FOOTNOTES
[1]The first legislature of the state appointed a committee to report on the derivation and definition of the names of the several counties of California. The report is dated April 16, 1850, and from it is quoted the following:
“In the month of June, 1806 (in one of their yearly excursions to the valley of the rushes—Valle de los Tulares—with a view to hunt elks), a party of Californians pitched their tents on a stream at the foot of the Sierra Nevada, and whilst there, myriads of butterflies, of the most gorgeous and variegated colors, clustered on the surrounding trees, attracted their attention, from which circumstance they gave the stream the appellation of Mariposa. Hence Mariposa River, from which the county (also heavily laden with the precious metal) derives its poetical name.”
[2]Foremost among the references is L. H. Bunnell’s Discovery of the Yosemite, published in 1880. Bunnell was closely associated with Savage during three of his most active years in the Mariposa region; his account is intimate and rich in detail and unprejudiced. We catch an interesting glimpse of Savage, the ’forty-niner, through the pages also of George H. Tinkham’s California Men and Events. Something additional of his gold mining and trading is gleaned from the writings of W. E. Wilde and S. P. Elias. Elliott’s History of Fresno County contributes a number of authenticated incidents, and J. M. Hutchings reveals matters regarding influences that undoubtedly figured in his tragic death. United States Senate documents record his official dealings with the Indians; L. A. Winchell gives some information on his enemies; contemporary newspapers describe his meeting with death; and finally Depositions from the Papers of Geo. W. Wright, One of Two First Congressmen from California, provides papers pertaining to the Court of Claims, 1858, in which appears sworn testimony regarding the shooting of Savage. This last paper formed a part of the Boutwell Dunlap Collection.
[3]Bell (1927) records that the photographer, Vance, made pictures of Savage and his Indians on this occasion.
[4]A muster roll of the Mariposa Battalion appears in Elliott, 1881, and in Russell, 1931, pp. 186-191.
[5]The Walker party, 1833, may have been the first to see the Merced Grove. See [p. 8]. See also Wegner, J. H., Yosemite Nature Notes (1930), p. 67.
[6]See Fannie Crippen Jones, “The Barnards in Yosemite,” MS in Yosemite Museum.
[7]See Harwell, C. A., Yosemite Nature Notes, 1933, Vol. XII, No. 1.
[8]See Taylor, Mrs. H. J., Yosemite Nature Notes (1929).
[9]Beatty, M. E. “History of the Firefall,” Yosemite Nature Notes (1934), pp. 41-43; and Yosemite Park and Curry Co., 1940, The Firefall, Explanation and History, Yosemite National Park, pp. 1-5.
[10]Camps at these spots first were established in the days of the Desmond Park Service Company, 1916-1918.
[11]A road of sorts crossed Sonora Pass prior to this construction work. Hittell (1911, p. 218) tells of Grizzly Adams’s trip through the pass with a wagon in the Spring of 1854.
[12]See Farquhar, 1926, pp. 15-23.
[13]Joseph LeConte became a faculty member at the University of California in 1869 and made his first trip to Yosemite in 1870. Of that experience, he wrote, “This trip was almost an era in my life.” For the rest of his life, he devoted much time to Sierra studies. He died suddenly in the valley, July 6, 1901. The LeConte Memorial Lodge in Yosemite Valley, built by the Sierra Club in 1903, commemorates his work (see Sierra Club Bulletin, 1904, 1905; Farquhar, 1926, pp. 30-32).
[14]Lt. Montgomery Meigs Macomb, assisted by J. C. Spiller and F. O. Maxson, explored the Yosemite region in 1878 and 1879. Their work was a part of the program of the U. S. Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, Capt. George M. Wheeler in charge. This program received the general direction of the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army. Macomb's field work yielded the data for a map which was standard in the Yosemite region for many years (see U. S. War Dept., 1879).
[15]In 1879, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey sent a reconnaissance party into the Yosemite high country under the leadership of George Davidson. Mount Conness was occupied on that occasion and again in 1887 and 1890 (see [p. 72]; also Davidson, 1892).
[16]The United States Geological Survey was organized in 1879 under the direction of Clarence King. In 1882 and 1883, a thorough study was made of the Yosemite high country west of Mono Lake. Israel C. Russell was in charge of this field work. Willard D. Johnson and Grove Karl Gilbert assisted him. These men confirmed some of the original work done by Muir and Joseph LeConte (See U. S. Geological Survey, 1883-84, pp. 31-32, 303-328; 1886-87, I: 261-394; I. C. Russell, 1897, pp. 37-54; Farquhar, 1926, p. 42).
[17]See Ralph H. Lewis, 1941 and 1945; Robert C. Robinson, 1940.
[18]Mount Conness, one of the outstanding peaks in the Tuolumne Meadows region, was named for Senator John Conness by Clarence King, later first director of the United States Geological Survey, but at the time a member of the Whitney Survey. King and James T. Gardiner were the first to climb the peak, making the ascent in 1864. Referring to the mountain, King said that because of its “firm peak with titan strength and brow so square and solid, it seems altogether natural we should have named it for California’s statesman, John Conness.”
