Musical Instruments [1908]

by Carl Engel

INDEX

• Abyssinian instruments, [20].
• Acocotl, [67].
• Adair, quoted, [81].
• Adufe, [25].
• Æolian harp, [4].
• African instruments in America, [82].
• Ajacaxtli, [72].
• Al-Farabi, lutist, [55-57].
• American Indian instruments, [58] seq.
• American Indians, metrical psalms of, [81].
• American Indians, musical performances of, [75].
• American Indians, North, musical talent of, [81].
• Anglo-Saxon instruments, [84], [86], [90], [94].
• Arab instruments, [3], [36], [48], [53] seq., [108].
• Arabs in Spain, [36], [56].
• Archlute, [101], [105].
• Ashantee, trumpet from, [2].
• Ash-shakandi, [55].
• Asor, [20].
• Assyrian instruments, [16] seq.
• Aulos, [31].
• Aztecs, instruments of the, [58], [59].

• Bach, [115].
• Bacon, quoted, [125].
• Bagpipe, Celtic, [130].
• ”   Greek, [130].
• ”   Hebrew, [23].
• ”   Irish, [130].
• ”   mediæval, [102].
• ”   Persian, [53].
• ”   Polish, [130].
• ”   Roman, [35].
• Bainbridge, inventor, [126].
• Banduria, [110].
• Bansi, [47].
• Barbitos, [27], [30], [33].
• Baryton, [116].
• Bassoon, [127], [128].
• Bass-viol, [114], [119].
• Basszinken, [128].
• Bells, Assyrian, [18].
• ”   Buddhist, [80].
• ”   Chinese, [39], [40].
• ”   Egyptian, [14], [15].
• ”   English, [131].
• ”   Etruscan, [132].
• ”   Hebrew, [25].
• ”   Japanese, [46].
• ”   Mexican, [73].
• ”   Peruvian, [73], [80].
• ”   Roman, [36], [132].
• ”   hanging of, [131].
• ”   ringing of, [131], [132].
• Bene, [11].
• Beni Hassan, painting at, [21].
• Bernhard, inventor of the pedal, [96].
• Beverley Minster, sculpture at, [97].
• Bîn, [49].
• Bird Organ, [129].
• Biwa, [44].
• Blasius, St., manuscript at, [89], [90].
• Bombardino, [127].
• Bombardo, [127].
• Bombulom, [97].
• Bone instruments, [58].
• Boscherville, St. Georges de, sculpture from, [99].
• Botuto, [68].
• Bow, [50], [55], [88], [90], [113], [119].
• Bridges, movable, [44].
• Bruce, his discovery of harps on frescoes, [11].
• Buccina, [35].
• Bûche, [118], [119].
• Budbudika, [47].
• Buddhism, [39], [43], [52].
• Buddhist Temples, bas-reliefs on, [43], [44].
• Bunibulum, [97].
• Bunting, quoted, [88].
• Burmese instruments, [2], [3], [42].
• Burney, Dr., quoted, [128].

