INDEX
- Abrasives, [267]-270, [397]
- Abyssinia, potash, [112]
- Adams, Frank D., [367]
- Adirondacks, New York, graphite, [282]
- Ad valorem method of valuation of mineral deposits, [331]-335
- Africa, bauxite, [242]
- Alabama, bauxite, [243], [245]
- Alaska, antimony, [248]
- Algeria, antimony, [247], [248]
- Almaden, Spain, mercury ores, [256]-257, [259]
- Alsace, potash, [111]-113
- Alsace-Lorraine, coal and iron of, under Peace Treaty, [401]-402
- Aluminum Company of America, [243]
- Aluminum ores, [241]-246, [397]
- See also Bauxite.
- Alunite, [39], [41]-42, [112], [114], [230]
- Anaconda, Montana, arsenic production, [250]
- Anaconda Copper Mining Company, manufacture of phosphate, [105]
- use of geology in development and exploration, [326]-327
- Anamorphism, defined, [27], [57]
- Anamorphism of mineral deposits, [26], [57]-58
- Anhydrite, occurrence in gypsum deposits, [284]-285
- Anticlines, occurrence of oil in, [141]-142, [147]-148
- Antimonial lead, [246]
- Antimony ores, [246]-249, [398]
- Apex law, [349]-350, [353]
- Aplites, [35]
- Appalachians, barite, [274]
- Argentina, borax, [275]
- Arizona, asbestos, [271], [272]
- Arkansas, bauxite, [96], [243], [244]-245, [246]
- Arnold, Ralph, [134], [136], [149]-150
- Arsenic ores, [249]-251, [397]
- Artesian wells, [73]
- Asbestos, [270]-272, [398]
- Asphalt and bitumen, [56], [151]-153, [397]
- Atolia, California, tungsten ores, [185]
- Atwood, W. W., [414]
- Australasia, cement, [87]
- Australia, antimony, [247]
- Australia, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, [343], [345]
- Austria, cement, [87]
- Austria-Hungary, barite, [272]
- Austria-Hungary, commercial and political control of various minerals, [64]
- Ball clay, [85], [398]
- "Bar" theory of formation of thick salt beds, [297]
- Baraboo, Wisconsin, quartzites of, [82]
- Barite, [272]-274, [397]
- Basalt, [17], [19], [82], [90]
- Bauxite, [9], [50], [96], [241]-246, [397]
- Bavaria, graphite, [280]
- Bawdwin Mines, Burma, lead and zinc, [209], [214]
- Beaumont Field, Texas, occurrence of oil, [148]
- Belgian Congo, cobalt, [255]
- copper, [205]
- Belgium, barite, [272]
- Belgium, commercial and political control of various minerals, [64], [280]
- Belle Isle, Newfoundland, iron ores, [52]-53, [160], [166]
- Bergholm, Carl, [319]
- Bergstrom, Gunnar, [319]
- Bessemer processes of steel making, [158], [161]
- Bilbao, Spain; iron ores, [160], [170]
- Billingsley, Paul, and Grimes, J. A., [44]
- Bingham, Utah, copper and lead ores, [37], [42], [47], [199], [203], [204], [207], [208], [212], [314]
- Birmingham, Alabama, iron ores, [160], [162], [163], [166]-167
- See also Clinton iron ores.
- Bisbee, Arizona, copper ores, [47], [198], [204], [314], [316]
- Bismuth ores, [252]-253, [397]
- Bitumen and asphalt, [56], [151]-153, [397]
- Black Hills, South Dakota, gold ores, [228], [229]
- tin ores, [262]
- "Blue ground," occurrence of diamonds in, [291]
- "Bluestone," [84]
- Bohemia, uranium and radium ores, [265]
- Boise Basin, Idaho, monazite deposits, [289]
- Boleo, Lower California, copper ores, [201]
- Bolivia, antimony, [247]
- Bolivia, commercial and political control of various minerals, [64]
- Bonne Terre limestone, Missouri, zinc ores, [217]
- Boone formation, Missouri, zinc ores, [217]
- Borax, [274]-277, [397]
- Borax Lake, California, borax deposits, [276]
- Borneo, diamond dust, [268]
- platinum, [238]
- Bort, [267], [268], [398]
- Boulder batholith, Montana, ore-deposits of, [44]
- Boulder County, Colorado, tungsten ores, [184]
- Braden copper ores, Chile, [199]
- Brazil, chromite, [179]
- Brazil, commercial and political control of various minerals, [64]
- Briey district, France, iron ores, [161], [163]
- vanadium, [187]
- Brinton, Virginia, arsenic ores, [251]
- British Coal Commission, [367]
- British Columbia, laws relating to mineral resources, [344]
- British Empire. See Great Britain.