[19]Congressional Globe, May 17, 1864, p. 2301.
[20]The Life and Letters of John Muir, I: 207-208.
[21]Gabriel Sovulewski was born in Poland in 1866; he died Nov. 29, 1938. For a synopsis of his work and the activities of others in the military administration, see “Administrative Officers of Yosemite,” by C. Frank Brockman, Yosemite Nature Notes (1944).
[22]Taylor, Mrs. H. J. “Hetch Hetchy Water Flows into San Francisco.” Yosemite Nature Notes (1934), pp. 89-91, Badè, W. F., “The Hetch Hetchy Situation [Editorial],” Sierra Club Bulletin, 9 (1914): 3, 174.
[23]See Report of the Secretary of the Interior, 1933, pp. 158-159, for account of the Stephen T. Mather Appreciation and the dedication of Mather Memorial Plaques, presented by that organization.
[24]At that time called Lafayette National Park and since re-named when it was extended to include a portion of the mainland.
INDEX
The following entries refer particularly to narrative pages. For further references, see under appropriate date in Chronology.
INDEX
[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] Q [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] Q X [Y] [Z]
A Abrams, LeRoy, [134] Acknowledgments, [ix]-xi Adams, James Capen, [127], [134], [180] Adams, Virginia and Ansel, [73], [191] Administration, Yosemite, [146]-175 Agua Fria, first Mariposa County seat, [12], [20], [24] Ahwahnee, Indian name for Yosemite Valley, [37]. See also Camp Ahwahnee Ahwahnee Hotel, [101], [115]-116 Airplane, first in Yosemite Valley, [188] Albright, Horace M., biographical notes, [169]-170 All-Year Highway, [86], [169]-170, [188]-189 Alta California, quoted, [26], [28], [38]-39; another use, [103] American Association of Museums, [x]-xi. See also Yosemite Museum American [Planning and] Civic Association, [161] Anderson, George G., [79]; Trail of, [109] Arboretum, Wawona, [187] Aurora, mining town, [124], [127] Automobiles in Yosemite, [69] Ayres, Thomas, Yosemite sketches by, [48], [58], [147], [181]
B Badè, W. F., writings of, [153]-154 Badger Pass, [91], [173], [191], [193] Ball, George A., [162] Barnard, J. K., [98]. See also Sentinel Hotel Barrett, Samuel A., [132] Beadle, J. H., quoted, [53]-55, [103] Beardsley, Buck, [96] Beardsley and Hite. See Upper Hotel Beatty, M. E., [131], [136], [193] Bennetville. See Tioga Benson, Col. Harry C., [77], [159], [160]; quoted, [83] Benton, California, [124] Best, Harry C., [186], [191] Bierstadt, Albert, [181] Big Oak Flat: Trail, [52]; Road, [164]-170 Big Oak Flat and Yosemite Turnpike Company, [63] Big Tree Room, [58] Big Trees: discovery, [8]; Mariposa Grove, [8]; Merced Grove, [8], [62]; writings about, [133]-134; Tuolumne Grove, [184] Big Trees Lodge, [113], [189], [191] Bigelow, Maj. John, [187] Black, A. G., [95], [96] Black Bart. See Highwaymen Black’s Hotel: Bull Creek, [101]; Yosemite Valley, [56], [96], [101], [123]-128 passim Bloody Canyon, [46], [74], [118], [119] Bodie: boom days of, [64]-65, [118], [124]; mining district organized, [126]; relics, [128] Body, W. S., [125], [127] Boling, Captain John: and Mariposa Battalion, [25], [36], [180]; first entrance into Yosemite Valley of, [37]; first letter from Yosemite Valley by, [38], [180]; quoted, [38]-39; second entrance into Yosemite Valley of, [180] Bolles, Ida Savage, [16] Botanical studies in Yosemite, [133]-134 Boutwell Dunlap collection, [16] n., [30] Bowditch, Mrs. Ernest W., [48] Boysen, J. T., [69], [193] Brace, Charles Loring, [97], [99]; quoted, [97]-98, [99]-100 Brewer, William H., [71], [78], [129], [130] Brockman, C. Frank, [x], [136], [144]; quoted on trails, [82] Brooks, Joel H., investigated Savage killing, [30]-32 Brower, David R., [xi]; quoted, [87]-91 Brusky, William, [118] Bryant, H. C., [136], [138]-143 passim; quoted, [140] Bumpus, H. C., [142], [193] Bunnell, L. H.: quoted on Walker, [7]; writings of, [14], [16]; quoted on Savage, [19]-20; quoted on mistreatment of Indians, [27]; and naming of Yosemite Valley, [37]; and naming of Tenaya Lake, [39]; Yosemite Valley surveyed by, [92]; trail built by Coulter and, [92]; and first house built in Yosemite, [55], [93]; quoted on first view of Yosemite, [146]; quoted on aesthetic appreciation of Yosemite, [147]; influence on Yosemite reservation, [147] Bureau of American Ethnology, [132] Burney, James, with volunteer Indian fighters, [24] Buwalda, John P., [131], [190]