• Cachua, Peruvian dance, [79].
• Calamus, [34].
• Cambodia, temples in, [43].
• Capistrum, [34].
• Carians, pipes of the, [28].
• Carillon, [131], [133].
• Caroados, trumpet of the, [67].
• Castanets, Egyptian, [14].
• ”   Greek, [32].
• ”   Roman, [36].
• Cembalo, [122].
• Ceylon, instruments of, [51].
• Chalil, [23].
• Chalumeau, [127].
• Chang, [53].
• Chanrares, [73].
• Chatzozerah, [24].
• Chayna, [62], [79].
• Chelys, [28], [29], [33], [47].
• Chên, [40].
• Cheng, [6].
• Chhilchiles, [72].
• Ch’ih, [42].
• Chimes, [133].
• Ch’in, [43], [44].
• Chinese “Board of Music,” [78].
• ”   instruments, [2], [3], [4], [6], [37] seq., [43].
• Ch’ing, [37], [38], [39].
• Chin-ku, [41].
• Chiriqui Indians, pipe of, [60], [79].
• Chiterna, [109].
• Chitarrone, [106].
• Ch’iu (wood), [41].
• Ch’un-tu, [40].
• Chorus, or choron, [93].
• Chu, [41].
• Chung, [39].
• Cionar cruit, [89].
• Cithara, [33], [84], [85], [94].
• ”   Anglica, [89].
• ”   Teutonica, [89].
• Cither, [109], [119].
• Cithern, or cittern, [102], [109].
• Citole, [86].
• Cittern, [102], [109].
• Clarin, [67].
• Clarinet, [127].
• Clarion, mediæval, [102].
• Clarseth, [110-112].
• Clavecin, [124].
• Clavicembalo, [6], [122], [124].
• Clavichords, [121].
• ”   makers of, [122].
• ”   prices of, [122].
• Clavicordo, [124].
• Claviorganum, [124].
• Conch trumpets, Hindu, [47].
• ”   ”   Mexican, [80].
• Confucius, [37], [39], [40], [43].
• Congo, instrument of the, [2].
• Constantinople, obelisk at, [95].
• Cor anglais, [127].
• Corno inglese, [127].
• Cornu, Etruscan, [32].
• ”   Roman, [33], [35].
• Corthol, [128].
• Courtaut, [128].
• “Chronicon picturatum Brunswicense,” quoted, [91].
• Crotala, [36].
• Crowd, see Crwth.
• Crusaders, [36].
• Crusmata, [36].
• Crwth, [89], [90], [113].
• Cuddos nut, instrument made of, [52].
• ”Curtail,” A, [128].
• Cymbals, Assyrian, [18].
• ”   Egyptian, [14], [15].
• ”   Greek, [32].
• ”   Hebrew, [25].
• ”   mediæval, [103].
• ”   Roman, [36].
• Cymbalum, [36], [97].
• Cythera (cithara), [109].

• Dalyell, Sir J. G., quoted, [116].
• Damaras, [6].
• Damaru, [47].
• Darabuka, [14], [24].
• Darius, [19].
• David, King, [19].
• Day, Major C. R., [49], [52].
• Diaulos, [31].
• Diff, [25].
• Doff, [25].
• Dōhachi, [45].
• Dolciano, [128].
• Dora, [45].
• Dordogne, [9].
• Double-bass, [117].
• ”   flageolet, [126].
• ”   pipe, in Anglo-Saxon MS., [84].
• Double-pipe, Egyptian, [13].
• ”   ”   Greek, [31].
• ”   ”   Phœnician, [36].
• ”   ”   Roman [34], [35].
• Dragonetti, Signor, [117], [118].
• Drums, American Indian, [82].
• ”   Assyrian, [17], [18].
• ”   Chinese, [41].
• ”   Egyptian, [14].
• ”   Fiji, [80].
• ”   Greek, [32].
• ”   Hebrew, [24].
• ”   Hindu, [47].
• ”   Japanese, [45].
• ”   mediæval, [56], [97].
• ”   Mexican, [70].
• ”   New Guinea, [2].
• ”   Persian, [53].
• ”   Peruvian, [72].
• ”   of Tonga, [80].
• ”   of Torres Strait Islands, [80].
• Dublin Museum, harps in, [111].
• Dulcimer, [6].
• ”   Anglo-Saxon, [86].
• ”   Assyrian, [17].
• ”   Greek, [30].
• ”   Hebrew, [19].
• ”   Persian, [54], [55].

• Egyptian instruments, [8], [10] seq., [27], [98].
• Elizabeth, Queen, [119], [120].
• El-ood, [54], [56].
• English instruments, [104].
• Etruscan  ”  , [32] seq.
• Europe, introduction of instruments in, [36].
• European instruments, [83] seq.
• Evelyn, quoted, [106], [116].
• Exeter Cathedral, minstrel gallery in, [102].