- British Guiana, bauxite, [242], [243]
- British South Africa, coal, [116]
- Broken Hill, New South Wales, lead and zinc ores, [209], [212]
- Bromine, [277]-278, [397]
- Brooks, Alfred H., [404], [408]
- Brooks, Alfred H., and LaCroix, Morris F., [404]
- Buhrstones, [269]
- Building stone, [80]-84, [88]-90, [397]
- Bureau of Mines, [403], [406]
- Burma, lead, [209], [210], [212]
- Burrows, J. S., [367]
- Butler, B. S., Loughlin, G. F., and Heikes, V. C., [44], [55], [230]
- Butte, Montana, arsenic in copper ores, [251]
- Cadmium ores, [253]-254, [397]
- California, antimony, [248]
- asbestos, [271]
- asphalt and bitumen, [152]
- basalt, [82]
- borax, [275], [276]-277
- chromite, [179]
- copper, [199], [204]
- diatomaceous earth, [269]
- fuller's earth, [279]
- gold, [222], [224], [227], [229], [308], [316], [342]
- granite, [82]
- graphite, [281]
- grinding pebbles, [268]
- magnesite, [191]-193
- manganese, [175]
- mercury, [40], [256], [257], [259]
- natural gas, [151]
- petroleum, [132], [133], [135], [137]
- potash, [112], [113]-114
- pyrite, [108]
- serpentine, [83]
- silver, [234], [308]
- tourmaline, [293]
- tungsten, [183]
- Campbell, J. Morrow, [185]
- Campbell, M. R., [121], [122], [366]
- Campbell, M. R., and Parker, E. W., [367], [370]-371
- Canada, arsenic, [250]
- asbestos, 270-271, [272]
- cement, [87]
- chromite, [179]
- coal, [115], [116]
- cobalt, [255]
- copper, [197]-198
- corundum, [268], [270]
- feldspar, [86]
- fluorspar, [193], [194]
- gold, [222]
- graphite, [280]-281
- grindstones and pulpstones, [269]
- gypsum, [283]-284
- iron, [52]-53, [155], [156], [160], [165]
- magnesite, [191]-193
- mica, [286], [287]
- molybdenum, [186]
- natural gas, [151]
- nickel, [180]-182
- petroleum, [128]
- phosphates, [105], [106]
- platinum, [238]
- pyrite, [107]-108
- salt, [294]
- silver, [232], [234]-235
- talc, [299], [300]
- titanium, [190]
- zinc, [214], [215]
- Canada, laws relating to ownership to mineral resources, [343]
- use of magnetic surveys in tracing iron rocks, [317]
- Cananea, Sonora, Mexico, copper ores, [203]
- Cannel coal, [125]
- Cape Colony, South Africa, asbestos, [272]
- Capillarity, effect on ground-water level, [70]
- effect on petroleum migration, [142]-143
- Capital value of mineral resources, [64], [328]
- "Capping," of copper ores, [47]
- Carbonado, [268]
- Carey Act, classification of public lands under, [310]
- Carmel, New York, arsenic ores, [251]
- Casing-head gasoline, 139, [151]
- Caucasus region, Russia, manganese ores, [174], [176]
- Cement, [86]-88, [397]
- Cementation, mineral products resulting from, [24]
- Cementing materials, source of, [25]
- Central America, cement, [87], [88]
- silver, [232]
- See also Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama.
- Central Powers. See Germany, Austria-Hungary.
- Cerium ores, See Monazite.
- Ceylon, graphite, [280]-283 mica, [286]
- Chalk, [83], [398]
- Chamberlin, T. C., [217]
- Chamberlin, T. C., and Salisbury, R. D., [415]
- Chance, H. M., [367], [368]
- Chert, use for abrasives, [267], [268], [270]
- Chile, borax, [275], [276]
- Chile, commercial and political control of various minerals, [64], [261]
- China, antimony, [247]-248, [249]
- China, commercial and political control of various minerals, [64]
- "Chloriding" for silver ores, [314]
- Chrome (or chromite) ores, [178]-180, [307], [365]-366, [398]
- Clarke, F. W., [13], [17], [18]
- Classification of mineral deposits, [27]-59
- Clays, [18], [85], [91]-92, [398]
- Cle Elum, Washington, iron ores, [58]
- Cleavage, [26]
- Cleveland district, England, iron ores, [161]
- Clifton-Morenci district, Arizona, copper ores, [38], [198]
- Climate, as a factor in exploration, [315]
- effect of in formation of bauxites, [246]
- Clinton iron ores, [9], [52]-53, [163], [166]-167, [218], [313], [317]
- Coal, conservation of, [365], [366]-382
- Cobalt district, Ontario, arsenic, [251]
- Cobalt ores, [254]-255, [398]
- Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho, lead-silver ores, [39], [45], [211], [212]-213, [216], [234]
- Coke, [118]-119
- Colloids, content of in clays, [92]
- Colombia, coal, [116]
- Colombia, commercial and political control of various minerals, [64]
- "Colorado," [313]
- Colorado, arsenic, [250]
- Commercial and political control of mineral resources, [65], [387], [388]
- See also under individual resources.
- Common rocks, as mineral resources, [80]-94
- Comstock Lode, Nevada, silver ores, [235]-236, [308]
- Congo. See Belgian Congo
- Connecticut, basalt, [82]
- Conover, Julian D., [12]
- Conservation, [359]-382, [393]-395
- Conservation Commission of Canada, [367]
- Contact metamorphism, [20], [24], [25]-27, [36]-37
- See also Igneous after-effects.
- Contracts, classification of earth materials in, [356]-357
- Copper ores, [9], [36]-50, [51]-52, [55], [197], [209], [307], [308]-309, [313]-314, [318], [396]
- Cornwall, England, tin ores, [42], [260], [262], [263]
- uranium and radium ores, [264]
- Corocoro, Bolivia, copper ores, [206]
- Corundum, [267]-268, [270], [398]
- Costa Rica, manganese, [176]
- "Cracking" processes for refining petroleum, [137], [139]
- Cripple Creek district, Colorado, gold ores, [230]
- Cuba, chromite, [179]
- Cuyuna Range, Minnesota, manganese ores, [175], [177]
- Cycle, erosion or topographic, [6]-7
- Cyclic nature of ore concentration, [7]-8, [47]-48, [56], [169], [201], [205], [208], [325]
- Cyprus, asbestos, [271], [272]
- Dams, geologic problems involved in construction, [414]
- Davis, W. M., [408]
- Death Valley, California, borax deposits, [276]
- Degree of economic geology, [427]-428
- Denmark, cement, [87]
- Depletion of mineral deposits, as factor in valuation and taxation, [331], [337], [339]
- Depth as a factor in mineral deposition, [43], [49], [58]-59
- Diamond dust, [267], [268], [398]
- Diamonds, [289]-292, [316], [317]
- Diatomaceous earth, [267], [269], [398]
- Diorite, [82]
- Dolomite, [23], [192]
- Domes, occurrence of oil in. See Anticlines.
- Domes, salt and sulphur, Gulf Coast, [110], [298]
- Drilling, exploration of mineral deposits by, [320]-321
- Drilling records, public registration of, [305]-306
- Ducktown, Tennessee, copper ores, [204]
- Dutch East Indies, natural gas, [151]
- Dutch Guiana, bauxite, [243]
- Dutch West Indies, phosphates, [105], [106]
- Dynamic metamorphism, [25]-26
- East Africa, mica, [286]
- East Indies. See Dutch East Indies.
