Silver. Size 1·45. By J. Smeltzing.

Commemorative of the coronation of William and Mary, as destructive of Papal power in England.

335. Another. Obv. Same. Rev. Eagle on rock casting young bird out of nest, in which remain two eaglets; midday sun, and fleet in the distance. NON PATITUR SUPPOSITITIOS; in ex., IURE REGNI VINDIC. MDCLXXXIX. Silver. Size 1·45. By J. Smeltzing. (See also No. [328].)

336. Another. Obv. Bust of King r. laur., draped. WILH. III. D. G. ANG. SCO. FR. &c. G. H. Rev. Bust of Queen l., draped, wearing necklace, &c. MARIA D. G. ANG. SCO. FR. &c.; on edge, CORONAT. WEST-MONAST. D. XI. APRIL. ANNO MDCLXXXIX. Silver. Size 1·55.

By G. Hautsch, who was a native of Nuremberg, but worked in Cologne as well as in Holland. He died circ. 1711.

337. Another. Obv. Busts jugate r. of King, laur., in armour and cloak, and Queen draped. GVLIELMVS ET MARIA D. G. MAG. BR. FR. &c. G. B. F. Rev. Archbishop and bishop supporting crown over heads of King and Queen, seated beneath canopy, each holding sceptre and orb; beneath, 1689. IDOLOLATRIA SERVITVTE PROFLIGATIS RELIGIONE LEGIB. LIBERTAT. RESTITVTIS. Silver. Size 2·15. By G. Bower.

This medal is the official coronation-medal of William and Mary. It was struck in gold and presented to those who had taken part in the ceremony.

338. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., wearing breastplate with name of Jehovah in Hebrew. WILHELMVs TERTIVs ANGLIÆ VINDEX (chronogrammatic). I. S. (monogram) FECIT. Rev. King crowned and holding sceptre and orb, kneeling facing on globe and looking l. towards Eye of Providence in clouds. DEO JUDICE; in ex., PRÆSAGIUM ARAUSIONENSE. 1665. MAG. BRITANNIA IMPLEVIT 11/21 APRIL. 1689. Silver. Size 2·25. By J. Smeltzing.

The reverse alludes to an extraordinary prodigy, which happened on 6 May, 1665. The Parliament and people of Orange being assembled in the Circus to hear a proclamation from the Prince upon their delivery from the oppressions of France, a crown was seen to form itself gradually in the air, and to settle immediately over the throne which had been prepared for the Prince. This phenomenon was witnessed by over 8000 persons.

339. Another. Obv. Busts jugate r. of King, in armour, and Queen draped, both laur. GULIELM. REX MARIA REGINA F. D. P. A. I. SMELTZING. Rev. Orange tree intertwined with rose and thistle, and bearing shield, arms of Britain; on either side, are James and Father Petre, driven out in different directions by lightning from clouds, each accompanied by snake of discord. James drops his crown and sceptre, and Father Petre carries infant Prince with toy-windmill and pyx; above, ITE MISSA EST; in ex., INAUGURATIS MAIESTATIBUS. EIECTO PAPATU. EXPULSA TYRANNIDE. BRITANNIA FELIX. 1689. Silver. Size 1·9. By J. Smeltzing.

ITE MISSA EST are the words used in the Church of Rome at the dismissal of the communicants after the celebration of the Mass. They here refer to the dismissal of James and the Roman Catholics. (See also No. [286].)

340. Another. Obv. Busts jugate r. crowned of King, in armour, and Queen draped. GVLIELM. ET MARIA D. G. M. B. F. &c. Rev. Belgic lion resting one foot on Bible, and with the other trampling on serpent; on ground, prostrate column inscribed, MAG. CART.; fleet approaching TORBAY; above, BRITANNIA. IN TVITIONEM RELIG. PROTES. Silver. Size 1·7. Dutch.

The reverse symbolises Holland defending the Protestant religion and the Magna Charta of England, and indicates the arrival of William as the means employed for that purpose.

341. Another. Obv. Busts, face to face, of King laur., in armour and cloak, and Queen draped. MAIUS PAR NOBILE SCEPTRIS; in ex., G. HENR. ET MAR. PR. AUR. M. BRIT. R. 1689. Rev. Britannia welcoming Belgia; same as obverse type of No. [328]. Silver. Size 2·3. Dutch.

342. Another. Festival at Amsterdam, 1689. Obv. King and Queen seated facing, crowned, and in royal robes: each holds sceptre and orb. GVILHELMVS ET MARIA REX ET REGINA. CORON. APR. 11/21 1689. Rev. The Captain, Lieutenant, and Ensign of the City Guard of Amsterdam standing facing; above, arms of city; around, inscription in Dutch, stating that "on the day of the coronation the guard was kept by the company of Barnard Muikens." Silver. Size 2·35. Cast and chased. Dutch.

During the celebration of the coronation festivities at Amsterdam, the protection of that city was committed to the company of the City Guard under the command of Capt. Barnard Muikens, Lieut. John Althusius, and Ensign Sylvester van Tongeren.