C Cain, Mr. and Mrs. D. V., [128] Caine, Capt. J. E., [186] California Fish and Game Commission, [138], [140], [143], [185] California Magazine. See J. M. Hutchings California State Geological Survey, [71], [129]. See also J. D. Whitney Calkins, F. C., [131] Cammerer, Arno B., [173] Camp Ahwahnee, [112] Camp Curry, [111]-113 Camp Lost Arrow, [112] Camp Yosemite, [112] Campbell, William J., and mistreatment of Indians, [28], [29] Camps, High Sierra. See High Sierra Camps Carl Inn Tract, [163], [171] Caton, J. D., quoted, [98] Cedar Cottage. See Upper Hotel Central Pacific Railroad, [63], [182] Chandler, Mrs. A. E., [40] Chapel, Yosemite Valley, [102] Chittenden, Hiram M., [157] Church Bowl, Yosemite, [191] Churchill, Caroline M., quoted, [102] Civilian Conservation Corps, [191], [192] Clark, Galen: papers of, [40]; established station now known as Wawona, [50]-51; as geologist, [130]; writings of, [133]; first Yosemite guardian, [150]; as surveyor, [180]; death of, [187]; memorial to, [187] Clark and Moore’s Hotel, [100] Clark’s (Galen) Ranch: as a resort, [99]-101; as headquarters, U. S. Army, [157]. See also Wawona Coarse Gold, [26] Colby, William E., [156]-157 Cole, James E., [136] Commonwealth Club of California, [86] Conness, Mount, [72], [148] Conness, Senator John, [148] Conway, John, trail builder, [79], [80], [104], [108], [182], [183] Cook, J. J., [111] Cook, L. F., [134] Corcoran, May Stanislas, [11] Cosmopolitan saloon, [103]-104 Coulter, George W., [52] Coulter and Murphy, [98]. See also Sentinel Hotel Coulterville: Trail, [52], [181]; Road, [53], [62], [63], [163]-164 Coulterville and Yosemite Turnpike Company, [61], [62] Craig, Maj. L. A., [186] Cunningham, S. W., [93]-96 passim Curry, Mr. and Mrs. D. A., [111]-113
D Daniels, Mark, [161], [188] Davidson, Professor George, [71]-72, [130] Davis, Milton F., [77], [159] Deer, hoof and mouth disease epidemic in, [189] Degnan’s bakery and store, [110] Del Portal Hotel, [187] Dennison, W. E., [184] Desmond Park Service Company, [109], [112] Devils Postpile, [171], [187] Dill, William, [25], [36] Dixon, Joseph, [135] Dodd, Derrick, [108]-109 Drury, Newton B.: quoted, [vii]-viii; and National Park Service wildlife policy, [137]; and Save-the-Redwoods League, [173]; appointed to Yosemite Advisory Board, [173]; Director, National Park Service, [xii], [173]-174
E Eagle Peak Trail, [80] Earthquake in Yosemite Valley, [183] Echo Wall Trail, [185] Education Department. See Yosemite Education Department, and Park Naturalists Electric power plant: Cascades, [168]; Happy Isles, [186] Eleven-Mile Trail, [104], [109] Elias, S. P., [16] n; quoted, [17] Elk, California Valley: introduced into Yosemite, [189]; removed, [191] Elliott’s History of Fresno County, [16] n; quoted, [29], [30] El Portal, [68]. See All-Year Highway Ernst, Emil, [134] Esmeralda Mining District, [126] Ethnological studies, [132]-133 Eustis, Mrs. A. H., [49] Ewing, Frank B., [85] Exploration of Yosemite, [71]-91
F Farquhar, Francis P.: acknowledgment to, [xi]; evaluation of Walker’s discovery of Yosemite, [7] Farrow, T. E., [113]-114 Firefall, Glacier Point, [108], [112] First mountaineering ascents: Cathedral Peak, [78]; Mount Clark, [78]; Mount Conness, [78]; Mount Dana, [78]; Mount Hoffmann, [78]; Mount Lyell, [78], [191]; Half Dome, [79]; Cathedral Spires, [88]; routes on valley walls, [88]; Lost Arrow, [89] Fish. See California Fish and Game Commission Fiske, George, photographer, [40] Flood, Yosemite, [69]-70 Foley, D. J., quoted, [66]-68 Force, Lieut. Wm., [186] Forsyth, Major W. W., [77], [159] Fort Miller, [29], [46] Fort Yosemite, [160] Four-Mile Trail, [80]-81, [108] Frémont, John Charles: visit to Yosemite region, [12]; home in Bear Valley, [13]; and Frémont Grant, [13]; Bear Flag party of, [18] French Company, the, [12], [13] Fresno Flats, [123], [124]