- Eckel, E. C., [404]
- Economic Liaison Committee, [406]
- Egypt, petroleum, [128]
- phosphates, [104]
- Eiserner Hut, [313]
- Electrical conductivity, use in exploration of mineral deposits, [319]
- Ely, Nevada, copper ores, [41], [203]
- Emeralds, [289], [291], [293]
- Emery, [267]-268, [270], [397], [398]
- Emmons, W. H., [43]
- Empire, Colorado, molybdenum ores, [186]
- Energy resources, [115]-153
- Engineering, application of economic geology to, [2], [413]-419
- England. See Great Britain
- Enrichment, secondary, [7]-8, [25], [46]-50
- See also under Copper ores, silver ores, etc.
- Epigenetic ore deposits, use of term, [32], [36]
- "Equated Income" method of taxation, [335]-336
- Erosion, relation to oxide zones, [47]-48
- Erosion cycle, description of, [6]-7
- Ethics, questions of, [430]-431
- Europe, coal and iron situation under terms of Peace Treaty, [400]-403
- Expert witnesses, use of geologists as, [349]-355, [357]-358
- Exploitation of mineral deposits, functions of geologist, [326]-327
- Exploration of mineral deposits, [301]-327
- Extralateral rights, litigation affecting, [349]-355
- Extrusive rocks, formation of, [19]
- Federated Malay States. See Malay States.
- Feldspar, [16], [86], [268]-269, [397]
- Ferro-alloy minerals, [156]-158, [173]-196, [307], [362]-363, [365]-366, [393]-394, [397]-398
- Ferroboron, [275]
- Ferrocerium, [288]
- Ferrochrome, [178]
- Ferromanganese, [173]-174
- Ferromolybdenum, [186]
- Ferrosilicon, [195]
- Ferrotitanium, [190]
- Ferrotungsten, [182]-183
- Ferrovanadium, [187]
- Ferrozirconium, [189]
- Ferruginous chert, [167]
- Fertilizer minerals, [99]-114
- Field work for students of economic geology, [425]-426
- Flint linings for tube mills, [269]
- Florida, fuller's earth, [279]
- Flowage, rock, [25], [26]
- Fluorspar, [193]-194, [397]
- Foothill district, California, copper ores, [204]
- Formosa, petroleum, [128]
- Foundations, application of geology to, [413]
- France, antimony, [247], [249]
- arsenic, [250]-251
- asphalt and bitumen, [152]
- barite, [272]
- bauxite, [242], [245]
- cement, [87]
- chalk, [83]
- coal, [115]-117, [127]
- coal and iron situation under Peace Treaty, [400]-403
- fluorspar, [194]
- grinding pebbles, [268]
- gypsum, [283]
- iron, [154], [160]-162, [163], [166]-167, [402]-403
- manganese, [176]
- millstones and buhrstones, [269]
- molding sand, [84]
- oil shales, [150]
- phosphates, [104], [105]
- potash, [111]-113
- salt, [294]
- talc, [299]
- vanadium, [187]
- zinc, [214]
- France, control of various minerals in other countries, [64], [104]-105, [178], [180], [210], [215], [222], [238], [247], [261], [280]
- Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, zinc ores, [215]-216, [220]
- "Freestone," [84]
- French Guiana, bauxite, [242]
- Fuel ratio of coal, defined, [120]
- Fuller's earth, [278]-279, 397
- Gabbro, [19], [82]
- Gale, Hoyt S., [111]
- Galena dolomite, Wisconsin, zinc ores, [217]
- Galicia, petroleum, [128], [129]
- potash, [112]
- Ganister, [84], [91], [195]
- Garnet, [267], [268], [270], [398]
- Gas, natural, [57], [151]
- Georgia, asbestos, [271], [272]
- Georgia granite, volume change in weathering of, [21]
- Germany, arsenic, [250]-251
- barite, [272]-273
- bismuth, [252]
- borax, [275], [277]
- bromine, [277], [278]
- cadmium, [253], [254]
- cement, [87]
- coal, [115]-117, [127], [400]-403
- copper, [9], [52], [197]-198, [206]
- fluorspar, [194]
- gypsum, [283]
- iron, [154], [160]-162, [402]-403
- lead, [54]-55, [210]-211
- lignites, [379], [402]
- millstones and buhrstones, [269]
- nitrates, manufactured, [101]-102
- petroleum, [128]
- potash, [111]-112
- salt, [294], [297]
- silver, [232]
- tripoli and rottenstone, [269]
- uranium and radium, [264]
- zinc, [54]-55, [214]-215, [216]
- zirconium, [189]
- Germany, control of various minerals in other countries, [64], [174], [183], [189], [198], [211], [215], [222], [232], [257], [261], [271], [288], [387]
- Geysers, [72]
- Gilbert, Chester G., [123]
- Gilbert, Chester G., and Pogue, Joseph E., [119], [134], [138]
- Gilpin County, Colorado, uranium ores, [266]
- Glacial geology, application to railroad building, [418]
- Glacial soils, [95]
- Globe, Arizona, copper ores, [198]
- Gneissic structure, [26]
- Gogebic district, Michigan, iron ores, [312], [318], [325]-326
- Gold, monetary reserves, [223]
- Gold Coast, West Africa, manganese, [176]
- Gold ores, [36]-50, [51], [221]-230, [308]-309, [313]-314, [397]
- Goldfield, Nevada, alunite, [41]-42, [114]
- Gossan, [47], [109], [173], [313]
- Government ownership and control. See Nationalization.
- Governments, participation in mineral ownership and international trade, [388]-390
- Granite, [17], [19], [82], [90]
- Graphite, [279]-283, [398]
- Graphite Association, Southern, [405]
- Gravel, sand and, [84]-85
- Gray, F. W., [368]
- Great Basin, Nevada, covering of mineral deposits by lavas, [311]-312
- Great Britain, arsenic, [250]
- Great Britain, control of various minerals outside of British Isles, [64], [101], [104]-105, [132], [152], [165], [178], [181], [183], [198], [210], [214], [222], [225], [232], [242], [247], [252], [256]-257, [260], [275], [280]
- Great Plains, lignite, [118]
- pumice, [268]
- Greece, chromite, [178]-179
- Greenland, graphite, [280]
- Gregory, Herbert, [407], [413]
- Grimes, J. A., and Billingsley, Paul, [44]
- Grinding pebbles, [267], [268], [270], [398]
- Grindstones, [269]
- Ground-waters, composition of and relation to commercial use, [73]-75
- Ground-water level, description of, [70]
- Ground-water supply, relation of geology to, [75]-76
- Guano, [104], [106]
- Guatemala, chromite, [179]
- Guiana, bauxite, [242]-243
- Gulf Coast region, lignite, [118]
- Gypsum, [100], [283]-285, [397]
- Haas, Frank, [367], [369]
- "Head" of underground water, [71]-73
- Heikes, V. C., Butler, B. S., and Loughlin, G. F., [44], [55], [230]
- Highway building, application of geology to, [90]-91
- Holland, cement, [87]
- commercial and political control of various minerals, [64]
- See also Dutch East Indies, etc.