343. Peace restored to Britain, 1689. Obv. Busts jugate r. of King, laur. and in armour, and Queen draped. GVILIELMVS ET MARIA REX ET REGINA BRITANNIÆ. P. H. M. Rev. Britannia holding scales and cross, cap of Liberty on pole and cornucopiae, seated beside prow of ship, beneath rose and orange trees intertwined within crown. AVREA FLORIGERIS SUCCRESCUNT POMA ROSETIS; in ex., SECURITAS BRITANNIÆ RESTITUTA. 1689. P. H. M.; on edge, EXTERNO MALE PRESSA IUGO BRITANNIA PRIDEM IN PRISCAS ITERUM RESPIRAT LIBERA LEGES. (F. K.) Silver. Size 2·15. By P. H. Müller.[23]

This medal represents England at peace, reposing under the protection of William and Mary, symbolised by the rose and orange trees.

One of the series of medals issued at Nuremberg by F. Kleinert and K. G. Lauffer, the Chief Warden of the Mint of that city. In this work a large number of foreign as well as native medallists was employed.

344. William and Mary, 1689. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak. INVICTISSIMVS GVILLELMVS MAG. B. K. (monogram) F. Rev. Bust of Queen l., draped. MARIA D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRANC. &c. I. BOSKAM F. Silver. Size 2·35. By J. Boskam.

Probably struck in Holland about the time of the coronation. Jan Boskam, the artist, executed a large number of medals for William. He subsequently worked at Berlin, where from information supplied by his medals he was still residing in 1705.

345. Another. Obv. Similar; type varied; bust not laur. GVLIELMVS D. G. ANGLOR. SCOT. FRANC. &c. Rev. Similar; type varied. MARIA D. G. ANGLOR. SCOTOR. FRANCOR. &c. Silver. Size 2·45. Dutch.

346. Fortunes of Rebellion, 1689. Obv. Hydra, one head crowned, trampling on sword and scales. NUMERO NON IURE VALEBAT; below, ANNO NOVI DOMINI PRIMO. Rev. Female figure, with two heads, standing on globe perforated by serpent: one side of figure, with boar's head, holds axe and looks towards the Tower, dated 1684; the other, with human face (William), holds crown and looks towards Whitehall, dated 1689. ILLE CRUCEM, HIC DIADEMA TULIT. Silver. Size 1·9. Dutch.

The Hydra represents the promoters of revolution trampling on Justice and authority. On the reverse are compared the fates of Monmouth and William: the former executed in 1684; the latter crowned in 1689. A boar's head langued is the crest of the Argyll family.

347. Toleration Act, 1689. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS REX ANGL. SCOT. FRANC. ET HYBERN. PATRIÆ DECVS ANGLIÆ PRÆSIDIVM. P. H. M. Rev. Britannia crowned and trampling on chains, grasping r. hand of William, and accompanied by Religion with Bible and cross, and Liberty with scroll, inscribed Test, &c.; near William, Belgic lion. TE SERVATORE NON SERVIMVS; in ex., RESTITUTORI BRITANNIÆ. 1689; on edge, REGIA, CREDE MIHI, RES EST, SUCCURRERE LAPSIS. (F. K.) Silver. Size, 1·9. By P. H. Müller.

Executed at Nuremberg to commemorate the passing of the Toleration Act, 24 May, 1689, establishing a complete freedom of worship in England to all religious sects except the Roman Catholic. (See also No. [343].)

348. Rebellion in Ireland. Relief of Londonderry, &c., 1689. Obv. On pedestal, bust of William r., crowned by Pallas and Plenty; distant view of Londonderry and ships advancing to relief of city: pedestal inscribed, WILHELM. MAXIMUS IN BELGICA LIBERATOR IN BRITANNIA RESTAURATOR. Lib: Londonderry 1689. Rev. On pedestal, bust of Louis XIV., crowned by Gallia and Germany, who holds burning city: in the distance, towns besieged: pedestal inscribed, LUDOVIC. MAGNUS IN GERMANIA BARBARUS IN GALLIA TYRANNUS. Obs. Mogunt. et bona. Silver. Size 1·75. By J. Boskam.

Commemorative of the relief of Londonderry, July 1689, and the loss to Louis XIV. in the same year of the cities of Mayence and Bonn.

349. Another. Danish Auxiliaries, 1689. Obv. Fleet at sea. B. M. Rev. A CHRISTIANO V. MISSVM WILHELMO III. AVXILIVM VII.M. MILITVM. MDCLXXXIX. B. M. Silver. Size, 1·7. By B. Meier.

Commemorative of a compact, 25 Aug. 1689, between William and Christian V. of Denmark, by which the latter agreed to furnish William with 6000 foot and 1000 horse, who were to receive the same pay as like soldiers of the English army. These were despatched to Ireland and rendered good service to William. This medal was executed in Denmark by Barthold Meier, the chief medallist of Christian V.