G Gale, Capt. G. H. G., [185] Gardiner, James T., [71], [78], [148] n Garrard, Lt. Col. Jos., [187] Geological studies, [129]-132 Gifford, E. W., [132] Glacier measuring, [190] Glacier Point: Mountain House, [107]-109; Hotel, [109]; passenger lift proposal, [109]; Road, [109], [170] Godfrey, Elizabeth H., [x], [60], [133], [193] Goethe, C. M., [137], [138] Gold discovery, influence on Yosemite history, [10]-13 Golden Crown Mine, [122] Gordon-Cumming, Lady, quoted, [108] Government Center, [189] Grazing: permitted in Yosemite, [188]. See also Yosemite National Park, exploitation of Great Sierra Mining Company, [119], [120] Greeley, Horace, [58] Grinnell, Joseph, [135] Grover, Stephen F., [40]; quoted, [40]-45 Guidebooks, [73]-74, [89]
H Habitation, first in Yosemite, [55], [93] Hall, Ansel F., [xi], [135]; and establishment of Yosemite Museum, [140]-141, [144] Hall, Harvey M. and Carlotta C., [134] Hall, Tommy, [104] Hamlin, C. J., and establishment of Yosemite Museum, [141] Harlow, Geo. T., [186] Harris, A., and Harris Camp Grounds, [106]-107 Harvey, Walter H.: and death of Savage, [30]-32; and mistreatment of Indians, [28], [29] Harwell, C. A., [x], [136], [144] Hein, Maj. O. L., [186] Hetch Hetchy Valley: rights granted to San Francisco, [161], [187], [188]; as a reservoir, [161]-162; fight for preservation of, [162] n, [186]; discovery of, [179]; dam enlarged, [191] High Sierra Camps, [87], [113]-115, [167], [191] High Sierra snow surveys, [190] High Sierra trails, [81], [82], [83]-85 Highwaymen: Black Bart, [66]; of the Chowchilla, [66]-68 Hite, John, [52] Hite’s Cove route, [52], [93] Hoffmann, Charles F., [71], [78] Holbrook, J. C., quoted, [94] Holmes, A. E., quoted, [69] Holmes, L. A., editor, Mariposa Gazette, [50] Homer, L. L., [121] Homer Mining District, [121] Homer Mining Index, [119], [121], [122]; quoted, [119]-120, [122] Hospital. See Lewis Memorial Hospital, Ahwahnee Hotel (U. S. Navy), and Yosemite Hospital (U. S. Army) Hotels. See Ahwahnee, Barnard’s, Big Trees Lodge, Black’s, Camp Ahwahnee, Camp Curry, Camp Lost Arrow, Camp Yosemite, Cedar Cottage, Clark and Moore’s, Clark’s Ranch, Cosmopolitan, Coulter and Murphy, Del Portal, Glacier Point, Harris Camp Grounds, High Sierra Camps, Hutchings House, La Casa Nevada, Leidig’s, Lower, Oak Cottage, Peregoy’s, River Cottage, Rock Cottage, Sentinel, Stoneman House, Tuolumne Meadows Lodge, Upper, Wawona, Yosemite Falls, Yosemite Lodge Hotels and their keepers, [92]-116 Howard, Maggie, [190], [193] Hubbard, Mrs. C. W., [48] Huntington, Ellsworth, [134] Hutchings, Emily A., quotation from, [59]-60 Hutchings, Florence, [182] Hutchings, James Mason: writings of, [16], [50], [56], [57]; quoted, [35], [56], [78]; and first interest in Yosemite, [48], [56], [80], [91], [96]-98; Yosemite publicity, [50], [147], [151]; home in Yosemite of, [57], [98]; as hotel proprietor, [58]; as guardian of Yosemite Grant, [59], [152], [184]; death of, [59]; and trails, [80]; and litigation concerning Yosemite holdings, [96], [98], [149]-152; orchard, [98]; as guide, [107] “Hutchings,” Tom, [48] Hutchings House: applied to Cedar Cottage, Oak Cottage, River Cottage, Rock Cottage, Sentinel Hotel, Upper Hotel, which see
I Indian Canyon Trail, [80] Indian Commissioners, [36] Indian exhibit in Yosemite, [190], [193] Indian trails, [74]-77 Indian tribes of Yosemite region: Ah-wah-nee-chees, [12], [132]; Chowchillas, [22], [76], [77]; Chukchansi, [22], [75], [76], [77]; Miwoks, [74], [75], [76], [132]; Mono, [46], [47], [76]; Nuchu, [36], [99]; Southern Miwok, [75]; Yokuts, [75], [76] Indians of Yosemite region: first clash between whites and, [24]-25; murders preceding Yosemite Indian War by, [24]; and Mariposa Indian War, [24]; treaties with, [26]; reservations for, [26], [28], [35], [36], [40]; mistreatment of, [27], [28]; effect of Savage’s death upon, [33]-34; dealings with Indian agents, [36]; Wawona campsite of Nuchus, [36], [99] Indians of Yosemite Valley: attack on Savage’s trading post, [24]; participation in Mariposa Indian War, [24]; and failure to sign treaty, [26], [36]; first surrender to whites, [36]; return to Yosemite Valley, [40]; attack on prospectors, [40]-45; strife with Mono Indians, [46]-48; second surrender to whites, [180]; interview with last survivor of original band of, see Lebrado Ireland, Louise Savage, [16], [34]
