INDEX.

Acanthaster, [114]
Acanthobdella, [124]
Acanthocephali, [122]
Acmæidæ, [9]
Actinometra, [113]
Adeonidæ, [66]
Ætheriidæ, [39]
Alcyonidium, [67]
Amaroucium, [99]
Amathia, [67], [68]
Amphineura, [7]–9
Ampullariidæ, [14]
Ancylus, [27]
Annulata, [122]
Anodonta, [39]
Antedon, [111]–113
Aphrodite, [122]
Aplacophora, [9]
Aplysiidæ, [23]
Apoda, [115]
Appendiculariidæ, [105]
“Apple-Snails”, [14]
Architeuthis, [48]
Argonauta, [46]
Ascaris, [120]
Ascidia, [83], [93]
Ascidiacea, [90]
Ascidiæ Compositæ, [96]
Ascidiæ Salpiformes, [99]
Ascidiæ Simplices, [90]
Ascopodaria, [73]
Astartidæ, [38]
Asterias, [108], [114]
Asterina, [111]
Asteroidea, [112], [113]
Astrophyton, [114]
Atlantidæ, [22]
Auger-shells, [21]
Auriculidæ, [26]
Aviculidæ, [33]
Bartlettia, [39]
Basket-fish, [114]
Basommatophora, [26]
Bêche-de-mer, [115]
Bipalium, [118]
Bird’s head Coralline, [58]
Bladder-worm, [117]
Blastoidea, [112]
Bloodworm, [124]
Boat-shells, [20]
Boltenia, [91], [92]
Bonellia, [126]
Borer, [43]
Botryllidæ, [96], [97]
Botrylloides, [97]
Botryllus, [97], [98]
Bowerbankia, [67]
Brachiopoda, [74]–82
Brechites, [44]
Bristle-jawed worms, [122]
Brittle Stars, [114]
Bubble-shells, [23]
Buccinidæ, [18], [19]
Bugula, [58], [59]
Bullidæ, [23]
Caberia, [62]
Calamaries, [4]
Calyptræidæ, [14]
Cardiidæ, [40]
Carditidæ, [38]
Carinariidæ, [22]
Carinella, [118]
Carrier-shells, [17]
Cassididæ, [18], [19]
Catenicellidæ, [66]
Cavolina, [23]
Cellularina, [58]
Cephalopoda, [45]–50
Cerithiidæ, [17]
Cestoda, [116]
Cestode parasites, [116]
Chætoderma, [9]
Chætognatha, [122]
Chætopoda, [116], [122]
Chama, [41]
Chelyosoma, [93]
Chilostomata, [57]
Chirodota, [115]
Chiroteuthis, [47]
Chitonidæ, [7], [8]
Chloeia, [122]
Clams, [41]
Clavagellidæ, [44]
Clavelina, [94], [95]
Clavelinidæ, [94]
Clione, [24]
Coat-of-mail shells, [7]
Cockle, [40]
Colella, [97], [98]
Comatulidæ, [111]
Conchologists, [17]
Conidæ, [21]
Convoluta, [118]
Coralliophilidæ, [20]
Corbula, [42]
Cowries, [14]
Crania, [74], [80]
Creeping Coralline, [60]
Crepidula, [14]
Crinoidea, [112]
Crinoids, [109]
Crisia, [69]
Crisiidæ 69
Cristatella, [71], [72]
Cryptochiton, [8]
Cryptoplax, [8]
Ctenostomata, [57], [66]
Cucumaria, [115]
Culeolus, [92]
Cup-and-saucer Limpets, [14]
Currant Squirter, [92]
Cuspidariidæ, [45]
Cuttlefish, [48]
Cyclophoridæ, [13]
Cyclostomata, [57], [68]
Cynthiidæ, [91]
Cypræidæ, [14]
Cysticercus, [117]
Cystidea, [112]
Dentaliidæ, [28]
Desert-snail, [6]
Diadema, [114]
Diazona, [94]
Dipsas, [36]
Discinidæ, [80]
Distoma, [118]
Distomidæ, [96]
Doliidæ, [18]
Doliolidæ, [100], [103]
Doliolum, [90], [103]
Dracunculus, [121]
Dyscolia, [82]
Ear-cockle gall, [122]
Ear-shells, [12]
Earthworms, [124]
Echinoderma, [106]–115
Echinoidea, [112], [114]
Echinometra, [114]
Echinozoa, [112]
Echiurus, [126]
Ectoprocta, [57]
Elasipoda, [115]
Electra, [62], [63]
Elephant-tooth shell, [1]