350. William called to Ireland, 1690. Obv. Bust of King r., in armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS III. D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRAN. &c. IAN LUDER FECIT. Rev. Neptune rising from sea, and Ireland with nymph on rock supplicating Jupiter to overthrow Phaethon. NISI TU QUIS TEMPERET IGNES. Silver. Size 2·25. By J. Luder.

William, in consequence of earnest petitions, left London 4 June, 1690, to take the chief command of the army in Ireland to oppose James.

351. Departure of William for Ireland, 1690. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in cloak. GULIELM. III. D. G. BRIT. REX, &c. I. S. Rev. Eagle flying towards land, bearing olive and orange branches and sceptre, fleet approaching shore. ALIS NON ARMIS; in ex., TRAIECTUS IN HIBERNI. LOND. 4/14 IUN. 1690. Silver. Size 1·9. By J. Smeltzing.

William landed at Belfast 14 June, 1690, with a small but well-disciplined army.

352—353. Mary, Regent, 1690. Obv. Bust of Queen r., draped. MARIA II. D. G. MAG. BR. FR. &c. Rev. Full moon above landscape. EX NOCTE DIEM. Silver and copper. Size 1·9. By J. Croker.[24]

On 7 May, 1690, Parliament passed the Regency Bill, providing that whenever William should go out of England, it should be lawful for Mary to administer the affairs of the kingdom in his name and her own.

354. Another, and Action off Beachy Head, 1690. Obv. Heads of King and Queen jugate r., laur. GULIELM. R. MARIA REGINA F. D. P. A. I. S. Rev. Mary l., crowned and holding trident and cornucopiae: in the distance, ships under repair and prisoner conducted to the Tower. DISSIPAT ET REFICIT; in ex., REGINÆ REGENTI. MDCXC. Silver. Size 1·45. By J. Smeltzing.

This medal was struck after the battle off Beachy Head, 10 July, 1690, when Mary ordered the repairing and refitting of the English and Dutch fleets, and committed Admiral Lord Torrington to the Tower. (See next medal.)

355. Another. Obv. Bust of Louis XIV. r., in armour and cloak. INVICTISSIMVS LVDOVICVS MAGNVS. Rev. Naval engagement; in front, Louis XIV., as Neptune, in naval chariot, brandishing trident; on car, I. S. (monogram). MATVRATE FVGAM: ILLI IMPERIVM PELAGI. (cf. Virg. Aen. i. 141—142); in ex., PVGNA AD BEVES ANG. BAT. Q. VNA FVG. D. X. IVL. 1690. Silver. Size 2·85. French.

Commemorative of the naval action off Beachy Head, 10 July, 1690, in which the combined English and Dutch fleets under Admiral Lord Torrington were defeated by the French under Tourville. For this defeat Lord Torrington was committed to the Tower; but with a severe censure acquitted.

356. Battle of the Boyne, 1690. Obv. Bust of King r., in armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS III. D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRAN. &c. IAN LUDER FECIT. Rev. Bellona, with spear and shield, watching battle in the distance; cavalry pursuing enemy; to r., city, above which DVBLINS VICTIS AC FVGATIS HIBERNIS. Silver. Size 2·25. By J. Luder.

Commemorative of the battle of the Boyne, 11 July, 1690. The cavalry charge represented on the reverse was led by William himself and decided the fate of the engagement.

357. Another. Obv. Same. Rev. King on horseback l., commanding; in background, battle. IACOB (James II.) and LAUSUN are fleeing. WALKER dead in the midst of the fight on one side, and SCHOMBERG dead on the field on the other. APPARUIT ET DISSIPAVIT; in ex., LIBERATA HIBERNIA. MDCLXXXX. I. LUDER FECIT. Silver. Size 2·25. By J. Luder.

Incidents of the battle of the Boyne. Lausun commanded the French auxiliaries, and when he saw the day was lost counselled James to fly. Marshal Schomberg, and Walker the defender of Londonderry, were both killed.

358. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak. GVILH. III. D. G. MAG. BRI. FRAN. &c. R. A. F. Rev. William on horseback r., fording river at the head of his cavalry; enemy flying. ET VULNERA ET INVIA SPERNIT; in ex., EIICIT IACOBUM; RESTITUIT HIBERNIAM. MDCXC. Silver. Size 1·9. By R. Arondeaux.

This medal commemorates William's charge at the head of his cavalry: in the attack he had to ford the river Boyne, which was deep and dangerous.

359. Entry of William into Dublin, &c., 1690. Obv. King on horseback l., commanding at battle, &c.; same as reverse of No. [357]. Rev. King standing r., near tripod, and presenting cap of Liberty to Hibernia, kneeling; in the distance, James flying, &c. FOCOS SERVAVIT ET ARAS; in ex., EXPULS. GAL. ET REBEL. DUBLIN. TRIUMPHANS INTRAVIT. Silver. Size 2·25. By J. Luder.

Commemorative of William's triumphal entry into Dublin after the battle of the Boyne, 16 July, 1690. This medal, by calling the Irish rebels, gave great offence even to the partisans of William.