J Jepson, Willis L., [133], [134] John Muir Trail, [83]-85 Johnson, Robert Underwood, editor of Century Magazine, [155] Johnston, Adam, quoted, [77] Jorgensen, Chris, [186], [191] Juarez, Chief José, [22]-24
K Kat, William, [88] Kemp, J. C., [119] “Kenneyville” property, [101] King, Clarence: as geologist, [71], [129]; as mountaineer, [78]; as mapper, [95], [148] n; quoted, [95]-96 Kittredge, Frank A.: acknowledgment to, [xi]; quoted, [171]; biographical notes, [172]-173 Kroeber, A. L.: cited, [75]; writings of, [132] Kuykendall, John J., [25], [36]
L La Casa Nevada, [80], [104]-105 Lake, W. B., quoted, [106]-107 Lake Mining District, [123] Lamon, James C., first homesteader, [147]-150 passim Lebrado, Maria, last survivor of Yosemites, [25], [47]-48 LeConte, J. N., [72], [84], [130], [182], [193] LeConte, Joseph: as geologist, [130]; first Yosemite trip, [205]; memorial lectures, [188] LeConte Memorial Lodge, [83], [130], [186] Ledge Trail, [107], [188] Leevining Canyon, [46], [122] Leidig, G. F., [95], [101] Leidig’s Hotel, [101]-103 Lembert, John B., [119], [185]. See also Tuolumne Soda Springs Leonard, Archie, [122], [161] Leonard, Richard M., [89] Leonard, Zenas: as trapper, [4]-5; clerk of Walker party, author of earliest Yosemite document, [5], [6]-7, [8] Lewis, Washington B., biographical notes, [167]-169 Lewis Memorial Hospital, [190] Littebrant, Major William T., [161] Little Yosemite Trail, [104] Lodges. See Hotels Longhurst, Peter, [95] Lower Hotel, [56], [93]-96 Lundy, [119], [121], [122] Lundy, W. J., [121]
M McCauley, James: and Glacier Point Mountain House, [108]-109; originator of firefall, [108]; trail builder, [79], [80], [107]-108 McClure, Lieut., N. F., [77], [159] McCord, Mark L., [185] McDuffie, Duncan, and Yosemite Advisory Board, [190] McHenry, Donald Edward, [144] McLean, Dr. John T., [61], [62], [63]; quoted, [62] Macomb, Lieut. M. M., [71], [130] Mammoth City, [123], [124] Mammoth City-Fresno Trail, [123]-124 Mammoth City Herald, [123], [125] Mammoth City Times, [123] Mann Brothers, Houston and Milton, [50], [51], [92] Maps, [71]-73, [77] Maria, last of Yosemites. See Lebrado Mariposa: history of, [11], [179]; origin of name, [11]-12 n; pioneers of, [11]-12 Mariposa Battalion, [25]-26, [36] Mariposa-El Portal-Yosemite Valley Road. See All-Year Highway Mariposa Estate, [13], [92], [179] Mariposa Gazette and first printed description of Yosemite, [50] Mariposa Grove of Big Trees: in State Park, [148]-149; discovery, [180]; explored by Galen Clark, [181]; log cabin, [185]; Museum, [190] Mariposa-Hite’s Cove Road, [52] Mariposa [Indian] Trail, [51], [52], [99] Mariposa Indian War. See Indians of Yosemite Valley Mariposa-Wawona-Yosemite Valley Road, [63] Marshall, James W., [10] Marshall, R. B., [72], [188] Marvin, Judge John G., [30], [31], [32] Master Plan of Yosemite National Park, [80], [86], [174]-175 Mather, Stephen T.: Mountain Party of 1916, [85]; and John Muir Trail, [85]; and National Park Service educational program, [137]-138; appointed Director of National Park Service, [161]; Tioga Road purchased by, [164]; biographical notes, [164]-167, [168]-173 passim Matthes, François E., [73], [131] May Lundy Mine, [122] Memorials: J. D. Savage placque, [35]; LeConte Lodge, [130]; Galen Clark seat, [187]; LeConte lectures, [188]; Parsons Lodge, [188]; Lewis Hospital, [190] Merced Grove of Big Trees, [8] Merced-Wawona Road, [101] Merriam, C. Hart, [132] Merriam, John C., [142] Merriam, Lawrence C., [171]-172, [192] Michael, Charles, [88] Michael, Enid, [134]-135, [189] Miller, Adolph C., [161] Miller, Loye H., [138]; quoted, [138]-140 