Entoprocta, [57], [73]
Escharina, [64]
Eulamellibranchia, [38]
Eunice, [122]
Euthyneura, [23]
False Limpets, [9]
Fan-Mussel, [34]
Fan-Shells, [38]
Fasciolariidæ, [18]
Feather-star, [111]
Filaria, [122]
Filibranchia, [32]
Filograna, [123]
Fissurellidæ, [11]
Flat-worms, [116]
Flukes, [118], [119]
Flustra, [54], [62]
Flustrina, [62]
Fountain-shell, [17]
Fredericella, [71]
Freshwater Limpets, [27]
Freshwater Mussels, [38]
Freshwater Oyster, [39]
Freshwater Polyzoa, [70]
Freshwater Snails, [7], [26]
Freshwater Worms, [122]
Gapers, [42]
Gastropoda, [9]–28
Gephyrea, [126]
Giant Clam, [41]
Glassy Nautilus, [22]
“Glory-of-the-Sea” Cone, [21]
Glottidia, [78]
Goodsiria, [99]
Gordius, [120], [121]
Gorgon’s head, [114]
Guinea-worm, [121]
Gymnolæmata, [57]
Gymnosomata, [24]
Haliotidæ, [12]
Hammer Oyster, [33]
Harpidæ, [20]
Harp-shells, [20]
Helicidæ, [27], [28]
Helmet-shells, [18]
Hemiaster, [110], [114]
Heteropoda, [22]
Hippuritidæ, [41]
Hirudinea, [124]
Hirudo, [124]
Holothuria, [107], [115]
Holothurioidea, [112], [115]
Ianthinidæ, [16]
Idmonea, [69]
Julinia, [98]
Keyhole Limpets, [11]
Kinetoskias, [59]–61
Kuphus, [43]
Lamellibranchia, [29]–45
Land-Snails, [26]
Larvacea, [104]
Leeches, [124]
Lepralia, [64]
Leptoclinum, [98], [99]
Lichenopora, [69]
“Lightning-Snake”, [121]
Lily-Encrinites, [110]
Limidæ, [37]
Limnæa truncatula, [118]
Limnæidæ, [26]
Limpet, [9]
Limpet Snails, [26]
Linckia, [113], [114]
Lineus, [118]
Lingula, [74], [75], [77]–79
Lithodomus, [33]
Littorinidæ, [14]
Liver-fluke, [118]
Loligo, [46]
Lophopus, [71], [72]
Lotoriidæ, [18]
Loxosoma, [73]
Lucinidæ, [38]
Lunulites, [64]
Mactridæ, [40]
Magellania, [75], [77], [82]
Magilus, [20]
Malleus, [33]
Margaritana, [39]
Marine worms, [122]
Melaniidæ, [17]
Meleagrina, [33]–35
Melons, [20]
Membranipora, [63]
Mermis, [120]
Metacrinus, [113]
Mineralogists, [17]
Mitridæ, [18]
Molgula, [91]
Molgulidæ, [90]
Mollusca, [1]–53
Money-Cowry, [15]
Moss Animals, [56]
Mucronella, [65]
Mülleria, [39], [40]
Muricidæ, [20]
Mussels, [33]
Mussels (freshwater), [38]
Myidæ, [42]
Mytilidæ, [33]
Myzostomaria, [125]
Naked-gilled Molluscs, [24]
Natica, [15]
Nautilus, [45], [49]
Nematoidea, [116], [120]
Nemertinea, [116], [118], [120]
Neomenia, [9]
Nereis, [122]
Neritidæ, [13]
Non-parasitic Worms, [118]
Nucleobranchiata, [22]
Nuculidæ, [31]
Nudibranchia, [23], [24]
Octacnemidæ, [100]
Octopus, [46], [47]
Oikopleura, [104]
Oligochæta, [122], [124]
Olividæ, [20]
Ophiacantha, [111]
Ophiuroidea, [112], [114]
Opisthobranchia, [23]
Orange Cowry, [15]
Oreaster, [114]
Ormers, [12]
Ostreidæ, [36]
Ovulidæ, [15]
Oyster, [36]
Panthalis, [123]
Paper-Nautilus, [46]
Patella, [9]
Pearl-Oyster, [33]
Pearly Nautilus, [50]
Pectinibranchia, [13]
Pectinidæ, [38]
Pedata, [115]
Pedicellinidæ, [73]
Pelmatozoa, [111]
Pentacrinus, [111], [113]
Periwinkle, [14]
Perophora, [95], [96]
