Metal Spinning

by C. Tuells; William A. Painter

Preparation of the Metal

Brass, copper, and German silver should be pickled after annealing in order to get the scale or oxide from the surface. There are furnaces that anneal without scaling by excluding the air when heating, but they are not in general use. A pickling bath may be made by using one part of oil of vitriol (sulphuric acid) and five parts of water. The shells can be put in hot, or the bath can be heated by a coil of lead or copper pipe running through it. Steam in no case should enter the bath, as the iron in the feed pipe will spoil the pickle. Any basket or box that may be used to hold the shells in the pickle should not contain any iron. If a box is used it should be held together with copper nails. The pickle can be used cold, but it will take a little longer time to remove the scale. As soon as the scale is free, which will be in about half an hour, the shells should be removed or washed thoroughly in running water. The shells should be allowed to dry before the next operation, which is that of spinning. A lead-lined wooden tank or an earthen jar may be used for holding the pickle. The pickle which is used for steel should be about half as strong as that employed for brass. After the work is in this pickle, the latter should be brought to the boiling point, after which the pieces should be taken out and washed. They are then replaced in the fire for a short time to evaporate any acid that may remain after washing.

Finished brass articles may be given different shades by dipping them in a solution consisting of one part aqua fortis (nitric acid) and two parts oil of vitriol. This solution should stand seven or eight hours to cool after mixing, and be kept in a crock immersed in a water bath.

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OUTLINE OF A COURSE IN SHOP AND DRAFTING-ROOM
MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS, MACHINE DESIGN
AND SHOP PRACTICE

Any intelligent man engaged in mechanical work can acquire a well-rounded mechanical education by using as a guide in his studies the outline of the course in mechanical subjects given below. The course is laid out so as to make it possible for a man of little or no education to go ahead, beginning wherever he finds that his needs begin. The course is made up of units so that it may be followed either from beginning to end; or the reader may choose any specific subject which may be of especial importance to him.

Preliminary Course in Arithmetic

Jig Sheets 1A to 5A:—Whole Numbers: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, and Factoring.

Jig Sheets 6A to 15A:—Common Fractions and Decimal Fractions.

Shop Calculations

Reference Series No. 18. Shop Arithmetic for the Machinist.

Reference Series No. 52. Advanced Shop Arithmetic for the Machinist.

Reference Series No. 53. Use of Logarithmic Tables.

Reference Series Nos. 54 and 55. Solution of Triangles.

Data Sheet Series No. 16. Mathematical Tables. A book for general reference.

Drafting-room Practice

Reference Series No. 2. Drafting-room Practice.

Reference Series No. 8. Working Drawings and Drafting-room Kinks.

Reference Series No. 33. Systems and Practice of the Drafting-room.

General Shop Practice

Reference Series No. 10. Examples of Machine Shop Practice.

Reference Series No. 7. Lathe and Planer Tools.

Reference Series No. 25. Deep Hole Drilling.

Reference Series No. 38. Grinding and Grinding Machines.

Reference Series No. 48. Files and Filing.

Reference Series No. 32. Screw Thread Cutting.

Data Sheet Series No. 1. Screw Threads. Tables relating to all the standard systems.

Data Sheet Series No. 2. Screws, Bolts and Nuts. Tables of standards.

Data Sheet Series Nos. 10 and 11. Machine Tool Operation. Tables relating to the operation of lathes, screw machines, milling machines, etc.

Reference Series Nos. 50 and 51. Principles and Practice of Assembling Machine Tools.

Reference Series No. 57. Metal Spinning.

Jigs and Fixtures

Reference Series Nos. 41, 42 and 43. Jigs and Fixtures.

Reference Series No. 3. Drill Jigs.

Reference Series No. 4. Milling Fixtures.

Punch and Die Work

Reference Series No. 6. Punch and Die Work.

Reference Series No. 13. Blanking Dies.

Reference Series No. 26. Modern Punch and Die Construction.

Tool Making

Reference Series No. 64. Gage Making and Lapping.

Reference Series No. 21. [Measuring Tools].

Reference Series No. 31. Screw Thread Tools and Gages.

Data Sheet Series No. 3. Taps and Threading Dies.

