VOCABULARY.
=aceite=, oil =aflojar=, to slacken =ajuste de averia=, average adjustment =almacenes fiscales=, bonded ware houses =carne en salmuera=, pickled beef =comarca=, region =conceder=, to grant, to allow =cosecha=, crop, harvest =cueros=, hides =exiguo=, small, insignificant, slender =incluir=, to include, to enclose =incluso=, included =incluyendo=, including =íntegro=, upright, integer, whole =interino=, interim =juicioso=, sensible =linones, olanes=, lawns =manteca de puerco, lardo=, lard =pieles=, skins =productos accesorios=, by-products =sebo=, tallow =tarjeta=, card =tasajo=, jerked beef =tierno=, tender =viajante=, commercial traveller[179]
[Footnote 179: Traveller (passenger, tourist)—Viajero.]
EXERCISE 1 (67).
Translate into English—
1. Benéficas lluvias han caído en toda la comarca, y las tiernas plantas prometen abundante cosecha si siguen favorables las condiciones climatológicas (climatic).
2. Las compras baratas no resultan siempre lo que se llama "gangas" (bargains) pues es necesario también que sean de calidad conveniente y adecuada para el mercado á que se las destine.
3. He recibido una consignación de carne en salmuera, lenguas en latas (canned tongues), tasajo, sebo, margarina, manteca de puerco (or lardo), y productos accesorios que espero poder colocar bien.
4. Me enviaron también un poco de aceite de margarina, heces de sebo (tallow greaves), hueso molido (bone-meal) y tripas de buey (ox casings) baratas.
5. ¿Ha vendido V. algo de estas?
6. No, pero he vendido un poco de sebo.
7. ¿ No ha recibido V. cueros y pieles?
8. No, estos no pertenecen á mi ramo de negocios (line of business).
9. Ha entrado mucho té este mes en los almacenes fiscales y además algún café de Costa Rica.
10. La magnífica colección de muestras y tarjetas para reclamo (advertisement) que nos trajo ese viajante nos han gustado muchísimo.
11. El ajuste de avería y el cheque por la indemnización concedida van inclusos.
12. Tanto los provechos como las pérdidas son exiguos (or exiguas).
13. No hay nada (de) extraordinario en que afloje el mercado.
14. V. es hombre integro y su Señora es mujer juiciosa.
15. Le tomaré algunas piezas de prueba de estos linones rosa y crema pero nada de estos estampados chocolate.
EXERCISE 2 (68).
Translate into Spanish—
1. We have to acknowledge the receipt of your esteemed letter of the 1st inst., which brought us £640 on L. & Sons, payable August 10th.
2. Carried forward (á la vuelta). Brought forward (de la vuelta).
3. Brown sugars have been rather brisk for some time (desde algún tiempo).
4. The manufacturer has discontinued making the old article.
5. The Directors of the Z Company announce an interim (provisorio) dividend for the first six months of the current year at the rate of 10 per cent. per annum.
6. Reuter's Paris correspondent telegraphs that earnest representations are being made by the British Chamber of Commerce in Paris to the French Customs Administration (Administración de Aduanas) concerning the recent change in the classification of yarns wound on bobbins (en bobinas), a matter which seriously affects Lancashire interests.
7. The great object (objeto principal) the meeting had in view was the promotion of further (el abrir nuevas vías al) progress and (y á la) civilisation. That necessarily implied fewer appeals to the arbitrament of the sword (que deberían disminuir los casos de apelar á la espada) and (y ser) more frequent appeals to the remedy of reason.
LESSON XXXV.
(Lección trigésima quinta.)
THE ADJECTIVE (contd.).
=Degrees of Comparison=.
"As … as" and "so … as" are translated "tan … como," "as much … as" and "so much … as" are translated "tanto-a,-os-as … como" or "cuanto."
N.B.—Cuan may be used instead of como before an adjective as—
Tan razonable en precio cuan apreciado por la buena calidad: As reasonable in price as it is appreciated for its good quality.
"The more … the more" is translated "cuanto más … tanto más"; also "más … más" (without the article).
"Than whom," "than which" is translated as follows—
Sedas floreadas italianas que no las hay mejores en el mercado: Italian flowered silks, than which there are no better on the market.
Adjectives ending in io (not ío) drop the whole diphthong before adding ísimo, as—
Amplio—Amplísimo (very ample).
EXCEPT Agrio—Agriísimo (very sour).
Those ending in z change of course the z into c, as—
Feliz—felicísimo[180] (very happy).
[Footnote 180: Z should not occur before e and i in modern Spanish.]
The irregular superlatives óptimo, pésimo, máximo, mínimo, ínfimo and supremo are used very sparingly, but they are found both as superlative absolute and superlative relative, as—
Esta es una cantidad ínfima: It is an infinitesimal amount.
El precio mínimo[181]: The minimum price.
[Footnote 181: Although improperly, we often find "más mínimo" (más ínfimo, etc.).]
El supremo bien de la vida es hacer á otros felices: The highest blessing of life is to make others happy.
The irregular comparatives mejor and peor are in general use.
Mayor and menor refer more generally to age (older, elder, and younger).
"Inferior" and "superior" are generally used as their English equivalents.
The expressions "a larger building," "a higher tree," etc., are generally rendered "un edificio más grande," "un árbol más alto," etc.
Irregular superlatives—
Acre (sour) Acérrimo
Amigo (friendly) Amicísimo
Antiguo (ancient) Antiquísimo
Áspero (harsh) Aspérrimo
Benéfico (beneficent) Beneficentísimo
Benévolo (benevolent) Benevolentísimo
Célebre (celebrated) Celebérrimo
Fiel (faithful) Fidelísimo
Íntegro (upright) Integérrimo
Libre (free), Libérrimo
Magnífico (magnificent) Magnificentísimo
Mísero (miserable) Misérrimo
Munífico (munificent) Munificentísimo
Pobre (poor), Paupérrimo, and Pobrísimo (more used)
Sabio (wise) Sapientísimo
Sagrado (holy) Sacratísimo
Salubre (healthy) Salubérrimo
Simple (simple) Simplicísimo
—Ubérrimo (most fruitful)
Some of the best modern authors write "buenísimo," "nuevísimo," etc., regularly without substituting the diphthong by the pure vowel, as "bonísimo," "novísimo," notwithstanding the shifting of the stress.[182]
[Footnote 182: See Note 47.]
Substantives used as adjectives admit of comparison, as—
Es tan caballero or más caballero que sus contrincantes: He is as (or more) gentlemanly as (than) his neighbours (competitors).
"Than" followed by a number, unless the sentence be negative, is translated by de.
"Than" followed by a finite verb is de lo que, as—
Cumple más de lo que promete: He accomplishes more than he promises.
But—
Hablar Español es más difícil que escribirlo: To speak Spanish is more difficult than to write it.
The following expressions are translated—
Él le lleva seis años: He is older than you by six years.
Esta tela cuesta cinco peniques menos la yarda: This cloth is cheaper by five pence a yard.
Esta casa es diez años más antigua: This firm is older by ten years.
Es tan poderoso que domina el mercado: He is so powerful as to control the market.
=Ver= (to see). Past Part., Visto. Pres. Indic., Veo[183] …
[Footnote 183: It forms the pres. subj., Vea, veas, etc. Imperf. Indic., Veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían.]