Mills, Cosie Hutchings (Mrs. Gertrude Hutchings), [59], [60] Mining Districts. See Bodie, Esmeralda, Homer, Lake, Montgomery, Mount Hoffmann, Tioga Mono Diggings, [118] Mono Indians, strife with Yosemites, [46]-48 Mono region mining, [117]-128 Mono Trail, [46], [74], [118] Mono Weekly Messenger, [125] Monoville, [118] Montgomery Mining District, [124] Moore, Edwin, [100] Moore, Lieut. Tredwell: and attack on Yosemite Indians, [46]; Mono explorations of, [46], [117] Moran, Thomas, art collection, [191] Motor vehicles. See Automobiles Mountain View House. See Peregoy’s Mountaineering, [26], [78]-79, [87]-89; National Park Service policy on, [89]. See also First mountaineering ascents Mount Dana Summit Mine, [120]-121 Mount Hoffmann Mining District, [184] Muir, John: as mountaineer, [78], [79], [88]; quoted, [79]; as explorer, [84], [182]; death, [84], [188]; as geologist, [130]; writings, [133]-134, [155], [183]; as teacher of Yosemite values, [138], [152]-156; as sheepherder in Yosemite, [152]-153; “lumbering operation” of, [153]; in the employ of Hutchings, [153]-154; quoted on his Yosemite cabin by Badè, [153]-154. See also Sierra Club Muir Trail. See John Muir Trail Murphy, John L., [184], [185] Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy, University of California, [135]
N Nature guiding, [138]-141 Neal, Mr. and Mrs. John H., [94] Nuchu Indian camp, [36], [99]
O Oak Cottage, [98] Oastler, Frank R., [141] Olmsted, Frederick Law (elder): as superintendent of Mariposa Estate, [13]; as chairman, first Board of Yosemite Commissioners, [13], [149]; quoted, [149] Olmsted, Frederick Law (younger): as National Park Service Collaborator, [14]; appointed to Yosemite Advisory Board, [14] Orchards in Yosemite Valley: Hutchings’, [98]; Lamon’s, [148] Ostrander Lake Ski Hut, [91], [192] Ostrander’s, [51]
P Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., [187] Packing (animals), [53], [87] Pardee, Gov. Geo. C., [187] Park Naturalists of Yosemite, [144] Parker, Harry C., [136] Parsons Memorial Lodge, [188] Passes used by Indians, [76] Peregoy, Charles E., [51], [105], [107] Peregoy’s Hotel, [51], [105]-106 Photographs, first of Yosemite Valley, [56]-57 Pilgrim Society, [126] Pine City, [123] Porter, Mrs. Sarah Seton, [17] Presidents visiting Yosemite: Theodore Roosevelt, [156], [187]; Hayes, [184]; Franklin D. Roosevelt, [192] Presnall, C. C., [136] Private lands. See Yosemite National Park, private lands
R Radio communications, [191] Railroads: Central Pacific, [63]; connections with stage routes, [63]; Yosemite Valley, [68], [69]-70 Raker, John E., [161]-162 Rangers, [158]; organization of, [161]; club house, [189] Raymond, I. W., and Yosemite Grant, [182] Research Reserves, [190] River Cottage, [98] Road policy: and realignment, [86]; obliteration, [86]; and mountain wilderness values, [86] Roads. See All-Year Highway, Big Oak Flat, Coulterville, El Portal-Yosemite Valley, Glacier Point, Mariposa-Hite’s Cove, Mariposa-Wawona-Yosemite Valley, Sonora Pass, Tioga, Wawona-Merced Robinson, Charles D., [184] Rock Cottage, [98] Rockefeller, John D., Jr., [162] Rockefeller, Laura Spelman Memorial. See Yosemite Museum Rodgers, Capt. Alexander, [77], [185] Roosevelt, Theodore, and Antiquities Act of 1906, [156] Rosenblatt, Arthur, [57] Rucker, Maj. L. J., [186] Russell, Carl P., [135], [144] Russell, I. C., [130]
S Saddle parties, [50]-60 San Francisco Daily Herald, quoted, [29], [32], [33]-34 Savage, James D.: as trader, [14]; trading posts, [14], [19], [20]-21, [23], [24], [25], [26]; role as discoverer of Yosemite Valley, [15]; boyhood, [17]; marriage, [17], [21]; arrival in California, [18]; champion of Indians, [18], [29]; intimacy with Indians, [18], [21]; as white chief of the foothills, [18]-35; associated with Rev. James Woods, [19]; Bunnell quoted on, [19]-20; quoted, [20], [27]; trouble with Indians, [21]-27; described by old Indian, [25]; in command of the Mariposa Battalion, [25], [36], [146]; aid to Indian agents, [26]; as military leader and trailfinder, [26], [75]; quarrel