360. Flight of James II. from Ireland, 1690. Obv. Bust of James l., draped, with bag-wig. IACOBUS II. BRITAN. REX FUGITIV. Rev. Stag with winged feet running l., and looking back. PEDIBUS TIMOR ADDIDIT ALAS. (Virg. Aen. viii. 224); in ex., FUGIT EX HIBERNIA. D. 12. IULII. 1690. S. N. Silver. Size 1·9. By J. Smeltzing.

From the field of the battle of the Boyne, James fled first to Dublin, and from thence to Waterford and Kinsale, where he embarked for France.

361—362. Amnesty in Ireland, 1690. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., draped. WILH. III. D. G. ANG. SCO. FR. &c. G. H. Rev. King, crowned by Victory, presents olive-branch to Hibernia kneeling. HIBERNIA RESTITVTA. MDCXC; on edge, ARMIS IVNGIT AMOR NVNC TERTIA REGNA DVOBVS. Silver-gilt and silver. Size 1·55. By G. Hautsch.

Commemorative of the declaration of amnesty, which William issued upon his arrival in Dublin.

363. Mary Regent, 1691. Obv. Heads jugate r., of King and Queen laur. GULIELM. R. MARIA REGINA. F. D. P. A. I. S. Rev. Lioness l., trampling on snakes, near cave occupied by three cubs; lion departing. TE ABSENTE TUEBOR; in ex., REGI REDUCI. Silver. Size 1·45. By J. Smeltzing.

In Jan. 1691 William quitted England for Holland, leaving the Queen Regent. The three kingdoms are represented by the cubs.

364. William's Return to Holland, 1691. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak. GULIELM. III. D. G. BRIT. R. AR. PR. BELG. GUB. J. S. (monogram). Rev. Sun rising on coast of Holland; sea covered with shipping. RECREO DUM REDEO. MDCXCI. Silver. Size 2·3. By J. Smeltzing.

William's return to Holland revived the spirit of the Dutch.

365. Return to Holland and Rejoicings at the Hague, 1691. Obv. King and suite in open boat r.; horseman approaching it. QUID METUAS CÆSAREM VEHIS; in ex., REGI GUILHELMO PER GLACIEM NUBILA ET SYRTES REDUCI. Rev. Belgia and Muse witnessing fireworks; in the distance, triumphal arch, &c. IO TRIUMPHE; in ex., D. F. A. REGE RECCRTO (sic) 5 feb^r. 1691. D. KOENE. Silver. Size 1·8. By D. Koene.

After a very stormy passage, William landed on the coast of Holland in an open boat. On approaching the shore, a countryman rode into the water to inquire who they were, but the horseman, being an old servant of the King, at once recognised his master. Great rejoicings and displays of fireworks took place upon William's entry into the Hague.

366. Triumphal Entry into the Hague, 1691. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS III. MAGNUS FID. STAT. Rev. Triumphal arch, with semicircular advancing wings, enclosing two obelisks. REG. GUILELMO ET ATAVIS PRINC.; in ex., TRIUMFHOS (sic) REGIOS ET PATRIOS, &c. COSS. HAGIENSES IN FORO POSUERUNT. M.S. Silver. Size 2·85. By M. Smeltzing.

This triumphal arch was erected in the market-place at the Hague. Martin Smeltzing was the younger brother of J. Smeltzing. He lived at Amsterdam, and executed medals for William III. of England, Charles III. of Spain, and Augustus II. of Poland.

367. William III. and Louis XIV. contrasted, 1691. Obv. William in Roman dress, holding sword and standard with Christian monogram and cap of Liberty resting on globe: on l., shields of England, Scotland, and Ireland, arms, &c.; on r., harpies flying. HIS ARMIS TRIA REGNA PARAT; in ex., GUILELMUS III. LIBERATOR FLORENS. Rev. Louis XIV. in Roman dress, decrepit, leaning on sword composed of coins, which rests on bomb-shell; above, lightnings; in the distance, Mons in flames and state carriage of Louis, followed by women. UNAM SIC OCCUPAT URBEM; in ex., LUDOVICUS XIIII. OPPRESSOR DECREPITUS. Silver. Size 2·05. Dutch.

William is represented as the successful protector of Religion and Liberty, and as expelling the Harpies of Discord from the British Isles; Louis as a decrepit oppressor, leaning on the emblems of bribery, returning from Mons, and followed by his mistresses. Louis is said to have obtained possession of Mons by bribery.

368. Congress of the Allies, 1691. Obv. Jupiter seated in the midst of the Gods, in council. INGENTES ANIMO DIGNAS IOVE CONCIPIT IRAS CONCILIUMQVE VOCAT; in ex., CONVENTUS FŒDERAT. PRINCIP. PRÆSIDE GUILIELMO III. R. BRIT. HAGÆ COMIT. CELEBR. 1691. P. H. M. Rev. Mars and Concordia joining hands over lighted altar, inscribed SAL. PVBL.; behind, Salus. CONSILIO CONCORDIA ET FORTITVDINE. P. H. M.; on edge, reX regVM ConsVLta DeVs fortVnet VbIqVe (chronogrammatic). F. K. Silver. Size 1·95. By P. H. Müller.

