CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
THE NATURE OF ANIMAL LIFE.

The characteristics of animals[2]
The relation of animals to food-stuffs[15]
The relation of animals to the atmosphere[15]
The relation of animals to energy[16]

CHAPTER II.
THE PROCESS OF LIFE.

Illustration from respiration[21]
Illustration from nutrition[25]
The utilization of the materials incorporated[27]
The analogy of a gas-engine. Explosive metabolism[30]

CHAPTER III.
REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT.

Reproduction in the protozoa[37]
Fission in the metazoa[41]
The regeneration of lost parts[41]
Reproduction by budding[42]
Sexual reproduction[42]
Illustration of development[51]
Parental sacrifice[56]
The law of increase[58]

CHAPTER IV.
VARIATION AND NATURAL SELECTION.

The law of persistence[61]
The occurrence of variations[63]
Application of the law of increase[76]
Natural selection[77]
Elimination and selection[79]
Modes of natural elimination illustrated[80]
Protective resemblance and mimicry[82]
Selection proper illustrated[93]
The effects of natural selection[95]
Isolation or segregation[99]
Its modes, geographical, preferential and physiological[99]
Its effects[108]
Utility of specific characters[110]
Variations in the intensity of the struggle for existence[112]
Convergence of characters[117]
Modes of adaptation: Progress[119]
Evolution and Revolution[120]

CHAPTER V.
HEREDITY AND THE ORIGIN OF VARIATIONS.

Heredity in the protozoa[123]
Regeneration of lost parts[124]
Sexual reproduction and heredity[129]
The problem of hen and egg[130]
Reproductive continuity[131]
Pangenesis[131]
Modified pangenesis[134]
Continuity of germ-plasm[138]
Cellular continuity with differentiation[142]
The inheritance or non-inheritance of acquired characters[146]
Origin of variations on the latter view[149]
Hypothesis of organic combination[150]
The extrusion of the second polar cell[153]
The protozoan origin of variations[156]
How can the body influence the germ?[159]
Is there sufficient evidence that it does?[162]
Summary and conclusion[175]

CHAPTER VI.
ORGANIC EVOLUTION.

The diversity of animal life[177]
The evolution theory[181]
Natural selection: not to be used as a magic formula[183]
Panmixia and disuse[189]
Sexual selection or preferential mating[197]
Use and disuse[209]
The nature of variations[216]
The inheritance of variations[223]
The origin of variations[231]
Summary and conclusion[241]

CHAPTER VII.
THE SENSES OF ANIMALS.

The primary object of sensation[243]
Organic sensations and the muscular sense[244]
Touch[245]
The temperature-sense[249]
Taste[250]
Smell[257]
Hearing[261]
Sense of rotation or acceleration[269]
Sight[273]
Restatement of theory of colour-vision[278]
Variation in the limits of colour-vision[281]
The four types of "visual" organs[293]
Problematical senses[294]
Permanent possibilities of sensation[298]

CHAPTER VIII.
MENTAL PROCESSES IN MAN.

The physiological aspect[302]
The psychological aspect[304]
Sensations: their localization, etc.[306]
Perceptual construction[312]
Conceptual analysis[321]
Inferences perceptual and conceptual[328]
Intelligence and reason[330]

CHAPTER IX.
MENTAL PROCESSES IN ANIMALS: THEIR POWERS OF PERCEPTION AND INTELLIGENCE.

The two factors in phenomena[331]
The basis in organic evolution[336]
Perceptual construction in mammalia[338]
Can animals analyze their constructs?[347]
The generic difference between the minds of man and brute[350]
Perceptual construction in other vertebrates[350]
"Understanding" of words[354]
Perceptual construction in the invertebrates[356]
"The psychic life of micro-organisms"[360]
The inferences of animals[361]
Intelligent not rational[365]
Use of words defined[372]
Language and analysis[374]

CHAPTER X.
THE FEELINGS OF ANIMALS: THEIR APPETENCES AND EMOTIONS.

Pleasure and pain: their organic limits[379]
Their directive value[380]
An emotion exemplified[382]
Sensitiveness and sensibility[385]
The expression of the emotions[385]
The postponement of action[385]
The three orders of emotion[390]
The capacities of animals for pleasure and pain[391]
Sense-feelings[393]
Some emotions of animals[395]
The necessity for caution in interpretation[399]
The sense of beauty[407]
Can animals be moral?[413]
Conclusion[414]

CHAPTER XI.
ANIMAL ACTIVITIES: HABIT AND INSTINCT.

The nature of animal activities[415]
The outer and inner aspect[417]
The inherited organization[419]
Habitual activities[420]
Instinctive activities[422]
Innate capacity[426]
Blind prevision[429]
Consciousness and instinct[432]
Mr. Romanes's treatment of instinct[434]
Lapsed intelligence and modern views on heredity[435]
Three factors in the origin of instinctive activities[447]
The emotional basis of instinct[449]
The influence of intelligence on instinct[452]
The characteristics of intelligent activities[456]
The place of volition[459]
Perceptual and conceptual volition[460]
Consciousness and consentience[461]
Classification of activities[462]

CHAPTER XII.
MENTAL EVOLUTION.

Is mind evolved from matter?[464]
Kinesis and metakinesis[467]
Monistic assumptions[470]
The nature of ejects[476]
The universe as eject[478]
Metakinetic environment of mind[481]
Conceptual ideas not subject to natural selection[483]
Elimination through incongruity[486]
Interneural evolution[490]
Interpretations of nature[492]
Can fetishism have had a natural genesis?[493]
The origin of interneural variations[496]
Are acquired variations inherited?[497]
Summary and conclusion[501]