• Fagott, [127].
• Fagotto piccolo, [128].
• Fang-hsiang, [40].
• Fiddle, Anglo-Saxon, [90].
• ”   Bengalese, [50].
• ”   Chinese, [51].
• ”   German, [90].
• ”   Hindu and Indian, [50], [88].
• ”   Moorish, [90].
• Fidis or Fides, [33].
• Fidla, [113].
• Finnish instrument, [47], [88].
• Fistula, [35].
• Fithele (fiddle), [114].
• Flageolet, English, [125], [126].
• ”   Japanese, [45].
• Flauto dolce, [125].
• Flutes, American Indian, [82].
• ”   Arab, [55].
• ”   Aztec, [60].
• ”   Chinese, [42].
• ”   Egyptian, [12].
• Flutes, Etruscan, [32].
• ”   German, [126].
• ”   Greek, [31].
• ”   of Guiana Indians, [62].
• ”   Hebrew, [23], [26].
• ”   Hindu, [47].
• ”   Japanese, [45].
• ”   Mexican, [58] seq.
• ”   Peruvian, [58] seq.
• ”   Phrygian, [28].
• ”   Roman, [34].
• Flûte à bec, [125].
• ”   d’Angleterre, [125], [126].
• ”   traversière, [126].
• Forkel, quoted, [23].
• Fortunatus, quoted, [89], [90].
• Franz, Karl, [115].
• Free reed, [5].
• French instruments, [112], [125], [126], [128], [129].
• Frestele, Fretel or Fretiau, [94].
• Fuye, [45].

• Gage, John, quoted, [128].
• Gaspard di Salo, [118].
• Gerbert, Abbot, mentioned, [84], [89], [90].
• Gittern, [56], [102], [108].
• Gittith, [25], [26].
• Gizeh, [13].
• Gongs, Chinese, [45].
• ”   Egyptian, [14].
• ”   Japanese, [45].
• ”   Mexican, [80].
• ”   Tezcucan, [73].
• Greek instruments, [27] seq.
• Guatemala, instrument of, [82].
• Guitar, instruction books for, [108], [109].
• Guitar, Japanese, [44].
• ”   mediæval, [102].
• ”   post-mediæval, [108], [109].
• ”   Spanish, [110].
• Gut-komm, [43].
• Gythorn, [108].

• Handel’s harpsichord, [135].
• Harmonica, [97].
• Harmonicon, Chinese, [2], [37], [40].
• Harmonicon, The, quoted, [126].
• Harps, Anglo-Saxon, [87].
• ”   Arabian, [53].
• ”   Assyrian, [16], [28].
• ”   Burmese, [16].
• ”   Celtic, [87].
• ”   Egyptian, [11].
• ”   Finnish, [88].
• ”   French, [112].
• ”   German, [87].
• ”   Greek, [28], [29].
• ”   Hebrew, [19].
• ”   Hindu, [50].
• ”   Irish, [88], [110-112].
• ”   mediæval, [89], [100-102].
• ”   Persian, [53].
• ”   Scandinavian, [87].
• Harp-guitar, [110].
• ”   lute, [110].
• Harpsichord, [116], [121], [123].
• ”   Handel’s, authenticity of, [135] seq.
• Harpsichord-makers, [123], [136].
• Harp-theorbo, [110].
• Harpu, [88].
• Harp-ventura, [110].
• Hautboy, [126].
• Haydn, [116].
• Hebrew instruments, [19] seq.
• Hentzner, Paul, quoted, [131].
• Hichiriki, [45].
• Hindu instruments, [3], [46], [52], [88], [89], [93].
• Hindus, musical scale of, [50].
• Holmos or mouth-piece, [35].
• Horn, English, [127].
• ”   Greek, [32].
• ”   Hebrew, [24].
• Hsiao, [42].
• Hsüan, [42].
• Hsüan-chung, [39].
• Huanca, [72].
• Huayllaca, [62].
• Huayra-puhura, [63], [79].
• Huehuetl, [71], [80].
• Hydraulis, [32].