- Homestake Mine, South Dakota, gold ores, [229]
- Hones, [269]
- Hoover, Herbert C., [322]
- Hot springs, relation to ore-deposits, [40], [258]-259
- Hot waters, evidence of formation of ores by, [37]-41
- Huancavelica district, Peru, mercury ores, [258]
- Hudson River, physiographic problems in tunneling under, [415]
- Hudson's Bay, possible diamond field, [317]
- Humus, [94]
- Hunan Province, China, antimony ores, [249]
- Hungary, antimony, [247]
- natural gas, [151]
- See also Austria-Hungary.
- Hydrosphere, [18]
- Hypogene ores, use of term, [32]-33
- Idaho, coal, [117]
- Idria, Austria-Hungary, mercury ores, [257]
- Igneous after-effects, ore-deposits formed as, [19]-20, [36]-46
- Igneous rocks, formation of, [19]
- Illinois, clay, [85]
- Illinois Geological Survey, coöperative exploration for oil, [147], [306]
- Income tax, application to mineral properties, [336]-339
- India, bauxite, [242]
- India, bromine, [277]
- Indiana, coal, [117], [126]
- Interest rate, as a guide in conservation, [364]
- International aspects of mineral resources, [2], [383]-404
- International Coal Commission, [387], [393], [402]
- International trade, in common rocks, [80]
- Intrusive rocks, formation of, [19]
- Iowa, flint linings, [269]
- Ireland, bauxite, [242]
- Iron and coal, situation of western Europe under terms of Peace Treaty, [400]-403
- Iron and steel, metallurgical processes, [158]-159
- Iron and steel industry, possible establishment on west coast of United States, [155], [165]
- Iron cap, of sulphide deposits, [47], [109], [313]
- Iron ores, anti-conservational effect of war, [365]
- attempt to estimate reserves of continents, [322]
- exploration of in Lake Superior region, [323]-326
- general geologic and economic features, [8]-9, [28], [34], [36], [47], [50], [52]-53, [55]-56, [58], [96], [153]-156, [158]-173, [397]
- litigation concerning Cuban, [349]
- metallogenic provinces and epochs, [308]-309
- outcrops, [312]-313
- taxation of in Lake Superior region, [335]
- use of magnetic surveys, [317]-318
- world reserves, [162]-165, [360]-361
- Itabirite, [167]
- Italy, asbestos, [271], [272]
- Italy, coal situation under Peace Treaty, [401]
- Japan, arsenic, [250]
- Japan, control of various minerals in other countries, [64], [105], [154], [247]
- Jasper, [167]
- Java, manganese, [176]
- Jerome, Arizona, copper ores, [41], [47], [198], [204]-205, [314]
- Joachimsthal, Bohemia, uranium and radium ores, [265]
- Joint Mineral Information Board, [406]
- Joplin district, Missouri, cadmium, [254]
- Juneau, Alaska, gold ores, [229]
- Kansas, gypsite, [284]
- Kaolin, [85], [398]
- Katamorphism, defined, [27], [57]
- Katanga, Belgian Congo, cobalt, [255]
- copper ores, [205]
- Kennecott, Alaska, copper ores, [36], [41], [47], [49], [200]-201
- Kentucky, asphalt and bitumen, [152], [153]
- Kimberley, South Africa, diamonds, [291]-292
- Knox dolomite, Tennessee, zinc ores, [219]
- Korea, gold, [222]
- Lacroix, Morris F., and Brooks, Alfred H., [404]
- Lake Superior copper ores, [36], [52], [200], [206]
- Lake Superior copper, silver, gold ores, occurrence in a metallogenic province, [308]
- Lake Superior iron ores, [8], [47], [55]-56, [160], [162], [163], [167]-170, [309], [312]-313
- Lake Superior region, iron ore exploration in, [317]-318, [323]-326
- Land grants in United States, retarding effect on exploration, [349]
- "Land-plaster", [100]
- Laterites, [172]-173
- Laws relating to mineral resources, [342]-358
- Lawton region, Pennsylvania, coal, [117]
- Lead and zinc, Wisconsin, equated income method of taxation, [335]-336
- Lead ores, [36]-50, [54]-55, [209]-213, [307], [308], [313]-314, [361], [397]
- Leadville, Colorado, bismuth, [253]
- Leasing law, on public lands in western United States, [348]
- Leith, C. K., [323]
- Leith, C. K., and Mead, W. J., [45]
- Leith, C. K., and Van Hise, C. R., [56], [324]
- Lesher, C. E., and Smith, George Otis, [371], [372], [373], [375]
- Lignite, [118], [120], [122], [124]
- Lime, [82], [99]-100, [397]
- Limestone, [15], [17], [23], [82]-83, [89]-90, [91]
- Lincolnshire district, England, iron ores, [161]
- Lindgren, W., [43]
- Lipari Islands, Italy, pumice, [268]
- Lithosphere, principal elements of, [13]
- Litigation, use of geologists in, [349]-355, [357]-358
- Lode, application of legal term to diverse mineral deposits, [350]
- Long-wall system of coal mining, conservational aspect, [368]
- Longwy, France, iron ores, [161]
- Lorraine, iron ores, [52]-53, [161]-162, [163], [166], [364], [402]-403
- phosphate from Thomas slag, [104]
- Loughlin, G. F., Butler, B. S., and Heikes, V. C., [44], [55], [230]
- Louisiana, natural gas, [151]
- Lower California, copper, [201]
- magnesite, [191]-192
- Luxemburg, coal situation under Peace Treaty, [401]
- Madagascar, corundum, [268]
- graphite, [280]-282
- Magmatic segregation, mineral deposits thus formed, [34]-35, [59]
- Magmatic waters, evidence of formation of ores by, [37]-41
- Magnesite, [191]-193, [397]
- Magnetic surveys in tracing mineral ledges, [317]-318
- Magnetite deposits, [34], [171], [191], [317]-318
- Maine, feldspar, [86]
- Malay States, tin, [260]-261
- tungsten, [183]
- Manchuria, iron, [160]
- Mandatory countries, exploitation of minerals in, [390]-391
- Manganese ores, [47], [55], [173]-178, [314], [386], [398]
- Mansfield shales, Germany, copper ores, [9], [52], [206]
- Mantle rock, [22]
- Mapimi, Mexico, arsenic production, [250]
- Marble, [83], [89]-90
- Marbut, Curtis F., [95]
- Marl, [83]
- Marquette district, Michigan, iron ore outcrops, [312]
- Maryland, diatomaceous earth, [269]
- serpentine, [83]
- Marysville, Utah, alunite deposits, [114]
- Mashing, [25]-26
- Massachusetts, granite, [82]
- serpentine, [83]
- McCoy, A. W., [142]
- Mead, Daniel W., [69], [77]-78
- Mead, W. J., [245]
- Mead, W. J., and Leith, C. K., [45]
- Mehl, M. G., [144]
- Menominee district, Michigan, iron ore outcrops, [312]
- Mercury ores, [40], [255]-260, [398]
- Mesabi district, Minnesota, concentration of siliceous iron ores, [156]
- Mesopotamia, petroleum, [128]-130, [137], [391]
- Mesothorium, [288]
- Metallogenic provinces and epochs, [308]-309
- Metamorphic cycle and its relation to classification of mineral deposits, [27]-28
- "Metamorphic rocks," defined, [27]
- Metamorphism, relation to economic geology, [10]
- use of principles of in exploration for mineral deposits, [319]-320
- See also Katamorphism, Anamorphism, Contact metamorphism, Dynamic metamorphism, Weathering, etc.