During William's visit to Holland a congress of Princes of the chief States of Germany was held at the Hague, to arrange plans for resisting France. William presided at the meetings. (See No. [343].)

369. Rebellion in Ireland: Battle of Aghrim, 1691. Obv. Busts jugate r., laur., of King in armour and cloak, and of Queen draped. GULI. ET MARIA D. G. M. BRIT. FR. &c. I. SMELTZING. F. Rev. Battle-scene, cavalry engaged. HIBERNIS GALLISQ. DEVICTIS; below, on pedestal, PUGNA AD AGHRIM. XXII. IUL. MDCXCI. S. N. Silver. Size 2·2. By J. Smeltzing.

On 22 July, 1691, General Ginckel attacked and defeated the Irish and French troops under St. Ruth near the Castle of Aghrim. St. Ruth was among the slain.

370. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak. WILHEM. (sic) III. D. G. ANG. SCO. FRANC. &c. F. D. W. N. C. A. P. Rev. Lion r., trampling on prostrate dog, and clawing fugitive cock. SIC UNO FERIT UNGUE DUOS; in ex., IACOBO ET LUDOVICO HIBERNIA PVLSIS AD AGRIM. 1691. Silver. Size 2. By F. D. Winter.

The Lion (England) overthrows the Irish dog and drives from Ireland the French cock, much damaged.

This medal is the work of F. D. Winter, who was one of the engravers of the Mint during the reign of William, for whom he executed several medals. The letters N. C. A. P. may be the initial letters of Neale Custos Artifex Primus, the chief official of the Mint receiving the titles of Master and Worker. This office was filled by Thomas Neale from 1688—1698.

371. Taking of Athlone, Galway, and Sligo, 1691. Obv. Busts jugate r., laur., of King in armour, and Queen draped. GULIELM. REX MARIA REGINA. F. D. P. A. I. SMELTZING. Rev. Shield of Ireland and three medallions murally crowned, &c., of ATHLON. XXX. IUN: X. IUL.; GALLOWAY D. XXVI. IUL: V. AUG.; SLEGO D. XV. XXV. SEPT., all attached to lance, surmounted by cap of Liberty. ARMIS NOMINISQ. TERRORE; in ex., MDCXCI. Silver. Size 1·95. By J. Smeltzing.

This medal commemorates the successful sieges of Athlone, Galway, and Sligo, all three cities falling into the hands of General Ginckel, who commanded for William in Ireland. The double dates are of the old and new styles.

372. Taking of Limerick, 1691. Obv. Busts of King and Queen jugate r., laur., same as No. [369]. Rev. Fame flying r., bearing wreath, palm, and mural crown; on ground, cannon, flags, &c.; in the distance, Limerick bombarded. NON HÆC SINE NUMINE DIVUM. (Virg. Aen. ii. 777); in ex., LIMR. CAPT. HIB. SUBACT. M. OCT. MDCXCI. Silver. Size 2·2. By J. Smeltzing.

The surrender of Sligo was followed by that of Limerick, 2 Oct. 1791, after a siege of nearly a month.

373. Suppression of Rebellion in Ireland, 1691. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS III. D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRAN. &c. IAN LUDER FECIT. Rev. Hercules destroying the Hydra. FOECUNDAM VETUIT REPARARI MORTIBUS HYDRAM. Silver. Size 2·8. By J. Luder.

After the battle of the Boyne one stronghold after another fell so fast into the hands of William and his generals, that before the end of the year Ireland was subdued. William is here likened to Hercules, who destroyed the heads of the Hydra so rapidly that they could not recover themselves.

374. Pacification of Ireland, 1691. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., draped. WILH. III. D. G. ANG. SCO. FR. &c. G. H. Rev. Fame flying r., accompanied by genii bearing six shields, with plans or views of the captured cities, WATERFORT, ATHLONE, LIMRICH, KINSAL, LONDONDERY, and GALOWAY; beneath, William commanding at a battle; beyond, views of DROGHEDA and DVBLIN; in ex., RESTITVTORI HIBERNIÆ. MDCXCI; on edge, ANNORVM GESTA DVORVM CERNIS QVID PLVRES FACIENT. Silver. Size 1·6. By G. Hautsch.

The Pacification of Limerick, which immediately followed the surrender of that city, terminated the Irish war.

375. Another. Obv. Busts jugate r., laur., of King, in armour and cloak, and Queen draped. GULI. ET MARIA D. G. M. BRIT. FR. &c. D. Trapentier f. Rev. Lion l., trampling on Hydra; spaniel fawning at feet of lioness; distant view of city, and sea with ships. PARCERE SVBIECTIS ET DEBELLARE SVPERBOS. (Virg. Aen. vi. 854); in ex., HIB. PACATA CIϽϽCXCI; on edge, ET REGNARE PARES ET MIRÈ SE INTER AMARE. Gold. Size 2·1. By D. Trapentier.

This medal alludes to the attitude of the Jacobite party in England and Ireland; the lion and lioness representing the King and Queen. It was executed in Holland by D. Trapentier or Drapentier, who resided chiefly at Dordrecht.

