INDEX.

A
Adams, Charles Francis, Minister to England, [3]
Adams, Henry, opinion concerning Virginia’s estimation of validity of United States laws, [100];
controverted, [113-115]
Adams, John, influence of Alien and Sedition laws on re-election, [112]
Alien and Sedition laws of 1798, [88];
Jefferson’s opposition to, [88];
influence in defeating federal party, [112]
Amendments to Constitution, how made, [40];
first ten articles, [78], [79]
B
British opinion of right of secession, [2-3]
Bryce, James, on right of Southern States, [3];
theory of his book, [3], [note]
C
Calhoun, John C., United States a confederacy, not a nation, [24];
his youthful prominence in Congress, [34];
his early opinions of the Constitution, [134], [135];
change of opinion, [137], [138];
personal appearance, [138], [139];
his reasoning on right of nullification, [140];
his argument considered, [140], [141]
Chase, Salmon P., decision on secession, [34], [35]
Clay, Henry, tariff compromise, [23]
Clinton, George, his opinion as stated by Mr. Lodge, [5];
his written declaration that the United States Government is perpetual, [77], [78]
Compact, may be for national, indissoluble government, [28], [29];
a voluntary union of independent nations must be by compact, [28];
Southern views of, [30]
Confederacy of the Southern States, constitution and compact as to slavery, [158]
Confederacy of the United States, its failure, [31], [32];
dependent upon the States, [48]
Constitution of United States, adoption by Continental Congress, States, and people, [32];
perpetuity declared in preamble, [33], [34];
supremacy, [35], [36], [49];
oath of every State officer and judge to support, [36];
supremacy in all sovereign powers, [37], [38];
prohibitions to States, [38], [39], [47];
power to coerce States in articles punishing treason, [41], [42], [43];
can take all powers from States by amendments, [45], [46];
made States suable, [44];
powers given by Constitution to States, [46];
naturalization, [47];
takes from States powers of resistance, [47], [48];
its excellence proved by few amendments, [159], [160];
its adoption opposed on account of its nationality and of excessive powers given, [69-73];
no claim of right of secession or nullification suggested in the conventions adopting the Constitution, [73]
Convention that made the Constitution, its members and mode of voting, [51-53];
proposition of the delegation of Virginia for a National Government debated and passed, [51-53];
New Jersey plan amending confederacy, [54], [56];
resolves for a National Government again taken up and passed, [56-62];
representation in Senate, [58-60];
a compromise of representation not a compromise of powers granted, [60], [61];
resolutions calling the proposed government national referred to Committee to Report a Constitution, [61], [62];
report of committee and articles again considered separately, [62-64];
change in preamble by Committee of Style and Arrangement, [64];
opinions of members, [65], [66];
its nationality and great powers, [70-72]
Cooper, Thomas, pronounced in 1833, in South Carolina, author of nullification, [141], [142]
D
Davis, Jefferson, indicted for treason and not tried, [157];
asserted advantage of Southern soldiers, [157]
E
Embargo, [129], [130]
F
Federal, the party, meaning of the term, [37]
Franklin, Benjamin, services as member of the convention, [68]
G
Georgia, suit of Chisholm against, [82-84];
claim of sovereignty, [83];
decision of Supreme Court, [83], [84];
controversy as to Cherokee Indians, [151];
vigorous resolutions in 1833 against South Carolina’s nullification doctrines, [147]
Gerry, Elbridge, objection to conferring power of amending Constitution as fatal to the States, [45], [46];
refused to sign the Constitution, [68]
H
Hamilton, Alexander, proposed plan for a strong government not favored in the convention, [54], [55];
his speech as to democracy, [55];
promised support of Constitution, [68];
correspondence with Madison, [72];
successful support of the adoption of the Constitution by New York, [72];
states in the Federalist the supremacy of the judicial power of the United States, [129]
Hartford convention, called by Massachusetts, discontent of the State, [131];
resolutions passed did not assert State sovereignty, but proposed amendments to Constitution, [131], [132]
Hayne, Robert Y., denunciation of the Eastern States, [8];
his doctrine, [9];
approval of, by citizens of Charleston, [138]
Henry, Patrick, Lodge’s assertion as to his opinion, [5];
strenuous objection to adoption of the Constitution as national, [70], [71];
opposition to the Virginia resolutions, [113];
his declaration that Virginia was to the United States as a county to Virginia, [113], [114]
I
Iredell, James, dissenting opinion in Chisholm against Georgia was not by reason of sovereignty of Georgia, [83]
Ireland, bill of 1886 for home rule, [40]
J