Data Sheet Series No. 4. Reamers, Sockets, Drills, and Milling Cutters.

Hardening and Tempering

Reference Series No. 46. Hardening and Tempering.

Reference Series No. 63. Heat Treatment of Steel.

Blacksmith Shop Practice and Drop Forging

Reference Series No. 44. Machine Blacksmithing.

Reference Series No. 61. Blacksmith Shop Practice.

Reference Series No. 45. Drop Forging.

Automobile Construction

Reference Series No. 59. Machines, Tools and Methods of Automobile Manufacture.

Reference Series No. 60. Construction and Manufacture of Automobiles.

Theoretical Mechanics

Reference Series No. 5. First Principles of Theoretical Mechanics.

Reference Series No. 19. Use of Formulas in Mechanics.

Gearing

Reference Series No. 15. Spur Gearing.

Reference Series No. 37. Bevel Gearing.

Reference Series No. 1. Worm Gearing.

Reference Series No. 20. Spiral Gearing.

Data Sheet Series No. 5. Spur Gearing. General reference book containing tables and formulas.

Data Sheet Series No. 6. Bevel, Spiral and Worm Gearing. General reference book containing tables and formulas.

General Machine Design

Reference Series No. 9. Designing and Cutting Cams.

Reference Series No. 11. Bearings.

Reference Series No. 56. Ball Bearings.

Reference Series No. 58. Helical and Elliptic Springs.

Reference Series No. 17. Strength of Cylinders.

Reference Series No. 22. Calculations of Elements of Machine Design.

Reference Series No. 24. Examples of Calculating Designs.

Reference Series No. 40. Flywheels.

Data Sheet Series No. 7. Shafting, Keys and Keyways.

Data Sheet Series No. 8. Bearings, Couplings, Clutches, Crane Chain and Hooks.

Data Sheet Series No. 9. Springs, Slides and Machine Details.

Data Sheet Series No. 19. Belt, Rope and Chain Drives.

Machine Tool Design

Reference Series No. 14. Details of Machine Tool Design.

Reference Series No. 16. Machine Tool Drives.

Crane Design

Reference Series No. 23. Theory of Crane Design.

Reference Series No. 47. Design of Electric Overhead Cranes.

Reference Series No. 49. Girders for Electric Overhead Cranes.

Steam and Gas Engine Design

Reference Series Nos. 67 to 72, inclusive. Steam Boilers, [Engines], Turbines and Accessories.

Data Sheet Series No. 15. Heat, Steam, Steam and Gas Engines.

Data Sheet Series No. 13. Boilers and Chimneys.

Reference Series No. 65. Formulas and Constants for Gas Engine Design.

Special Course in Locomotive Design

Reference Series No. 27. Boilers, Cylinders, Throttle Valve, Piston and Piston Rod.

Reference Series No. 28. Theory and Design of Stephenson and Walschaert’s Valve Motion.

Reference Series No. 29. Smokebox, Frames and Driving Machinery.

Reference Series No. 30. Springs, Trucks, Cab and Tender.

Data Sheet Series No. 14. Locomotive and Railway Data.

Dynamos and Motors

Reference Series No. 34. Care and Repair of Dynamos and Motors.

Data Sheet Series No. 20. Wiring Diagrams, Heating and Ventilation, and Miscellaneous Tables.

Reference Series Nos. 73 to 78, inclusive. Principles and Applications of Electricity.

Heating and Ventilation

Reference Series No. 39. Fans, Ventilation and Heating.

Reference Series No. 66. Heating and Ventilating Shops and Offices.

Data Sheet Series No. 20. Wiring Diagrams, Heating and Ventilation, and Miscellaneous Tables.

Iron and Steel

Reference Series No. 36. Iron and Steel.

Reference Series No. 62. Testing the Hardness and Durability of Metals.

General Reference Books

Reference Series No. 35. Tables and Formulas for Shop and Drafting-room.

Data Sheet Series No. 12. Pipe and Pipe Fittings.

Data Sheet Series No. 17. Mechanics and Strength of Materials.

Data Sheet Series No. 18. Beam Formulas and Structural Design.

Data Sheet Series No. 20. Wiring Diagrams, Heating and Ventilation and Miscellaneous Tables.