- Metasomatic replacement, [24]
- Metcalf-Morenci district, Arizona, copper ores, [38], [198]
- Meteoric waters, influence of in deposition of ore deposits, [25], [41]-42
- Mexico, antimony, [247]-248
- Mexico, commercial and political control of various minerals, [64]
- Miami, Arizona, copper ores, [33], [47], [48], [198], [203], [208]
- Mica, [285]-288, [398]
- Michigan, bromine, [277]
- Michigan, taxation of iron ores, [335]
- Midcontinent field, petroleum, [132], [135], [137], [141], [146]
- Military geology, preparation of textbook, [407]
- Military operations, relation of ground-waters to, [78]-79
- Millstones, [269]
- Minas Geraes, Brazil, iron ores, [52]-53, [162], [165], [167], [313]
- Mineral deposits, classification and general features of origin, [27]-59
- Mineral industry, basis for popular interest in, [328]
- "social surplus" of, [330]
- Mineral lands, classification, [309]-311
- Mineral paints, relative position of United States, [397]
- Mineral provinces and epochs, [308]-309
- Mineral resources, conservation, [359]-382
- general quantitative considerations, [60]-66
- international aspects, [383]-404
- laws relating to, [342]-358
- nationalization, [345]-347, [375]-376, [377]-378, [382]
- political and commercial control, [65]
- relative position of the United States in regard to supplies, [396]-400
- valuation and taxation, [328]-341
- world movement, [383]-388
- world reserves, [65]-66
- Mineralogy, relation to economic geology, [3]
- "Minette" iron ores, [158], [161], [166]
- Mining law, [342]-358
- Mining methods, control of by government or owners in interests of conservation, [355]
- Minnesota, granite, [82]
- Minnesota, taxation of iron ores, [335]
- Mississippi Valley, cadmium, [254]
- Missouri, barite, [273]-274
- Molybdenum ores, [185]-187, [397]
- Monazite, [288]-289, [398]
- Montana, arsenic, [250]-251
- Monte Amiata district, Italy, mercury ores, [257]
- Morenci-Metcalf district, Arizona, copper ores, [38], [198]
- Mother Lode district, California, gold ores, [229], [308], [316]
- Munitions Resources Commission of Canada, [404]
- Nancy, France, iron ores, [161]
- National Academy of Sciences, [407]
- National Conservation Commission, [367]
- National district, Nevada, antimony ores, [249]
- Nationalization of mineral resources [345]-347, [375]-376, [377]-378, [382], [388]
- Natural abrasives, [267]-270, [397]
- Natural gas, [57], [151]
- Nebraska, potash, [112], [114]
- Netherlands. See Holland, Dutch East Indies, etc.
- Nevada, alunite, [39], [41]-42, [114]
- antimony, [247], [249]
- bismuth, [253]
- borax, [275], [276]
- copper, [41], [199], [203]
- diatomaceous earth, [269]
- gold, [36], [222], [230], [308], [311]-312
- graphite, [281]
- grinding pebbles, [268]
- mercury, [357]
- oil shales, [151]
- platinum, [239]-240
- silver, [36], [38], [234], [235]-237, [308], [311]-312
- tungsten, [183]
- turquoise, [293]
- zinc, [216]
- New Almaden, California, mercury ores, [259]
- New Brunswick, gypsum, [283]-284
- New Caledonia, chromite, [178]-179 nickel, [180]-182
- New Cornelia, Arizona, copper ores, [203]
- Newfoundland, iron ores, [52]-53, [160], [166]
- laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, [344]
- New Hampshire, fluorspar, [194]
- New Idria, California, mercury ores, [259]
- New Jersey, arsenic, [250]
- New Mexico, copper, [199], [203]
- New South Wales, Australia, bismuth, [252]-253
- New York, arsenic, [250], [251]
- New Zealand, bismuth, [252]
- New Zealand, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, [343]
- Nickel ores, [34]-35, [180]-182, [307], [308], [318], [398]
- Nitrates, [99]-100, [101]-104, [386], [392], [398]
- Nonesuch beds, Michigan, copper ores, [52], [206]
- North Africa, iron, [156], [160], [161], [164]
- North Carolina, coal, [117]
- Northern Plains, coal, [118]
- Norway, copper, [197]-198
- Nova Scotia, gypsum, [283]-284
- saddle-reef gold ores, [41]
- saddle-reef gold ores, [41]
- Oceania, mercury, [258]
- Ohio, bromine, [277]
- Oil. See Petroleum.