376. William's throne established, 1691. Obv. England, Scotland, Ireland, and Orange, the two first crossing sceptres, standing around obelisk, decorated with medallion of William and crowned shield, arms of King. GUILEL. IIII. (sic) REGN. R. Rev. King in Roman dress, holding out sword, from the handle of which are suspended four crowns. QUATUOR EX UNO. Silver. Size 1·8. Dutch.

Commemorative of the conclusion of the war in Ireland, when William's sword established his dominion over the three kingdoms, and the Principality of Orange.

377. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak; above, rays; beneath, shield, arms of William, with supporters, crowned between laurel-branches. WILHELMUS III. D. G. BRITANNIARUM IMPERAT. D. K. Rev. Four warriors, England, Scotland, Ireland, and Holland, defending orange-tree; defeated enemies flying, and distant fleets engaged. CAUSA DEI EST; on edge, REGNA MARI TERRAQUE TEGIT TEGITURQUE VICISSIM. Silver. Size 1·45. By D. Koene.

Tranquillity being secured in Ireland, the power of William was now supported by the four countries protecting the orange-tree.

378. Literary Prize-medal, 1691. Obv. Busts jugate r., of King, laur., in armour and cloak, and Queen draped. GVL. & MARIA D. G. M. BR. FR. &c. D. DRAP. Rev. King in Roman dress, seated, holding labarum; before him, Minerva, presenting medals to poets; behind, Fame, with shield inscr., EXP. BRIT.; in the background, rostral column. LIBERAL. REG. IN ERUDITOS; on edge, GLORIA ET FELICITAS NOVI SÆCULI. Gold. Size 1·8. By D. Trapentier.

These medals were presented by William to the poets, who distinguished themselves in celebrating the expedition to Britain.

379. War with France: Battle of La Hogue, 1692. Obv. Busts of King and Queen jugate r., laur., same as No. [369]. Rev. Naval action, French ship sinking. ASSERTA MARIS IMPERII GLORIA; in ex., GALLORUM CLASSE DELETA D. XIX. XXIX. MAJI. MDCXCII. Silver. Size 2·2. By J. Smeltzing.

The battle of La Hogue extended over five days, 19—24 May, 1692. Admirals Russell and Almonde commanded the combined English and Dutch fleets, and Admiral Tourville the French. In this action the French fleet was utterly defeated. Few ships were taken; but those which fled were pursued into their ports and completely destroyed.

380. Another. Obv. Busts jugate r., of King, laur., in armour and cloak, and Queen draped. GULI. ET MARIA. D. G. M. BRIT. FR. &c. R. ARONDEAUX F. Rev. Warrior l., holding trident surmounted by wreath, and leaning on shield bearing united hands; he is seated on lion and unicorn; shield of France lying at his feet; naval action in the distance. GALLIS OCEANO EXPULSIS A CLASSE BRITANNO-BATAVICA. MDCXCII. Gold. Size 1·9. By R. Arondeaux.

381. Another. Obv. Admirals Russell and Almonde in naval car r., inscribed with their names, one holding trident with broom attached, the other, sword; in the distance, view of BARFLEUR, naval action, and LOUIS XIIII, with trident escaping on sea-shell drawn by frogs. PSEUDO NEPTUNO MARI EIECTO. Rev. Same as preceding medal. Silver. Size 1·9. By R. Arondeaux.

The English and Dutch admirals are here represented as sweeping Louis XIV. and his fleet off the sea.

382. Another. Obv. Similar to preceding; view of Barfleur omitted and Louis dropping his trident. DIVUMQ. SIBI POSCEBAT HONOREM. (Virg. Aen. vi. 589); in ex., PSEUDO NEPT. OCEAN. EXP. PUGN. AD BARFL. MDCXCII. Rev. The blowing up of "Le Soleil Royal;" on stern of it, Sun and NEC PLURIB. IMP. Leg. NVNC PLVRIBVS IMPAR; in ex., BRIT. BATQ. VIRTVTE. MDCXCII. Silver. Size 1·4. By R. Arondeaux.

The "Soleil Royal," so called because it was decorated with the emblem and motto of Louis XIV., bore Admiral Tourville's flag at the battle of La Hogue; it was so much damaged in the engagement that it was run on shore at Cherbourg and afterwards burnt to the water by Admiral Delaval. It was the finest war-ship in Europe. The reverse legend is a retort upon Louis's motto NEC PLVRIBVS IMPAR.

383. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., in armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS III. D. G. MAG. BRITT. FR. &c. B. K. (monogram) F. Rev. Naval action; in foreground, French cock flying before lion and unicorn. IMPERIVM PELAGI NOBIS; in ex., INCENSA GALL. CLASSE ANG. ET BAT. VICTORES. MDCXCII. Silver. Size 2·1. By J. Boskam.

This medal is a retort upon Louis XIV., who in July 1690, after the battle off Beachy Head, claimed the empire of the sea. (See No. [355].)

384. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., in armour and cloak. GULIELMUS III. D. G. M. BRIT. FRANC. &c. Rev. Neptune l. in car, striking with his trident one who has assumed his appearance and equipage. SIMILI PŒNA COMMISSA LUUNTUR. (cf. Virg. Aen. i. 140); in ex., MIHI SORTE DATUM. (Virg. Aen. i. 143.) Silver. Size 2·85. By J. Luder.

William is here represented as Neptune, punishing Louis, who had claimed the empire of the sea.

385. Taking of Namur by the French, 1692. Obv. Bust of Louis XIV. r., laur., in armour and cloak. LVDOVICVS MAGN. GALL. REX PIVS AVG. S. Rev. Louis XIV. on horseback r., accompanied by his staff, receiving the surrender of the garrison of Namur; city and army of the Allies in the distance. AMAT VICTORIA TESTES; in ex., NAMVRCVM EXPVGNAT. SPECTANTE AVRIACO ET BAVARO CVM CENT. ARMATOR. MILLIB. XXX. IVN. MDCXCII. Silver. Size 2·35. French.

Namur surrendered to Louis XIV. 30 June, 1692, in the sight of William and the Duke of Bavaria, who arrived at the head of an army of 100,000 men too late to relieve the city. This medal is one of the historical series of Louis XIV. (See No. [401].)

386. Battle of Steinkirk, 1692. Obv. Bust of Louis XIV. r., laur., in armour and cloak. LVDOVICVS MAGNVS REX CHRISTIANISS. R. Rev. French soldier striking prostrate foe, whom he holds by cravat amid standards, &c. on field of battle. VIRTVS PEDITVM FRANCORVM; in cx., PVGNA AD STENKERCAM. MDCLXXXXII. MOLART F. Copper. Size 2·85. By Joseph Roettier and Molart.

On 3 August, 1692, by means of false information, William hoped to surprise the French under Luxembourg and to drive them from their position at Steinkirk. The project miscarried chiefly through the misconduct of Count Solmes, who failed to support the English guards, and the Allies were compelled to retreat with the loss of 7000 men.

387. Execution of Grandval, 1692. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak. INVICTISSIMVS GVILLELMVS MAG. B. K. (monogram) F. Rev. Monument, on which executioner gives the coup de grâce to malefactor; on either side, poles and gallows with quarters and head of offender: monument inscribed, BARTHELEMI DE GRAND VAL. AVRO LVDOVICÆO PERCVSSOR EMTVS GVILELM. III. M. BRIT. REGVM (sic) FRVSTRA PERFODER. CONATUS, &c.; in ex., XIII. AVG. MDCXCII. Silver. Size 2·35. By J. Boskam.

Grandval, a French captain of dragoons, was engaged to shoot William with the knowledge and sanction of James and Louis. He was caught in the camp of the Allies and executed.

388. Battle of Landen, 1693. Obv. Same. Rev. Falcon pouncing upon a heron, who receives it upon its beak: in the distance, view of towns and battle. FORTI SIC VICTOR VINCITVR ART.; in ex., XXIX. IVL. MDCXCIII. I. BOSKAM F. Silver. Size 2·3. By J. Boskam.

The heron when hard-pressed receives the falcon on its beak: so William, attacked by Luxembourg at Landen, resisted the onslaught so successfully that although victorious the French general was compelled to abandon the original plan of the campaign.

389. Another. Obv. Bust of Louis XIV. r., in armour and cloak. LVDOVICVS MAGNVS REX CHRISTIANISSIMVS. R. Rev. Trophy of flags and arms, surmounted by laurel-wreath. CAESA HOST. XX. MILL. TORMENTA BELL. CAPT. LXXVI. SIGNA RELATA XC.; in ex., DE FOEDERATIS AD NERVINDAM. MDCXCIII. MOLART F. Copper. Size 2·7. By Joseph Roettier and Molart.

The French commemorative medal of the battle of Landen.

390. Defeats of William, 1693. Obv. Bust of King l., in bag-wig, wearing armour. GVLIELMVS III. D. G. BRITANN REX. Rev. Arm from heaven, sleeve ornamented with fleurs de lis, beating drum; horsemen flying l. MON SORT EST D'ESTRE BATTV. Silver. Size 1·9. Dutch.

Satirical of the defeats of William at Namur, Steinkirk, Landen, &c. The headdress (bag-wig) of William is similar to that of the portraits of James II., on medals recording his flight. (See No. [360].)

391. Expedition to Brest, 1694. Obv. Head of Louis XIV. r. LUDOVICUS MAGNUS REX CHRISTIANISSIMUS. J. MAVGER F. Rev. Minerva armed, facing, head r., on seashore; to left, naval trophy. CUSTOS ORAE AREMORICAE; in ex., BATAV. ET ANGL. AD LITTUS AREMORICUM CAESIS. MDCXCIV. Silver. Size 1·6. By J. Mauger.

Commemorative of the failure of the attempt upon the coast of France, near Brest, under Admiral Earl of Berkeley and General Talmash, in June 1694. The plan of the expedition was revealed to James by Marlborough and Godolphin. This medal is one of the historical series of Louis XIV.