• Icelandic instrument, [114].
• Ikuta-goto, [44], [45].
• Instrument makers, [106], [111], [114-116], [118], [122-126], [128], [129], [136], [137].
• Instruments, decoration of, [2], [8], [11], [16], [39], [41], [42], [109], [112], [113], [115], [116], [123], [136].
• Intervals, diatonic, [112].
• ”   in American Indian instruments, [79].
• Intervals in Chinese instruments, [39].
• Intervals in Persian instruments, [53].
• Irish bards, meetings of, [111].
• ”   instruments, [89].
• Isis, worship of, [36].
• Italian instruments, [106-109], [113], [120], [123], [130].

• Japanese instruments, [3], [4], [44] seq.
• Jars, musical, [69].
• Javanese instruments, [2], [3].
• Jerusalem, Temple of, [19], [23].
• Jew’s harp, [102].
• Jinagovi, [52].
• Jobel, [25].
• Jones, Edward, quoted, [90].
• Junk, [53].
• Juruparis, [66].

• Kach’-hapi, [47].
• Kalmuks, trumpet of the, [80].
• Kane, [46].
• Kantele, [47], [88].
• Kei, [45].
• Kemángeh, [55].
• Ken, [42].
• Keras, [32].
• Keren, [24].
• Keyboards, instruments with, [120-125].
• Khorsabad, [16].
• Kinnor, [20].
• Kiōto, bell at, [46].
• Kithara, Asiatic, [27].
• ”   Greek, [28], [29].
• K’iu (wood), [41].
• Ko-kiū, [44].
• Kosà, [130].
• Koto, [44].
• Kouyunjik, [16].
• Kratzenstein, [6].
• Krotala, [32].
• Ku, [41].
• Kuan-tzŭ, [42].
• K’uei, musician, [37].
• Kuitra, [56], [108].
• Kymbala, [32].

• Langspiel, [114].
• Laos, instruments of, [4], [42].
• Launedda, [36].
• Lay, T., quoted, [43].
• Lei-ku, [41].
• Leighton, Sir W., quoted, [130].
• Lidl, Anton, [115].
• Lionedda, [36].
• Lira di braccio, [101].
• Lituus, [35].
• Lombrive, [10].
• Lute, [104], [105], [116].
• ”   Arab, [54].
• ”   Hindu, [89].
• ”   Japanese, [44].
• ”   mediæval, [102].
• ”   Moorish, [56].
• ”   Tibetan, [43].
• Lute-makers, principal, [106], [116].
• Lutists, Arabian, [54], [55], [56].
• Lydians, Kithara of, [28].
• Lyra, German, [90].
• ”   Greek, [28].
• ”   Roman, [33].
• Lyre, [84].
• ”   Assyrian, [18].
• ”   Greek, [27] seq.
• ”   Hebrew, [20].
• ”   Roman, [33].

• Mace, Thomas, quoted, [104], [105], [119].
• Machalath, [22], [25], [26].
• Machol, [26].
• Magadis, [27], [30], [52].
• Magoudi, [52].
• Magrepha, [23], [24].
• Mam, [13].
• Mandoline, [107], [108].
• Mandora, [108].
• Mandorina, [108].
• Marimba, [82].
• Martin, instrument-maker, [118].
• Mattheson, quoted, [105].
• Melozzo da Forlì, painting by, [97].
• Melrose Abbey, sculpture at, [97].
• Melville, Sir James, quoted, [120].
• Menaaneim, [25].
• Metzilloth, [25].
• Metzilthaim, [25].
• Mexican instruments, [59], [80] seq.
• Miao-tsze, [43].
• Middle Ages, instruments of the, [83].
• Minnim, [22], [23].
• Miriam, [25].
• Mishrokitha, [23].
• Monaulos, [31].
• Monochord, [31], [92].
• Moorish instruments, [56], [108].
• Mosul, bas-relief from, [16].
• Mozart, [107].
• Munich Museum, vase in, [28].
• Music, ancient books on, [48], [84].
• ”   supposed origin of, [47].