- Oil shales, [56], [139], [150]-151
- Oilstones, [269]
- Oklahoma, asphalt, and bitumen, [152]
- Ontario, Canada, arsenic, [251]
- Ontario, Canada, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, [344]
- Onyx marble, [83]
- Open-hearth process of steel making, [158]-159
- Ore deposits. See Mineral deposits.
- Oregon, borax, [275], [276]
- Origin of mineral deposits, as a factor in economic problems, [29]-31, [322]-323
- Outcrops of mineral deposits, [311]-316
- Ownership laws, effect on exploration of mineral deposits, [347]-349
- relation of geology to, [349]-355
- Oxide zones, [22], [46]-50, [313]-314
- See also under Copper ores, Silver ores, etc.
- See also under Copper ores, Silver ores, etc.
- Pablo Beach, Florida, titanium ores, [190]-191
- zirconium ores, [189]
- Pacific coast, possible establishment of iron and steel industry, [155], [165]
- Pacific coast province, coal, [117]
- Palegeography, relation to economic geology, [4]
- Paleontology, relation to economic geology, [4]
- Palestine campaign, use of geologic data, [409]
- Panama, manganese, [176]
- Panama Canal, slides, [416]-417
- Parker, E. W., and Campbell, M. R., [367], [370]-371
- Peace Conference, use of geologists in advisory capacity, [356], [406]
- Peace Treaty, coal and iron situation of western Europe under terms of, [117], [400]-403
- Pearls, [289]-292
- Peat, formation of, [123]-124
- Pegmatites, [19]-20, [35], [39]
- Peneplains, formation of, [6]
- Pennsylvania, basalt, [82]
- Persia, petroleum [128]-130, [137], [391]
- Peru, bismuth, [252]
- Petroleum, [57], [127]-150, [307], [310], [386], [396], [398]
- Petroliferous provinces, [149], [308]
- Petrology, relation to economic geology, [3]
- Philipsburg, Montana, manganese and silver ores, [37], [175], [176]-177, [237]
- Phosphates, [99]-100, [104]-107, [397]
- Physiography, general discussion and relations to economic geology, [6]-10
- See also Topography.
- Physiography, relation to bridge building, [413]
- Pisolites, [172]
- Pitch. See Asphalt.
- Pittman Silver Act, [233]
- Placers, formation of, [51]
- Plasticity of clay, [92]
- Platinum ores, [51], [237]-240, [386], [398]
- Plumbago. See Graphite.
- Pogue, Joseph E., [100]
- Pogue, Joseph E., and Gilbert, Chester G., [119], [134], [138]
- Poland, lead and zinc, [210], [214]
- Political and commercial control of mineral resources, [65], [387]-388
- See also under individual resources.
- Porosity of rocks, [69], [141]
- Porphyry copper ores, [197], [199], [203]
- Portland cement. See Cement.
- Portugal, arsenic, [250]
- Potash, [86], [99]-100, [111]-114, [386], [398]
- Precious stones, [289]-293, [398]
- Primary ore deposits, use of term, [32]
- Primary ores, relation to depth, [49]
- Propylitic alteration, [39], [236]
- Protore, use of term, [33], [48]
- "Proximate" analyses of coal, [120]
- Public domain, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources on, [343]-344
- Pulpstones, [269]
- Pumice, [267], [268], [270], [398]
- Puzzolan cement. See Cement.
- Pyrite, [100], [107]-109, [307], [386], [397]
- Pyrophyllite, [299]
- Quartz, as geologic thermometer, [38]
- Quartzite, [84], [91]
- Quebec, Canada, asbestos, [270]-272
- Quebec, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, [344]
- Queensland, Australia, arsenic, [250]
- Quicksilver ores. See Mercury ores.
- Radium ores, [55], [263]-266, [397]
- Railway construction, application of geology to, [417]-418
- Rambler, Wyoming, occurrence of platinum, [239]
- Ransome, F. L., [33], [208], [230]
- Ray, Arizona, copper ores, [33], [47], [48], [198], [203], [208]
- "Red Beds" copper ores, [9], [206]
- Registration, public, of drilling records, [305]-306
- Regulus, [247]
- Reparations Committee, [387], [393], [402]
- Replacement, metasomatic, [24]
- Reserves of mineral resources, [65]-66, [359]-363, [393]-395
- See also under individual resources.
- "Resource cost" of coal, reduction of in interests of conservation, [334], [375]
- Rhode Island, coal, [117]
- graphite, [281]
- Rhodesia, asbestos, [272]
- chromite, [178]-179
- Ries, H., and Watson, T. L., [413]
- Rio Tinto, Spain, copper ores, [204]
- pyrite, [108]
- Road building, application of geology to, [90]-91, [418]
- "Rock flour," defined, [95]
- Rock slides, [78], [415]-417
- Rocks, common, as mineral resources, [80]-84
- Rocky Mountain region, coal, [117]
- Room-and-pillar system of coal mining, modification for conservational purposes, [368]-369
- Rottenstone, [267], [269]
- Roumania, graphite, [280]
- Royal Ontario Nickel Commission, [181]
- Royalties on coal, reduction of in interests of conservation, [334], [375]
- Rubies, [289], [291]-292
- Russia, asbestos, [270]-271, [272]
- Russia, commercial and political control of various minerals, [64]
- laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, [343]
- Russia, Asiatic, vanadium, [187]
- See also Siberia.
- See also Siberia.
- Saar Basin, coal of, under Peace Treaty, [401]
- Salisbury, R. D., and Chamberlin, T. C., [415]
- Salt, [294]-298, [397]
- Salt domes of Gulf Coast, [298]
- Sand, [15], [84], [267]
- Sand and gravel, [84]-85
- Sandstone, [15], [17], [23], [84], [90], [267], [269]
- Santa Rita, New Mexico, copper ores, [203]
- Sapphires, [289], [291], [293]
- Sargasso Sea theory, of deposition of lead and zinc sulphides, [217]
- Saxony, bismuth, [252]
- tin, [262]
- Scandinavia, molybdenum, [386]
- nitrogen-fixation plants, [102]
- Schistose structure, [26]
- Schlumberger, C., [319]
- Schuchert, Charles, [144]
- Schultz, Robert S., Jr., [417]
- Scotland, magnesite, [191]
- oil shales, [150]
- Searles Lake California, borax deposits, [276]
- Secondary enrichment, [7]-8, [25], [46]-50
- See also under Copper ores, Silver ores, etc.