Phallusia, [93]
Pharyngodictyon, [98], [99]
Pholas, [43]
Phylactolæmata, [70]
Piddocks, [43]
Pinna, [33], [34]
Piscicola, [124]
Planaria, [118]
Platyhelmia, [116]
Pleurotomaria, [11]
Pleurotomatidæ, [20]
Plumatella, [71], [72]
Polychæta, [122]
Polyclinidæ, [96]
Polyplacophora, [7]
Polyzoa, [54]–73
Pond-Mussel, [5]
Pond-Snails, [27]
Pontobdella, [124]
Poromyidæ, [45]
Poulp, [7]
Proneomenia, [7]
Protobranchia, [31]
Pseudolamellibranchia, [33]
Psolus, [115]
Pterocera, [18]
Pteropoda, [23]
Pterotracheidæ, [22]
Pulmonata, [25]–28
Purpura, [20]
Pyrosoma, [90], [99]
Radiolitidæ, [41]
Razor-shells, [42]
Retepora, [65], [66]
Rhodosoma, [93], [94]
Rhopalæa, [96]
Rhynchonella, [82]
River-Snails, [13]
Rock-shells, [20]
Round Worms, [118]
Sabella, [122]
Sabellaria, [122]
Saddle-Oysters, [32]
Salpa, [90], [100]–103
Salpidæ, [100]
Scala, [17]
Scallops, [38]
Scaphopoda, [28]
Schizoporella, [65]
Scorpion-shells, [18]
Screw-shells, [17]
Scrobiculariidæ, [40]
Scrupocellaria, [60], [62]
Scutibranchia, [9]
Sea-Butterflies, [23]
Sea-Cucumbers, [106], [115]
Sea-Hare, [23], [24]
Sea-Lilies, [106]
Sea-Mat, [54]
Sea-Mouse, [122]
Sea-Slugs, [106]
Sea-Urchins, [106], [114]
Sea-Woodlice, [7]
Selenariidae, [64]
Semele, [40]
Sepia, [46]–48
Sepiola, [46]
Septibranchia, [45]
Serpula, [122]
Ship-worm, [43]
Silk Coralline, [68]
Siphonariidæ, [26]
Sipunculus, [126]
Slipper-Limpets, [14]
Slit-Limpets, [11]
Slugs, [28]
Snails, [27]
Solenidæ, [42]
Solenomyidæ, [31]
Spatangus, [109]
Spirula, [49]
Spondylidæ, [37]
Squid, [46]
Stalked Crinoids, [110], [112]
Starfishes, [108]
Stichopus, [107]
Streptoneura, [9]
Strombidæ, [17]
Strongylus, [120]
Styelopsis, [92]
Stylommatophora, [27]
Synapta, [107], [115]
Tænia, [116], [117]
Tapeworm, [116]
Tectibranchia, [23]
Tellina, [40]
Terebella, [123]
Terebratula, [74], [82]
Terebratulina, [82]
Terebridæ, [21]
Teredo, [43], [44]
Testacella, [28]
Tethys, [24]
Thaliacea, [100]
Thecalia, [38]
Thecidium, [81]
Thecosomata, [23]
Thorn-headed Worms, [122]
Thorny Oysters, [37]
Thread-worms, [118]
Thysanozoon, [118]
Tooth-shells, [28]
Top-shells, [12]
Trematoda, [116]
Trepang, [115]
Trichina, [121]
Trichocephalus, [120]
Tridacnidæ, [41]
Trochetia, [125]
Trochidæ, [12]
Trumpet-shells, [18]
Tubifex, [124]
Tubulipora, [69], [70]
Tunicata, [83]–105
Tun-shells, [18]
Turbellaria, [116], [118], [120]
Turbinidæ, [12]
Turritellidæ, [17]
Tylenchus, [122]
Umbraculidæ, [23], [24]
Umbraculum, [24], [25]
Umbrella-shells, [23]
Unionidæ, [38], [39]
Veneridæ, [40]
Venus-shells, [30]
Vermetidæ, [17]
Vesicularia, [67]
Violet Snails, [16]
Viviparidæ, [20]
“Volutes”, [20]
Volutidæ, [20]
Water-Clams, [37]
Watering pot-shells, [44]
Water Spondyli, [37]
Weaver’s-shuttle, [15]
Whelk, [18]
Window-shells, [32]
Wing-shells, [33]
Winkles, [14]
Worms, [116]–126
Worm-shells, [17]
Worm-tubes, [123]
Xenophoridæ, [17]