Jackson, Andrew, his proclamation against nullification, [21], [22];
his popularity and arbitrary exercise of power, [23];
his character and early life, [143];
experience in politics and law, [144];
proclamation of his own work, [142], [143], [145];
threat to hang Calhoun, [22];
collected duties after South Carolina declared they should not be levied, [145], [note], [146]
Jay, John, wrote, “the convention and people agreed a National Government was necessary,” [71], [72];
his opinion in Chisholm vs. Georgia as to sovereignty of United States, [80], [81]
Jefferson, Thomas, reputed author of Kentucky resolutions, [88];
approval of coercing States, [93];
became president immediately after passage of Kentucky resolutions, [116];
his inaugural address national, [116-118];
approved of bills in favor of a national road, [118];
approval of the use of the army and navy against Pennsylvania in the Gideon Olmstead case, [118-121];
approval of annexation of Louisiana, [123];
opinion as to nullification and secession, [125];
opposition to Alien and Sedition laws, [126], [127];
national views, the embargo, [129], [130];
prescribed Federalist as text-book in University of Virginia, [128], [129]
[Judiciary of the United States], made supreme by the Constitution, [37];
power to decide on laws of Congress, [49], [50];
supremacy of the Government uniformly sustained by it, [148-151]
K
Kentucky resolutions, [90];
not much noticed as coming from a new State, [89];
merely the opinion of the legislature that passed them, [89];
their doctrine considered, [90-93];
they deny that the United States Government could punish any crime except when the power is specifically given, [93], [94];
they protest against laws of Congress, do not treat them as invalid, [94], [95];
not sanctioned by other State legislatures, their purport escaped notice, [101];
State let them drop, [101], [102];
no assertion of their doctrine until 1830, [133]
L
Lansing, John, with Yates a delegate from New York, left the convention July 3d when a National Government was agreed on, [66];
his motion for conditional acceptance of the Constitution rejected by New York convention, [72], [73]
Lee, Robert E., opinion that secession was revolution, that the United States Government was national and perpetual, [4], [156]
Lieber, Francis, on Webster’s oratory, [13]
Lincoln, Abraham, acts in Merriam’s case, declaration of freedom to slaves, [46], [159]
Livingston, Edward, Jackson’s proclamation, [142], [143]
Lodge, Henry Cabot, on secession and Webster’s argument, [5], [6];
on Josiah Quincy and Hartford convention, [132]
M
Madison, James, protective duties, [26];
as to compact, [29];
suggestions as to convention to form government, [51];
letter to Hamilton on adoption of Constitution, [72];
wrongly accused of support of nullification, [96];
author of Virginia resolutions of 1798 and explanation of 1799, [102];
a strict constructionist, [82];
signed re-charter of the United States Bank, [133];
see [Virginia resolutions]
Marshall, John, Chief-Justice, declaration concerning supremacy of United States, [142];
that State courts had invariably yielded, [150]
Martin, Luther, definition of extent of judicial power of United States, [20];
objection to punishing treason, [43]
Mason, George, insisted on National Government, [57];
refused to sign Constitution, reasons, [69]
Massachusetts, acceptance of Constitution and use of word compact, [75];
submission to embargo, [30]
Military academies in Southern States, [158]
Missouri Compromise, [135], [136]
Morley, John, on British opinion, [2], [3]
Morris, Gouverneur, report of draft of Constitution, [64];
on the importance of the Mississippi, [123]
N
New England, discontent with embargo and submission, [130]
New York, consideration of the acceptance of the Constitution, [72], [73];
unanimous assertion of its convention that the adoption was for perpetuity, [77], [78]
Nullification, claim that validity of laws of general government are at the caprice of each State, [25], [26];
no suggestion of such right in conventions, [75];
no claim of such right save in Kentucky resolutions until 1830, [133];
so stated by Jackson, Marshall, and the nullifiers of South Carolina, [141], [142]
P
Pennsylvania, resistance to excise law, [84], [85];
resistance to United States in Gideon Olmstead case, [118-122];
proposition to Virginia for amendment of Constitution as to questions between States and United States, [122], [123]
Pinckney, Charles C., declaration in convention of South Carolina that the States never had sovereignty, [74];
satisfaction with Constitution, [67]
Pinckney, Charles, declaration as to nationality of the Constitution, [74]
Q
Quincy, Josiah, his declaration a threat of rebellion, not a claim of right of secession, [124], [125];
non-concurrence of Massachusetts, [124], [130], [131];
not made delegate to Hartford convention, [132]
R