- Secondary ore deposits, use of term, [32]
- Sedigenetic deposits, use of term, [51]
- Sedimentary mineral deposits, unsolved problems, [9], [53], [56]
- Sedimentary rocks, formation of, [22]-24, [96]
- Sedimentation, relation to economic geology, [2]
- Segregation, magmatic, [34]-35, [59]
- Sericitic alteration, [39]
- Serpentine, [83]
- Seward Peninsula, Alaska, tin ores, [261], [262]
- Shale, [15], [17], [23], [85], [90]
- Shasta County, California, copper ores, [204]
- Shipping Board, [356], [406]
- Siam, sapphires, [289], [293]
- Siberia, emeralds, [293]
- Silesia, cadmium, [254]
- Silica, [195]-196, [267], [269]
- See also Quartz, Quartzite, Sand, Sandstone, etc.
- "Silt" (fine coal), use of, [370], [371]
- Silver ores, [36]-50, [55], [231]-237, [308], [313]-314, [397]
- Silver Reef, Utah, deposits, [55]
- Slate, [85], [89]
- Slides, earth and rock, [78], [357], [415]-417
- Smelting capacity of world, [61]
- Smith, George Otis, [310], [367], [403]
- Smith, George Otis and Lesher, C. E., [371], [373], [373], [375]
- Smyrna, Turkey, emery, [268]
- Soapstone, [299]-300
- Societies, professional, standards of admission, [421]-422, [428]
- Soils, classification, [97]
- Sound waves, possible use in exploration, [319]
- South Africa, asbestos, [271], [272]
- South Africa, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, [343], [345]
- South America, cement, [87]-88
- South America, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, [343]-344, [345]
- South Carolina, coal, [117]
- South Dakota, gold, [222], [228], [229]
- Southern Graphite Association, [405]
- Southern Pacific Railway, litigation in regard to oil lands, [348]
- Spain, arsenic, [250]
- barite, [272]
- cement, [87]
- copper, [197]-198, [204]
- garnet, [268], [270]
- iron, [154], [156], [160]-161, [162], [163]
- lead, [210], [211]-212
- manganese, [174]
- mercury, [256]-257, [259]
- phosphates, [104], [106]
- platinum, [238]
- potash, [111]-113
- pyrite, [107]-108
- salt, [294]
- silver, [232]
- sulphur, [109]-110
- zinc, [214]-215
- Spain, commercial and political control of various minerals, [64]
- Spiegeleisen, [173]-174
- Springs, [72]
- Spurr, J. E., [43], [64], [403]
- Stassfurt, Germany, borax, [277]
- Steel. See Iron and steel
- Stone. See Building stone, Common rocks.
- Storage of coal, [376]
- Stratigraphy, relation to economic geology, [4]
- Structural geology, relation to economic geology, [5]
- use of principles of in exploration for mineral deposits, [319]-320
- Structures of rocks, relation to earth stresses, [5]
- relation to topography, [7]
- Subsidence of ground over mining operations, geologic study of, [357], [417]
- Sudbury, Ontario, cobalt, [255]
- Sulphide enrichment. See Secondary enrichment.
- Sulphur, [99]-100, [109]-111, [397]
- Sulphur Bank Springs, California, deposition of mercury by hot waters, [259]
- Supergene ores, use of term, [32], [33], [48]
- Surface water supplies, [76]-78
- Surface waters, application of geology to use of, [414]
- relation to excavation and construction, [78]-79
- Sweden, cement, [87]
- Switzerland, cement, [87]
- nitrogen fixation plants, [102]
- Syngenetic ore deposits, use of term, [32], [34], [51]
- Taconite, [167]
- Talc and soapstone, [299]-300, [397]
- Tankage, use of phosphate content, [104]
- Tariffs, proposed, on mineral resources, [175]-176, [179], [184], [192], [248], [257]-258
- Tariffs and duties, anti-conservational effect of, [362]-363, [366], [375], [376], [393]-394
- Tasmania, bismuth, [252]
- Taxation of mineral resources, [1], [335]-341
- Tennessee, barite, [273]
- Terlingua district, Texas, mercury, [257], [259]
- Texas, asphalt and bitumen, [152]
- Thermal metamorphism. See Contact metamorphism.
- Thermal waters, [72]
- Thibet, borax, [275], [276]
- Thomas process of steel making, [158], [161]
- Tin ores, [36]-50, [51], [260]-263, [307], [322], [386], [392], [398]
- Tintic, Utah, silver ores, [39], [42], [235], [251], [253]
- Titaniferous magnetites, [34], [171], [191]
- Titanium ores, [190]-191, [398]
- Tonopah, Nevada, gold silver ores, [38], [234], [236]-237, [308]
- Topographic cycle, description of, [6]
- Topography, relation to mineral deposits, [7]-9, [314]-315
- relation to rock structures, [7]
- Tourmaline, [290], [293]
- Training in economic geology, [420]-428
- Transvaal, Africa, asbestos, [272]
- Trap-rock, [82]
- Travertine, [83]
- Treadwell Mine, Alaska, gold ores, [229]
- Trenches, military, application of geology to, [408], [410]-411
- Trinidad, asphalt, [152], [153]
- petroleum, [128]
- Tripoli, [267], [269], [398]
- Tungsten ores, [51], [182]-185, [386], [398]
- Tunis, phosphates, [104]-106
- potash, [112]
- See also North Africa.
- Tunnels, application of geology to construction, [414]-415
- Turkey, borax, [275]
- Turquoise, [290], [293]
- Tuscany, Italy, borax deposits, [275]
- Umpleby, Joseph B., [383]
- Underground waters. See Ground-waters.
- United Kingdom. See Great Britain.