• Nabla, [30].
• Nablas, [27].
• Nablia, [34].
• Nablum, [86], [100].
• Naker, [56].
• Naḳḳárah, [56].
• Nakrys, [56].
• Nara, bell near, [46].
• Nebuchadnezzar, [18].
• Nechiloth, [25], [26].
• Nefer, [12].
• Nekeb, [23].
• Nevel, [19], [22], [30].
• New Guinea, instruments of, [2].
• New Zealand, instruments of, [2].
• “Nibelungenlied,” The, [90].
• Nimroud, [16], [18].
• Nineveh, [16].
• Nootka Sound, instrument of, [2].
• Norwegian instruments, [113].
• Nuy, [55].

• Oboe da caccia, [127].
• ”   d’amore, [127].
• ”   Hindu, [79].
• ”   lungo, [127].
• ”   Persian, [55].
• ”   piccolo, [127].
• Ocarina, Chinese, [42].
• Octave, Arabian, [54].
• ”   Chinese, [39].
• Octavina (Ottavino), [120].
• Oliphant, [94].
• Organ, Burmese, [42].
• ”   Chinese, [42].
• ”   English, [129].
• ”   French, [129].
• ”   Gamba stop in, [115].
• ”   German, [129].
• ”   Hebrew, [24].
• ”   hydraulic, [32].
• ”   pneumatic, [94].
• ”   portative, [129], [130].
• ”   positive, [129].
• ”   Siamese, [42].
• Organ-builders, German, [129].
• Organ-harpsichord, [124].
• Organistrum, [92], [99], [101].
• Orchestras, mediæval, [99].
• Orpheus, Chinese, [37].
• Ottavino, or Octavina, [120].
• Ovalle, Alonso de, quoted, [62].

• P’ai-hsiao, [42].
• Palenque, instruments from, [62].
• Pandean pipes, [23], [31], [35], [42], [53], [80].
• Pandoura, [30].
• Pandurina, [108].
• Pasquali, Signor, [117].
• Passerini, Signor, [117].
• Pedal, invention of, [96].
• ”   in harpsichord, [124].
• Pektis, [30].
• Pepys, quoted, [120], [126].
• Persian instruments, [3], [48], [52] seq.
• Peruvian instruments, [58], [59].
• Peruvians, songs of the, [80], [81].
• Phaamon, [25].
• Phœnicians, [36].
• Phorbeia, [34].
• Phorminx, [28], [29].
• Pianoforte, [123], [125], [134].
• Piao, [39].
• Pien-ch’ing, [38], [39].
• Pien-chung, [39].
• Piffero pastorale, [127].
• Pincullu, [62].
• P’i-p’a, [43], [44].
• Pipe of the Aztecs, [60].
• ”   Berecynthian, [27].
• ”   Carian, [28].
• ”   of Chiriqui Indians, [60], [79].
• ”   Egyptian, [12].
• ”   Greek, [31].
• ”   Hebrew, [23].
• ”   Japanese, [45].
• ”   Mexican, [58] seq.
• ”   Peruvian, [58] seq.
• ”   Phrygian, [27].
• Pitch of Chinese instruments, [39].
• ”   the oboe, [127].
• ”   the ottavino, [120].
• ”   whistle sounds, [59].
• Pito, [60].
• Plectrum, [30], [40], [44], [45], [109], [110].
• Plektron, see Plectrum.
• Po-fu, [41].
• Poitiers, [10].
• Post-mediæval instruments, [104] seq.
• Pottery, instruments of, [58] seq.
• Prætorius, quoted, [111].
• Pre-historic relics, [9].
• Psalms, musical directions in, [26].
• Psalterion, [20].
• Psalterium, [33], [85], [86].
• Psaltery, [102], [116], [117].
• Psanterin, [20].
• Pungi, [52], [93].