392. Prince of Baden in London, and Bombardment of Dieppe, 1694. Obv. William l., receiving Prince of Baden at his palace-gates: in foreground, Silence seated r., near shields of Germany and England, surmounted by cap of Liberty. REC. P. BADENS. LOND.; in ex., IUNXIT LIBERTAS AUXIT SECRETUM. X. IAN. MDCXCIV. Rev. Neptune in sea-chariot l. before Dieppe, bombarded by fleet. ET PROXIMVS ARDET VCALEGON. (Virg. Aen. ii. 311); in ex., DIEPPA AB ANGLIS & HOLLANDIS INCENTA. D. XXII. XXIII. IVL. 1694. Silver. Size 2. By J. Boskam.

In order to counteract the intrigues of Louis XIV., the Emperor of Germany sent the Prince of Baden to England, Jan. 1694, to take counsel with William. In July 1694 Dieppe was bombarded by the combined English and Dutch fleets. This medal is composed of the reverses of two separate medals.

393. Bombardment of Havre, 1694. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak. WILHELMVS III. D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRANC. &c. I. BOSKAM F. Rev. Bull of Perillus being heated over flames; in the distance, Havre burning and boats advancing. SVIS PERIT IGNIBVS AVCTOR; in ex., PORTVS GRATIÆ EXVSTVS ET EVERSVS BOMBARD. ANGLO. BATAV. MDCXCIIII. I. B. F. Silver. Size 2·35. By J. Boskam.

Havre was bombarded by the English and Dutch fleets from 26 to 28 July, 1694. The bombardment of this and other places, in retaliation for that of Genoa, Charleroy, and Liège by the French, is compared to the destruction of Perillus, who perished in his own brazen bull, which he had invented for the burning of the victims of Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum.

394. Bombardment of Dunkirk, &c., 1694. Obv. King in Roman dress r., holding thunderbolt. IOVI TONANTI; in ex., GUILIELMO III. D. G. M. BRITANN. REGI. Rev. Ships bombarding towns on sea-coast; above, sun. URBES ASPICIT ACCENSAS, NEC TANTOS SUSTINET ÆSTUS. (cf. Ovid. Met. ii. 228); in ex., VIBRATA IN MARITIMAS GALLIÆ URBES FULMINA. 1694. Gold Size 1·7.

This medal records the bombardment of Dunkirk, Calais, and other places on the French coast, by the English fleet under Sir Cloudesley Shovel, in Sept. 1694.

395. Huy taken, 1694. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak. INVICTISSIMVS GVILLELMVS MAG. Rev. Duke of Holstein on horseback l., commanding at siege of Huy. FVGITE HINC TESTES A LIMINE BELLI; in ex., HVYA CVM ARCE ET FORT. PICARD. ET RVBEO EXP. A. D. HOLSAT. PLEVN D. EXERC. FOED. XXVIII. SEPT. MDCXCIIII. I. B. F. Silver. Size 2·3. By J. Boskam.

The capitulation of Huy (Belgium), 28 Sep. 1694, was followed by the capture of the Picart and Red Forts. The Duke of Holstein Pleun commanded at the siege.

396. Death of Mary, 1695. Obv. Bust of Queen r., draped, wearing tiara. MARIA II. D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRAN. &c. I. BOSKAM F. Rev. Monument, on which are seated the three Fates, decorated with medallion of Queen and reliefs representing funeral procession. VNICA DIGNA DEO; in ex., VIVIT POST FVNERA VIRTVS. MDCXCV. I. B. F. Silver. Size 2·3. By J. Boskam.

Mary died on the 7th Jan. 1695.

397. Another. Obv. Same. Rev. Monument of two small obelisks and larger one in centre, decorated with medallion of Queen, inscription, &c.; pedestal ornamented with reliefs representing sacrifice. COELITVS DATA. COELITVS RECEPTA. MDCXCV. I. B. F. Silver. Size 2·35. By J. Boskam.

398. Another. Obv. Same. Rev. Unicorn springing r., up steep rock; beneath, dead snake, scorpion, toads, &c. EX OCVLIS EREPTA POST DELETA VENENA; in ex., MARIA ORBIS BRITANNICI DELICIAE ET SOLATIVM DESIDERATA. VII. IAN. MDCXCV. I. B. F. Silver. Size 2·35. By J. Boskam.

The apotheosis of Mary is represented under the form of a unicorn springing up to heaven. This animal, by thrusting its horn into the water which it was about to drink, was supposed to destroy all venomous and noxious matter.

399. Another. Obv. Bust of Queen r., draped, wearing tiara, &c. MARIA D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRANC. &c. R. ARONDEAUX F. Rev. Queen lying in state; King seated at foot of couch weeping, surrounded by bishops and nobles. POPULIS LIBERATIS EREPTA OBIIT. VII. IAN. MDCXCV. Silver. Size 1·9. By R. Arondeaux.

In her last moments Mary was attended by Archbishop Tenison and other divines.