- United States, abrasives, natural, [267]-270, [397], [398]
- aluminum, [242]-245, [397]
- antimony, [247]-248, [249], [398]
- arsenic, [250]-251, [397]
- asbestos, [270]-272, [398]
- asphalt and bitumen, [152], [397]
- barite, [273]-274, [397]
- bauxite, [242]-245, [397]
- bismuth, [252]-253, [397]
- borax, [275], [276], [397]
- bromine, [277], [278], [397]
- cadmium, [253]-254, [397]
- cement, [87]-88, [397]
- chalk, [83], [398]
- chromite, [179], [398]
- coal, [115]-118, [126], [127], [366]-367, [397]
- common rocks, [82]-88, [397]
- copper, [197]-208, [396]
- corundum, [267]-268, [270], [398]
- diatomaceous earth, [269], [398]
- emery, [267]-268, [270], [397]
- feldspar, [86], [397]
- ferro-alloy minerals, general, [154]-158
- fertilizers, general, [100]-101
- fluorspar, [194], [397]
- fuller's earth, [278]-279, [397]
- garnet, [268], [260], [398]
- gold, [222]-230, [397]
- graphite, [279]-283, [398]
- grinding pebbles, [268], [398]
- gypsum, [283]-284, [397]
- iron, [158]-163, [166]-171, [397]
- lead, [209]-213, [397]
- lime, [82]-83, [397]
- magnesite, [191]-193, [397]
- manganese, [174]-177, [398]
- mercury, [256]-259, [398]
- mica, [286]-287, [398]
- mineral paints, [397]
- molybdenum ores, [186]-187, [397]
- monazite, [288], [289], [398]
- natural abrasives, [267]-270, [397], [398]
- natural gas, [151]
- nickel, [181], [398]
- nitrates, [102], [398]
- oil shales, [150]-151
- petroleum, [128]-150, [396], [398]
- phosphates, [104]-107, [397]
- platinum, [238]-240, [398]
- potash, [112]-114, [398]
- precious stones, [290], [292]-293, [398]
- pumice, [268], [398]
- pyrite, [107]-109, [397]
- salt, [294]-298, [397]
- silica, [195]-196
- silver, [231]-237, [397]
- stone, [82]-88, [397]
- sulphur, [109]-111, [397]
- talc, [299], [300], [397]
- tin, [261], [262], [398]
- titanium, [190]-191, [398]
- tripoli, [269], [398]
- tungsten, [183]-185, [398]
- uranium and radium, [264]-266, [397]
- vanadium, [18], [188], [398]
- zinc, [214]-220, [398]
- zirconium, [189], [398]
- United States, control of various minerals in other countries, [64], [102], [129], [152], [163]-164, [165], [175], [180]-181, [184], [187], [189], [191], [198], [222], [232], [238], [243], [261]
- United States Bituminous Coal Commission, [376]
- United States Bureau of Mines, activities in the war, [406]
- literature or international mineral relations, [403]
- United States Geological Survey, activities in the war, [406], [407]
- United States Shipping Board, [356], [406]
- Uranium ores, [55], [263]-264, [397]
- Utah, arsenic, [250], [251]
- asphalt and bitumen, [152]
- bismuth, [253]
- copper, [37], [42], [47], [55], [199], [203], [204], [207], [208], [314]
- gold, [222], [314]
- lead, [42], [211], [212]
- manganese, [55]
- oil shales, [151]
- phosphates, [105]
- potash, [112], [114]
- silver, [42], [55], [234], [235]
- uranium and radium, [55], [264], [265]
- vanadium, [55], [187]-188
- Utah, ore deposits, relation to intrusive stocks, [44]
- Vadose zone, [70]
- Valuation of Lorraine iron ores at Peace Conference, [364]
- Valuation of mineral resources, [81], [328]-341, [396]
- Value, capital, of mineral resources, [64], [328]
- Value of United States mineral production and imports, [62]
- Value of world mineral production, [62]-63
- Vanadium ores, [55], [187]-188, [398]
- Van Hise, C. R., [367], [374]
- Van Hise, C. R., and Leith, C. K., [56], [324]
- Vein, application of legal term to diverse mineral deposits, [350]
- Venezuela, asphalt, [152], [153]
- Verde district, Arizona. See Jerome district.
- Vermilion district, Minnesota, iron ore outcrops, [312]
- Vermont, granite, [82]
- Virginia, arsenic, [250], [251]
- Virginia City, Nevada. See Comstock Lode
- Volcanic ash, use as abrasive, [270]
- Wabana, Newfoundland, iron ores, [52]-53, [160], [166]
- Wales, coal, [126]
- War, anti-conservational effects of, [365]-366
- War Industries Board, [356], [406]
- War Minerals Committee, [406]
- War Trade Board, [356], [406]
- "Wash," use in tracing mineral outcrops, [316]-317
- Washington, arsenic, [250]
- Water, applications of economic geology to, [68]
- as a mineral resource, [61], [62], [67]-79
- general geologic relations, [67]-68
- hygroscopic, defined, [68]
- of constitution, defined, [68]
- quantity absorbed by soils and rocks, [69]
- relative abundance of, [18]
- source of, [67]
- use of, litigation arising from, [357]-358
- See also Ground-waters, Surface waters, Hot waters, Meteoric waters, Magmatic waters.
- Water power, possibilities of substituting for coal, [378]-379
- Water supplies, [72]-78
- Water supply maps for military use, [411]-412
- Water table, defined, [70]
- See also Ground-water level.
- Waters, thermal, [72]
- Watson, T. L., and Ries, H., [413]
- Weathering, of igneous rocks and veins, [20]-22
- Welfare work, in interests of conservation, [372]-373
- Wells, [72]-73
- West Africa, gold, [222]
- manganese, [176]
- West Indies, cement, [87]
- West Virginia, bromine, [277]
- Whetstones, [269]
- White, David, [128], [129], [140], [143], [146]
- White Signal district, New Mexico, uranium and radium ores, [265]-266
- Wisconsin, artesian wells, [73]
- Wisconsin, equated income method of taxation, [335]-336
- taxation of iron ores, [335]
- Witwatersrand, South Africa, gold ores, [228]
- Wolfram ores. See Tungsten ores.
- Woodward, H. B., [69]
- Wyoming, chromite, [179]
- Yellow Pine district, Nevada, platinum ores, [239]-240
- Yellowstone Park, springs and geysers of, [72]
- Zinc and lead ores, Wisconsin, equated income method of taxation, [335]-336
- Zinc ores, [36]-50, [54]-55, [213]-220, [308], [313]-314, [398]
- Zinc Syndicate, German, [215]
- Zirconium ores, [189]-190, [398]
Transcriber's Note