• Quanūn, [54], [55].
• Quartfagott, [128].
• Quills for twanging strings, [107], [109], [119].
• Quills in virginal, [120].
• Quinterna, [109].
• Quintfagott, [128].
• Quyvi, [62].

• Rabôb, [55], [56].
• Ranking, J., quoted, [75].
• Rattles, [80].
• ”   American Indian, [72], [82].
• ”   Indian, [2].
• Ravanastra, [50].
• Rebec, [56], [102], [113].
• Rébek, [90].
• Recorder, [125].
• Regal, or regals, [96], [102], [129].
• Rigabello, [130].
• Rin, [46].
• Roman instruments, [32] seq.
• Rote, [88].
• Rotta, [88], [89].

• Sârangi, [50].
• Sackbut, [94], [102].
• Sainprae, Jaques, [115].
• Salpinx, [32].
• Salterio, [102].
• Sambuca, [34], [94].
• Sambyke, [27], [30].
• Samisen, [44].
• Sang, [43].
• San-hsien, [44].
• Sankha, [47].
• Santiago de Compostella, sculpture at, [101].
• Santir, [6], [20], [55].
• Sardinia, [36].
• Sârinda, [50].
• Scabellum, [35].
• Scale, Chinese, [37], [39].
• ”   diatonic, [132].
• ”   pentatonic, [42], [79].
• Scandinavian harp, [87].
• Schalmei, [127].
• Scheitholz, [118], [119].
• Schnitzer, instrument maker, [128].
• Sê, [43].
• Sebȧ, [12].
• Serinette, [129].
• Serpent, [128].
• Seshesh, [15].
• Shakespeare, quoted, [114].
• Shakuhachi, [45].
• Shalisbim, [25].
• Shalm, or shawm, [102], [103], [127].
• Shehna, [79].
• Shêng, [42], [43], [45].
• Shime-daiko, [45].
• Shō, [45].
• Shophar, [24].
• Shwan-che, [43].
• Siam, instruments used in, [3], [4], [42].
• Simikon, [30].
• Sistrum, Egyptian, [14], [98].
• ”   Hebrew, [25].
• ”   Roman, [36].
• Sitar, [110].
• Sitâra, [55].
• Solomon, [19].
• Sordino, [118].
• Spain, Arabs in, [36], [56].
• Spanish instruments, [36], [110].
• Spinet, [121].
• Stones, sonorous, [39], [73].
• Stops of the clavicembalo, [123].
• Stop in organ-harpsichord, [124].
• Strabo, quoted, [27].
• Stradivarius, [118].
• Strings, catgut, [1], [30], [108-110], [115].
• Strings, silk, [1], [43], [44], [54], [109].
• Strings, sympathetic, [115], [116].
• ”   wire, [55], [108-110], [115-117], [120], [121].
• Sultana, [116].
• Sumphonia, [23].
• Sung-ch’ing, [39].
• Surnai, [55].
• Suroda, [88], [89].
• Syrinx, Greek, [31].
• ”   Hebrew, [23].
• ”   mediæval, [94], [99].
• ”   Peruvian, [63].
• ”   Roman, [35].