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET

AND CHARING CROSS.

[1]. A framed series of photographs, illustrating different kinds of radulæ, is placed on the east wall of the gallery.

[2]. From Woodward’s ‘Manual of the Mollusca,’ published by Lockwood & Son.

[3]. From ‘The Cambridge Natural History,’ Messrs. Macmillan & Co.

[4]. From the Greek: pteron, wing, and pous, foot.

[5]. From the Greek: scaphe, a small boat, and pous, a foot—the foot of some Scaphopods being somewhat pointed like the prow of a vessel.

[6]. The term Lamellibranchia is used instead of Pelecypoda in deference to the wish of Professor Lankester.—E. A. S.

[7]. From the ‘Encyclopædia Britannica.’ Messrs. A. & C. Black.

[8]. From ‘The Cambridge Natural History.’ Messrs. Macmillan & Co.

[9]. From the Greek: kephale, head, and pous, foot.

[10]. Zoon, animal; oikos, house.

[11]. Lophos, plume; pherein, to bear.

[12]. Polus, many; zoon, animal.

[13]. Bryon, moss.

[14]. Ektos, outside; proktos, vent.

[15]. Cheilos, lip; stoma, mouth.

[16]. Gumnos, naked; laimos, throat.

[17]. Ktenos, of a comb.

[18]. Phulassein, to guard; laimos, throat.

[19]. Kuklos, circle.

[20]. Entos, inside; proktos, vent.

[21]. Vibraculum, a bristle.

[22]. Pyrosoma—pur, fire; soma, body.

[23]. It should be mentioned that one high authority, Prof. W. K. Brooks, does not regard the life history of Salpa as an example of alternation of generations, but considers the solitary Salpa to be, not asexual, but a female which produces a chain of males; but it is impossible to enter into a difficult question of controversy here.

[24]. From the Greek pelma = a stalk.

[25]. The Asteroidea or Ophiuroidea may be counted under the name Stelliformia.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.
Used numbers for footnotes, placing them all at the end of the last chapter.