with Harvey, [30]-32; death of, [30]-35; burial, [34] School, Yosemite Valley public, [183] Second U. S. Infantry. See Lieut. Tredwell Moore Sell, W. M., [187]. See also Camp Ahwahnee Sentinel Hotel, [98], [112] Sequoia gigantea. See Big Trees Sharsmith, Carl W., [134] Sheepherder Mine. See Tioga Mine Sheepmen, trails used by, [77] Sherman, E. A., editor, Esmeralda Star, [126] Shirley, James C., [134] Sierra Club: acknowledgment to, [xi]; and mapping, [72]; and trails, [84], [85]-86; outings, [84], [186]; purposes, [86], [156]; Rock-Climbing Section, [88]; lodges, [130], [186], [188]; and U. S. Geological Survey, [131]; and study of fauna, [135]; and John Muir, [156]; and creation of Yosemite National Park, [156]; and Antiquities Act, [156]; and William E. Colby, [156]-157; and Yosemite recession, [160], [185]; Soda Springs property of, [187] Sierra Club Bulletin, [xi], [156] Sierra Telegraph Company, [121] Skiing, [90]-91, [173], [191], [193] Smedberg, W. R., [159] Smith, C. E., [103] Smith, Jedediah S.: in ranks of “Fur Brigade,” [1]; trip to California by, [1], [2]; first white to cross Sierra Nevada, [2], [179] Snow, Albert, [79], [104], [123]; trail built by, [80], [104] Snow surveys of High Sierra, [190] Sonora Pass: Road, [127]; Trail, [10], [75], [76], [80], [118] Southern Mines, [11] Sovulewski, Gabriel, [159], [187]; quoted, [83], [159]-160; death of, [159], [192] Stagecoach days, [61]-70 Stagecoaches: types of, [64]; replaced in Yosemite by automobiles, [69] Staging, unknown author quoted on, [64]-65 Starr, W. A., Jr., guidebook, [73]-74 Stoneman House, [101], [111] Storer, Tracy I., [135] Street, Harlow, [183] Sudworth, George B., [133] Survey parties, [71]-73 “Ta-bu-ce.” See Howard, Maggie
T Taylor, Mrs. H. J., [x], [132] Telegraph lines, [183], [187] Telephone: first in Yosemite, [185]; first adequate system in Yosemite, [187] Tenaya, Chief of the Yosemites: first surrender to whites, [36]; captured by whites, [37], [39]; death of, [46]-48; and Mono Indians, [46]-48. See also Indians of Yosemite Valley Tenaya Lake: origin of name, [39]; trail, [46], [187]; and John L. Murphy claim, [184], [185] Thomson, Col. Charles G., [86], [170]-171 Tileston, John Boies, [78] Tinkham, George G.: quoted, [19]; writings of, [16] n Tioga (settlement), [118], [119] Tioga-Lundy Trail, [121]-122 Tioga Mine (Sheepherder), [118], [119] Tioga Mining District, [119], [120], [121] Tioga Road, [81], [120], [164], [170], [192] Toll roads, policy, [163] Toll trails, policy, [79], [80]-81, [82], [163] Trading posts. See Savage Trail policy, [87] Trails. See Anderson’s, Big Oak Flat, Coulterville, Eagle Peak, Echo Wall, Eleven-Mile, Four-Mile, High Sierra, Hite’s Cove, Indian Canyon, John Muir, Ledge, Little Yosemite, Mammoth City-Fresno, Mariposa, Mono, Sonora Pass, Tenaya Lake, Tioga-Lundy, Yosemite Falls Trask, John B., [129]; quoted, [117] Tresidder, Donald B., [113], [162]; Mary Curry, [xi], [113], [134] Tuolumne Grove of Big Trees, [8], [181], [184] Tuolumne Meadows Lodge, [114], [188] Tuolumne Meadows Soda Springs, [119]; purchased by Sierra Club, [187] Tuolumne Meadows trail, [46] Turner, H. W., [130] Twain, Mark, [127]
U U. S. Army: pioneer activity in Yosemite, [77]-78; in charge of Yosemite National Park, [77], [157]-161; and building of trails, [78]; Wawona headquarters, [157], [185]; and Fort Yosemite, [160]; and Yosemite Arboretum, [187]; first plans for Yosemite Museum made by, [187]; Signal Corps in Yosemite, [192] U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, [72] U. S. Forest Service and John Muir Trail, [84], [85] U. S. Geological Survey, [71], [72], [73], [85], [131] U. S. National Park Service: administration of Yosemite, [vii]-viii, [161]-175 passim; and trails, [84]; establishment of, [161] U. S. Navy and Special Hospital (Ahwahnee Hotel), [116] U. S. Weather Bureau, [187] Upper Hotel, or Hutchings House, [56], [57], [58], [93], [96]-99; Big Tree Room, [58]
V Vegetation type map, [192] Vining, Lee, [46] Vivian, A. P., quoted, [100]-101, [102]