• Tabret, [24].
• Taiko, [45].
• Talmud, The, [23].
• Tamboura, Arabian, [54].
• ”   Egyptian, [27].
• ”   Hebrew, [22].
• Tambourine, Assyrian, [18].
• ”   Egyptian, [14].
• ”   Hebrew, [24].
• ”   Peruvian, [72].
• ”   Roman, [35].
• Tangents in the clavichord, [121].
• T’ê-ch’ing, [39].
• T’ê-chung, [39], [40].
• Tenor (violin), [113].
• Tenor-bassoon, [128].
• Tenor-viol, [119].
• Teponaztli, [70], [80].
• Testudo, [33].
• Tezcucans, instruments of the, [73].
• Thebes, [11], [12], [14].
• Theorbo, [101], [104], [105].
• Ti, [42].
• Tibetan instruments, [43], [80].
• Tibia, [34].
• ”   curva, [34].
• ”   dextra, [34].
• ”   gingrina, [34].
• ”   ligula, [34].
• ”   longa, [34].
• ”   obliqua, [34].
• ”   sinistra, [34].
• ”   utricularis, [34].
• ”   vasca, [35].
• Tibiæ impares, [34].
• ”   pares, [34].
• Timbrel, [24], [102].
• Timotheus, flutist, [57].
• Tintinnabula, [36].
• Tintinnabulum, [100].
• Tinya, [75].
• Titus, arch of, [24].
• Tone of instruments, [112], [113].
• Toph, [24], [25].
• Toumrie, [52].
• Treble-viol, [119].
• Triangle, Hebrew, [25].
• Triangle, Roman, [36].
• Triangulum, [36].
• Trigonon, [17], [28], [30], [53].
• Trigonum, [34].
• Triple Flageolet, [126].
• Trombone, [94].
• Trumpets of South American Indians, [65].
• Trumpets, Anglo-Saxon, [94].
• ”   Ashantee, [2].
• ”   Assyrian, [18].
• ”   of the Caroados, [67].
• ”   Egyptian, [14].
• ”   Greek, [32].
• ”   Hebrew, [24] seq.
• ”   Hindu, [47], [79].
• ”   of the Kalmuks, [80].
• ”   Mexican, [80].
• ”   New Zealand, [2].
• ”   Persian, [53].
• ”   Thibetan, [80].
• Tschenk (Chang), [53].
• Tsu-ku, [41].
• Tsudzumi, [45].
• Tsuri-gane, [46].
• Tuba, [35].
• Tuckey, Captain, [2].
• Turé, [67], [79].
• “Tuner of the Regals,” [130].
• Tuning of the spinet, [121].
• Tympanon, [32].
• Tympanum, [35].
• Tyrolean harp-makers, [112].
• Tzeltzelim, [25].

• Ugab, [23].
• Ur-heen, [51], [52].

• Ventura, Signor, [110].
• Vielle, [101].
• Vihuela, [102], [110].
• Vina, [46], [47], [49].
• ”   mahati, [49].
• ”   rudra, [49].
• Vinavah, [51].
• Viol, mediæval, [99], [100].
• ”   post-mediæval, [113], [119].
• ”   Spanish, [102], [118].
• Viola da gamba, [114], [115].
• ”   d’amore, [116].
• ”   di bardone, [115].
• Violin, [91], [113], [114], [116].
• ”   Japanese, [44].
• ”   Persian, [55].
• Violoncello, [114], [115].
• Virginal, [119-121], [130].

• Wait, the instrument, [103].
• Walther, quoted, [121].
• Welsh instruments, [89], [90].
• Whistles, American Indian, [82].
• ”   Mexican, [59], [60].
• Wilkinson, Sir G., quoted, [21].

• Ying-ku, [41].
• Yotl, [73].
• Yü, [40], [41].
• ”   stone made into the ch’ing, [38].
• Yüeh, [42].
• Yüeh-ch’in, [43].

• Zampogna, [23].
• Zante, belfries in, [131].
• Zither, or Zitter, [109].

Transcriber’s Note

Footnotes were renumbered sequentially and were moved to the end of the book, preceding the Index. Dialect, obsolete and alternative spellings were left unchanged. Inconsistent hyphenation was not changed. Misspelled words were not changed.

Obvious printing errors, such as partially printed letters, were corrected. Final stops missing at the end of sentences and abbreviations were added. Duplicate words and syllables at line endings or page breaks were removed. Two unnecessary commas in the Index were deleted.

[Fig. 53] was moved to appear in numerical sequence.