Randolph, Edmund, introduced national resolutions in convention, [51];
did not sign Constitution, [69];
supported it in Virginia convention, [71]
Resolutions of State legislatures are mere opinions, [89];
even when declaring laws of United States null and void, [148]
S
Secession, general belief in right of, by Southern and English writers, [1-4];
belief of some Northern writers, [5], [6];
impracticability of claim, [25];
declaration of perpetuity in preamble of Constitution, [33], [34];
historically no claim of such right until 1830, [142]
Senate, equality of States in, merely a compromise of representation, [60], [61]
Slavery abolished by power given in Constitution, [46], [158]
South Carolina, declaration concerning tariff, warlike preparations, [138];
original adoption of the Constitution, [73], [74];
nationality asserted in convention, [74];
only State asserting right of nullification in 1833, [146];
resolutions of other Southern States opposing her opinions, [146-148];
collection of duties after State ordinance, [145], [146], and [note];
submission to judgment overruling taxation of United States Bank, [150];
first State to secede, [155];
statue of Calhoun and monument at Spartanburg, [161], [162]
Southern States, satisfaction with Constitution at first, [67];
opposition to secession in 1833, [146];
resolves of legislatures, [146-148];
change of views, [154];
control of the government before the Civil War, [153];
laws of United States and decision of Supreme Court establishing right to introduce slaves into territories, [154];
preparations for secession, [155];
confidence of success, [157]
State governments, powers derived from Constitutions, [27];
subordinate and local, [39], [40];
limited under the Constitution of United States, [46];
original sovereignty questioned, [79-81];
admitted by Webster, [80];
denied in convention of South Carolina, [74];
resolutions of legislatures mere opinions, [148]
Stephens, Alexander H., on secession, [1], [2]
Story, Joseph, Judge of Supreme Court, doctrine of supremacy of United States, tenacity in his belief, [152], [153]
Supreme Court of United States, its powers principally those of restraint, [152];
see [Judiciary of the United States]
T
Taney, Roger B., Chief-Justice, maintained authority of United States, [151] and [note]
Tariffs, for revenue and protection, second act, first Congress, [26];
no question of power then, [81], [82]
Taylor, John, views concerning the government, [114], [115]
Treason, crime according to the Constitution, [41];
right of government to punish, implies its citizens owe allegiance, [41];
a confederacy does not punish it, [41];
the old confederacy, [41];
consideration of the clauses of punishment of, [41], [42]
U
United States Government, limited to powers granted by the Constitution, [27];
was a nation or a confederacy made? [28], [29];
the compact was for a nation, [30];
perpetuity declared in preamble, [34];
its supremacy expressly declared and nature of powers granted, [35], [36];
great powers over States, [38], [44];
can be extended by amendment, [45], [46];
see [Judiciary of the United States]
V
Virginia, acceptance of Constitution, [76];
its powers derived from the people of the United States, [76];
approval by legislature of the supremacy of the United States judiciary, [122], [123];
did not secede, reasons for joining the South, [156]
[Virginia resolutions], statement of, [98], [99];
did not declare a State could interpose, [99];
a denunciation of assumption of undelegated powers by United States, [99];
opposed by other States, [100], [101];
explanation of their meaning, [102-111];
State means people of the State, [103], [104];
of rights of States in case of usurpations, [105];
right to redress usurpations, [105], [106];
admission of authority of judiciary, [106];
allegation that assumption of undelegated powers would end in monarchy, [108];
attack on Alien and Sedition laws, [109], [111], [112];
assertion that resolutions are mere opinions, [109], [110];
patriotism of the State, [111];
remedial methods suggested, [112]
W
Walker, Robert J., as to Jefferson’s views of nullification, [125];
successful canvass of Mississippi, [147]
Washington, George, services in convention, [67], [68];
suppression of insurrection by military force, [84];
letter on disbanding the army, [86];
letter submitting Constitution to each State as to consolidation of Union, [86];
farewell address, on unity of government, [86];
action on the Virginia resolutions, [113]
Webster, Daniel, personal appearance, [1];
reply to Hayne’s attack on the East, [11], [12];
the coalition and Banquo’s ghost, [10], [11];
eulogium of South Carolina, [13];
declaration that the government was made by the people, for the people, [16];
supremacy and nationality of government, [16-21]
Wilson, James, services in the general and State conventions, [70]
Wolseley, Lord, as to Lee and secession, [4]