W Wagon: first, [55], [179]; freight, [64]; mud, [64] Walker, Joseph R.: with Bonneville, [3], [4], [5]; biographical notes, [3]-8; discovery of Yosemite by, [5], [6]-8; grave, [7]; discoverer of Big Trees, [8] Walker, M. V., [136] Wallace, Miles, [186] Walworth and Hite Hotel, [56], [93] Ward, Marjorie Montgomery, [190] Wartime problems in Yosemite, [xii], [116], [149], [173]-174, [192], [193] Washburn, Coffman, Chapman, and Company’s: Mariposa Road, [63]; Wawona Hotel, [99]-101 Watkins, C. E., [181] Wawona: U. S. Army headquarters, [157], [160]; as a Nuchu Indian campsite, [36]; Galen Clark’s ownership, [50]-51; Hotel, [99]-101; Fish Hatchery, [185]; first Yosemite museum planned for, [187]. See also Clark’s Ranch, Clark and Moore’s Wawona basin, acquisition of, [190] Wawona Road, [170], [191] Wawona Tree, [184] Wawona Tunnel, [170], [191] Weed, C. L., photographs by, [55]-56 Westfall’s, [51] Wheeler Survey, [71] Whitney, Josiah D., [71], [78], [129]-130; quoted, [79] Wilbur, Ray Lyman, [142] Wilcox, Capt. E. F., [186] Wildlife studies, [134]-137 Winchell, L. A., writings of, [16] n Winter sports, [90]-91, [173] Wolfe, Linnie Marsh, [98] Wood, Capt. Abram Epperson, [158] Wright, George M., [134], [135], [136], [143]
Y Yelverton, Therese, Viscountess Avonmore, [98] Yosemite Advisory Board, [14], [157], [173], [190], [193] Yosemite Chapel, [102], [184] Yosemite Church Bowl, [191] Yosemite Commissioners, Board of: first chairman, [13], [149]; action on road rights, [62]-63, [151]-152; failure of legislation to support, [63], [151]-152; action on trails, [79]; action on homestead claims by, [149]-152; effect upon, of National Park bill, [157]; termination of authority of, [160] Yosemite Education Department: origin of, [137]-145; objectives, [137]-138; and Yosemite Arboretum, [187]. See also Yosemite Museum, Yosemite Natural History Association, Yosemite Nature Notes, Yosemite School of Field Natural History Yosemite Falls Hotel. See Sentinel Hotel Yosemite Falls Trail, [80] Yosemite Grant. See Yosemite State Park Yosemite Hospital (U. S. Army), [187] Yosemite Lodge, [112], [188] Yosemite Master Plan, [80], [86], [174]-175 Yosemite Museum: acknowledgments to, [ix]-xi; and story of Savage, [15]; and Ayres sketches, [48]-49; exhibits in, [104], [133]; organization of, [141]-145, [189]; first plans made at Wawona, [187]; new building opened, [189]; Glacier Point branch of, [189]; Garden, [190]; “Live Indian Exhibit,” [190]; and Thomas Moran Collection, [191]; and Chris Jorgensen paintings, [191] Yosemite Museum Association, [144] Yosemite National Park: exploitation of region of, [vii]-viii, [154]-156, [158], [160], [161]-162, [175], [180], [181]; private lands, [149]-151, [157], [162]-163; established, [154]-157; State Park within, [155]; championed by Sierra Club, [156]-157; military in charge, [157]-161; boundary revision of, [157], [187] Yosemite National Park Company, [112], [113] Yosemite Natural History Association, [137], [144]-145 Yosemite Naturalist Department, [144]-145 Yosemite Nature Notes, [ix], [144] Yosemite Park and Curry Company: acknowledgment to, [xi]; and Wawona Hotel, [101]; and Glacier Point Hotel, [109]; origin, [112]-113; and Big Trees Lodge, [113]; and High Sierra Camps, [114]; and Ahwahnee Hotel, [115]-116 Yosemite School of Field Natural History, [143]-144, [192] Yosemite State Park, [148]-150, [154]-155, [160], [182]; first appropriations for, [151], [152]; established, [155]; encompassed by National Park, [155]; re-ceded to United States, [160] Yosemite Sugar Pine Lumber Company and Carl Inn tract, [70], [162]-163 Yosemite Tourist, D. J. Foley quoted in, [66]-68 Yosemite Valley: reserved as State Park, [vii], [155], [182]; re-ceded to United States, [vii], [160]; discovery by whites, [5], [6]-8; origin of name, [37]; as proposed reservoir site, [92], [147]; homesteads in, [148]-151; dual management of, [157], [160] Yosemite Valley Railroad: built, [68], [187]; flooded, [69]-70; abandoned, [70] Young, Col. S. B. M., [185], [186]
Z Zevely, J. W., [186]